gotosocial/internal/federation/authenticate.go

615 lines
20 KiB
Go

// GoToSocial
// Copyright (C) GoToSocial Authors admin@gotosocial.org
// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
package federation
import (
"context"
"crypto/rsa"
"encoding/json"
"errors"
"fmt"
"io"
"net/http"
"net/url"
"time"
"codeberg.org/gruf/go-kv"
"github.com/superseriousbusiness/activity/streams"
typepublickey "github.com/superseriousbusiness/activity/streams/impl/w3idsecurityv1/type_publickey"
"github.com/superseriousbusiness/gotosocial/internal/ap"
"github.com/superseriousbusiness/gotosocial/internal/config"
"github.com/superseriousbusiness/gotosocial/internal/db"
"github.com/superseriousbusiness/gotosocial/internal/gtscontext"
"github.com/superseriousbusiness/gotosocial/internal/gtserror"
"github.com/superseriousbusiness/gotosocial/internal/gtsmodel"
"github.com/superseriousbusiness/gotosocial/internal/log"
"github.com/superseriousbusiness/httpsig"
)
var (
errUnsigned = errors.New("http request wasn't signed or http signature was invalid")
)
// PubKeyAuth models authorization information for a remote
// Actor making a signed HTTP request to this GtS instance
// using a public key.
type PubKeyAuth struct {
// CachedPubKey is the public key found in the db
// for the Actor whose request we're now authenticating.
// Will be set only in cases where we had the Owner
// of the key stored in the database already.
CachedPubKey *rsa.PublicKey
// FetchedPubKey is an up-to-date public key fetched
// from the remote instance. Will be set in cases
// where EITHER we hadn't seen the Actor before whose
// request we're now authenticating, OR a CachedPubKey
// was found in our database, but was expired.
FetchedPubKey *rsa.PublicKey
// OwnerURI is the ActivityPub id of the owner of
// the public key used to sign the request we're
// now authenticating. This will always be set.
OwnerURI *url.URL
// Owner is the account corresponding to
// OwnerURI. This will always be set UNLESS
// the PubKeyAuth.Handshaking field is set..
Owner *gtsmodel.Account
// Handshaking indicates that uncached owner
// account was NOT dereferenced due to an ongoing
// handshake with another instance.
Handshaking bool
}
// AuthenticateFederatedRequest authenticates any kind of incoming federated
// request from a remote server. This includes things like GET requests for
// dereferencing our users or statuses etc, and POST requests for delivering
// new Activities. The function returns details of the public key(s) used to
// authenticate the requesting http signature.
//
// 'Authenticate' in this case is defined as making sure that the http request
// is actually signed by whoever claims to have signed it, by fetching the public
// key from the signature and checking it against the remote public key.
//
// The provided username will be used to generate a transport for making remote
// requests/derefencing the public key ID of the request signature. Ideally you
// should pass in the username of the user *being requested*, so that the remote
// server can decide how to handle the request based on who's making it. Ie., if
// the request on this server is for https://example.org/users/some_username then
// you should pass in the username 'some_username'. The remote server will then
// know that this is the user making the dereferencing request, and they can decide
// to allow or deny the request depending on their settings.
//
// This function will handle dereferencing and storage of any new remote accounts
// and / or instances. The returned PubKeyAuth{}.Owner account will ONLY ever be
// nil in the case that there is an ongoing handshake involving this account.
