postgresql/src/test/regress/expected/join.out

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--
-- JOIN
-- Test JOIN clauses
--
CREATE TABLE J1_TBL (
1999-02-23 08:27:13 +01:00
i integer,
j integer,
t text
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);
CREATE TABLE J2_TBL (
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i integer,
k integer
);
INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (1, 4, 'one');
INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (2, 3, 'two');
INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (3, 2, 'three');
INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (4, 1, 'four');
INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (5, 0, 'five');
INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (6, 6, 'six');
INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (7, 7, 'seven');
INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (8, 8, 'eight');
INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (0, NULL, 'zero');
INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (NULL, NULL, 'null');
INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (NULL, 0, 'zero');
INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (1, -1);
INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (2, 2);
INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (3, -3);
INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (2, 4);
INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (5, -5);
INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (5, -5);
INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (0, NULL);
INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (NULL, 0);
--
-- CORRELATION NAMES
-- Make sure that table/column aliases are supported
-- before diving into more complex join syntax.
--
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL AS tx;
xxx | i | j | t
-----+---+---+-------
| 1 | 4 | one
| 2 | 3 | two
| 3 | 2 | three
| 4 | 1 | four
| 5 | 0 | five
| 6 | 6 | six
| 7 | 7 | seven
| 8 | 8 | eight
| 0 | | zero
| | | null
| | 0 | zero
(11 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL tx;
xxx | i | j | t
-----+---+---+-------
| 1 | 4 | one
| 2 | 3 | two
| 3 | 2 | three
| 4 | 1 | four
| 5 | 0 | five
| 6 | 6 | six
| 7 | 7 | seven
| 8 | 8 | eight
| 0 | | zero
| | | null
| | 0 | zero
(11 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL AS t1 (a, b, c);
xxx | a | b | c
-----+---+---+-------
| 1 | 4 | one
| 2 | 3 | two
| 3 | 2 | three
| 4 | 1 | four
| 5 | 0 | five
| 6 | 6 | six
| 7 | 7 | seven
| 8 | 8 | eight
| 0 | | zero
| | | null
| | 0 | zero
(11 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c);
xxx | a | b | c
-----+---+---+-------
| 1 | 4 | one
| 2 | 3 | two
| 3 | 2 | three
| 4 | 1 | four
| 5 | 0 | five
| 6 | 6 | six
| 7 | 7 | seven
| 8 | 8 | eight
| 0 | | zero
| | | null
| | 0 | zero
(11 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c), J2_TBL t2 (d, e);
xxx | a | b | c | d | e
-----+---+---+-------+---+----
| 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1
| 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1
| 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1
| 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1
| 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1
| 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1
| 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1
| 0 | | zero | 1 | -1
| | | null | 1 | -1
| | 0 | zero | 1 | -1
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 2
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 2
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 2
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 2
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 2
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 2
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 2
| | | null | 2 | 2
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 2
| 1 | 4 | one | 3 | -3
| 2 | 3 | two | 3 | -3
| 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3
| 4 | 1 | four | 3 | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | 3 | -3
| 6 | 6 | six | 3 | -3
| 7 | 7 | seven | 3 | -3
| 8 | 8 | eight | 3 | -3
| 0 | | zero | 3 | -3
| | | null | 3 | -3
| | 0 | zero | 3 | -3
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 4
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 4
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 4
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 4
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 4
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 4
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 4
| | | null | 2 | 4
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 4
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5
| | | null | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5
| | | null | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 0 |
| 2 | 3 | two | 0 |
| 3 | 2 | three | 0 |
| 4 | 1 | four | 0 |
| 5 | 0 | five | 0 |
| 6 | 6 | six | 0 |
| 7 | 7 | seven | 0 |
| 8 | 8 | eight | 0 |
| 0 | | zero | 0 |
| | | null | 0 |
| | 0 | zero | 0 |
| 1 | 4 | one | |
| 2 | 3 | two | |
| 3 | 2 | three | |
| 4 | 1 | four | |
| 5 | 0 | five | |
| 6 | 6 | six | |
| 7 | 7 | seven | |
| 8 | 8 | eight | |
| 0 | | zero | |
| | | null | |
| | 0 | zero | |
| 1 | 4 | one | | 0
| 2 | 3 | two | | 0
| 3 | 2 | three | | 0
| 4 | 1 | four | | 0
| 5 | 0 | five | | 0
| 6 | 6 | six | | 0
| 7 | 7 | seven | | 0
| 8 | 8 | eight | | 0
| 0 | | zero | | 0
| | | null | | 0
| | 0 | zero | | 0
(99 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", t1.a, t2.e
FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c), J2_TBL t2 (d, e)
WHERE t1.a = t2.d;
xxx | a | e
-----+---+----
| 0 |
| 1 | -1
| 2 | 2
| 2 | 4
| 3 | -3
| 5 | -5
| 5 | -5
(7 rows)
--
-- CROSS JOIN
-- Qualifications are not allowed on cross joins,
-- which degenerate into a standard unqualified inner join.
--
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL CROSS JOIN J2_TBL;
xxx | i | j | t | i | k
-----+---+---+-------+---+----
| 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1
| 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1
| 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1
| 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1
| 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1
| 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1
| 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1
| 0 | | zero | 1 | -1
| | | null | 1 | -1
| | 0 | zero | 1 | -1
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 2
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 2
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 2
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 2
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 2
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 2
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 2
| | | null | 2 | 2
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 2
| 1 | 4 | one | 3 | -3
| 2 | 3 | two | 3 | -3
| 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3
| 4 | 1 | four | 3 | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | 3 | -3
| 6 | 6 | six | 3 | -3
| 7 | 7 | seven | 3 | -3
| 8 | 8 | eight | 3 | -3
| 0 | | zero | 3 | -3
| | | null | 3 | -3
| | 0 | zero | 3 | -3
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 4
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 4
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 4
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 4
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 4
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 4
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 4
| | | null | 2 | 4
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 4
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5
| | | null | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5
| | | null | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 0 |
| 2 | 3 | two | 0 |
| 3 | 2 | three | 0 |
| 4 | 1 | four | 0 |
| 5 | 0 | five | 0 |
| 6 | 6 | six | 0 |
| 7 | 7 | seven | 0 |
| 8 | 8 | eight | 0 |
| 0 | | zero | 0 |
| | | null | 0 |
| | 0 | zero | 0 |
| 1 | 4 | one | |
| 2 | 3 | two | |
| 3 | 2 | three | |
| 4 | 1 | four | |
| 5 | 0 | five | |
| 6 | 6 | six | |
| 7 | 7 | seven | |
| 8 | 8 | eight | |
| 0 | | zero | |
| | | null | |
| | 0 | zero | |
| 1 | 4 | one | | 0
| 2 | 3 | two | | 0
| 3 | 2 | three | | 0
| 4 | 1 | four | | 0
| 5 | 0 | five | | 0
| 6 | 6 | six | | 0
| 7 | 7 | seven | | 0
| 8 | 8 | eight | | 0
| 0 | | zero | | 0
| | | null | | 0
| | 0 | zero | | 0
(99 rows)
1999-02-23 08:27:13 +01:00
-- ambiguous column
SELECT '' AS "xxx", i, k, t
FROM J1_TBL CROSS JOIN J2_TBL;
ERROR: column reference "i" is ambiguous
LINE 1: SELECT '' AS "xxx", i, k, t
^
-- resolve previous ambiguity by specifying the table name
SELECT '' AS "xxx", t1.i, k, t
FROM J1_TBL t1 CROSS JOIN J2_TBL t2;
xxx | i | k | t
-----+---+----+-------
| 1 | -1 | one
| 2 | -1 | two
| 3 | -1 | three
| 4 | -1 | four
| 5 | -1 | five
| 6 | -1 | six
| 7 | -1 | seven
| 8 | -1 | eight
| 0 | -1 | zero
| | -1 | null
| | -1 | zero
| 1 | 2 | one
| 2 | 2 | two
| 3 | 2 | three
| 4 | 2 | four
| 5 | 2 | five
| 6 | 2 | six
| 7 | 2 | seven
| 8 | 2 | eight
| 0 | 2 | zero
| | 2 | null
| | 2 | zero
| 1 | -3 | one
| 2 | -3 | two
| 3 | -3 | three
| 4 | -3 | four
| 5 | -3 | five
| 6 | -3 | six
| 7 | -3 | seven
| 8 | -3 | eight
| 0 | -3 | zero
| | -3 | null
| | -3 | zero
| 1 | 4 | one
| 2 | 4 | two
| 3 | 4 | three
| 4 | 4 | four
| 5 | 4 | five
| 6 | 4 | six
| 7 | 4 | seven
| 8 | 4 | eight
| 0 | 4 | zero
| | 4 | null
| | 4 | zero
| 1 | -5 | one
| 2 | -5 | two
| 3 | -5 | three
| 4 | -5 | four
| 5 | -5 | five
| 6 | -5 | six
| 7 | -5 | seven
| 8 | -5 | eight
| 0 | -5 | zero
| | -5 | null
| | -5 | zero
| 1 | -5 | one
| 2 | -5 | two
| 3 | -5 | three
| 4 | -5 | four
| 5 | -5 | five
| 6 | -5 | six
| 7 | -5 | seven
| 8 | -5 | eight
| 0 | -5 | zero
| | -5 | null
| | -5 | zero
| 1 | | one
| 2 | | two
| 3 | | three
| 4 | | four
| 5 | | five
| 6 | | six
| 7 | | seven
| 8 | | eight
| 0 | | zero
| | | null
| | | zero
| 1 | | one
| 2 | | two
| 3 | | three
| 4 | | four
| 5 | | five
| 6 | | six
| 7 | | seven
| 8 | | eight
| 0 | | zero
| | | null
| | | zero
| 1 | 0 | one
| 2 | 0 | two
| 3 | 0 | three
| 4 | 0 | four
| 5 | 0 | five
| 6 | 0 | six
| 7 | 0 | seven
| 8 | 0 | eight
| 0 | 0 | zero
| | 0 | null
| | 0 | zero
(99 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", ii, tt, kk
FROM (J1_TBL CROSS JOIN J2_TBL)
AS tx (ii, jj, tt, ii2, kk);
xxx | ii | tt | kk
-----+----+-------+----
| 1 | one | -1
| 2 | two | -1
| 3 | three | -1
| 4 | four | -1
| 5 | five | -1
| 6 | six | -1
| 7 | seven | -1
| 8 | eight | -1
| 0 | zero | -1
| | null | -1
| | zero | -1
| 1 | one | 2
| 2 | two | 2
| 3 | three | 2
| 4 | four | 2
| 5 | five | 2
| 6 | six | 2
| 7 | seven | 2
| 8 | eight | 2
| 0 | zero | 2
| | null | 2
| | zero | 2
| 1 | one | -3
| 2 | two | -3
| 3 | three | -3
| 4 | four | -3
| 5 | five | -3
| 6 | six | -3
| 7 | seven | -3
| 8 | eight | -3
| 0 | zero | -3
| | null | -3
| | zero | -3
| 1 | one | 4
| 2 | two | 4
| 3 | three | 4
| 4 | four | 4
| 5 | five | 4
| 6 | six | 4
| 7 | seven | 4
| 8 | eight | 4
| 0 | zero | 4
| | null | 4
| | zero | 4
| 1 | one | -5
| 2 | two | -5
| 3 | three | -5
| 4 | four | -5
| 5 | five | -5
| 6 | six | -5
| 7 | seven | -5
| 8 | eight | -5
| 0 | zero | -5
| | null | -5
| | zero | -5
| 1 | one | -5
| 2 | two | -5
| 3 | three | -5
| 4 | four | -5
| 5 | five | -5
| 6 | six | -5
| 7 | seven | -5
| 8 | eight | -5
| 0 | zero | -5
| | null | -5
| | zero | -5
| 1 | one |
| 2 | two |
| 3 | three |
| 4 | four |
| 5 | five |
| 6 | six |
| 7 | seven |
| 8 | eight |
| 0 | zero |
| | null |
| | zero |
| 1 | one |
| 2 | two |
| 3 | three |
| 4 | four |
| 5 | five |
| 6 | six |
| 7 | seven |
| 8 | eight |
| 0 | zero |
| | null |
| | zero |
| 1 | one | 0
| 2 | two | 0
| 3 | three | 0
| 4 | four | 0
| 5 | five | 0
| 6 | six | 0
| 7 | seven | 0
| 8 | eight | 0
| 0 | zero | 0
| | null | 0
| | zero | 0
(99 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", tx.ii, tx.jj, tx.kk
FROM (J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) CROSS JOIN J2_TBL t2 (d, e))
AS tx (ii, jj, tt, ii2, kk);
xxx | ii | jj | kk
-----+----+----+----
| 1 | 4 | -1
| 2 | 3 | -1
| 3 | 2 | -1
| 4 | 1 | -1
| 5 | 0 | -1
| 6 | 6 | -1
| 7 | 7 | -1
| 8 | 8 | -1
| 0 | | -1
| | | -1
| | 0 | -1
| 1 | 4 | 2
| 2 | 3 | 2
| 3 | 2 | 2
| 4 | 1 | 2
| 5 | 0 | 2
| 6 | 6 | 2
| 7 | 7 | 2
| 8 | 8 | 2
| 0 | | 2
| | | 2
| | 0 | 2
| 1 | 4 | -3
| 2 | 3 | -3
| 3 | 2 | -3
| 4 | 1 | -3
| 5 | 0 | -3
| 6 | 6 | -3
| 7 | 7 | -3
| 8 | 8 | -3
| 0 | | -3
| | | -3
| | 0 | -3
| 1 | 4 | 4
| 2 | 3 | 4
| 3 | 2 | 4
| 4 | 1 | 4
| 5 | 0 | 4
| 6 | 6 | 4
| 7 | 7 | 4
| 8 | 8 | 4
| 0 | | 4
| | | 4
| | 0 | 4
| 1 | 4 | -5
| 2 | 3 | -5
| 3 | 2 | -5
| 4 | 1 | -5
| 5 | 0 | -5
| 6 | 6 | -5
| 7 | 7 | -5
| 8 | 8 | -5
| 0 | | -5
| | | -5
| | 0 | -5
| 1 | 4 | -5
| 2 | 3 | -5
| 3 | 2 | -5
| 4 | 1 | -5
| 5 | 0 | -5
| 6 | 6 | -5
| 7 | 7 | -5
| 8 | 8 | -5
| 0 | | -5
| | | -5
| | 0 | -5
| 1 | 4 |
| 2 | 3 |
| 3 | 2 |
| 4 | 1 |
| 5 | 0 |
| 6 | 6 |
| 7 | 7 |
| 8 | 8 |
| 0 | |
| | |
| | 0 |
| 1 | 4 |
| 2 | 3 |
| 3 | 2 |
| 4 | 1 |
| 5 | 0 |
| 6 | 6 |
| 7 | 7 |
| 8 | 8 |
| 0 | |
| | |
| | 0 |
| 1 | 4 | 0
| 2 | 3 | 0
| 3 | 2 | 0
| 4 | 1 | 0
| 5 | 0 | 0
| 6 | 6 | 0
| 7 | 7 | 0
| 8 | 8 | 0
| 0 | | 0
| | | 0
| | 0 | 0
(99 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL CROSS JOIN J2_TBL a CROSS JOIN J2_TBL b;
xxx | i | j | t | i | k | i | k
-----+---+---+-------+---+----+---+----
| 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1
| 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2
| 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3
| 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4
| 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | 0 |
| 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | |
| 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | | 0
| 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3
| 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4
| 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | 0 |
| 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | |
| 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | | 0
| 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1
| 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2
| 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3
| 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 0 |
| 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | |
| 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | | 0
| 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1
| 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2
| 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3
| 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4
| 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | 0 |
| 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | |
| 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | | 0
| 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1
| 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2
| 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4
| 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | |
| 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | | 0
| 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1
| 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2
| 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3
| 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4
| 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | 0 |
| 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | |
| 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | | 0
| 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1
| 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2
| 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3
| 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4
| 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | 0 |
| 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | |
| 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | | 0
| 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1
| 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2
| 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3
| 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4
| 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | 0 |
| 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | |
| 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | | 0
| 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1
| 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2
| 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3
| 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4
| 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | 0 |
| 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | |
| 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | | 0
| | | null | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1
| | | null | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2
| | | null | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3
| | | null | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4
| | | null | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| | | null | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| | | null | 1 | -1 | 0 |
| | | null | 1 | -1 | |
| | | null | 1 | -1 | | 0
| | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1
| | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2
| | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3
| | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4
| | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | 0 |
| | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | |
| | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | | 0
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2 | |
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2 | | 0
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 | | 0
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 2 | |
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 2 | | 0
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 2 | |
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 2 | | 0
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 2 | |
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 2 | | 0
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 2 | |
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 2 | | 0
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 2 | |
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 2 | | 0
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 2 | |
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 2 | | 0
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 2 | |
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 2 | | 0
| | | null | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1
| | | null | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
| | | null | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3
| | | null | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4
| | | null | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| | | null | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| | | null | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| | | null | 2 | 2 | |
| | | null | 2 | 2 | | 0
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 2 | |
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 2 | | 0
| 1 | 4 | one | 3 | -3 | 1 | -1
| 1 | 4 | one | 3 | -3 | 2 | 2
| 1 | 4 | one | 3 | -3 | 3 | -3
| 1 | 4 | one | 3 | -3 | 2 | 4
| 1 | 4 | one | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 3 | -3 | 0 |
| 1 | 4 | one | 3 | -3 | |
| 1 | 4 | one | 3 | -3 | | 0
| 2 | 3 | two | 3 | -3 | 1 | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 3 | -3 | 2 | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 3 | -3 | 3 | -3
| 2 | 3 | two | 3 | -3 | 2 | 4
| 2 | 3 | two | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 3 | -3 | 0 |
| 2 | 3 | two | 3 | -3 | |
| 2 | 3 | two | 3 | -3 | | 0
| 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3 | 1 | -1
| 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3 | 2 | 2
| 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3 | 3 | -3
| 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3 | 2 | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3 | 0 |
| 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3 | |
| 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3 | | 0
| 4 | 1 | four | 3 | -3 | 1 | -1
| 4 | 1 | four | 3 | -3 | 2 | 2
| 4 | 1 | four | 3 | -3 | 3 | -3
| 4 | 1 | four | 3 | -3 | 2 | 4
| 4 | 1 | four | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 3 | -3 | 0 |
| 4 | 1 | four | 3 | -3 | |
| 4 | 1 | four | 3 | -3 | | 0
| 5 | 0 | five | 3 | -3 | 1 | -1
| 5 | 0 | five | 3 | -3 | 2 | 2
| 5 | 0 | five | 3 | -3 | 3 | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | 3 | -3 | 2 | 4
| 5 | 0 | five | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 3 | -3 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 | five | 3 | -3 | |
| 5 | 0 | five | 3 | -3 | | 0
| 6 | 6 | six | 3 | -3 | 1 | -1
| 6 | 6 | six | 3 | -3 | 2 | 2
| 6 | 6 | six | 3 | -3 | 3 | -3
| 6 | 6 | six | 3 | -3 | 2 | 4
| 6 | 6 | six | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 3 | -3 | 0 |
| 6 | 6 | six | 3 | -3 | |
| 6 | 6 | six | 3 | -3 | | 0
| 7 | 7 | seven | 3 | -3 | 1 | -1
| 7 | 7 | seven | 3 | -3 | 2 | 2
| 7 | 7 | seven | 3 | -3 | 3 | -3
| 7 | 7 | seven | 3 | -3 | 2 | 4
| 7 | 7 | seven | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 3 | -3 | 0 |
| 7 | 7 | seven | 3 | -3 | |
| 7 | 7 | seven | 3 | -3 | | 0
| 8 | 8 | eight | 3 | -3 | 1 | -1
| 8 | 8 | eight | 3 | -3 | 2 | 2
| 8 | 8 | eight | 3 | -3 | 3 | -3
| 8 | 8 | eight | 3 | -3 | 2 | 4
| 8 | 8 | eight | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 3 | -3 | 0 |
| 8 | 8 | eight | 3 | -3 | |
| 8 | 8 | eight | 3 | -3 | | 0
| 0 | | zero | 3 | -3 | 1 | -1
| 0 | | zero | 3 | -3 | 2 | 2
| 0 | | zero | 3 | -3 | 3 | -3
| 0 | | zero | 3 | -3 | 2 | 4
| 0 | | zero | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 3 | -3 | 0 |
| 0 | | zero | 3 | -3 | |
| 0 | | zero | 3 | -3 | | 0
| | | null | 3 | -3 | 1 | -1
| | | null | 3 | -3 | 2 | 2
| | | null | 3 | -3 | 3 | -3
| | | null | 3 | -3 | 2 | 4
| | | null | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| | | null | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| | | null | 3 | -3 | 0 |
| | | null | 3 | -3 | |
| | | null | 3 | -3 | | 0
| | 0 | zero | 3 | -3 | 1 | -1
| | 0 | zero | 3 | -3 | 2 | 2
| | 0 | zero | 3 | -3 | 3 | -3
| | 0 | zero | 3 | -3 | 2 | 4
| | 0 | zero | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 3 | -3 | 0 |
| | 0 | zero | 3 | -3 | |
| | 0 | zero | 3 | -3 | | 0
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 4 | 1 | -1
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 4 | 3 | -3
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 4 | |
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 4 | | 0
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 4 | 1 | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 4 | 3 | -3
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 4 | |
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 4 | | 0
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 4 | 1 | -1
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 4 | 3 | -3
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 4 | |
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 4 | | 0
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4 | 1 | -1
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4 | 3 | -3
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4 | |
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4 | | 0
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 4 | 1 | -1
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 4 | 3 | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 4 | |
| 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 4 | | 0
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 4 | 1 | -1
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 4 | 3 | -3
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 4 | |
| 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 4 | | 0
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 4 | 1 | -1
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 4 | 3 | -3
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 4 | |
| 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 4 | | 0
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 4 | 1 | -1
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 4 | 3 | -3
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 4 | |
| 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 4 | | 0
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 4 | 1 | -1
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 4 | 3 | -3
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 4 | |
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 4 | | 0
| | | null | 2 | 4 | 1 | -1
| | | null | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2
| | | null | 2 | 4 | 3 | -3
| | | null | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4
| | | null | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| | | null | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| | | null | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| | | null | 2 | 4 | |
| | | null | 2 | 4 | | 0
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 4 | 1 | -1
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 4 | 3 | -3
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 4 | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 4 | |
| | 0 | zero | 2 | 4 | | 0
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | |
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | |
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | |
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | |
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | |
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | |
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | |
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | |
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | |
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | | 0
| | | null | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| | | null | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| | | null | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| | | null | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| | | null | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| | | null | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| | | null | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| | | null | 5 | -5 | |
| | | null | 5 | -5 | | 0
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | |
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | |
| 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | |
| 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | |
| 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | |
| 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | |
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | |
| 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | |
| 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | |
| 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | |
| 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | | 0
| | | null | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| | | null | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| | | null | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| | | null | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| | | null | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| | | null | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| | | null | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| | | null | 5 | -5 | |
| | | null | 5 | -5 | | 0
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | 2 | 2
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | 2 | 4
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | 0 |
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | |
| | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | | 0
| 1 | 4 | one | 0 | | 1 | -1
| 1 | 4 | one | 0 | | 2 | 2
| 1 | 4 | one | 0 | | 3 | -3
| 1 | 4 | one | 0 | | 2 | 4
| 1 | 4 | one | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | 0 | | 0 |
| 1 | 4 | one | 0 | | |
| 1 | 4 | one | 0 | | | 0
| 2 | 3 | two | 0 | | 1 | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 0 | | 2 | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 0 | | 3 | -3
| 2 | 3 | two | 0 | | 2 | 4
| 2 | 3 | two | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | 0 | | 0 |
| 2 | 3 | two | 0 | | |
| 2 | 3 | two | 0 | | | 0
| 3 | 2 | three | 0 | | 1 | -1
| 3 | 2 | three | 0 | | 2 | 2
| 3 | 2 | three | 0 | | 3 | -3
| 3 | 2 | three | 0 | | 2 | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | 0 | | 0 |
| 3 | 2 | three | 0 | | |
| 3 | 2 | three | 0 | | | 0
| 4 | 1 | four | 0 | | 1 | -1
| 4 | 1 | four | 0 | | 2 | 2
| 4 | 1 | four | 0 | | 3 | -3
| 4 | 1 | four | 0 | | 2 | 4
| 4 | 1 | four | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | 0 | | 0 |
| 4 | 1 | four | 0 | | |
| 4 | 1 | four | 0 | | | 0
| 5 | 0 | five | 0 | | 1 | -1
| 5 | 0 | five | 0 | | 2 | 2
| 5 | 0 | five | 0 | | 3 | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | 0 | | 2 | 4
| 5 | 0 | five | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 0 | | 0 |
| 5 | 0 | five | 0 | | |
| 5 | 0 | five | 0 | | | 0
| 6 | 6 | six | 0 | | 1 | -1
| 6 | 6 | six | 0 | | 2 | 2
| 6 | 6 | six | 0 | | 3 | -3
| 6 | 6 | six | 0 | | 2 | 4
| 6 | 6 | six | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | 0 | | 0 |
| 6 | 6 | six | 0 | | |
| 6 | 6 | six | 0 | | | 0
| 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | | 1 | -1
| 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | | 2 | 2
| 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | | 3 | -3
| 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | | 2 | 4
| 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | | 0 |
| 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | | |
| 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | | | 0
| 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | | 1 | -1
| 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | | 2 | 2
| 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | | 3 | -3
| 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | | 2 | 4
| 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | | 0 |
| 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | | |
| 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | | | 0
| 0 | | zero | 0 | | 1 | -1
| 0 | | zero | 0 | | 2 | 2
| 0 | | zero | 0 | | 3 | -3
| 0 | | zero | 0 | | 2 | 4
| 0 | | zero | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 0 | | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | 0 | | 0 |
| 0 | | zero | 0 | | |
| 0 | | zero | 0 | | | 0
| | | null | 0 | | 1 | -1
| | | null | 0 | | 2 | 2
| | | null | 0 | | 3 | -3
| | | null | 0 | | 2 | 4
| | | null | 0 | | 5 | -5
| | | null | 0 | | 5 | -5
| | | null | 0 | | 0 |
| | | null | 0 | | |
| | | null | 0 | | | 0
| | 0 | zero | 0 | | 1 | -1
| | 0 | zero | 0 | | 2 | 2
| | 0 | zero | 0 | | 3 | -3
| | 0 | zero | 0 | | 2 | 4
| | 0 | zero | 0 | | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 0 | | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | 0 | | 0 |
| | 0 | zero | 0 | | |
| | 0 | zero | 0 | | | 0
| 1 | 4 | one | | | 1 | -1
| 1 | 4 | one | | | 2 | 2
| 1 | 4 | one | | | 3 | -3
| 1 | 4 | one | | | 2 | 4
| 1 | 4 | one | | | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | | | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | | | 0 |
| 1 | 4 | one | | | |
| 1 | 4 | one | | | | 0
| 2 | 3 | two | | | 1 | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | | | 2 | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | | | 3 | -3
| 2 | 3 | two | | | 2 | 4
| 2 | 3 | two | | | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | | | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | | | 0 |
| 2 | 3 | two | | | |
| 2 | 3 | two | | | | 0
| 3 | 2 | three | | | 1 | -1
| 3 | 2 | three | | | 2 | 2
| 3 | 2 | three | | | 3 | -3
| 3 | 2 | three | | | 2 | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | | | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | | | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | | | 0 |
| 3 | 2 | three | | | |
| 3 | 2 | three | | | | 0
| 4 | 1 | four | | | 1 | -1
| 4 | 1 | four | | | 2 | 2
| 4 | 1 | four | | | 3 | -3
| 4 | 1 | four | | | 2 | 4
| 4 | 1 | four | | | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | | | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | | | 0 |
| 4 | 1 | four | | | |
| 4 | 1 | four | | | | 0
| 5 | 0 | five | | | 1 | -1
| 5 | 0 | five | | | 2 | 2
| 5 | 0 | five | | | 3 | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | | | 2 | 4
| 5 | 0 | five | | | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | | | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | | | 0 |
| 5 | 0 | five | | | |
| 5 | 0 | five | | | | 0
| 6 | 6 | six | | | 1 | -1
| 6 | 6 | six | | | 2 | 2
| 6 | 6 | six | | | 3 | -3
| 6 | 6 | six | | | 2 | 4
| 6 | 6 | six | | | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | | | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | | | 0 |
| 6 | 6 | six | | | |
| 6 | 6 | six | | | | 0
| 7 | 7 | seven | | | 1 | -1
| 7 | 7 | seven | | | 2 | 2
| 7 | 7 | seven | | | 3 | -3
| 7 | 7 | seven | | | 2 | 4
| 7 | 7 | seven | | | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | | | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | | | 0 |
| 7 | 7 | seven | | | |
| 7 | 7 | seven | | | | 0
| 8 | 8 | eight | | | 1 | -1
| 8 | 8 | eight | | | 2 | 2
| 8 | 8 | eight | | | 3 | -3
| 8 | 8 | eight | | | 2 | 4
| 8 | 8 | eight | | | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | | | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | | | 0 |
| 8 | 8 | eight | | | |
| 8 | 8 | eight | | | | 0
| 0 | | zero | | | 1 | -1
| 0 | | zero | | | 2 | 2
| 0 | | zero | | | 3 | -3
| 0 | | zero | | | 2 | 4
| 0 | | zero | | | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | | | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | | | 0 |
| 0 | | zero | | | |
| 0 | | zero | | | | 0
| | | null | | | 1 | -1
| | | null | | | 2 | 2
| | | null | | | 3 | -3
| | | null | | | 2 | 4
| | | null | | | 5 | -5
| | | null | | | 5 | -5
| | | null | | | 0 |
| | | null | | | |
| | | null | | | | 0
| | 0 | zero | | | 1 | -1
| | 0 | zero | | | 2 | 2
| | 0 | zero | | | 3 | -3
| | 0 | zero | | | 2 | 4
| | 0 | zero | | | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | | | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | | | 0 |
| | 0 | zero | | | |
| | 0 | zero | | | | 0
| 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | 1 | -1
| 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | 2 | 2
| 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | 3 | -3
| 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | 2 | 4
| 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | |
| 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | | 0
| 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | 1 | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | 2 | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | 3 | -3
| 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | 2 | 4
| 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | |
| 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | | 0
| 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | 1 | -1
| 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | 2 | 2
| 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | 3 | -3
| 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | 2 | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | 0 |
| 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | |
| 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | | 0
| 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | 1 | -1
| 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | 2 | 2
| 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | 3 | -3
| 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | 2 | 4
| 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | 0 |
| 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | |
| 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | | 0
| 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | 1 | -1
| 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | 2 | 2
| 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | 3 | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | 2 | 4
| 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | |
| 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | | 0
| 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | 1 | -1
| 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | 2 | 2
| 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | 3 | -3
| 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | 2 | 4
| 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | 0 |
| 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | |
| 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | | 0
| 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | 1 | -1
| 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | 2 | 2
| 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | 3 | -3
| 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | 2 | 4
| 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | 0 |
| 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | |
| 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | | 0
| 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | 1 | -1
| 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | 2 | 2
| 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | 3 | -3
| 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | 2 | 4
| 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | 0 |
| 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | |
| 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | | 0
| 0 | | zero | | 0 | 1 | -1
| 0 | | zero | | 0 | 2 | 2
| 0 | | zero | | 0 | 3 | -3
| 0 | | zero | | 0 | 2 | 4
| 0 | | zero | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | | 0 | 5 | -5
| 0 | | zero | | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | | zero | | 0 | |
| 0 | | zero | | 0 | | 0
| | | null | | 0 | 1 | -1
| | | null | | 0 | 2 | 2
| | | null | | 0 | 3 | -3
| | | null | | 0 | 2 | 4
| | | null | | 0 | 5 | -5
| | | null | | 0 | 5 | -5
| | | null | | 0 | 0 |
| | | null | | 0 | |
| | | null | | 0 | | 0
| | 0 | zero | | 0 | 1 | -1
| | 0 | zero | | 0 | 2 | 2
| | 0 | zero | | 0 | 3 | -3
| | 0 | zero | | 0 | 2 | 4
| | 0 | zero | | 0 | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | | 0 | 5 | -5
| | 0 | zero | | 0 | 0 |
| | 0 | zero | | 0 | |
| | 0 | zero | | 0 | | 0
(891 rows)
--
--
-- Inner joins (equi-joins)
--
--
--
-- Inner joins (equi-joins) with USING clause
-- The USING syntax changes the shape of the resulting table
-- by including a column in the USING clause only once in the result.
--
-- Inner equi-join on specified column
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL INNER JOIN J2_TBL USING (i);
xxx | i | j | t | k
-----+---+---+-------+----
| 0 | | zero |
| 1 | 4 | one | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
(7 rows)
-- Same as above, slightly different syntax
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i);
xxx | i | j | t | k
-----+---+---+-------+----
| 0 | | zero |
| 1 | 4 | one | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
(7 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a, d) USING (a)
ORDER BY a, d;
xxx | a | b | c | d
-----+---+---+-------+----
| 0 | | zero |
| 1 | 4 | one | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
(7 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a, b) USING (b)
ORDER BY b, t1.a;
xxx | b | a | c | a
-----+---+---+-------+---
| 0 | 5 | five |
| 0 | | zero |
| 2 | 3 | three | 2
| 4 | 1 | one | 2
(4 rows)
--
-- NATURAL JOIN
-- Inner equi-join on all columns with the same name
--
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL NATURAL JOIN J2_TBL;
xxx | i | j | t | k
-----+---+---+-------+----
| 0 | | zero |
| 1 | 4 | one | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
(7 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) NATURAL JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a, d);
xxx | a | b | c | d
-----+---+---+-------+----
| 0 | | zero |
| 1 | 4 | one | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
(7 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) NATURAL JOIN J2_TBL t2 (d, a);
xxx | a | b | c | d
-----+---+---+------+---
| 0 | | zero |
| 2 | 3 | two | 2
| 4 | 1 | four | 2
(3 rows)
-- mismatch number of columns
-- currently, Postgres will fill in with underlying names
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b) NATURAL JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a);
xxx | a | b | t | k
-----+---+---+-------+----
| 0 | | zero |
| 1 | 4 | one | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
(7 rows)
--
-- Inner joins (equi-joins)
--
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL ON (J1_TBL.i = J2_TBL.i);
xxx | i | j | t | i | k
-----+---+---+-------+---+----
| 0 | | zero | 0 |
| 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5
(7 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL ON (J1_TBL.i = J2_TBL.k);
xxx | i | j | t | i | k
-----+---+---+------+---+---
| 0 | | zero | | 0
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4
(3 rows)
--
-- Non-equi-joins
--
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL ON (J1_TBL.i <= J2_TBL.k);
xxx | i | j | t | i | k
-----+---+---+-------+---+---
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 2
| 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 4
| 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 4
| 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4
| 0 | | zero | 2 | 4
| 0 | | zero | | 0
(9 rows)
--
-- Outer joins
-- Note that OUTER is a noise word
--
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
2002-10-28 23:54:45 +01:00
FROM J1_TBL LEFT OUTER JOIN J2_TBL USING (i)
ORDER BY i, k, t;
xxx | i | j | t | k