//
// Note that it is also valid to pass in an empty string here, in which case the
// keys of the instance account will be used.
func (f *Federator) AuthenticateFederatedRequest(ctx context.Context, requestedUsername string) (*PubKeyAuth, gtserror.WithCode) {
// Thanks to the signature check middleware,
// we should already have an http signature
// verifier set on the context. If we don't,
// this is an unsigned request.
verifier := gtscontext.HTTPSignatureVerifier(ctx)
if verifier == nil {
err := gtserror.Newf("%w", errUnsigned)
errWithCode := gtserror.NewErrorUnauthorized(err, errUnsigned.Error(), "(verifier)")
return nil, errWithCode
}
// We should have the signature itself set too.
signature := gtscontext.HTTPSignature(ctx)
if signature == "" {
err := gtserror.Newf("%w", errUnsigned)
errWithCode := gtserror.NewErrorUnauthorized(err, errUnsigned.Error(), "(signature)")
return nil, errWithCode
}
// And finally the public key ID URI.
pubKeyID := gtscontext.HTTPSignaturePubKeyID(ctx)
if pubKeyID == nil {
err := gtserror.Newf("%w", errUnsigned)
errWithCode := gtserror.NewErrorUnauthorized(err, errUnsigned.Error(), "(pubKeyID)")
return nil, errWithCode
}
// At this point we know the request was signed,
// so now we need to validate the signature.
var (
pubKeyIDStr = pubKeyID.String()
isLocal = (pubKeyID.Host == config.GetHost())
pubKeyAuth *PubKeyAuth
errWithCode gtserror.WithCode
)
l := log.
WithContext(ctx).
WithFields(kv.Fields{
{"requestedUsername", requestedUsername},
{"pubKeyID", pubKeyIDStr},
}...)
if isLocal {
l.Trace("public key is local, no dereference needed")
pubKeyAuth, errWithCode = f.derefPubKeyDBOnly(ctx, pubKeyIDStr)
} else {
l.Trace("public key is remote, checking if we need to dereference")
pubKeyAuth, errWithCode = f.derefPubKey(ctx, requestedUsername, pubKeyIDStr, pubKeyID)
}
if errWithCode != nil {
return nil, errWithCode
}
if isLocal && pubKeyAuth == nil {
// We signed this request, apparently, but
// local lookup didn't find anything. This
// is an almost impossible error condition!
err := gtserror.Newf("local public key %s could not be found; "+
"has the account been manually removed from the db?", pubKeyIDStr)
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorInternalError(err)
}
// Attempt to verify auth with both fetched and cached keys.
if !verifyAuth(&l, verifier, pubKeyAuth.CachedPubKey) &&
!verifyAuth(&l, verifier, pubKeyAuth.FetchedPubKey) {
const format = "authentication NOT PASSED for public key %s; tried algorithms %+v; signature value was '%s'"
text := fmt.Sprintf(format, pubKeyIDStr, signingAlgorithms, signature)
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorUnauthorized(errors.New(text), text)
}
if pubKeyAuth.Owner == nil {
// Ensure we have instance stored in
// database for the account at URI.
err := f.fetchAccountInstance(ctx,
requestedUsername,
pubKeyAuth.OwnerURI,
)
if err != nil {
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorInternalError(err)
}
// If we're currently handshaking with another instance, return
// without derefing the owner, the only possible time we do this.
// This prevents deadlocks when GTS instances mutually deref.
if f.Handshaking(requestedUsername, pubKeyAuth.OwnerURI) {
log.Warnf(ctx, "network race during %s handshake", pubKeyAuth.OwnerURI)
pubKeyAuth.Handshaking = true
return pubKeyAuth, nil
}
// Dereference the account located at owner URI.
pubKeyAuth.Owner, _, err = f.GetAccountByURI(ctx,
requestedUsername,
pubKeyAuth.OwnerURI,
)
if err != nil {
if gtserror.StatusCode(err) == http.StatusGone {
// This can happen here instead of the pubkey 'gone'
// checks due to: the server sending account deletion
// notifications out, we start processing, the request above
// succeeds, and *then* the profile is removed and starts
// returning 410 Gone, at which point _this_ request fails.