-----+---+---+-------+----
| 0 | | zero |
| 1 | 4 | one | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | -3
| 4 | 1 | four |
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| 6 | 6 | six |
| 7 | 7 | seven |
| 8 | 8 | eight |
| | | null |
| | 0 | zero |
(13 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
2002-10-28 23:54:45 +01:00
FROM J1_TBL LEFT JOIN J2_TBL USING (i)
ORDER BY i, k, t;
xxx | i | j | t | k
-----+---+---+-------+----
| 0 | | zero |
| 1 | 4 | one | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | -3
| 4 | 1 | four |
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| 6 | 6 | six |
| 7 | 7 | seven |
| 8 | 8 | eight |
| | | null |
| | 0 | zero |
(13 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL RIGHT OUTER JOIN J2_TBL USING (i);
xxx | i | j | t | k
-----+---+---+-------+----
| 0 | | zero |
| 1 | 4 | one | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| | | |
| | | | 0
(9 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL RIGHT JOIN J2_TBL USING (i);
xxx | i | j | t | k
-----+---+---+-------+----
| 0 | | zero |
| 1 | 4 | one | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | -3
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| | | |
| | | | 0
(9 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
2002-10-28 23:54:45 +01:00
FROM J1_TBL FULL OUTER JOIN J2_TBL USING (i)
ORDER BY i, k, t;
xxx | i | j | t | k
-----+---+---+-------+----
| 0 | | zero |
| 1 | 4 | one | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | -3
| 4 | 1 | four |
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| 6 | 6 | six |
| 7 | 7 | seven |
| 8 | 8 | eight |
| | | | 0
| | | null |
| | 0 | zero |
| | | |
(15 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
2002-10-28 23:54:45 +01:00
FROM J1_TBL FULL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i)
ORDER BY i, k, t;
xxx | i | j | t | k
-----+---+---+-------+----
| 0 | | zero |
| 1 | 4 | one | -1
| 2 | 3 | two | 2
| 2 | 3 | two | 4
| 3 | 2 | three | -3
| 4 | 1 | four |
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| 5 | 0 | five | -5
| 6 | 6 | six |
| 7 | 7 | seven |
| 8 | 8 | eight |
| | | | 0
| | | null |
| | 0 | zero |
| | | |
(15 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL LEFT JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) WHERE (k = 1);
xxx | i | j | t | k
-----+---+---+---+---
(0 rows)
SELECT '' AS "xxx", *
FROM J1_TBL LEFT JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) WHERE (i = 1);
xxx | i | j | t | k
-----+---+---+-----+----
| 1 | 4 | one | -1
(1 row)
--
-- More complicated constructs
--
--
-- Multiway full join
--
CREATE TABLE t1 (name TEXT, n INTEGER);
CREATE TABLE t2 (name TEXT, n INTEGER);
CREATE TABLE t3 (name TEXT, n INTEGER);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ( 'bb', 11 );
INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ( 'bb', 12 );
INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ( 'cc', 22 );
INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ( 'ee', 42 );
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES ( 'bb', 13 );
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES ( 'cc', 23 );
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES ( 'dd', 33 );
SELECT * FROM t1 FULL JOIN t2 USING (name) FULL JOIN t3 USING (name);
name | n | n | n
------+----+----+----
bb | 11 | 12 | 13
cc | | 22 | 23
dd | | | 33
ee | | 42 |
(4 rows)
--
-- Test interactions of join syntax and subqueries
--
-- Basic cases (we expect planner to pull up the subquery here)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT * FROM t2) as s2
INNER JOIN
(SELECT * FROM t3) s3
USING (name);
name | n | n
------+----+----
bb | 12 | 13
cc | 22 | 23
(2 rows)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT * FROM t2) as s2
LEFT JOIN
(SELECT * FROM t3) s3
USING (name);
name | n | n
------+----+----
bb | 12 | 13
cc | 22 | 23
ee | 42 |
(3 rows)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT * FROM t2) as s2
FULL JOIN
(SELECT * FROM t3) s3
USING (name);
name | n | n
------+----+----
bb | 12 | 13
cc | 22 | 23
dd | | 33
ee | 42 |
(4 rows)
-- Cases with non-nullable expressions in subquery results;
-- make sure these go to null as expected
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
NATURAL INNER JOIN
(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
name | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n | s3_2
------+------+------+------+------
bb | 12 | 2 | 13 | 3
cc | 22 | 2 | 23 | 3
(2 rows)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
NATURAL LEFT JOIN
(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
name | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n | s3_2
------+------+------+------+------
bb | 12 | 2 | 13 | 3
cc | 22 | 2 | 23 | 3
ee | 42 | 2 | |
(3 rows)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
NATURAL FULL JOIN
(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
name | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n | s3_2
------+------+------+------+------
bb | 12 | 2 | 13 | 3
cc | 22 | 2 | 23 | 3
dd | | | 33 | 3
ee | 42 | 2 | |
(4 rows)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s1_n, 1 as s1_1 FROM t1) as s1
NATURAL INNER JOIN
(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
NATURAL INNER JOIN
(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
name | s1_n | s1_1 | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n | s3_2
------+------+------+------+------+------+------
bb | 11 | 1 | 12 | 2 | 13 | 3
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s1_n, 1 as s1_1 FROM t1) as s1
NATURAL FULL JOIN
(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
NATURAL FULL JOIN
(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
name | s1_n | s1_1 | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n | s3_2
------+------+------+------+------+------+------
bb | 11 | 1 | 12 | 2 | 13 | 3
cc | | | 22 | 2 | 23 | 3
dd | | | | | 33 | 3
ee | | | 42 | 2 | |
(4 rows)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s1_n FROM t1) as s1
NATURAL FULL JOIN
(SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s2_n FROM t2) as s2
NATURAL FULL JOIN
(SELECT name, n as s3_n FROM t3) as s3
) ss2;
name | s1_n | s2_n | s3_n
------+------+------+------
bb | 11 | 12 | 13
cc | | 22 | 23
dd | | | 33
ee | | 42 |
(4 rows)
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s1_n FROM t1) as s1
NATURAL FULL JOIN
(SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
NATURAL FULL JOIN
(SELECT name, n as s3_n FROM t3) as s3
) ss2;
name | s1_n | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n
------+------+------+------+------
bb | 11 | 12 | 2 | 13
cc | | 22 | 2 | 23
dd | | | | 33
ee | | 42 | 2 |
(4 rows)
-- Test for propagation of nullability constraints into sub-joins
create temp table x (x1 int, x2 int);
insert into x values (1,11);
insert into x values (2,22);
insert into x values (3,null);
insert into x values (4,44);
insert into x values (5,null);
create temp table y (y1 int, y2 int);
insert into y values (1,111);
insert into y values (2,222);
insert into y values (3,333);
insert into y values (4,null);
select * from x;
x1 | x2
----+----
1 | 11
2 | 22
3 |
4 | 44
5 |
(5 rows)
select * from y;
y1 | y2
----+-----
1 | 111
2 | 222
3 | 333
4 |
(4 rows)
select * from x left join y on (x1 = y1 and x2 is not null);
x1 | x2 | y1 | y2
----+----+----+-----
1 | 11 | 1 | 111
2 | 22 | 2 | 222
3 | | |
4 | 44 | 4 |
5 | | |
(5 rows)
select * from x left join y on (x1 = y1 and y2 is not null);
x1 | x2 | y1 | y2
----+----+----+-----
1 | 11 | 1 | 111
2 | 22 | 2 | 222
3 | | 3 | 333
4 | 44 | |
5 | | |
(5 rows)
select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
on (x1 = xx1);
x1 | x2 | y1 | y2 | xx1 | xx2
----+----+----+-----+-----+-----
1 | 11 | 1 | 111 | 1 | 11
2 | 22 | 2 | 222 | 2 | 22
3 | | 3 | 333 | 3 |
4 | 44 | 4 | | 4 | 44
5 | | | | 5 |
(5 rows)
select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
on (x1 = xx1 and x2 is not null);
x1 | x2 | y1 | y2 | xx1 | xx2
----+----+----+-----+-----+-----
1 | 11 | 1 | 111 | 1 | 11
2 | 22 | 2 | 222 | 2 | 22
3 | | 3 | 333 | |
4 | 44 | 4 | | 4 | 44
5 | | | | |
(5 rows)
select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
on (x1 = xx1 and y2 is not null);
x1 | x2 | y1 | y2 | xx1 | xx2
----+----+----+-----+-----+-----
1 | 11 | 1 | 111 | 1 | 11
2 | 22 | 2 | 222 | 2 | 22
3 | | 3 | 333 | 3 |
4 | 44 | 4 | | |
5 | | | | |
(5 rows)
select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
on (x1 = xx1 and xx2 is not null);
x1 | x2 | y1 | y2 | xx1 | xx2
----+----+----+-----+-----+-----
1 | 11 | 1 | 111 | 1 | 11
2 | 22 | 2 | 222 | 2 | 22
3 | | 3 | 333 | |
4 | 44 | 4 | | 4 | 44
5 | | | | |
(5 rows)
-- these should NOT give the same answers as above
select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
on (x1 = xx1) where (x2 is not null);
x1 | x2 | y1 | y2 | xx1 | xx2
----+----+----+-----+-----+-----
1 | 11 | 1 | 111 | 1 | 11
2 | 22 | 2 | 222 | 2 | 22
4 | 44 | 4 | | 4 | 44
(3 rows)
select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
on (x1 = xx1) where (y2 is not null);
x1 | x2 | y1 | y2 | xx1 | xx2
----+----+----+-----+-----+-----
1 | 11 | 1 | 111 | 1 | 11
2 | 22 | 2 | 222 | 2 | 22
3 | | 3 | 333 | 3 |
(3 rows)
select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
on (x1 = xx1) where (xx2 is not null);
x1 | x2 | y1 | y2 | xx1 | xx2
----+----+----+-----+-----+-----
1 | 11 | 1 | 111 | 1 | 11
2 | 22 | 2 | 222 | 2 | 22
4 | 44 | 4 | | 4 | 44
(3 rows)
--
-- regression test: check for bug with propagation of implied equality
-- to outside an IN
--
select count(*) from tenk1 a where unique1 in
(select unique1 from tenk1 b join tenk1 c using (unique1)
where b.unique2 = 42);
count
-------
1
(1 row)
Restructure code that is responsible for ensuring that clauseless joins are considered when it is necessary to do so because of a join-order restriction (that is, an outer-join or IN-subselect construct). The former coding was a bit ad-hoc and inconsistent, and it missed some cases, as exposed by Mario Weilguni's recent bug report. His specific problem was that an IN could be turned into a "clauseless" join due to constant-propagation removing the IN's joinclause, and if the IN's subselect involved more than one relation and there was more than one such IN linking to the same upper relation, then the only valid join orders involve "bushy" plans but we would fail to consider the specific paths needed to get there. (See the example case added to the join regression test.) On examining the code I wonder if there weren't some other problem cases too; in particular it seems that GEQO was defending against a different set of corner cases than the main planner was. There was also an efficiency problem, in that when we did realize we needed a clauseless join because of an IN, we'd consider clauseless joins against every other relation whether this was sensible or not. It seems a better design is to use the outer-join and in-clause lists as a backup heuristic, just as the rule of joining only where there are joinclauses is a heuristic: we'll join two relations if they have a usable joinclause *or* this might be necessary to satisfy an outer-join or IN-clause join order restriction. I refactored the code to have just one place considering this instead of three, and made sure that it covered all the cases that any of them had been considering. Backpatch as far as 8.1 (which has only the IN-clause form of the disease). By rights 8.0 and 7.4 should have the bug too, but they accidentally fail to fail, because the joininfo structure used in those releases preserves some memory of there having once been a joinclause between the inner and outer sides of an IN, and so it leads the code in the right direction anyway. I'll be conservative and not touch them.
2007-02-16 01:14:01 +01:00
--
-- regression test: check for failure to generate a plan with multiple
-- degenerate IN clauses
--
select count(*) from tenk1 x where
x.unique1 in (select a.f1 from int4_tbl a,float8_tbl b where a.f1=b.f1) and
x.unique1 = 0 and
x.unique1 in (select aa.f1 from int4_tbl aa,float8_tbl bb where aa.f1=bb.f1);
count
-------
1
(1 row)
-- try that with GEQO too
begin;
set geqo = on;
set geqo_threshold = 2;
select count(*) from tenk1 x where
x.unique1 in (select a.f1 from int4_tbl a,float8_tbl b where a.f1=b.f1) and
x.unique1 = 0 and
x.unique1 in (select aa.f1 from int4_tbl aa,float8_tbl bb where aa.f1=bb.f1);
count
-------
1
(1 row)
rollback;
--
-- Clean up
--
DROP TABLE t1;
DROP TABLE t2;
DROP TABLE t3;
DROP TABLE J1_TBL;
DROP TABLE J2_TBL;
-- Both DELETE and UPDATE allow the specification of additional tables
-- to "join" against to determine which rows should be modified.
CREATE TEMP TABLE t1 (a int, b int);
CREATE TEMP TABLE t2 (a int, b int);
CREATE TEMP TABLE t3 (x int, y int);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (5, 10);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (15, 20);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (100, 100);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (200, 1000);
INSERT INTO t2 VALUES (200, 2000);
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (5, 20);
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (6, 7);
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (7, 8);
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (500, 100);
DELETE FROM t3 USING t1 table1 WHERE t3.x = table1.a;
SELECT * FROM t3;
x | y
-----+-----
6 | 7
7 | 8
500 | 100
(3 rows)
DELETE FROM t3 USING t1 JOIN t2 USING (a) WHERE t3.x > t1.a;
SELECT * FROM t3;
x | y
---+---
6 | 7
7 | 8
(2 rows)
DELETE FROM t3 USING t3 t3_other WHERE t3.x = t3_other.x AND t3.y = t3_other.y;
SELECT * FROM t3;
x | y
---+---
(0 rows)
-- Test join against inheritance tree
create temp table t2a () inherits (t2);
insert into t2a values (200, 2001);
select * from t1 left join t2 on (t1.a = t2.a);
a | b | a | b
-----+------+-----+------
5 | 10 | |
15 | 20 | |
100 | 100 | |
200 | 1000 | 200 | 2000
200 | 1000 | 200 | 2001
(5 rows)
-- Test matching of column name with wrong alias
select t1.x from t1 join t3 on (t1.a = t3.x);
ERROR: column t1.x does not exist
LINE 1: select t1.x from t1 join t3 on (t1.a = t3.x);
^
HINT: Perhaps you meant to reference the column "t3"."x".
--
-- regression test for 8.1 merge right join bug
--
CREATE TEMP TABLE tt1 ( tt1_id int4, joincol int4 );
INSERT INTO tt1 VALUES (1, 11);
INSERT INTO tt1 VALUES (2, NULL);
CREATE TEMP TABLE tt2 ( tt2_id int4, joincol int4 );
INSERT INTO tt2 VALUES (21, 11);
INSERT INTO tt2 VALUES (22, 11);
set enable_hashjoin to off;
set enable_nestloop to off;
-- these should give the same results
select tt1.*, tt2.* from tt1 left join tt2 on tt1.joincol = tt2.joincol;
tt1_id | joincol | tt2_id | joincol
--------+---------+--------+---------
1 | 11 | 21 | 11
1 | 11 | 22 | 11
2 | | |
(3 rows)
select tt1.*, tt2.* from tt2 right join tt1 on tt1.joincol = tt2.joincol;
tt1_id | joincol | tt2_id | joincol
--------+---------+--------+---------
1 | 11 | 21 | 11
1 | 11 | 22 | 11
2 | | |
(3 rows)
reset enable_hashjoin;
reset enable_nestloop;
--
-- regression test for 8.2 bug with improper re-ordering of left joins
--
create temp table tt3(f1 int, f2 text);
insert into tt3 select x, repeat('xyzzy', 100) from generate_series(1,10000) x;
create index tt3i on tt3(f1);
analyze tt3;
create temp table tt4(f1 int);
insert into tt4 values (0),(1),(9999);
analyze tt4;
SELECT a.f1
FROM tt4 a
LEFT JOIN (
SELECT b.f1
FROM tt3 b LEFT JOIN tt3 c ON (b.f1 = c.f1)
WHERE c.f1 IS NULL
) AS d ON (a.f1 = d.f1)
WHERE d.f1 IS NULL;
f1
------
0
1
9999
(3 rows)
--
-- regression test for proper handling of outer joins within antijoins
--
create temp table tt4x(c1 int, c2 int, c3 int);
explain (costs off)
select * from tt4x t1
where not exists (
select 1 from tt4x t2
left join tt4x t3 on t2.c3 = t3.c1
left join ( select t5.c1 as c1
from tt4x t4 left join tt4x t5 on t4.c2 = t5.c1
) a1 on t3.c2 = a1.c1
where t1.c1 = t2.c2
);
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------------------------------
Hash Anti Join
Hash Cond: (t1.c1 = t2.c2)
-> Seq Scan on tt4x t1
-> Hash
-> Merge Right Join
Merge Cond: (t5.c1 = t3.c2)
-> Merge Join
Merge Cond: (t4.c2 = t5.c1)
-> Sort
Sort Key: t4.c2
-> Seq Scan on tt4x t4
-> Sort
Sort Key: t5.c1
-> Seq Scan on tt4x t5
-> Sort
Sort Key: t3.c2
-> Merge Left Join
Merge Cond: (t2.c3 = t3.c1)
-> Sort
Sort Key: t2.c3
-> Seq Scan on tt4x t2
-> Sort
Sort Key: t3.c1
-> Seq Scan on tt4x t3
(24 rows)
--
-- regression test for problems of the sort depicted in bug #3494
--
create temp table tt5(f1 int, f2 int);
create temp table tt6(f1 int, f2 int);
insert into tt5 values(1, 10);
insert into tt5 values(1, 11);
insert into tt6 values(1, 9);
insert into tt6 values(1, 2);
insert into tt6 values(2, 9);
select * from tt5,tt6 where tt5.f1 = tt6.f1 and tt5.f1 = tt5.f2 - tt6.f2;
f1 | f2 | f1 | f2
----+----+----+----
1 | 10 | 1 | 9
(1 row)
Rewrite make_outerjoininfo's construction of min_lefthand and min_righthand sets for outer joins, in the light of bug #3588 and additional thought and experimentation. The original methodology was fatally flawed for nests of more than two outer joins: it got the relationships between adjacent joins right, but didn't always come to the right conclusions about whether a join could be interchanged with one two or more levels below it. This was largely caused by a mistaken idea that we should use the min_lefthand + min_righthand sets of a sub-join as the minimum left or right input set of an upper join when we conclude that the sub-join can't commute with the upper one. If there's a still-lower join that the sub-join *can* commute with, this method led us to think that that one could commute with the topmost join; which it can't. Another problem (not directly connected to bug #3588) was that make_outerjoininfo's processing-order-dependent method for enforcing outer join identity #3 didn't work right: if we decided that join A could safely commute with lower join B, we dropped all information about sub-joins under B that join A could perhaps not safely commute with, because we removed B's entire min_righthand from A's. To fix, make an explicit computation of all inner join combinations that occur below an outer join, and add to that the full syntactic relsets of any lower outer joins that we determine it can't commute with. This method gives much more direct enforcement of the outer join rearrangement identities, and it turns out not to cost a lot of additional bookkeeping. Thanks to Richard Harris for the bug report and test case.
2007-08-31 03:44:06 +02:00
--
-- regression test for problems of the sort depicted in bug #3588
--
create temp table xx (pkxx int);
create temp table yy (pkyy int, pkxx int);
insert into xx values (1);
insert into xx values (2);
insert into xx values (3);
insert into yy values (101, 1);
insert into yy values (201, 2);
insert into yy values (301, NULL);
select yy.pkyy as yy_pkyy, yy.pkxx as yy_pkxx, yya.pkyy as yya_pkyy,
xxa.pkxx as xxa_pkxx, xxb.pkxx as xxb_pkxx
from yy
left join (SELECT * FROM yy where pkyy = 101) as yya ON yy.pkyy = yya.pkyy
left join xx xxa on yya.pkxx = xxa.pkxx
left join xx xxb on coalesce (xxa.pkxx, 1) = xxb.pkxx;
yy_pkyy | yy_pkxx | yya_pkyy | xxa_pkxx | xxb_pkxx
---------+---------+----------+----------+----------
101 | 1 | 101 | 1 | 1
201 | 2 | | | 1
301 | | | | 1
(3 rows)
Fix some planner issues found while investigating Kevin Grittner's report of poorer planning in 8.3 than 8.2: 1. After pushing a constant across an outer join --- ie, given "a LEFT JOIN b ON (a.x = b.y) WHERE a.x = 42", we can deduce that b.y is sort of equal to 42, in the sense that we needn't fetch any b rows where it isn't 42 --- loop to see if any additional deductions can be made. Previous releases did that by recursing, but I had mistakenly thought that this was no longer necessary given the EquivalenceClass machinery. 2. Allow pushing constants across outer join conditions even if the condition is outerjoin_delayed due to a lower outer join. This is safe as long as the condition is strict and we re-test it at the upper join. 3. Keep the outer-join clause even if we successfully push a constant across it. This is *necessary* in the outerjoin_delayed case, but even in the simple case, it seems better to do this to ensure that the join search order heuristics will consider the join as reasonable to make. Mark such a clause as having selectivity 1.0, though, since it's not going to eliminate very many rows after application of the constant condition. 4. Tweak have_relevant_eclass_joinclause to report that two relations are joinable when they have vars that are equated to the same constant. We won't actually generate any joinclause from such an EquivalenceClass, but again it seems that in such a case it's a good idea to consider the join as worth costing out. 5. Fix a bug in select_mergejoin_clauses that was exposed by these changes: we have to reject candidate mergejoin clauses if either side was equated to a constant, because we can't construct a canonical pathkey list for such a clause. This is an implementation restriction that might be worth fixing someday, but it doesn't seem critical to get it done for 8.3.