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorGone(err)
}
err := gtserror.Newf("error dereferencing account %s: %w", pubKeyAuth.OwnerURI, err)
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorInternalError(err)
}
// Catch a possible (but very rare) race condition where
// we've fetched a key, then fetched the Actor who owns the
// key, but the Key of the Actor has changed in the meantime.
if !pubKeyAuth.Owner.PublicKey.Equal(pubKeyAuth.FetchedPubKey) {
err := gtserror.Newf(
"key mismatch: fetched key %s does not match pubkey of fetched Actor %s",
pubKeyID, pubKeyAuth.Owner.URI,
)
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorUnauthorized(err)
}
}
if !pubKeyAuth.Owner.SuspendedAt.IsZero() {
const text = "requesting account suspended"
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorForbidden(errors.New(text))
}
return pubKeyAuth, nil
}
// derefPubKeyDBOnly tries to dereference the given
// pubKey using only entries already in the database.
//
// In case of a db or URL error, will return the error.
//
// In case an entry for the pubKey owner just doesn't
// exist in the db (yet), will return nil, nil.
func (f *Federator) derefPubKeyDBOnly(
ctx context.Context,
pubKeyIDStr string,
) (
*PubKeyAuth,
gtserror.WithCode,
) {
// Look for pubkey ID owner in the database.
owner, err := f.db.GetAccountByPubkeyID(ctx, pubKeyIDStr)
if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, db.ErrNoEntries) {
err = gtserror.Newf("db error getting account with pubKeyID %s: %w", pubKeyIDStr, err)
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorInternalError(err)
}
if owner == nil {
// We don't have this
// account stored (yet).
return nil, nil
}
// Parse owner account URI as URL obj.
ownerURI, err := url.Parse(owner.URI)
if err != nil {
err := gtserror.Newf("error parsing account uri with pubKeyID %s: %w", pubKeyIDStr, err)
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorInternalError(err)
}
return &PubKeyAuth{
CachedPubKey: owner.PublicKey,
OwnerURI: ownerURI,
Owner: owner,
}, nil
}
// derefPubKey tries to dereference the given public key by first
// checking in the database, and then (if no entry found, or entry
// found but pubKey expired) calling the remote pub key URI and
// extracting the key.
func (f *Federator) derefPubKey(
ctx context.Context,
requestedUsername string,
pubKeyIDStr string,
pubKeyID *url.URL,
) (
*PubKeyAuth,
gtserror.WithCode,
) {
l := log.
WithContext(ctx).
WithFields(kv.Fields{
{"requestedUsername", requestedUsername},
{"pubKeyID", pubKeyIDStr},
}...)
// Try a database only deref first. We may already
// have the requesting account cached locally.
pubKeyAuth, errWithCode := f.derefPubKeyDBOnly(ctx, pubKeyIDStr)
if errWithCode != nil {
return nil, errWithCode
}
var (
// Just haven't seen this
// Actor + their pubkey yet.
uncached = (pubKeyAuth == nil)
// Have seen this Actor + their
// pubkey but latter is now expired.
expired = (!uncached && pubKeyAuth.Owner.PubKeyExpired())
)
switch {
case uncached:
l.Trace("public key was not cached, trying dereference of public key")
case !expired:
l.Trace("public key cached and up to date, no dereference needed")
return pubKeyAuth, nil
case expired:
// This is fairly rare and it may be helpful for
// admins to see what's going on, so log at info.
l.Infof(
"public key was cached, but expired at %s, trying dereference of new public key",
pubKeyAuth.Owner.PublicKeyExpiresAt,
)
}
// If we've tried to get this account before and we
// now have a tombstone for it (ie., it's been deleted
// from remote), don't try to dereference it again.
gone, err := f.CheckGone(ctx, pubKeyID)
if err != nil {
err := gtserror.Newf("error checking for tombstone (%s): %w", pubKeyIDStr, err)
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorInternalError(err)
}
if gone {
err := gtserror.Newf("account with public key is gone (%s)", pubKeyIDStr)
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorGone(err)
}
// Make an http call to get the (refreshed) pubkey.