2008-01-09 21:42:29 +01:00
--
-- regression test for improper pushing of constants across outer-join clauses
-- (as seen in early 8.2.x releases)
--
create temp table zt1 (f1 int primary key);
create temp table zt2 (f2 int primary key);
create temp table zt3 (f3 int primary key);
insert into zt1 values(53);
insert into zt2 values(53);
select * from
zt2 left join zt3 on (f2 = f3)
left join zt1 on (f3 = f1)
where f2 = 53;
f2 | f3 | f1
----+----+----
53 | |
(1 row)
create temp view zv1 as select *,'dummy'::text AS junk from zt1;
select * from
zt2 left join zt3 on (f2 = f3)
left join zv1 on (f3 = f1)
where f2 = 53;
f2 | f3 | f1 | junk
----+----+----+------
53 | | |
(1 row)
--
-- regression test for improper extraction of OR indexqual conditions
-- (as seen in early 8.3.x releases)
--
select a.unique2, a.ten, b.tenthous, b.unique2, b.hundred
from tenk1 a left join tenk1 b on a.unique2 = b.tenthous
where a.unique1 = 42 and
((b.unique2 is null and a.ten = 2) or b.hundred = 3);
unique2 | ten | tenthous | unique2 | hundred
---------+-----+----------+---------+---------
(0 rows)
--
-- test proper positioning of one-time quals in EXISTS (8.4devel bug)
--
prepare foo(bool) as
select count(*) from tenk1 a left join tenk1 b
on (a.unique2 = b.unique1 and exists
(select 1 from tenk1 c where c.thousand = b.unique2 and $1));
execute foo(true);
count
-------
10000
(1 row)
execute foo(false);
count
-------
10000
(1 row)
--
-- test for sane behavior with noncanonical merge clauses, per bug #4926
--
begin;
set enable_mergejoin = 1;
set enable_hashjoin = 0;
set enable_nestloop = 0;
create temp table a (i integer);
create temp table b (x integer, y integer);
select * from a left join b on i = x and i = y and x = i;
i | x | y
---+---+---
(0 rows)
rollback;
Fix subquery pullup to wrap a PlaceHolderVar around the entire RowExpr that's generated for a whole-row Var referencing the subquery, when the subquery is in the nullable side of an outer join. The previous coding instead put PlaceHolderVars around the elements of the RowExpr. The effect was that when the outer join made the subquery outputs go to null, the whole-row Var produced ROW(NULL,NULL,...) rather than just NULL. There are arguments afoot about whether those things ought to be semantically indistinguishable, but for the moment they are not entirely so, and the planner needs to take care that its machinations preserve the difference. Per bug #5025. Making this feasible required refactoring ResolveNew() to allow more caller control over what is substituted for a Var. I chose to make ResolveNew() a wrapper around a new general-purpose function replace_rte_variables(). I also fixed the ancient bogosity that ResolveNew might fail to set a query's hasSubLinks field after inserting a SubLink in it. Although all current callers make sure that happens anyway, we've had bugs of that sort before, and it seemed like a good time to install a proper solution. Back-patch to 8.4. The problem can be demonstrated clear back to 8.0, but the fix would be too invasive in earlier branches; not to mention that people may be depending on the subtly-incorrect behavior. The 8.4 series is new enough that fixing this probably won't cause complaints, but it might in older branches. Also, 8.4 shows the incorrect behavior in more cases than older branches do, because it is able to flatten subqueries in more cases.
2009-09-02 19:52:24 +02:00
--
-- test NULL behavior of whole-row Vars, per bug #5025
--
select t1.q2, count(t2.*)
from int8_tbl t1 left join int8_tbl t2 on (t1.q2 = t2.q1)
group by t1.q2 order by 1;
q2 | count
-------------------+-------
-4567890123456789 | 0
123 | 2
456 | 0
4567890123456789 | 6
(4 rows)
select t1.q2, count(t2.*)
from int8_tbl t1 left join (select * from int8_tbl) t2 on (t1.q2 = t2.q1)
group by t1.q2 order by 1;
q2 | count
-------------------+-------
-4567890123456789 | 0
123 | 2
456 | 0
4567890123456789 | 6
(4 rows)
select t1.q2, count(t2.*)
from int8_tbl t1 left join (select * from int8_tbl offset 0) t2 on (t1.q2 = t2.q1)
group by t1.q2 order by 1;
q2 | count
-------------------+-------
-4567890123456789 | 0
123 | 2
456 | 0
4567890123456789 | 6
(4 rows)
select t1.q2, count(t2.*)
from int8_tbl t1 left join
(select q1, case when q2=1 then 1 else q2 end as q2 from int8_tbl) t2
on (t1.q2 = t2.q1)
group by t1.q2 order by 1;
q2 | count
-------------------+-------
-4567890123456789 | 0
123 | 2
456 | 0
4567890123456789 | 6
(4 rows)
--
-- test incorrect failure to NULL pulled-up subexpressions
--
begin;
create temp table a (
code char not null,
constraint a_pk primary key (code)
);
create temp table b (
a char not null,
num integer not null,
constraint b_pk primary key (a, num)
);
create temp table c (
name char not null,
a char,
constraint c_pk primary key (name)
);
insert into a (code) values ('p');
insert into a (code) values ('q');
insert into b (a, num) values ('p', 1);
insert into b (a, num) values ('p', 2);
insert into c (name, a) values ('A', 'p');
insert into c (name, a) values ('B', 'q');
insert into c (name, a) values ('C', null);
select c.name, ss.code, ss.b_cnt, ss.const
from c left join
(select a.code, coalesce(b_grp.cnt, 0) as b_cnt, -1 as const
from a left join
(select count(1) as cnt, b.a from b group by b.a) as b_grp
on a.code = b_grp.a
) as ss
on (c.a = ss.code)
order by c.name;
name | code | b_cnt | const
------+------+-------+-------
A | p | 2 | -1
B | q | 0 | -1
C | | |
(3 rows)
rollback;
--
-- test incorrect handling of placeholders that only appear in targetlists,
-- per bug #6154
--
SELECT * FROM
( SELECT 1 as key1 ) sub1
LEFT JOIN
( SELECT sub3.key3, sub4.value2, COALESCE(sub4.value2, 66) as value3 FROM
( SELECT 1 as key3 ) sub3
LEFT JOIN
( SELECT sub5.key5, COALESCE(sub6.value1, 1) as value2 FROM
( SELECT 1 as key5 ) sub5
LEFT JOIN
( SELECT 2 as key6, 42 as value1 ) sub6
ON sub5.key5 = sub6.key6
) sub4
ON sub4.key5 = sub3.key3
) sub2
ON sub1.key1 = sub2.key3;
key1 | key3 | value2 | value3
------+------+--------+--------
1 | 1 | 1 | 1
(1 row)
-- test the path using join aliases, too
SELECT * FROM
( SELECT 1 as key1 ) sub1
LEFT JOIN
( SELECT sub3.key3, value2, COALESCE(value2, 66) as value3 FROM
( SELECT 1 as key3 ) sub3
LEFT JOIN
( SELECT sub5.key5, COALESCE(sub6.value1, 1) as value2 FROM
( SELECT 1 as key5 ) sub5
LEFT JOIN
( SELECT 2 as key6, 42 as value1 ) sub6
ON sub5.key5 = sub6.key6
) sub4
ON sub4.key5 = sub3.key3
) sub2
ON sub1.key1 = sub2.key3;
key1 | key3 | value2 | value3
------+------+--------+--------
1 | 1 | 1 | 1
(1 row)
--
-- test case where a PlaceHolderVar is used as a nestloop parameter
--
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
SELECT qq, unique1
FROM
( SELECT COALESCE(q1, 0) AS qq FROM int8_tbl a ) AS ss1
FULL OUTER JOIN
( SELECT COALESCE(q2, -1) AS qq FROM int8_tbl b ) AS ss2
USING (qq)
INNER JOIN tenk1 c ON qq = unique2;
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop
-> Hash Full Join
Hash Cond: (COALESCE(a.q1, '0'::bigint) = COALESCE(b.q2, '-1'::bigint))
-> Seq Scan on int8_tbl a
-> Hash
-> Seq Scan on int8_tbl b
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 c
Index Cond: (unique2 = COALESCE((COALESCE(a.q1, '0'::bigint)), (COALESCE(b.q2, '-1'::bigint))))
(8 rows)
SELECT qq, unique1
FROM
( SELECT COALESCE(q1, 0) AS qq FROM int8_tbl a ) AS ss1
FULL OUTER JOIN
( SELECT COALESCE(q2, -1) AS qq FROM int8_tbl b ) AS ss2
USING (qq)
INNER JOIN tenk1 c ON qq = unique2;
qq | unique1
-----+---------
123 | 4596
123 | 4596
456 | 7318
(3 rows)
--
-- nested nestloops can require nested PlaceHolderVars
--
create temp table nt1 (
id int primary key,
a1 boolean,
a2 boolean
);
create temp table nt2 (
id int primary key,
nt1_id int,
b1 boolean,
b2 boolean,
foreign key (nt1_id) references nt1(id)
);
create temp table nt3 (
id int primary key,
nt2_id int,
c1 boolean,
foreign key (nt2_id) references nt2(id)
);
insert into nt1 values (1,true,true);
insert into nt1 values (2,true,false);
insert into nt1 values (3,false,false);
insert into nt2 values (1,1,true,true);
insert into nt2 values (2,2,true,false);
insert into nt2 values (3,3,false,false);
insert into nt3 values (1,1,true);
insert into nt3 values (2,2,false);
insert into nt3 values (3,3,true);
explain (costs off)
select nt3.id
from nt3 as nt3
left join
(select nt2.*, (nt2.b1 and ss1.a3) AS b3
from nt2 as nt2
left join
(select nt1.*, (nt1.id is not null) as a3 from nt1) as ss1
on ss1.id = nt2.nt1_id
) as ss2
on ss2.id = nt3.nt2_id
where nt3.id = 1 and ss2.b3;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------
Nested Loop
-> Nested Loop
-> Index Scan using nt3_pkey on nt3
Index Cond: (id = 1)
-> Index Scan using nt2_pkey on nt2
Index Cond: (id = nt3.nt2_id)
-> Index Only Scan using nt1_pkey on nt1
Index Cond: (id = nt2.nt1_id)
Filter: (nt2.b1 AND (id IS NOT NULL))
(9 rows)
select nt3.id
from nt3 as nt3
left join
(select nt2.*, (nt2.b1 and ss1.a3) AS b3
from nt2 as nt2
left join
(select nt1.*, (nt1.id is not null) as a3 from nt1) as ss1
on ss1.id = nt2.nt1_id
) as ss2
on ss2.id = nt3.nt2_id
where nt3.id = 1 and ss2.b3;
id
----
1
(1 row)
--
-- test case where a PlaceHolderVar is propagated into a subquery
--
explain (costs off)
select * from
int8_tbl t1 left join
(select q1 as x, 42 as y from int8_tbl t2) ss
on t1.q2 = ss.x
where
1 = (select 1 from int8_tbl t3 where ss.y is not null limit 1)
order by 1,2;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------------------
Sort
Sort Key: t1.q1, t1.q2
-> Hash Left Join
Hash Cond: (t1.q2 = t2.q1)
Filter: (1 = (SubPlan 1))
-> Seq Scan on int8_tbl t1
-> Hash
-> Seq Scan on int8_tbl t2
SubPlan 1
-> Limit
-> Result
One-Time Filter: ((42) IS NOT NULL)
-> Seq Scan on int8_tbl t3
(13 rows)
select * from
int8_tbl t1 left join
(select q1 as x, 42 as y from int8_tbl t2) ss
on t1.q2 = ss.x
where
1 = (select 1 from int8_tbl t3 where ss.y is not null limit 1)
order by 1,2;
q1 | q2 | x | y
------------------+------------------+------------------+----
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 42
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 42
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 42
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 42
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 42
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 42
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 42
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 42
(8 rows)
--
-- test the corner cases FULL JOIN ON TRUE and FULL JOIN ON FALSE
--
select * from int4_tbl a full join int4_tbl b on true;
f1 | f1
-------------+-------------
0 | 0
0 | 123456
0 | -123456
0 | 2147483647
0 | -2147483647
123456 | 0
123456 | 123456
123456 | -123456
123456 | 2147483647
123456 | -2147483647
-123456 | 0
-123456 | 123456
-123456 | -123456
-123456 | 2147483647
-123456 | -2147483647
2147483647 | 0
2147483647 | 123456
2147483647 | -123456
2147483647 | 2147483647
2147483647 | -2147483647
-2147483647 | 0
-2147483647 | 123456
-2147483647 | -123456
-2147483647 | 2147483647
-2147483647 | -2147483647
(25 rows)
select * from int4_tbl a full join int4_tbl b on false;
f1 | f1
-------------+-------------
| 0
| 123456
| -123456
| 2147483647
| -2147483647
0 |
123456 |
-123456 |
2147483647 |
-2147483647 |
(10 rows)
--
-- test for ability to use a cartesian join when necessary
--
explain (costs off)
select * from
tenk1 join int4_tbl on f1 = twothousand,
int4(sin(1)) q1,
int4(sin(0)) q2
where q1 = thousand or q2 = thousand;
Revise parameterized-path mechanism to fix assorted issues. This patch adjusts the treatment of parameterized paths so that all paths with the same parameterization (same set of required outer rels) for the same relation will have the same rowcount estimate. We cache the rowcount estimates to ensure that property, and hopefully save a few cycles too. Doing this makes it practical for add_path_precheck to operate without a rowcount estimate: it need only assume that paths with different parameterizations never dominate each other, which is close enough to true anyway for coarse filtering, because normally a more-parameterized path should yield fewer rows thanks to having more join clauses to apply. In add_path, we do the full nine yards of comparing rowcount estimates along with everything else, so that we can discard parameterized paths that don't actually have an advantage. This fixes some issues I'd found with add_path rejecting parameterized paths on the grounds that they were more expensive than not-parameterized ones, even though they yielded many fewer rows and hence would be cheaper once subsequent joining was considered. To make the same-rowcounts assumption valid, we have to require that any parameterized path enforce *all* join clauses that could be obtained from the particular set of outer rels, even if not all of them are useful for indexing. This is required at both base scans and joins. It's a good thing anyway since the net impact is that join quals are checked at the lowest practical level in the join tree. Hence, discard the original rather ad-hoc mechanism for choosing parameterization joinquals, and build a better one that has a more principled rule for when clauses can be moved. The original rule was actually buggy anyway for lack of knowledge about which relations are part of an outer join's outer side; getting this right requires adding an outer_relids field to RestrictInfo.
2012-04-19 21:52:46 +02:00
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hash Join
Hash Cond: (tenk1.twothousand = int4_tbl.f1)
-> Nested Loop
-> Nested Loop
-> Function Scan on q1
-> Function Scan on q2
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1
Recheck Cond: ((q1.q1 = thousand) OR (q2.q2 = thousand))
-> BitmapOr
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
Index Cond: (q1.q1 = thousand)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
Index Cond: (q2.q2 = thousand)
-> Hash
-> Seq Scan on int4_tbl
Revise parameterized-path mechanism to fix assorted issues. This patch adjusts the treatment of parameterized paths so that all paths with the same parameterization (same set of required outer rels) for the same relation will have the same rowcount estimate. We cache the rowcount estimates to ensure that property, and hopefully save a few cycles too. Doing this makes it practical for add_path_precheck to operate without a rowcount estimate: it need only assume that paths with different parameterizations never dominate each other, which is close enough to true anyway for coarse filtering, because normally a more-parameterized path should yield fewer rows thanks to having more join clauses to apply. In add_path, we do the full nine yards of comparing rowcount estimates along with everything else, so that we can discard parameterized paths that don't actually have an advantage. This fixes some issues I'd found with add_path rejecting parameterized paths on the grounds that they were more expensive than not-parameterized ones, even though they yielded many fewer rows and hence would be cheaper once subsequent joining was considered. To make the same-rowcounts assumption valid, we have to require that any parameterized path enforce *all* join clauses that could be obtained from the particular set of outer rels, even if not all of them are useful for indexing. This is required at both base scans and joins. It's a good thing anyway since the net impact is that join quals are checked at the lowest practical level in the join tree. Hence, discard the original rather ad-hoc mechanism for choosing parameterization joinquals, and build a better one that has a more principled rule for when clauses can be moved. The original rule was actually buggy anyway for lack of knowledge about which relations are part of an outer join's outer side; getting this right requires adding an outer_relids field to RestrictInfo.
2012-04-19 21:52:46 +02:00
(15 rows)
explain (costs off)
select * from
tenk1 join int4_tbl on f1 = twothousand,
int4(sin(1)) q1,
int4(sin(0)) q2
where thousand = (q1 + q2);
QUERY PLAN
--------------------------------------------------------------
Hash Join
Hash Cond: (tenk1.twothousand = int4_tbl.f1)
-> Nested Loop
-> Nested Loop
-> Function Scan on q1
-> Function Scan on q2
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1
Recheck Cond: (thousand = (q1.q1 + q2.q2))
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
Index Cond: (thousand = (q1.q1 + q2.q2))
-> Hash
-> Seq Scan on int4_tbl
(12 rows)
--
-- test ability to generate a suitable plan for a star-schema query
--
explain (costs off)
select * from
tenk1, int8_tbl a, int8_tbl b
where thousand = a.q1 and tenthous = b.q1 and a.q2 = 1 and b.q2 = 2;
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop
-> Seq Scan on int8_tbl b
Filter: (q2 = 2)
-> Nested Loop
-> Seq Scan on int8_tbl a
Filter: (q2 = 1)
-> Index Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
Index Cond: ((thousand = a.q1) AND (tenthous = b.q1))
(8 rows)
--
-- test extraction of restriction OR clauses from join OR clause
-- (we used to only do this for indexable clauses)
--
explain (costs off)
select * from tenk1 a join tenk1 b on
(a.unique1 = 1 and b.unique1 = 2) or (a.unique2 = 3 and b.hundred = 4);
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop
Join Filter: (((a.unique1 = 1) AND (b.unique1 = 2)) OR ((a.unique2 = 3) AND (b.hundred = 4)))
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 b
Recheck Cond: ((unique1 = 2) OR (hundred = 4))
-> BitmapOr
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique1
Index Cond: (unique1 = 2)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_hundred
Index Cond: (hundred = 4)
-> Materialize
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 a
Recheck Cond: ((unique1 = 1) OR (unique2 = 3))
-> BitmapOr
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique1
Index Cond: (unique1 = 1)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique2
Index Cond: (unique2 = 3)
(17 rows)
explain (costs off)
select * from tenk1 a join tenk1 b on
(a.unique1 = 1 and b.unique1 = 2) or (a.unique2 = 3 and b.ten = 4);
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop
Join Filter: (((a.unique1 = 1) AND (b.unique1 = 2)) OR ((a.unique2 = 3) AND (b.ten = 4)))
-> Seq Scan on tenk1 b
Filter: ((unique1 = 2) OR (ten = 4))
-> Materialize
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 a
Recheck Cond: ((unique1 = 1) OR (unique2 = 3))
-> BitmapOr
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique1
Index Cond: (unique1 = 1)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique2
Index Cond: (unique2 = 3)
(12 rows)
explain (costs off)
select * from tenk1 a join tenk1 b on
(a.unique1 = 1 and b.unique1 = 2) or
((a.unique2 = 3 or a.unique2 = 7) and b.hundred = 4);
QUERY PLAN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop
Join Filter: (((a.unique1 = 1) AND (b.unique1 = 2)) OR (((a.unique2 = 3) OR (a.unique2 = 7)) AND (b.hundred = 4)))
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 b
Recheck Cond: ((unique1 = 2) OR (hundred = 4))
-> BitmapOr
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique1
Index Cond: (unique1 = 2)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_hundred
Index Cond: (hundred = 4)
-> Materialize
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 a
Recheck Cond: ((unique1 = 1) OR (unique2 = 3) OR (unique2 = 7))
-> BitmapOr
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique1
Index Cond: (unique1 = 1)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique2
Index Cond: (unique2 = 3)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique2
Index Cond: (unique2 = 7)
(19 rows)
Revise parameterized-path mechanism to fix assorted issues. This patch adjusts the treatment of parameterized paths so that all paths with the same parameterization (same set of required outer rels) for the same relation will have the same rowcount estimate. We cache the rowcount estimates to ensure that property, and hopefully save a few cycles too. Doing this makes it practical for add_path_precheck to operate without a rowcount estimate: it need only assume that paths with different parameterizations never dominate each other, which is close enough to true anyway for coarse filtering, because normally a more-parameterized path should yield fewer rows thanks to having more join clauses to apply. In add_path, we do the full nine yards of comparing rowcount estimates along with everything else, so that we can discard parameterized paths that don't actually have an advantage. This fixes some issues I'd found with add_path rejecting parameterized paths on the grounds that they were more expensive than not-parameterized ones, even though they yielded many fewer rows and hence would be cheaper once subsequent joining was considered. To make the same-rowcounts assumption valid, we have to require that any parameterized path enforce *all* join clauses that could be obtained from the particular set of outer rels, even if not all of them are useful for indexing. This is required at both base scans and joins. It's a good thing anyway since the net impact is that join quals are checked at the lowest practical level in the join tree. Hence, discard the original rather ad-hoc mechanism for choosing parameterization joinquals, and build a better one that has a more principled rule for when clauses can be moved. The original rule was actually buggy anyway for lack of knowledge about which relations are part of an outer join's outer side; getting this right requires adding an outer_relids field to RestrictInfo.