pubKeyBytes, errWithCode := f.callForPubKey(ctx, requestedUsername, pubKeyID)
if errWithCode != nil {
return nil, errWithCode
}
// Extract the key and the owner from the response.
pubKey, pubKeyOwner, err := parsePubKeyBytes(ctx, pubKeyBytes, pubKeyID)
if err != nil {
err := gtserror.Newf("error parsing public key (%s): %w", pubKeyID, err)
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorUnauthorized(err)
}
if !expired {
// PubKeyResponse was nil before because
// we had nothing cached; return the key
// we just fetched, and nothing else.
return &PubKeyAuth{
FetchedPubKey: pubKey,
OwnerURI: pubKeyOwner,
}, nil
}
// Add newly-fetched key to response.
pubKeyAuth.FetchedPubKey = pubKey
// If key was expired, that means we already
// had an owner stored for it locally. Since
// we now successfully refreshed the pub key,
// we should update the account to reflect that.
owner := pubKeyAuth.Owner
owner.PublicKey = pubKeyAuth.FetchedPubKey
owner.PublicKeyExpiresAt = time.Time{}
if err := f.db.UpdateAccount(
ctx,
owner,
"public_key",
"public_key_expires_at",
); err != nil {
err := gtserror.Newf("db error updating account with refreshed public key (%s): %w", pubKeyIDStr, err)
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorInternalError(err)
}
l.Info("obtained new public key to replace expired; attempting auth with old / new")
// Return both new and cached (now
// expired) keys, authentication
// will be attempted with both.
return pubKeyAuth, nil
}
// callForPubKey handles the nitty gritty of actually
// making a request for the given pubKeyID with a
// transport created on behalf of requestedUsername.
func (f *Federator) callForPubKey(
ctx context.Context,
requestedUsername string,
pubKeyID *url.URL,
) ([]byte, gtserror.WithCode) {
// Use a transport to dereference the remote.
trans, err := f.transportController.NewTransportForUsername(
// We're on a hot path: don't retry if req fails.
gtscontext.SetFastFail(ctx),
requestedUsername,
)
if err != nil {
err = gtserror.Newf("error creating transport for %s: %w", requestedUsername, err)
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorInternalError(err)
}
// The actual http call to the remote server is
// made right here by the Dereference function.
rsp, err := trans.Dereference(ctx, pubKeyID)
if err == nil {
// Read the response body data.
b, err := io.ReadAll(rsp.Body)
_ = rsp.Body.Close() // done
if err != nil {
err := gtserror.Newf("error reading pubkey: %w", err)
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorInternalError(err)
}
return b, nil
}
if gtserror.StatusCode(err) == http.StatusGone {
// 410 indicates remote public key no longer exists
// (account deleted, moved, etc). Add a tombstone
// to our database so that we can avoid trying to
// dereference it in future.
if err := f.HandleGone(ctx, pubKeyID); err != nil {
err := gtserror.Newf("error marking public key %s as gone: %w", pubKeyID, err)
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorInternalError(err)
}
err := gtserror.Newf("account with public key %s is gone", pubKeyID)
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorGone(err)
}
// Fall back to generic error.
err = gtserror.Newf("error dereferencing public key %s: %w", pubKeyID, err)
return nil, gtserror.NewErrorInternalError(err)
}
// fetchAccountInstance ensures that an instance model exists in
// the database for the given account URI, deref'ing if necessary.
func (f *Federator) fetchAccountInstance(
ctx context.Context,
requestedUsername string,
accountURI *url.URL,
) error {
// Look for an existing entry for instance in database.
instance, err := f.db.GetInstance(ctx, accountURI.Host)
if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, db.ErrNoEntries) {
return gtserror.Newf("error getting instance from database: %w", err)
}
if instance != nil {
// already fetched.
return nil
}
// We don't have an entry for this
// instance yet; go dereference it.
instance, err = f.GetRemoteInstance(
gtscontext.SetFastFail(ctx),
requestedUsername,
&url.URL{
Scheme: accountURI.Scheme,
Host: accountURI.Host,
},
)
if err != nil {
return gtserror.Newf("error dereferencing instance %s: %w", accountURI.Host, err)
}
// Insert new instance into the datbase.
err = f.db.PutInstance(ctx, instance)
if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, db.ErrAlreadyExists) {
return gtserror.Newf("error inserting instance %s into database: %w", accountURI.Host, err)
}
return nil
}
// parsePubKeyBytes extracts an rsa public key from the
// given pubKeyBytes by trying to parse the pubKeyBytes
// as an ActivityPub type. It will return the public key
// itself, and the URI of the public key owner.
func parsePubKeyBytes(
ctx context.Context,
pubKeyBytes []byte,
pubKeyID *url.URL,
) (*rsa.PublicKey, *url.URL, error) {
m := make(map[string]interface{})
if err := json.Unmarshal(pubKeyBytes, &m); err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
var (
pubKey *rsa.PublicKey
ownerURI *url.URL
)
if t, err := streams.ToType(ctx, m); err == nil {
// See if Actor with a PublicKey attached.
wpk, ok := t.(ap.WithPublicKey)
if !ok {
return nil, nil, gtserror.Newf(
"resource at %s with type %T did not contain recognizable public key",
pubKeyID, t,
)
}
pubKey, _, ownerURI, err = ap.ExtractPubKeyFromActor(wpk)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, gtserror.Newf(
"error extracting public key from %T at %s: %w",
t, pubKeyID, err,
)
}
} else if pk, err := typepublickey.DeserializePublicKey(m, nil); err == nil {
// Bare PublicKey.
pubKey, _, ownerURI, err = ap.ExtractPubKeyFromKey(pk)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, gtserror.Newf(
"error extracting public key at %s: %w",
pubKeyID, err,
)
}
} else {
return nil, nil, gtserror.Newf(
"resource at %s did not contain recognizable public key",
pubKeyID,
)
}
return pubKey, ownerURI, nil
}
var signingAlgorithms = []httpsig.Algorithm{
httpsig.RSA_SHA256, // Prefer common RSA_SHA256.
httpsig.RSA_SHA512, // Fall back to less common RSA_SHA512.
httpsig.ED25519, // Try ED25519 as a long shot.
}
// Cheeky type to wrap a signing option with a
// description of that option for logging purposes.
type signingOption struct {
desc string // Description of this options set.
sigOpt httpsig.SignatureOption // The options themselves.
}
var signingOptions = []signingOption{
{
// Prefer include query params.
desc: "include query params",
sigOpt: httpsig.SignatureOption{
ExcludeQueryStringFromPathPseudoHeader: false,
},
},
{
// Fall back to exclude query params.
desc: "exclude query params",
sigOpt: httpsig.SignatureOption{
ExcludeQueryStringFromPathPseudoHeader: true,
},
},
}
// verifyAuth verifies auth using generated verifier,
// according to pubkey, our supported signing algorithms,
// and signature options. The loops in the function are
// arranged in such a way that the most common combos are
// tried first, so that we can hopefully succeed quickly
// without wasting too many CPU cycles.
func verifyAuth(
l *log.Entry,
verifier httpsig.VerifierWithOptions,
pubKey *rsa.PublicKey,
) bool {
if pubKey == nil {
return false
}
// Loop through supported algorithms.
for _, algo := range signingAlgorithms {
// Loop through signing options.
for _, opt := range signingOptions {
// Try to verify according to this pubkey,
// algo, and signing options combination.
err := verifier.VerifyWithOptions(pubKey, algo, opt.sigOpt)
if err != nil {
l.Tracef("authentication NOT PASSED with %s (%s): %v", algo, opt.desc, err)
continue
}
l.Tracef("authenticated PASSED with %s (%s)", algo, opt.desc)
return true
}
}
return false
}