2012-04-19 21:52:46 +02:00
--
-- test placement of movable quals in a parameterized join tree
--
explain (costs off)
select * from tenk1 t1 left join
(tenk1 t2 join tenk1 t3 on t2.thousand = t3.unique2)
on t1.hundred = t2.hundred and t1.ten = t3.ten
where t1.unique1 = 1;
QUERY PLAN
--------------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop Left Join
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 t1
Index Cond: (unique1 = 1)
-> Nested Loop
Join Filter: (t1.ten = t3.ten)
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 t2
Recheck Cond: (t1.hundred = hundred)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_hundred
Index Cond: (t1.hundred = hundred)
Revise parameterized-path mechanism to fix assorted issues. This patch adjusts the treatment of parameterized paths so that all paths with the same parameterization (same set of required outer rels) for the same relation will have the same rowcount estimate. We cache the rowcount estimates to ensure that property, and hopefully save a few cycles too. Doing this makes it practical for add_path_precheck to operate without a rowcount estimate: it need only assume that paths with different parameterizations never dominate each other, which is close enough to true anyway for coarse filtering, because normally a more-parameterized path should yield fewer rows thanks to having more join clauses to apply. In add_path, we do the full nine yards of comparing rowcount estimates along with everything else, so that we can discard parameterized paths that don't actually have an advantage. This fixes some issues I'd found with add_path rejecting parameterized paths on the grounds that they were more expensive than not-parameterized ones, even though they yielded many fewer rows and hence would be cheaper once subsequent joining was considered. To make the same-rowcounts assumption valid, we have to require that any parameterized path enforce *all* join clauses that could be obtained from the particular set of outer rels, even if not all of them are useful for indexing. This is required at both base scans and joins. It's a good thing anyway since the net impact is that join quals are checked at the lowest practical level in the join tree. Hence, discard the original rather ad-hoc mechanism for choosing parameterization joinquals, and build a better one that has a more principled rule for when clauses can be moved. The original rule was actually buggy anyway for lack of knowledge about which relations are part of an outer join's outer side; getting this right requires adding an outer_relids field to RestrictInfo.
2012-04-19 21:52:46 +02:00
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 t3
Index Cond: (unique2 = t2.thousand)
(11 rows)
Revise parameterized-path mechanism to fix assorted issues. This patch adjusts the treatment of parameterized paths so that all paths with the same parameterization (same set of required outer rels) for the same relation will have the same rowcount estimate. We cache the rowcount estimates to ensure that property, and hopefully save a few cycles too. Doing this makes it practical for add_path_precheck to operate without a rowcount estimate: it need only assume that paths with different parameterizations never dominate each other, which is close enough to true anyway for coarse filtering, because normally a more-parameterized path should yield fewer rows thanks to having more join clauses to apply. In add_path, we do the full nine yards of comparing rowcount estimates along with everything else, so that we can discard parameterized paths that don't actually have an advantage. This fixes some issues I'd found with add_path rejecting parameterized paths on the grounds that they were more expensive than not-parameterized ones, even though they yielded many fewer rows and hence would be cheaper once subsequent joining was considered. To make the same-rowcounts assumption valid, we have to require that any parameterized path enforce *all* join clauses that could be obtained from the particular set of outer rels, even if not all of them are useful for indexing. This is required at both base scans and joins. It's a good thing anyway since the net impact is that join quals are checked at the lowest practical level in the join tree. Hence, discard the original rather ad-hoc mechanism for choosing parameterization joinquals, and build a better one that has a more principled rule for when clauses can be moved. The original rule was actually buggy anyway for lack of knowledge about which relations are part of an outer join's outer side; getting this right requires adding an outer_relids field to RestrictInfo.
2012-04-19 21:52:46 +02:00
explain (costs off)
select * from tenk1 t1 left join
(tenk1 t2 join tenk1 t3 on t2.thousand = t3.unique2)
on t1.hundred = t2.hundred and t1.ten + t2.ten = t3.ten
where t1.unique1 = 1;
QUERY PLAN
--------------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop Left Join
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 t1
Index Cond: (unique1 = 1)
-> Nested Loop
Join Filter: ((t1.ten + t2.ten) = t3.ten)
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 t2
Recheck Cond: (t1.hundred = hundred)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_hundred
Index Cond: (t1.hundred = hundred)
Revise parameterized-path mechanism to fix assorted issues. This patch adjusts the treatment of parameterized paths so that all paths with the same parameterization (same set of required outer rels) for the same relation will have the same rowcount estimate. We cache the rowcount estimates to ensure that property, and hopefully save a few cycles too. Doing this makes it practical for add_path_precheck to operate without a rowcount estimate: it need only assume that paths with different parameterizations never dominate each other, which is close enough to true anyway for coarse filtering, because normally a more-parameterized path should yield fewer rows thanks to having more join clauses to apply. In add_path, we do the full nine yards of comparing rowcount estimates along with everything else, so that we can discard parameterized paths that don't actually have an advantage. This fixes some issues I'd found with add_path rejecting parameterized paths on the grounds that they were more expensive than not-parameterized ones, even though they yielded many fewer rows and hence would be cheaper once subsequent joining was considered. To make the same-rowcounts assumption valid, we have to require that any parameterized path enforce *all* join clauses that could be obtained from the particular set of outer rels, even if not all of them are useful for indexing. This is required at both base scans and joins. It's a good thing anyway since the net impact is that join quals are checked at the lowest practical level in the join tree. Hence, discard the original rather ad-hoc mechanism for choosing parameterization joinquals, and build a better one that has a more principled rule for when clauses can be moved. The original rule was actually buggy anyway for lack of knowledge about which relations are part of an outer join's outer side; getting this right requires adding an outer_relids field to RestrictInfo.
2012-04-19 21:52:46 +02:00
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 t3
Index Cond: (unique2 = t2.thousand)
(11 rows)
Revise parameterized-path mechanism to fix assorted issues. This patch adjusts the treatment of parameterized paths so that all paths with the same parameterization (same set of required outer rels) for the same relation will have the same rowcount estimate. We cache the rowcount estimates to ensure that property, and hopefully save a few cycles too. Doing this makes it practical for add_path_precheck to operate without a rowcount estimate: it need only assume that paths with different parameterizations never dominate each other, which is close enough to true anyway for coarse filtering, because normally a more-parameterized path should yield fewer rows thanks to having more join clauses to apply. In add_path, we do the full nine yards of comparing rowcount estimates along with everything else, so that we can discard parameterized paths that don't actually have an advantage. This fixes some issues I'd found with add_path rejecting parameterized paths on the grounds that they were more expensive than not-parameterized ones, even though they yielded many fewer rows and hence would be cheaper once subsequent joining was considered. To make the same-rowcounts assumption valid, we have to require that any parameterized path enforce *all* join clauses that could be obtained from the particular set of outer rels, even if not all of them are useful for indexing. This is required at both base scans and joins. It's a good thing anyway since the net impact is that join quals are checked at the lowest practical level in the join tree. Hence, discard the original rather ad-hoc mechanism for choosing parameterization joinquals, and build a better one that has a more principled rule for when clauses can be moved. The original rule was actually buggy anyway for lack of knowledge about which relations are part of an outer join's outer side; getting this right requires adding an outer_relids field to RestrictInfo.
2012-04-19 21:52:46 +02:00
explain (costs off)
select count(*) from
tenk1 a join tenk1 b on a.unique1 = b.unique2
left join tenk1 c on a.unique2 = b.unique1 and c.thousand = a.thousand
join int4_tbl on b.thousand = f1;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revise parameterized-path mechanism to fix assorted issues. This patch adjusts the treatment of parameterized paths so that all paths with the same parameterization (same set of required outer rels) for the same relation will have the same rowcount estimate. We cache the rowcount estimates to ensure that property, and hopefully save a few cycles too. Doing this makes it practical for add_path_precheck to operate without a rowcount estimate: it need only assume that paths with different parameterizations never dominate each other, which is close enough to true anyway for coarse filtering, because normally a more-parameterized path should yield fewer rows thanks to having more join clauses to apply. In add_path, we do the full nine yards of comparing rowcount estimates along with everything else, so that we can discard parameterized paths that don't actually have an advantage. This fixes some issues I'd found with add_path rejecting parameterized paths on the grounds that they were more expensive than not-parameterized ones, even though they yielded many fewer rows and hence would be cheaper once subsequent joining was considered. To make the same-rowcounts assumption valid, we have to require that any parameterized path enforce *all* join clauses that could be obtained from the particular set of outer rels, even if not all of them are useful for indexing. This is required at both base scans and joins. It's a good thing anyway since the net impact is that join quals are checked at the lowest practical level in the join tree. Hence, discard the original rather ad-hoc mechanism for choosing parameterization joinquals, and build a better one that has a more principled rule for when clauses can be moved. The original rule was actually buggy anyway for lack of knowledge about which relations are part of an outer join's outer side; getting this right requires adding an outer_relids field to RestrictInfo.
2012-04-19 21:52:46 +02:00
Aggregate
-> Nested Loop Left Join
Join Filter: (a.unique2 = b.unique1)
-> Nested Loop
-> Nested Loop
-> Seq Scan on int4_tbl
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 b
Recheck Cond: (thousand = int4_tbl.f1)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
Index Cond: (thousand = int4_tbl.f1)
Revise parameterized-path mechanism to fix assorted issues. This patch adjusts the treatment of parameterized paths so that all paths with the same parameterization (same set of required outer rels) for the same relation will have the same rowcount estimate. We cache the rowcount estimates to ensure that property, and hopefully save a few cycles too. Doing this makes it practical for add_path_precheck to operate without a rowcount estimate: it need only assume that paths with different parameterizations never dominate each other, which is close enough to true anyway for coarse filtering, because normally a more-parameterized path should yield fewer rows thanks to having more join clauses to apply. In add_path, we do the full nine yards of comparing rowcount estimates along with everything else, so that we can discard parameterized paths that don't actually have an advantage. This fixes some issues I'd found with add_path rejecting parameterized paths on the grounds that they were more expensive than not-parameterized ones, even though they yielded many fewer rows and hence would be cheaper once subsequent joining was considered. To make the same-rowcounts assumption valid, we have to require that any parameterized path enforce *all* join clauses that could be obtained from the particular set of outer rels, even if not all of them are useful for indexing. This is required at both base scans and joins. It's a good thing anyway since the net impact is that join quals are checked at the lowest practical level in the join tree. Hence, discard the original rather ad-hoc mechanism for choosing parameterization joinquals, and build a better one that has a more principled rule for when clauses can be moved. The original rule was actually buggy anyway for lack of knowledge about which relations are part of an outer join's outer side; getting this right requires adding an outer_relids field to RestrictInfo.
2012-04-19 21:52:46 +02:00
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 a
Index Cond: (unique1 = b.unique2)
-> Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 c
Index Cond: (thousand = a.thousand)
(14 rows)
Revise parameterized-path mechanism to fix assorted issues. This patch adjusts the treatment of parameterized paths so that all paths with the same parameterization (same set of required outer rels) for the same relation will have the same rowcount estimate. We cache the rowcount estimates to ensure that property, and hopefully save a few cycles too. Doing this makes it practical for add_path_precheck to operate without a rowcount estimate: it need only assume that paths with different parameterizations never dominate each other, which is close enough to true anyway for coarse filtering, because normally a more-parameterized path should yield fewer rows thanks to having more join clauses to apply. In add_path, we do the full nine yards of comparing rowcount estimates along with everything else, so that we can discard parameterized paths that don't actually have an advantage. This fixes some issues I'd found with add_path rejecting parameterized paths on the grounds that they were more expensive than not-parameterized ones, even though they yielded many fewer rows and hence would be cheaper once subsequent joining was considered. To make the same-rowcounts assumption valid, we have to require that any parameterized path enforce *all* join clauses that could be obtained from the particular set of outer rels, even if not all of them are useful for indexing. This is required at both base scans and joins. It's a good thing anyway since the net impact is that join quals are checked at the lowest practical level in the join tree. Hence, discard the original rather ad-hoc mechanism for choosing parameterization joinquals, and build a better one that has a more principled rule for when clauses can be moved. The original rule was actually buggy anyway for lack of knowledge about which relations are part of an outer join's outer side; getting this right requires adding an outer_relids field to RestrictInfo.
2012-04-19 21:52:46 +02:00
select count(*) from
tenk1 a join tenk1 b on a.unique1 = b.unique2
left join tenk1 c on a.unique2 = b.unique1 and c.thousand = a.thousand
join int4_tbl on b.thousand = f1;
count
-------
10
(1 row)
explain (costs off)
select b.unique1 from
tenk1 a join tenk1 b on a.unique1 = b.unique2
left join tenk1 c on b.unique1 = 42 and c.thousand = a.thousand
join int4_tbl i1 on b.thousand = f1
right join int4_tbl i2 on i2.f1 = b.tenthous
order by 1;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sort
Sort Key: b.unique1
-> Nested Loop Left Join
-> Seq Scan on int4_tbl i2
-> Nested Loop Left Join
Join Filter: (b.unique1 = 42)
-> Nested Loop
Revise parameterized-path mechanism to fix assorted issues. This patch adjusts the treatment of parameterized paths so that all paths with the same parameterization (same set of required outer rels) for the same relation will have the same rowcount estimate. We cache the rowcount estimates to ensure that property, and hopefully save a few cycles too. Doing this makes it practical for add_path_precheck to operate without a rowcount estimate: it need only assume that paths with different parameterizations never dominate each other, which is close enough to true anyway for coarse filtering, because normally a more-parameterized path should yield fewer rows thanks to having more join clauses to apply. In add_path, we do the full nine yards of comparing rowcount estimates along with everything else, so that we can discard parameterized paths that don't actually have an advantage. This fixes some issues I'd found with add_path rejecting parameterized paths on the grounds that they were more expensive than not-parameterized ones, even though they yielded many fewer rows and hence would be cheaper once subsequent joining was considered. To make the same-rowcounts assumption valid, we have to require that any parameterized path enforce *all* join clauses that could be obtained from the particular set of outer rels, even if not all of them are useful for indexing. This is required at both base scans and joins. It's a good thing anyway since the net impact is that join quals are checked at the lowest practical level in the join tree. Hence, discard the original rather ad-hoc mechanism for choosing parameterization joinquals, and build a better one that has a more principled rule for when clauses can be moved. The original rule was actually buggy anyway for lack of knowledge about which relations are part of an outer join's outer side; getting this right requires adding an outer_relids field to RestrictInfo.
2012-04-19 21:52:46 +02:00
-> Nested Loop
-> Seq Scan on int4_tbl i1
Revise parameterized-path mechanism to fix assorted issues. This patch adjusts the treatment of parameterized paths so that all paths with the same parameterization (same set of required outer rels) for the same relation will have the same rowcount estimate. We cache the rowcount estimates to ensure that property, and hopefully save a few cycles too. Doing this makes it practical for add_path_precheck to operate without a rowcount estimate: it need only assume that paths with different parameterizations never dominate each other, which is close enough to true anyway for coarse filtering, because normally a more-parameterized path should yield fewer rows thanks to having more join clauses to apply. In add_path, we do the full nine yards of comparing rowcount estimates along with everything else, so that we can discard parameterized paths that don't actually have an advantage. This fixes some issues I'd found with add_path rejecting parameterized paths on the grounds that they were more expensive than not-parameterized ones, even though they yielded many fewer rows and hence would be cheaper once subsequent joining was considered. To make the same-rowcounts assumption valid, we have to require that any parameterized path enforce *all* join clauses that could be obtained from the particular set of outer rels, even if not all of them are useful for indexing. This is required at both base scans and joins. It's a good thing anyway since the net impact is that join quals are checked at the lowest practical level in the join tree. Hence, discard the original rather ad-hoc mechanism for choosing parameterization joinquals, and build a better one that has a more principled rule for when clauses can be moved. The original rule was actually buggy anyway for lack of knowledge about which relations are part of an outer join's outer side; getting this right requires adding an outer_relids field to RestrictInfo.
2012-04-19 21:52:46 +02:00
-> Index Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 b
Index Cond: ((thousand = i1.f1) AND (i2.f1 = tenthous))
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 a
Index Cond: (unique1 = b.unique2)
-> Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 c
Index Cond: (thousand = a.thousand)
Revise parameterized-path mechanism to fix assorted issues. This patch adjusts the treatment of parameterized paths so that all paths with the same parameterization (same set of required outer rels) for the same relation will have the same rowcount estimate. We cache the rowcount estimates to ensure that property, and hopefully save a few cycles too. Doing this makes it practical for add_path_precheck to operate without a rowcount estimate: it need only assume that paths with different parameterizations never dominate each other, which is close enough to true anyway for coarse filtering, because normally a more-parameterized path should yield fewer rows thanks to having more join clauses to apply. In add_path, we do the full nine yards of comparing rowcount estimates along with everything else, so that we can discard parameterized paths that don't actually have an advantage. This fixes some issues I'd found with add_path rejecting parameterized paths on the grounds that they were more expensive than not-parameterized ones, even though they yielded many fewer rows and hence would be cheaper once subsequent joining was considered. To make the same-rowcounts assumption valid, we have to require that any parameterized path enforce *all* join clauses that could be obtained from the particular set of outer rels, even if not all of them are useful for indexing. This is required at both base scans and joins. It's a good thing anyway since the net impact is that join quals are checked at the lowest practical level in the join tree. Hence, discard the original rather ad-hoc mechanism for choosing parameterization joinquals, and build a better one that has a more principled rule for when clauses can be moved. The original rule was actually buggy anyway for lack of knowledge about which relations are part of an outer join's outer side; getting this right requires adding an outer_relids field to RestrictInfo.
2012-04-19 21:52:46 +02:00
(15 rows)
select b.unique1 from
tenk1 a join tenk1 b on a.unique1 = b.unique2
left join tenk1 c on b.unique1 = 42 and c.thousand = a.thousand
join int4_tbl i1 on b.thousand = f1
right join int4_tbl i2 on i2.f1 = b.tenthous
order by 1;
unique1
---------
0
(5 rows)
Postpone creation of pathkeys lists to fix bug #8049. This patch gets rid of the concept of, and infrastructure for, non-canonical PathKeys; we now only ever create canonical pathkey lists. The need for non-canonical pathkeys came from the desire to have grouping_planner initialize query_pathkeys and related pathkey lists before calling query_planner. However, since query_planner didn't actually *do* anything with those lists before they'd been made canonical, we can get rid of the whole mess by just not creating the lists at all until the point where we formerly canonicalized them. There are several ways in which we could implement that without making query_planner itself deal with grouping/sorting features (which are supposed to be the province of grouping_planner). I chose to add a callback function to query_planner's API; other alternatives would have required adding more fields to PlannerInfo, which while not bad in itself would create an ABI break for planner-related plugins in the 9.2 release series. This still breaks ABI for anything that calls query_planner directly, but it seems somewhat unlikely that there are any such plugins. I had originally conceived of this change as merely a step on the way to fixing bug #8049 from Teun Hoogendoorn; but it turns out that this fixes that bug all by itself, as per the added regression test. The reason is that now get_eclass_for_sort_expr is adding the ORDER BY expression at the end of EquivalenceClass creation not the start, and so anything that is in a multi-member EquivalenceClass has already been created with correct em_nullable_relids. I am suspicious that there are related scenarios in which we still need to teach get_eclass_for_sort_expr to compute correct nullable_relids, but am not eager to risk destabilizing either 9.2 or 9.3 to fix bugs that are only hypothetical. So for the moment, do this and stop here. Back-patch to 9.2 but not to earlier branches, since they don't exhibit this bug for lack of join-clause-movement logic that depends on em_nullable_relids being correct. (We might have to revisit that choice if any related bugs turn up.) In 9.2, don't change the signature of make_pathkeys_for_sortclauses nor remove canonicalize_pathkeys, so as not to risk more plugin breakage than we have to.
2013-04-29 20:49:01 +02:00
explain (costs off)
select * from
(
select unique1, q1, coalesce(unique1, -1) + q1 as fault
from int8_tbl left join tenk1 on (q2 = unique2)
) ss
where fault = 122
order by fault;
QUERY PLAN
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Postpone creation of pathkeys lists to fix bug #8049. This patch gets rid of the concept of, and infrastructure for, non-canonical PathKeys; we now only ever create canonical pathkey lists. The need for non-canonical pathkeys came from the desire to have grouping_planner initialize query_pathkeys and related pathkey lists before calling query_planner. However, since query_planner didn't actually *do* anything with those lists before they'd been made canonical, we can get rid of the whole mess by just not creating the lists at all until the point where we formerly canonicalized them. There are several ways in which we could implement that without making query_planner itself deal with grouping/sorting features (which are supposed to be the province of grouping_planner). I chose to add a callback function to query_planner's API; other alternatives would have required adding more fields to PlannerInfo, which while not bad in itself would create an ABI break for planner-related plugins in the 9.2 release series. This still breaks ABI for anything that calls query_planner directly, but it seems somewhat unlikely that there are any such plugins. I had originally conceived of this change as merely a step on the way to fixing bug #8049 from Teun Hoogendoorn; but it turns out that this fixes that bug all by itself, as per the added regression test. The reason is that now get_eclass_for_sort_expr is adding the ORDER BY expression at the end of EquivalenceClass creation not the start, and so anything that is in a multi-member EquivalenceClass has already been created with correct em_nullable_relids. I am suspicious that there are related scenarios in which we still need to teach get_eclass_for_sort_expr to compute correct nullable_relids, but am not eager to risk destabilizing either 9.2 or 9.3 to fix bugs that are only hypothetical. So for the moment, do this and stop here. Back-patch to 9.2 but not to earlier branches, since they don't exhibit this bug for lack of join-clause-movement logic that depends on em_nullable_relids being correct. (We might have to revisit that choice if any related bugs turn up.) In 9.2, don't change the signature of make_pathkeys_for_sortclauses nor remove canonicalize_pathkeys, so as not to risk more plugin breakage than we have to.
2013-04-29 20:49:01 +02:00
Nested Loop Left Join
Filter: ((COALESCE(tenk1.unique1, '-1'::integer) + int8_tbl.q1) = 122)
Postpone creation of pathkeys lists to fix bug #8049. This patch gets rid of the concept of, and infrastructure for, non-canonical PathKeys; we now only ever create canonical pathkey lists. The need for non-canonical pathkeys came from the desire to have grouping_planner initialize query_pathkeys and related pathkey lists before calling query_planner. However, since query_planner didn't actually *do* anything with those lists before they'd been made canonical, we can get rid of the whole mess by just not creating the lists at all until the point where we formerly canonicalized them. There are several ways in which we could implement that without making query_planner itself deal with grouping/sorting features (which are supposed to be the province of grouping_planner). I chose to add a callback function to query_planner's API; other alternatives would have required adding more fields to PlannerInfo, which while not bad in itself would create an ABI break for planner-related plugins in the 9.2 release series. This still breaks ABI for anything that calls query_planner directly, but it seems somewhat unlikely that there are any such plugins. I had originally conceived of this change as merely a step on the way to fixing bug #8049 from Teun Hoogendoorn; but it turns out that this fixes that bug all by itself, as per the added regression test. The reason is that now get_eclass_for_sort_expr is adding the ORDER BY expression at the end of EquivalenceClass creation not the start, and so anything that is in a multi-member EquivalenceClass has already been created with correct em_nullable_relids. I am suspicious that there are related scenarios in which we still need to teach get_eclass_for_sort_expr to compute correct nullable_relids, but am not eager to risk destabilizing either 9.2 or 9.3 to fix bugs that are only hypothetical. So for the moment, do this and stop here. Back-patch to 9.2 but not to earlier branches, since they don't exhibit this bug for lack of join-clause-movement logic that depends on em_nullable_relids being correct. (We might have to revisit that choice if any related bugs turn up.) In 9.2, don't change the signature of make_pathkeys_for_sortclauses nor remove canonicalize_pathkeys, so as not to risk more plugin breakage than we have to.
2013-04-29 20:49:01 +02:00
-> Seq Scan on int8_tbl
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1
Index Cond: (int8_tbl.q2 = unique2)
(5 rows)
select * from
(
select unique1, q1, coalesce(unique1, -1) + q1 as fault
from int8_tbl left join tenk1 on (q2 = unique2)
) ss
where fault = 122
order by fault;
unique1 | q1 | fault
---------+-----+-------
| 123 | 122
(1 row)
Fix planning of non-strict equivalence clauses above outer joins. If a potential equivalence clause references a variable from the nullable side of an outer join, the planner needs to take care that derived clauses are not pushed to below the outer join; else they may use the wrong value for the variable. (The problem arises only with non-strict clauses, since if an upper clause can be proven strict then the outer join will get simplified to a plain join.) The planner attempted to prevent this type of error by checking that potential equivalence clauses aren't outerjoin-delayed as a whole, but actually we have to check each side separately, since the two sides of the clause will get moved around separately if it's treated as an equivalence. Bugs of this type can be demonstrated as far back as 7.4, even though releases before 8.3 had only a very ad-hoc notion of equivalence clauses. In addition, we neglected to account for the possibility that such clauses might have nonempty nullable_relids even when not outerjoin-delayed; so the equivalence-class machinery lacked logic to compute correct nullable_relids values for clauses it constructs. This oversight was harmless before 9.2 because we were only using RestrictInfo.nullable_relids for OR clauses; but as of 9.2 it could result in pushing constructed equivalence clauses to incorrect places. (This accounts for bug #7604 from Bill MacArthur.) Fix the first problem by adding a new test check_equivalence_delay() in distribute_qual_to_rels, and fix the second one by adding code in equivclass.c and called functions to set correct nullable_relids for generated clauses. Although I believe the second part of this is not currently necessary before 9.2, I chose to back-patch it anyway, partly to keep the logic similar across branches and partly because it seems possible we might find other reasons why we need valid values of nullable_relids in the older branches. Add regression tests illustrating these problems. In 9.0 and up, also add test cases checking that we can push constants through outer joins, since we've broken that optimization before and I nearly broke it again with an overly simplistic patch for this problem.
2012-10-18 18:28:45 +02:00
--
-- test handling of potential equivalence clauses above outer joins
--
explain (costs off)
select q1, unique2, thousand, hundred
from int8_tbl a left join tenk1 b on q1 = unique2
where coalesce(thousand,123) = q1 and q1 = coalesce(hundred,123);
QUERY PLAN
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop Left Join
Filter: ((COALESCE(b.thousand, 123) = a.q1) AND (a.q1 = COALESCE(b.hundred, 123)))
-> Seq Scan on int8_tbl a
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
Index Cond: (a.q1 = unique2)
(5 rows)
select q1, unique2, thousand, hundred
from int8_tbl a left join tenk1 b on q1 = unique2
where coalesce(thousand,123) = q1 and q1 = coalesce(hundred,123);
q1 | unique2 | thousand | hundred
----+---------+----------+---------
(0 rows)
explain (costs off)
select f1, unique2, case when unique2 is null then f1 else 0 end
from int4_tbl a left join tenk1 b on f1 = unique2
where (case when unique2 is null then f1 else 0 end) = 0;
QUERY PLAN
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop Left Join
Filter: (CASE WHEN (b.unique2 IS NULL) THEN a.f1 ELSE 0 END = 0)
-> Seq Scan on int4_tbl a
-> Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
Index Cond: (unique2 = a.f1)
(5 rows)
select f1, unique2, case when unique2 is null then f1 else 0 end
from int4_tbl a left join tenk1 b on f1 = unique2
where (case when unique2 is null then f1 else 0 end) = 0;
f1 | unique2 | case
----+---------+------
0 | 0 | 0
(1 row)
Compute correct em_nullable_relids in get_eclass_for_sort_expr(). Bug #8591 from Claudio Freire demonstrates that get_eclass_for_sort_expr must be able to compute valid em_nullable_relids for any new equivalence class members it creates. I'd worried about this in the commit message for db9f0e1d9a4a0842c814a464cdc9758c3f20b96c, but claimed that it wasn't a problem because multi-member ECs should already exist when it runs. That is transparently wrong, though, because this function is also called by initialize_mergeclause_eclasses, which runs during deconstruct_jointree. The example given in the bug report (which the new regression test item is based upon) fails because the COALESCE() expression is first seen by initialize_mergeclause_eclasses rather than process_equivalence. Fixing this requires passing the appropriate nullable_relids set to get_eclass_for_sort_expr, and it requires new code to compute that set for top-level expressions such as ORDER BY, GROUP BY, etc. We store the top-level nullable_relids in a new field in PlannerInfo to avoid computing it many times. In the back branches, I've added the new field at the end of the struct to minimize ABI breakage for planner plugins. There doesn't seem to be a good alternative to changing get_eclass_for_sort_expr's API signature, though. There probably aren't any third-party extensions calling that function directly; moreover, if there are, they probably need to think about what to pass for nullable_relids anyway. Back-patch to 9.2, like the previous patch in this area.
2013-11-15 22:46:18 +01:00
--
-- another case with equivalence clauses above outer joins (bug #8591)
--
explain (costs off)
select a.unique1, b.unique1, c.unique1, coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand)
from tenk1 a left join tenk1 b on b.thousand = a.unique1 left join tenk1 c on c.unique2 = coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand)
where a.unique2 < 10 and coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand) = 44;
Compute correct em_nullable_relids in get_eclass_for_sort_expr(). Bug #8591 from Claudio Freire demonstrates that get_eclass_for_sort_expr must be able to compute valid em_nullable_relids for any new equivalence class members it creates. I'd worried about this in the commit message for db9f0e1d9a4a0842c814a464cdc9758c3f20b96c, but claimed that it wasn't a problem because multi-member ECs should already exist when it runs. That is transparently wrong, though, because this function is also called by initialize_mergeclause_eclasses, which runs during deconstruct_jointree. The example given in the bug report (which the new regression test item is based upon) fails because the COALESCE() expression is first seen by initialize_mergeclause_eclasses rather than process_equivalence. Fixing this requires passing the appropriate nullable_relids set to get_eclass_for_sort_expr, and it requires new code to compute that set for top-level expressions such as ORDER BY, GROUP BY, etc. We store the top-level nullable_relids in a new field in PlannerInfo to avoid computing it many times. In the back branches, I've added the new field at the end of the struct to minimize ABI breakage for planner plugins. There doesn't seem to be a good alternative to changing get_eclass_for_sort_expr's API signature, though. There probably aren't any third-party extensions calling that function directly; moreover, if there are, they probably need to think about what to pass for nullable_relids anyway. Back-patch to 9.2, like the previous patch in this area.
2013-11-15 22:46:18 +01:00
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop Left Join
-> Nested Loop Left Join
Filter: (COALESCE(b.twothousand, a.twothousand) = 44)
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 a
Index Cond: (unique2 < 10)
Compute correct em_nullable_relids in get_eclass_for_sort_expr(). Bug #8591 from Claudio Freire demonstrates that get_eclass_for_sort_expr must be able to compute valid em_nullable_relids for any new equivalence class members it creates. I'd worried about this in the commit message for db9f0e1d9a4a0842c814a464cdc9758c3f20b96c, but claimed that it wasn't a problem because multi-member ECs should already exist when it runs. That is transparently wrong, though, because this function is also called by initialize_mergeclause_eclasses, which runs during deconstruct_jointree. The example given in the bug report (which the new regression test item is based upon) fails because the COALESCE() expression is first seen by initialize_mergeclause_eclasses rather than process_equivalence. Fixing this requires passing the appropriate nullable_relids set to get_eclass_for_sort_expr, and it requires new code to compute that set for top-level expressions such as ORDER BY, GROUP BY, etc. We store the top-level nullable_relids in a new field in PlannerInfo to avoid computing it many times. In the back branches, I've added the new field at the end of the struct to minimize ABI breakage for planner plugins. There doesn't seem to be a good alternative to changing get_eclass_for_sort_expr's API signature, though. There probably aren't any third-party extensions calling that function directly; moreover, if there are, they probably need to think about what to pass for nullable_relids anyway. Back-patch to 9.2, like the previous patch in this area.
2013-11-15 22:46:18 +01:00
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 b
Recheck Cond: (thousand = a.unique1)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
Index Cond: (thousand = a.unique1)
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 c
Index Cond: ((unique2 = COALESCE(b.twothousand, a.twothousand)) AND (unique2 = 44))
(11 rows)
select a.unique1, b.unique1, c.unique1, coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand)
from tenk1 a left join tenk1 b on b.thousand = a.unique1 left join tenk1 c on c.unique2 = coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand)
where a.unique2 < 10 and coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand) = 44;
Compute correct em_nullable_relids in get_eclass_for_sort_expr(). Bug #8591 from Claudio Freire demonstrates that get_eclass_for_sort_expr must be able to compute valid em_nullable_relids for any new equivalence class members it creates. I'd worried about this in the commit message for db9f0e1d9a4a0842c814a464cdc9758c3f20b96c, but claimed that it wasn't a problem because multi-member ECs should already exist when it runs. That is transparently wrong, though, because this function is also called by initialize_mergeclause_eclasses, which runs during deconstruct_jointree. The example given in the bug report (which the new regression test item is based upon) fails because the COALESCE() expression is first seen by initialize_mergeclause_eclasses rather than process_equivalence. Fixing this requires passing the appropriate nullable_relids set to get_eclass_for_sort_expr, and it requires new code to compute that set for top-level expressions such as ORDER BY, GROUP BY, etc. We store the top-level nullable_relids in a new field in PlannerInfo to avoid computing it many times. In the back branches, I've added the new field at the end of the struct to minimize ABI breakage for planner plugins. There doesn't seem to be a good alternative to changing get_eclass_for_sort_expr's API signature, though. There probably aren't any third-party extensions calling that function directly; moreover, if there are, they probably need to think about what to pass for nullable_relids anyway. Back-patch to 9.2, like the previous patch in this area.
2013-11-15 22:46:18 +01:00
unique1 | unique1 | unique1 | coalesce
---------+---------+---------+----------
(0 rows)
--
-- check handling of join aliases when flattening multiple levels of subquery
--
explain (verbose, costs off)
select foo1.join_key as foo1_id, foo3.join_key AS foo3_id, bug_field from
(values (0),(1)) foo1(join_key)
left join
(select join_key, bug_field from
(select ss1.join_key, ss1.bug_field from
(select f1 as join_key, 666 as bug_field from int4_tbl i1) ss1
) foo2
left join
(select unique2 as join_key from tenk1 i2) ss2
using (join_key)
) foo3
using (join_key);
QUERY PLAN
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop Left Join
Output: "*VALUES*".column1, i1.f1, (666)
Join Filter: ("*VALUES*".column1 = i1.f1)
-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
Output: "*VALUES*".column1
-> Materialize
Output: i1.f1, (666)
-> Nested Loop Left Join
Output: i1.f1, 666
-> Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i1
Output: i1.f1
-> Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on public.tenk1 i2
Output: i2.unique2
Index Cond: (i2.unique2 = i1.f1)
(14 rows)
select foo1.join_key as foo1_id, foo3.join_key AS foo3_id, bug_field from
(values (0),(1)) foo1(join_key)
left join
(select join_key, bug_field from
(select ss1.join_key, ss1.bug_field from
(select f1 as join_key, 666 as bug_field from int4_tbl i1) ss1
) foo2
left join
(select unique2 as join_key from tenk1 i2) ss2
using (join_key)
) foo3
using (join_key);
foo1_id | foo3_id | bug_field
---------+---------+-----------
0 | 0 | 666
1 | |
(2 rows)
Fix planning of non-strict equivalence clauses above outer joins. If a potential equivalence clause references a variable from the nullable side of an outer join, the planner needs to take care that derived clauses are not pushed to below the outer join; else they may use the wrong value for the variable. (The problem arises only with non-strict clauses, since if an upper clause can be proven strict then the outer join will get simplified to a plain join.) The planner attempted to prevent this type of error by checking that potential equivalence clauses aren't outerjoin-delayed as a whole, but actually we have to check each side separately, since the two sides of the clause will get moved around separately if it's treated as an equivalence. Bugs of this type can be demonstrated as far back as 7.4, even though releases before 8.3 had only a very ad-hoc notion of equivalence clauses. In addition, we neglected to account for the possibility that such clauses might have nonempty nullable_relids even when not outerjoin-delayed; so the equivalence-class machinery lacked logic to compute correct nullable_relids values for clauses it constructs. This oversight was harmless before 9.2 because we were only using RestrictInfo.nullable_relids for OR clauses; but as of 9.2 it could result in pushing constructed equivalence clauses to incorrect places. (This accounts for bug #7604 from Bill MacArthur.) Fix the first problem by adding a new test check_equivalence_delay() in distribute_qual_to_rels, and fix the second one by adding code in equivclass.c and called functions to set correct nullable_relids for generated clauses. Although I believe the second part of this is not currently necessary before 9.2, I chose to back-patch it anyway, partly to keep the logic similar across branches and partly because it seems possible we might find other reasons why we need valid values of nullable_relids in the older branches. Add regression tests illustrating these problems. In 9.0 and up, also add test cases checking that we can push constants through outer joins, since we've broken that optimization before and I nearly broke it again with an overly simplistic patch for this problem.
2012-10-18 18:28:45 +02:00
--
-- test ability to push constants through outer join clauses
--
explain (costs off)
select * from int4_tbl a left join tenk1 b on f1 = unique2 where f1 = 0;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop Left Join
Join Filter: (a.f1 = b.unique2)
-> Seq Scan on int4_tbl a
Filter: (f1 = 0)
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
Index Cond: (unique2 = 0)
(6 rows)
explain (costs off)
select * from tenk1 a full join tenk1 b using(unique2) where unique2 = 42;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------
Merge Full Join
Merge Cond: (a.unique2 = b.unique2)
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 a
Index Cond: (unique2 = 42)
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
Index Cond: (unique2 = 42)
(6 rows)
--
-- test that quals attached to an outer join have correct semantics,
-- specifically that they don't re-use expressions computed below the join;
-- we force a mergejoin so that coalesce(b.q1, 1) appears as a join input
--
set enable_hashjoin to off;
set enable_nestloop to off;
explain (verbose, costs off)
select a.q2, b.q1
from int8_tbl a left join int8_tbl b on a.q2 = coalesce(b.q1, 1)
where coalesce(b.q1, 1) > 0;
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------------------------------
Merge Left Join
Output: a.q2, b.q1
Merge Cond: (a.q2 = (COALESCE(b.q1, '1'::bigint)))
Filter: (COALESCE(b.q1, '1'::bigint) > 0)
-> Sort
Output: a.q2
Sort Key: a.q2
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl a
Output: a.q2
-> Sort
Output: b.q1, (COALESCE(b.q1, '1'::bigint))
Sort Key: (COALESCE(b.q1, '1'::bigint))
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl b
Output: b.q1, COALESCE(b.q1, '1'::bigint)
(14 rows)
select a.q2, b.q1
from int8_tbl a left join int8_tbl b on a.q2 = coalesce(b.q1, 1)
where coalesce(b.q1, 1) > 0;
q2 | q1
-------------------+------------------
-4567890123456789 |
123 | 123
123 | 123
456 |
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
(10 rows)
reset enable_hashjoin;
reset enable_nestloop;
--
-- test join removal
--
begin;
CREATE TEMP TABLE a (id int PRIMARY KEY, b_id int);
CREATE TEMP TABLE b (id int PRIMARY KEY, c_id int);
CREATE TEMP TABLE c (id int PRIMARY KEY);
CREATE TEMP TABLE d (a int, b int);
INSERT INTO a VALUES (0, 0), (1, NULL);
INSERT INTO b VALUES (0, 0), (1, NULL);
INSERT INTO c VALUES (0), (1);
INSERT INTO d VALUES (1,3), (2,2), (3,1);
-- all three cases should be optimizable into a simple seqscan
explain (costs off) SELECT a.* FROM a LEFT JOIN b ON a.b_id = b.id;
QUERY PLAN
---------------
Seq Scan on a
(1 row)
explain (costs off) SELECT b.* FROM b LEFT JOIN c ON b.c_id = c.id;
QUERY PLAN
---------------
Seq Scan on b
(1 row)
explain (costs off)
SELECT a.* FROM a LEFT JOIN (b left join c on b.c_id = c.id)
ON (a.b_id = b.id);
QUERY PLAN
---------------
Seq Scan on a
(1 row)
-- check optimization of outer join within another special join
explain (costs off)
select id from a where id in (
select b.id from b left join c on b.id = c.id
);
QUERY PLAN
----------------------------
Hash Semi Join
Hash Cond: (a.id = b.id)
-> Seq Scan on a
-> Hash
-> Seq Scan on b
(5 rows)
-- check that join removal works for a left join when joining a subquery
-- that is guaranteed to be unique by its GROUP BY clause
explain (costs off)
select d.* from d left join (select * from b group by b.id, b.c_id) s
on d.a = s.id and d.b = s.c_id;
QUERY PLAN
---------------
Seq Scan on d
(1 row)
-- similarly, but keying off a DISTINCT clause
explain (costs off)
select d.* from d left join (select distinct * from b) s
on d.a = s.id and d.b = s.c_id;
QUERY PLAN
---------------
Seq Scan on d
(1 row)
-- join removal is not possible when the GROUP BY contains a column that is
-- not in the join condition
explain (costs off)
select d.* from d left join (select * from b group by b.id, b.c_id) s
on d.a = s.id;
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------------------
Merge Left Join
Merge Cond: (d.a = s.id)
-> Sort
Sort Key: d.a
-> Seq Scan on d
-> Sort
Sort Key: s.id
-> Subquery Scan on s
-> HashAggregate
Group Key: b.id, b.c_id
-> Seq Scan on b
(11 rows)
-- similarly, but keying off a DISTINCT clause
explain (costs off)
select d.* from d left join (select distinct * from b) s
on d.a = s.id;
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------------------
Merge Left Join
Merge Cond: (d.a = s.id)
-> Sort
Sort Key: d.a
-> Seq Scan on d
-> Sort
Sort Key: s.id
-> Subquery Scan on s
-> HashAggregate
Group Key: b.id, b.c_id
-> Seq Scan on b
(11 rows)
-- check join removal works when uniqueness of the join condition is enforced
-- by a UNION
explain (costs off)
select d.* from d left join (select id from a union select id from b) s
on d.a = s.id;
QUERY PLAN
---------------
Seq Scan on d
(1 row)
-- check join removal with a cross-type comparison operator
explain (costs off)
select i8.* from int8_tbl i8 left join (select f1 from int4_tbl group by f1) i4
on i8.q1 = i4.f1;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------
Seq Scan on int8_tbl i8
(1 row)
rollback;
create temp table parent (k int primary key, pd int);
create temp table child (k int unique, cd int);
insert into parent values (1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30);
insert into child values (1, 100), (4, 400);
-- this case is optimizable
select p.* from parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k);
k | pd
---+----
1 | 10
2 | 20
3 | 30
(3 rows)
explain (costs off)
select p.* from parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k);
QUERY PLAN
----------------------
Seq Scan on parent p
(1 row)
-- this case is not
select p.*, linked from parent p
left join (select c.*, true as linked from child c) as ss
on (p.k = ss.k);
k | pd | linked
---+----+--------
1 | 10 | t
2 | 20 |
3 | 30 |
(3 rows)
explain (costs off)
select p.*, linked from parent p
left join (select c.*, true as linked from child c) as ss
on (p.k = ss.k);
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------
Hash Left Join
Hash Cond: (p.k = c.k)
-> Seq Scan on parent p
-> Hash
-> Seq Scan on child c
(5 rows)
-- check for a 9.0rc1 bug: join removal breaks pseudoconstant qual handling
select p.* from
parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k)
where p.k = 1 and p.k = 2;
k | pd
---+----
(0 rows)
explain (costs off)
select p.* from
parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k)
where p.k = 1 and p.k = 2;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------
Result
One-Time Filter: false
-> Index Scan using parent_pkey on parent p
Index Cond: (k = 1)
(4 rows)
select p.* from
(parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k)) join parent x on p.k = x.k
where p.k = 1 and p.k = 2;
k | pd
---+----
(0 rows)
explain (costs off)
select p.* from
(parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k)) join parent x on p.k = x.k
where p.k = 1 and p.k = 2;
QUERY PLAN
--------------------------
Result
One-Time Filter: false
(2 rows)
-- bug 5255: this is not optimizable by join removal
begin;
CREATE TEMP TABLE a (id int PRIMARY KEY);
CREATE TEMP TABLE b (id int PRIMARY KEY, a_id int);
INSERT INTO a VALUES (0), (1);
INSERT INTO b VALUES (0, 0), (1, NULL);
SELECT * FROM b LEFT JOIN a ON (b.a_id = a.id) WHERE (a.id IS NULL OR a.id > 0);
id | a_id | id
----+------+----
1 | |
(1 row)
SELECT b.* FROM b LEFT JOIN a ON (b.a_id = a.id) WHERE (a.id IS NULL OR a.id > 0);
id | a_id
----+------
1 |
(1 row)
rollback;
-- another join removal bug: this is not optimizable, either
begin;
create temp table innertab (id int8 primary key, dat1 int8);
insert into innertab values(123, 42);
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT 1 AS x) ss1
LEFT JOIN
(SELECT q1, q2, COALESCE(dat1, q1) AS y
FROM int8_tbl LEFT JOIN innertab ON q2 = id) ss2
ON true;
x | q1 | q2 | y
---+------------------+-------------------+------------------
1 | 123 | 456 | 123
1 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 123
1 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 42
1 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
1 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
(5 rows)
rollback;
-- bug #8444: we've historically allowed duplicate aliases within aliased JOINs
select * from
int8_tbl x join (int4_tbl x cross join int4_tbl y) j on q1 = f1; -- error
ERROR: column reference "f1" is ambiguous
LINE 2: ..._tbl x join (int4_tbl x cross join int4_tbl y) j on q1 = f1;
^
select * from
int8_tbl x join (int4_tbl x cross join int4_tbl y) j on q1 = y.f1; -- error
ERROR: invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "y"
LINE 2: ...bl x join (int4_tbl x cross join int4_tbl y) j on q1 = y.f1;
^
HINT: There is an entry for table "y", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
select * from
int8_tbl x join (int4_tbl x cross join int4_tbl y(ff)) j on q1 = f1; -- ok
q1 | q2 | f1 | ff
----+----+----+----
(0 rows)
--
-- Test hints given on incorrect column references are useful
--
select t1.uunique1 from
tenk1 t1 join tenk2 t2 on t1.two = t2.two; -- error, prefer "t1" suggestipn
ERROR: column t1.uunique1 does not exist
LINE 1: select t1.uunique1 from
^
HINT: Perhaps you meant to reference the column "t1"."unique1".
select t2.uunique1 from
tenk1 t1 join tenk2 t2 on t1.two = t2.two; -- error, prefer "t2" suggestion
ERROR: column t2.uunique1 does not exist
LINE 1: select t2.uunique1 from
^
HINT: Perhaps you meant to reference the column "t2"."unique1".
select uunique1 from
tenk1 t1 join tenk2 t2 on t1.two = t2.two; -- error, suggest both at once
ERROR: column "uunique1" does not exist
LINE 1: select uunique1 from
^
HINT: Perhaps you meant to reference the column "t1"."unique1" or the column "t2"."unique1".
--
-- Take care to reference the correct RTE
--
select atts.relid::regclass, s.* from pg_stats s join
pg_attribute a on s.attname = a.attname and s.tablename =
a.attrelid::regclass::text join (select unnest(indkey) attnum,
indexrelid from pg_index i) atts on atts.attnum = a.attnum where
schemaname != 'pg_catalog';
ERROR: column atts.relid does not exist
LINE 1: select atts.relid::regclass, s.* from pg_stats s join
^
--
-- Test LATERAL
--
select unique2, x.*
from tenk1 a, lateral (select * from int4_tbl b where f1 = a.unique1) x;
unique2 | f1
---------+----
9998 | 0
(1 row)
explain (costs off)
select unique2, x.*
from tenk1 a, lateral (select * from int4_tbl b where f1 = a.unique1) x;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop
-> Seq Scan on int4_tbl b
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 a
Index Cond: (unique1 = b.f1)
(4 rows)
select unique2, x.*
from int4_tbl x, lateral (select unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss;
unique2 | f1
---------+----
9998 | 0
(1 row)
explain (costs off)
select unique2, x.*
from int4_tbl x, lateral (select unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------
Nested Loop
-> Seq Scan on int4_tbl x
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
Index Cond: (unique1 = x.f1)
(4 rows)
explain (costs off)
select unique2, x.*
from int4_tbl x cross join lateral (select unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------
Nested Loop
-> Seq Scan on int4_tbl x
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
Index Cond: (unique1 = x.f1)
(4 rows)
select unique2, x.*
from int4_tbl x left join lateral (select unique1, unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss on true;
unique2 | f1
---------+-------------
9998 | 0
| 123456
| -123456
| 2147483647
| -2147483647
(5 rows)
explain (costs off)
select unique2, x.*
from int4_tbl x left join lateral (select unique1, unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss on true;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------
Nested Loop Left Join
-> Seq Scan on int4_tbl x
-> Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
Index Cond: (x.f1 = unique1)
(4 rows)
-- check scoping of lateral versus parent references
-- the first of these should return int8_tbl.q2, the second int8_tbl.q1
select *, (select r from (select q1 as q2) x, (select q2 as r) y) from int8_tbl;
q1 | q2 | r
------------------+-------------------+-------------------
123 | 456 | 456
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
(5 rows)
select *, (select r from (select q1 as q2) x, lateral (select q2 as r) y) from int8_tbl;
q1 | q2 | r
------------------+-------------------+------------------
123 | 456 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
(5 rows)
-- lateral with function in FROM
select count(*) from tenk1 a, lateral generate_series(1,two) g;
count
-------
5000
(1 row)
explain (costs off)
select count(*) from tenk1 a, lateral generate_series(1,two) g;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------
Aggregate
-> Nested Loop
-> Seq Scan on tenk1 a
-> Function Scan on generate_series g
(4 rows)
explain (costs off)
select count(*) from tenk1 a cross join lateral generate_series(1,two) g;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------
Aggregate
-> Nested Loop
-> Seq Scan on tenk1 a
-> Function Scan on generate_series g
(4 rows)
-- don't need the explicit LATERAL keyword for functions
explain (costs off)
select count(*) from tenk1 a, generate_series(1,two) g;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------
Aggregate
-> Nested Loop
-> Seq Scan on tenk1 a
-> Function Scan on generate_series g
(4 rows)
-- lateral with UNION ALL subselect
explain (costs off)
select * from generate_series(100,200) g,
lateral (select * from int8_tbl a where g = q1 union all
select * from int8_tbl b where g = q2) ss;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------
Nested Loop
-> Function Scan on generate_series g
-> Append
-> Seq Scan on int8_tbl a
Filter: (g.g = q1)
-> Seq Scan on int8_tbl b
Filter: (g.g = q2)
(7 rows)
select * from generate_series(100,200) g,
lateral (select * from int8_tbl a where g = q1 union all
select * from int8_tbl b where g = q2) ss;
g | q1 | q2
-----+------------------+------------------
123 | 123 | 456
123 | 123 | 4567890123456789
123 | 4567890123456789 | 123
(3 rows)
-- lateral with VALUES
explain (costs off)
select count(*) from tenk1 a,
tenk1 b join lateral (values(a.unique1)) ss(x) on b.unique2 = ss.x;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------------------
Aggregate
-> Merge Join
Merge Cond: (a.unique1 = b.unique2)
-> Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 a
-> Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
(5 rows)
select count(*) from tenk1 a,
tenk1 b join lateral (values(a.unique1)) ss(x) on b.unique2 = ss.x;
count
-------
10000
(1 row)
-- lateral with VALUES, no flattening possible
explain (costs off)
select count(*) from tenk1 a,
tenk1 b join lateral (values(a.unique1),(-1)) ss(x) on b.unique2 = ss.x;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------------------------
Aggregate
-> Hash Join
Hash Cond: ("*VALUES*".column1 = b.unique2)
-> Nested Loop
-> Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 a
-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
-> Hash
-> Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
(8 rows)
select count(*) from tenk1 a,
tenk1 b join lateral (values(a.unique1),(-1)) ss(x) on b.unique2 = ss.x;
count
-------
10000
(1 row)
-- lateral injecting a strange outer join condition
explain (costs off)
select * from int8_tbl a,
int8_tbl x left join lateral (select a.q1 from int4_tbl y) ss(z)
on x.q2 = ss.z;
Adjust definition of cheapest_total_path to work better with LATERAL. In the initial cut at LATERAL, I kept the rule that cheapest_total_path was always unparameterized, which meant it had to be NULL if the relation has no unparameterized paths. It turns out to work much more nicely if we always have *some* path nominated as cheapest-total for each relation. In particular, let's still say it's the cheapest unparameterized path if there is one; if not, take the cheapest-total-cost path among those of the minimum available parameterization. (The first rule is actually a special case of the second.) This allows reversion of some temporary lobotomizations I'd put in place. In particular, the planner can now consider hash and merge joins for joins below a parameter-supplying nestloop, even if there aren't any unparameterized paths available. This should bring planning of LATERAL-containing queries to the same level as queries not using that feature. Along the way, simplify management of parameterized paths in add_path() and friends. In the original coding for parameterized paths in 9.2, I tried to minimize the logic changes in add_path(), so it just treated parameterization as yet another dimension of comparison for paths. We later made it ignore pathkeys (sort ordering) of parameterized paths, on the grounds that ordering isn't a useful property for the path on the inside of a nestloop, so we might as well get rid of useless parameterized paths as quickly as possible. But we didn't take that reasoning as far as we should have. Startup cost isn't a useful property inside a nestloop either, so add_path() ought to discount startup cost of parameterized paths as well. Having done that, the secondary sorting I'd implemented (in add_parameterized_path) is no longer needed --- any parameterized path that survives add_path() at all is worth considering at higher levels. So this should be a bit faster as well as simpler.
2012-08-30 04:05:27 +02:00
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------
Nested Loop
-> Seq Scan on int8_tbl a
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
-> Hash Right Join
Hash Cond: ((a.q1) = x.q2)
-> Seq Scan on int4_tbl y
Adjust definition of cheapest_total_path to work better with LATERAL. In the initial cut at LATERAL, I kept the rule that cheapest_total_path was always unparameterized, which meant it had to be NULL if the relation has no unparameterized paths. It turns out to work much more nicely if we always have *some* path nominated as cheapest-total for each relation. In particular, let's still say it's the cheapest unparameterized path if there is one; if not, take the cheapest-total-cost path among those of the minimum available parameterization. (The first rule is actually a special case of the second.) This allows reversion of some temporary lobotomizations I'd put in place. In particular, the planner can now consider hash and merge joins for joins below a parameter-supplying nestloop, even if there aren't any unparameterized paths available. This should bring planning of LATERAL-containing queries to the same level as queries not using that feature. Along the way, simplify management of parameterized paths in add_path() and friends. In the original coding for parameterized paths in 9.2, I tried to minimize the logic changes in add_path(), so it just treated parameterization as yet another dimension of comparison for paths. We later made it ignore pathkeys (sort ordering) of parameterized paths, on the grounds that ordering isn't a useful property for the path on the inside of a nestloop, so we might as well get rid of useless parameterized paths as quickly as possible. But we didn't take that reasoning as far as we should have. Startup cost isn't a useful property inside a nestloop either, so add_path() ought to discount startup cost of parameterized paths as well. Having done that, the secondary sorting I'd implemented (in add_parameterized_path) is no longer needed --- any parameterized path that survives add_path() at all is worth considering at higher levels. So this should be a bit faster as well as simpler.
2012-08-30 04:05:27 +02:00
-> Hash
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
-> Seq Scan on int8_tbl x
Adjust definition of cheapest_total_path to work better with LATERAL. In the initial cut at LATERAL, I kept the rule that cheapest_total_path was always unparameterized, which meant it had to be NULL if the relation has no unparameterized paths. It turns out to work much more nicely if we always have *some* path nominated as cheapest-total for each relation. In particular, let's still say it's the cheapest unparameterized path if there is one; if not, take the cheapest-total-cost path among those of the minimum available parameterization. (The first rule is actually a special case of the second.) This allows reversion of some temporary lobotomizations I'd put in place. In particular, the planner can now consider hash and merge joins for joins below a parameter-supplying nestloop, even if there aren't any unparameterized paths available. This should bring planning of LATERAL-containing queries to the same level as queries not using that feature. Along the way, simplify management of parameterized paths in add_path() and friends. In the original coding for parameterized paths in 9.2, I tried to minimize the logic changes in add_path(), so it just treated parameterization as yet another dimension of comparison for paths. We later made it ignore pathkeys (sort ordering) of parameterized paths, on the grounds that ordering isn't a useful property for the path on the inside of a nestloop, so we might as well get rid of useless parameterized paths as quickly as possible. But we didn't take that reasoning as far as we should have. Startup cost isn't a useful property inside a nestloop either, so add_path() ought to discount startup cost of parameterized paths as well. Having done that, the secondary sorting I'd implemented (in add_parameterized_path) is no longer needed --- any parameterized path that survives add_path() at all is worth considering at higher levels. So this should be a bit faster as well as simpler.
2012-08-30 04:05:27 +02:00
(7 rows)
select * from int8_tbl a,
int8_tbl x left join lateral (select a.q1 from int4_tbl y) ss(z)
on x.q2 = ss.z;
q1 | q2 | q1 | q2 | z
------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------
123 | 456 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
123 | 456 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
123 | 456 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
123 | 456 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
123 | 456 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
123 | 456 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
123 | 456 | 123 | 4567890123456789 |
123 | 456 | 123 | 456 |
123 | 456 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
123 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 |
123 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 456 |
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 123 |
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 456 |
4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 |
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 456 |
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 |
Fix some questionable edge-case behaviors in add_path() and friends. add_path_precheck was doing exact comparisons of path costs, but it really needs to do them fuzzily to be sure it won't reject paths that could survive add_path's comparisons. (This can only matter if the initial cost estimate is very close to the final one, but that turns out to often be true.) Also, it should ignore startup cost for this purpose if and only if compare_path_costs_fuzzily would do so. The previous coding always ignored startup cost for parameterized paths, which is wrong as of commit 3f59be836c555fa6; it could result in improper early rejection of paths that we care about for SEMI/ANTI joins. It also always considered startup cost for unparameterized paths, which is just as wrong though the only effect is to waste planner cycles on paths that can't survive. Instead, it should consider startup cost only when directed to by the consider_startup/ consider_param_startup relation flags. Likewise, compare_path_costs_fuzzily should have symmetrical behavior for parameterized and unparameterized paths. In this case, the best answer seems to be that after establishing that total costs are fuzzily equal, we should compare startup costs whether or not the consider_xxx flags are on. That is what it's always done for unparameterized paths, so let's make the behavior for parameterized paths match. These issues were noted while developing the SEMI/ANTI join costing fix of commit 3f59be836c555fa6, but we chose not to back-patch these fixes, because they can cause changes in the planner's choices among nearly-same-cost plans. (There is in fact one minor change in plan choice within the core regression tests.) Destabilizing plan choices in back branches without very clear improvements is frowned on, so we'll just fix this in HEAD.
2015-06-04 00:02:39 +02:00
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 123 | 456 |
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |
(57 rows)
-- lateral reference to a join alias variable
select * from (select f1/2 as x from int4_tbl) ss1 join int4_tbl i4 on x = f1,
lateral (select x) ss2(y);
x | f1 | y
---+----+---
0 | 0 | 0
(1 row)
select * from (select f1 as x from int4_tbl) ss1 join int4_tbl i4 on x = f1,
lateral (values(x)) ss2(y);
x | f1 | y
-------------+-------------+-------------
0 | 0 | 0
123456 | 123456 | 123456
-123456 | -123456 | -123456
2147483647 | 2147483647 | 2147483647
-2147483647 | -2147483647 | -2147483647
(5 rows)
select * from ((select f1/2 as x from int4_tbl) ss1 join int4_tbl i4 on x = f1) j,
lateral (select x) ss2(y);
x | f1 | y
---+----+---
0 | 0 | 0
(1 row)
-- lateral references requiring pullup
select * from (values(1)) x(lb),
lateral generate_series(lb,4) x4;
lb | x4
----+----
1 | 1
1 | 2
1 | 3
1 | 4
(4 rows)
select * from (select f1/1000000000 from int4_tbl) x(lb),
lateral generate_series(lb,4) x4;
lb | x4
----+----
0 | 0
0 | 1
0 | 2
0 | 3
0 | 4
0 | 0
0 | 1
0 | 2
0 | 3
0 | 4
0 | 0
0 | 1
0 | 2
0 | 3
0 | 4
2 | 2
2 | 3
2 | 4
-2 | -2
-2 | -1
-2 | 0
-2 | 1
-2 | 2
-2 | 3
-2 | 4
(25 rows)
select * from (values(1)) x(lb),
lateral (values(lb)) y(lbcopy);
lb | lbcopy
----+--------
1 | 1
(1 row)
select * from (values(1)) x(lb),
lateral (select lb from int4_tbl) y(lbcopy);
lb | lbcopy
----+--------
1 | 1
1 | 1
1 | 1
1 | 1
1 | 1
(5 rows)
select * from
int8_tbl x left join (select q1,coalesce(q2,0) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1,
lateral (values(x.q1,y.q1,y.q2)) v(xq1,yq1,yq2);
q1 | q2 | q1 | q2 | xq1 | yq1 | yq2
------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------
123 | 456 | | | 123 | |
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 456 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 456
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | | | 4567890123456789 | |
(10 rows)
select * from
int8_tbl x left join (select q1,coalesce(q2,0) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1,
lateral (select x.q1,y.q1,y.q2) v(xq1,yq1,yq2);
q1 | q2 | q1 | q2 | xq1 | yq1 | yq2
------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------
123 | 456 | | | 123 | |
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 456 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 456
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | | | 4567890123456789 | |
(10 rows)
select x.* from
int8_tbl x left join (select q1,coalesce(q2,0) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1,
lateral (select x.q1,y.q1,y.q2) v(xq1,yq1,yq2);
q1 | q2
------------------+-------------------
123 | 456
123 | 4567890123456789
123 | 4567890123456789
123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
(10 rows)
select v.* from
(int8_tbl x left join (select q1,coalesce(q2,0) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1)
left join int4_tbl z on z.f1 = x.q2,
lateral (select x.q1,y.q1 union all select x.q2,y.q2) v(vx,vy);
vx | vy
-------------------+-------------------
123 |
456 |
123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123
123 | 456
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 |
-4567890123456789 |
(20 rows)
select v.* from
(int8_tbl x left join (select q1,(select coalesce(q2,0)) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1)
left join int4_tbl z on z.f1 = x.q2,
lateral (select x.q1,y.q1 union all select x.q2,y.q2) v(vx,vy);
vx | vy
-------------------+-------------------
123 |
456 |
123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123
123 | 456
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 |
-4567890123456789 |
(20 rows)
create temp table dual();
insert into dual default values;
analyze dual;
select v.* from
(int8_tbl x left join (select q1,(select coalesce(q2,0)) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1)
left join int4_tbl z on z.f1 = x.q2,
lateral (select x.q1,y.q1 from dual union all select x.q2,y.q2 from dual) v(vx,vy);
vx | vy
-------------------+-------------------
123 |
456 |
123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123
123 | 456
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 |
-4567890123456789 |
(20 rows)
explain (verbose, costs off)
select * from
int8_tbl a left join
lateral (select *, a.q2 as x from int8_tbl b) ss on a.q2 = ss.q1;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------
Nested Loop Left Join
Output: a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, b.q2, (a.q2)
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl a
Output: a.q1, a.q2
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl b
Output: b.q1, b.q2, a.q2
Filter: (a.q2 = b.q1)
(7 rows)
select * from
int8_tbl a left join
lateral (select *, a.q2 as x from int8_tbl b) ss on a.q2 = ss.q1;
q1 | q2 | q1 | q2 | x
------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------
123 | 456 | | |
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 456 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | | |
(10 rows)
explain (verbose, costs off)
select * from
int8_tbl a left join
lateral (select *, coalesce(a.q2, 42) as x from int8_tbl b) ss on a.q2 = ss.q1;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop Left Join
Output: a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, b.q2, (COALESCE(a.q2, '42'::bigint))
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl a
Output: a.q1, a.q2
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl b
Output: b.q1, b.q2, COALESCE(a.q2, '42'::bigint)
Filter: (a.q2 = b.q1)
(7 rows)
select * from
int8_tbl a left join
lateral (select *, coalesce(a.q2, 42) as x from int8_tbl b) ss on a.q2 = ss.q1;
q1 | q2 | q1 | q2 | x
------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------
123 | 456 | | |
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 456 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | | |
(10 rows)
-- lateral can result in join conditions appearing below their
-- real semantic level
explain (verbose, costs off)
select * from int4_tbl i left join
lateral (select * from int2_tbl j where i.f1 = j.f1) k on true;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------
Hash Left Join
Output: i.f1, j.f1
Hash Cond: (i.f1 = j.f1)
-> Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i
Output: i.f1
-> Hash
Output: j.f1
-> Seq Scan on public.int2_tbl j
Output: j.f1
(9 rows)
select * from int4_tbl i left join
lateral (select * from int2_tbl j where i.f1 = j.f1) k on true;
f1 | f1
-------------+----
0 | 0
123456 |
-123456 |
2147483647 |
-2147483647 |
(5 rows)
explain (verbose, costs off)
select * from int4_tbl i left join
lateral (select coalesce(i) from int2_tbl j where i.f1 = j.f1) k on true;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------
Nested Loop Left Join
Output: i.f1, (COALESCE(i.*))
-> Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i
Output: i.f1, i.*
-> Seq Scan on public.int2_tbl j
Output: j.f1, COALESCE(i.*)
Filter: (i.f1 = j.f1)
(7 rows)
select * from int4_tbl i left join
lateral (select coalesce(i) from int2_tbl j where i.f1 = j.f1) k on true;
f1 | coalesce
-------------+----------
0 | (0)
123456 |
-123456 |
2147483647 |
-2147483647 |
(5 rows)
explain (verbose, costs off)
select * from int4_tbl a,
lateral (
select * from int4_tbl b left join int8_tbl c on (b.f1 = q1 and a.f1 = q2)
) ss;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop
Output: a.f1, b.f1, c.q1, c.q2
-> Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl a
Output: a.f1
-> Hash Left Join
Output: b.f1, c.q1, c.q2
Hash Cond: (b.f1 = c.q1)
-> Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl b
Output: b.f1
-> Hash
Output: c.q1, c.q2
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl c
Output: c.q1, c.q2
Filter: (a.f1 = c.q2)
(14 rows)
select * from int4_tbl a,
lateral (
select * from int4_tbl b left join int8_tbl c on (b.f1 = q1 and a.f1 = q2)
) ss;
f1 | f1 | q1 | q2
-------------+-------------+----+----
0 | 0 | |
0 | 123456 | |
0 | -123456 | |
0 | 2147483647 | |
0 | -2147483647 | |
123456 | 0 | |
123456 | 123456 | |
123456 | -123456 | |
123456 | 2147483647 | |
123456 | -2147483647 | |
-123456 | 0 | |
-123456 | 123456 | |
-123456 | -123456 | |
-123456 | 2147483647 | |
-123456 | -2147483647 | |
2147483647 | 0 | |
2147483647 | 123456 | |
2147483647 | -123456 | |
2147483647 | 2147483647 | |
2147483647 | -2147483647 | |
-2147483647 | 0 | |
-2147483647 | 123456 | |
-2147483647 | -123456 | |
-2147483647 | 2147483647 | |
-2147483647 | -2147483647 | |
(25 rows)
-- lateral reference in a PlaceHolderVar evaluated at join level
explain (verbose, costs off)
select * from
int8_tbl a left join lateral
(select b.q1 as bq1, c.q1 as cq1, least(a.q1,b.q1,c.q1) from
int8_tbl b cross join int8_tbl c) ss
on a.q2 = ss.bq1;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop Left Join
Output: a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, c.q1, (LEAST(a.q1, b.q1, c.q1))
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl a
Output: a.q1, a.q2
-> Nested Loop
Output: b.q1, c.q1, LEAST(a.q1, b.q1, c.q1)
Join Filter: (a.q2 = b.q1)
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl b
Output: b.q1, b.q2
-> Materialize
Output: c.q1
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl c
Output: c.q1
(13 rows)
select * from
int8_tbl a left join lateral
(select b.q1 as bq1, c.q1 as cq1, least(a.q1,b.q1,c.q1) from
int8_tbl b cross join int8_tbl c) ss
on a.q2 = ss.bq1;
q1 | q2 | bq1 | cq1 | least
------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
123 | 456 | | |
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123
123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 123 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 123 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 123 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 123 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | 123 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 123
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 123
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | | |
(42 rows)
-- case requiring nested PlaceHolderVars
explain (verbose, costs off)
select * from
int8_tbl c left join (
int8_tbl a left join (select q1, coalesce(q2,42) as x from int8_tbl b) ss1
on a.q2 = ss1.q1
cross join
lateral (select q1, coalesce(ss1.x,q2) as y from int8_tbl d) ss2
) on c.q2 = ss2.q1,
lateral (select ss2.y offset 0) ss3;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop
Output: c.q1, c.q2, a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, (COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), d.q1, (COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), d.q2)), ((COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), d.q2)))
-> Hash Right Join
Output: c.q1, c.q2, a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, d.q1, (COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), (COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), d.q2))
Hash Cond: (d.q1 = c.q2)
-> Nested Loop
Output: a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, d.q1, (COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), (COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), d.q2))
-> Hash Left Join
Output: a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, (COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint))
Hash Cond: (a.q2 = b.q1)
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl a
Output: a.q1, a.q2
-> Hash
Output: b.q1, (COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint))
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl b
Output: b.q1, COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl d
Output: d.q1, COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), d.q2)
-> Hash
Output: c.q1, c.q2
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl c
Output: c.q1, c.q2
-> Result
Output: (COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), d.q2))
(24 rows)
-- case that breaks the old ph_may_need optimization
explain (verbose, costs off)
select c.*,a.*,ss1.q1,ss2.q1,ss3.* from
int8_tbl c left join (
int8_tbl a left join
(select q1, coalesce(q2,f1) as x from int8_tbl b, int4_tbl b2
where q1 < f1) ss1
on a.q2 = ss1.q1
cross join
lateral (select q1, coalesce(ss1.x,q2) as y from int8_tbl d) ss2
) on c.q2 = ss2.q1,
lateral (select * from int4_tbl i where ss2.y > f1) ss3;
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nested Loop
Output: c.q1, c.q2, a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, d.q1, i.f1
Join Filter: ((COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, (b2.f1)::bigint)), d.q2)) > i.f1)
-> Hash Right Join
Output: c.q1, c.q2, a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, d.q1, (COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, (b2.f1)::bigint)), d.q2))
Hash Cond: (d.q1 = c.q2)
-> Nested Loop
Output: a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, d.q1, (COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, (b2.f1)::bigint)), d.q2))
-> Hash Right Join
Output: a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, (COALESCE(b.q2, (b2.f1)::bigint))
Hash Cond: (b.q1 = a.q2)
-> Nested Loop
Output: b.q1, COALESCE(b.q2, (b2.f1)::bigint)
Join Filter: (b.q1 < b2.f1)
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl b
Output: b.q1, b.q2
-> Materialize
Output: b2.f1
-> Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl b2
Output: b2.f1
-> Hash
Output: a.q1, a.q2
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl a
Output: a.q1, a.q2
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl d
Output: d.q1, COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, (b2.f1)::bigint)), d.q2)
-> Hash
Output: c.q1, c.q2
-> Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl c
Output: c.q1, c.q2
-> Materialize
Output: i.f1
-> Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i
Output: i.f1
(34 rows)
-- check processing of postponed quals (bug #9041)
explain (verbose, costs off)
select * from
(select 1 as x offset 0) x cross join (select 2 as y offset 0) y
left join lateral (
select * from (select 3 as z offset 0) z where z.z = x.x
) zz on zz.z = y.y;
QUERY PLAN
----------------------------------------------
Nested Loop Left Join
Output: (1), (2), (3)
Join Filter: (((3) = (1)) AND ((3) = (2)))
-> Nested Loop
Output: (1), (2)
-> Result
Output: 1
-> Result
Output: 2
-> Result
Output: 3
(11 rows)
-- test some error cases where LATERAL should have been used but wasn't
select f1,g from int4_tbl a, (select f1 as g) ss;
ERROR: column "f1" does not exist
LINE 1: select f1,g from int4_tbl a, (select f1 as g) ss;
^
HINT: There is a column named "f1" in table "a", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
select f1,g from int4_tbl a, (select a.f1 as g) ss;
ERROR: invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "a"
LINE 1: select f1,g from int4_tbl a, (select a.f1 as g) ss;
^
HINT: There is an entry for table "a", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
select f1,g from int4_tbl a cross join (select f1 as g) ss;
ERROR: column "f1" does not exist
LINE 1: select f1,g from int4_tbl a cross join (select f1 as g) ss;
^
HINT: There is a column named "f1" in table "a", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
select f1,g from int4_tbl a cross join (select a.f1 as g) ss;
ERROR: invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "a"
LINE 1: select f1,g from int4_tbl a cross join (select a.f1 as g) ss...
^
HINT: There is an entry for table "a", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
-- SQL:2008 says the left table is in scope but illegal to access here
select f1,g from int4_tbl a right join lateral generate_series(0, a.f1) g on true;
ERROR: invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "a"
LINE 1: ... int4_tbl a right join lateral generate_series(0, a.f1) g on...
^
DETAIL: The combining JOIN type must be INNER or LEFT for a LATERAL reference.
select f1,g from int4_tbl a full join lateral generate_series(0, a.f1) g on true;
ERROR: invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "a"
LINE 1: ...m int4_tbl a full join lateral generate_series(0, a.f1) g on...
^
DETAIL: The combining JOIN type must be INNER or LEFT for a LATERAL reference.
-- check we complain about ambiguous table references
select * from
int8_tbl x cross join (int4_tbl x cross join lateral (select x.f1) ss);
ERROR: table reference "x" is ambiguous
LINE 2: ...cross join (int4_tbl x cross join lateral (select x.f1) ss);
^
-- LATERAL can be used to put an aggregate into the FROM clause of its query
select 1 from tenk1 a, lateral (select max(a.unique1) from int4_tbl b) ss;
ERROR: aggregate functions are not allowed in FROM clause of their own query level
LINE 1: select 1 from tenk1 a, lateral (select max(a.unique1) from i...
^
-- check behavior of LATERAL in UPDATE/DELETE
create temp table xx1 as select f1 as x1, -f1 as x2 from int4_tbl;
-- error, can't do this:
update xx1 set x2 = f1 from (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
ERROR: column "x1" does not exist
LINE 1: ... set x2 = f1 from (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
^
HINT: There is a column named "x1" in table "xx1", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
update xx1 set x2 = f1 from (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = xx1.x1) ss;
ERROR: invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "xx1"
LINE 1: ...t x2 = f1 from (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = xx1.x1) ss...
^
HINT: There is an entry for table "xx1", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
-- can't do it even with LATERAL:
update xx1 set x2 = f1 from lateral (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
ERROR: invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "xx1"
LINE 1: ...= f1 from lateral (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
^
HINT: There is an entry for table "xx1", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
-- we might in future allow something like this, but for now it's an error:
update xx1 set x2 = f1 from xx1, lateral (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
ERROR: table name "xx1" specified more than once
-- also errors:
delete from xx1 using (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
ERROR: column "x1" does not exist
LINE 1: ...te from xx1 using (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
^
HINT: There is a column named "x1" in table "xx1", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
delete from xx1 using (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = xx1.x1) ss;
ERROR: invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "xx1"
LINE 1: ...from xx1 using (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = xx1.x1) ss...
^
HINT: There is an entry for table "xx1", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
delete from xx1 using lateral (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
ERROR: invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "xx1"
LINE 1: ...xx1 using lateral (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
^
HINT: There is an entry for table "xx1", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.