2010-01-05 02:06:57 +01:00
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<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/bki.sgml,v 1.23 2010/01/05 01:06:55 tgl Exp $ -->
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1998-08-15 08:49:33 +02:00
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<chapter id="bki">
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2000-12-23 17:24:29 +01:00
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<title><acronym>BKI</acronym> Backend Interface</title>
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<para>
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Backend Interface (<acronym>BKI</acronym>) files are scripts in a
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2005-01-06 00:42:03 +01:00
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special language that is understood by the
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> backend when running in the
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<quote>bootstrap</quote> mode. The bootstrap mode allows system catalogs
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to be created and filled from scratch, whereas ordinary SQL commands
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require the catalogs to exist already.
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<acronym>BKI</acronym> files can therefore be used to create the
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database system in the first place. (And they are probably not
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useful for anything else.)
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</para>
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<para>
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<application>initdb</application> uses a <acronym>BKI</acronym> file
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to do part of its job when creating a new database cluster. The
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input file used by <application>initdb</application> is created as
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2001-11-21 06:53:41 +01:00
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part of building and installing <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
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by a program named <filename>genbki.pl</filename>, which reads some
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specially formatted C header files in the <filename>src/include/catalog/</>
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directory of the source tree. The created <acronym>BKI</acronym> file
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is called <filename>postgres.bki</filename> and is
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normally installed in the
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<filename>share</filename> subdirectory of the installation tree.
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</para>
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<para>
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Update documentation on may/can/might:
Standard English uses "may", "can", and "might" in different ways:
may - permission, "You may borrow my rake."
can - ability, "I can lift that log."
might - possibility, "It might rain today."
Unfortunately, in conversational English, their use is often mixed, as
in, "You may use this variable to do X", when in fact, "can" is a better
choice. Similarly, "It may crash" is better stated, "It might crash".
Also update two error messages mentioned in the documenation to match.
2007-01-31 21:56:20 +01:00
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Related information can be found in the documentation for
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<application>initdb</application>.
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</para>
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<sect1 id="bki-format">
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<title><acronym>BKI</acronym> File Format</title>
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<para>
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This section describes how the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
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backend interprets <acronym>BKI</acronym> files. This description
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will be easier to understand if the <filename>postgres.bki</filename>
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file is at hand as an example.
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</para>
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<para>
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<acronym>BKI</acronym> input consists of a sequence of commands. Commands are made up
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of a number of tokens, depending on the syntax of the command.
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Tokens are usually separated by whitespace, but need not be if
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there is no ambiguity. There is no special command separator; the
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next token that syntactically cannot belong to the preceding
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command starts a new one. (Usually you would put a new command on
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a new line, for clarity.) Tokens can be certain key words, special
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characters (parentheses, commas, etc.), numbers, or double-quoted
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strings. Everything is case sensitive.
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</para>
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<para>
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Lines starting with <literal>#</literal> are ignored.
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="bki-commands">
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<title><acronym>BKI</acronym> Commands</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<literal>create</>
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<replaceable class="parameter">tablename</replaceable>
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<replaceable class="parameter">tableoid</replaceable>
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<optional><literal>bootstrap</></optional>
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<optional><literal>shared_relation</></optional>
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<optional><literal>without_oids</></optional>
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<optional><literal>rowtype_oid</> <replaceable>oid</></optional>
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(<replaceable class="parameter">name1</replaceable> =
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<replaceable class="parameter">type1</replaceable> <optional>,
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<replaceable class="parameter">name2</replaceable> = <replaceable
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class="parameter">type2</replaceable>, ...</optional>)
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Create a table named <replaceable
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class="parameter">tablename</replaceable>, and having the OID
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<replaceable class="parameter">tableoid</replaceable>,
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with the columns given in parentheses.
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</para>
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<para>
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The following column types are supported directly by
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<filename>bootstrap.c</>: <type>bool</type>,
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<type>bytea</type>, <type>char</type> (1 byte),
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<type>name</type>, <type>int2</type>,
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<type>int4</type>, <type>regproc</type>, <type>regclass</type>,
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<type>regtype</type>, <type>text</type>,
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<type>oid</type>, <type>tid</type>, <type>xid</type>,
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<type>cid</type>, <type>int2vector</type>, <type>oidvector</type>,
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<type>_int4</type> (array), <type>_text</type> (array),
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<type>_oid</type> (array), <type>_char</type> (array),
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<type>_aclitem</type> (array). Although it is possible to create
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tables containing columns of other types, this cannot be done until
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after <structname>pg_type</> has been created and filled with
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appropriate entries. (That effectively means that only these
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column types can be used in bootstrapped tables, but non-bootstrap
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catalogs can contain any built-in type.)
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</para>
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<para>
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When <literal>bootstrap</> is specified,
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the table will only be created on disk; nothing is entered into
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<structname>pg_class</structname>,
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<structname>pg_attribute</structname>, etc, for it. Thus the
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table will not be accessible by ordinary SQL operations until
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such entries are made the hard way (with <literal>insert</>
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commands). This option is used for creating
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<structname>pg_class</structname> etc themselves.
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</para>
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<para>
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The table is created as shared if <literal>shared_relation</> is
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specified.
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It will have OIDs unless <literal>without_oids</> is specified.
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The table's rowtype OID (<structname>pg_type</> OID) can optionally
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be specified via the <literal>rowtype_oid</> clause; if not specified,
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an OID is automatically generated for it. (The <literal>rowtype_oid</>
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clause is useless if <literal>bootstrap</> is specified, but it can be
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provided anyway for documentation.)
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<literal>open</> <replaceable class="parameter">tablename</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Open the table named
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<replaceable class="parameter">tablename</replaceable>
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for insertion of data. Any currently open table is closed.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<literal>close</> <optional><replaceable class="parameter">tablename</replaceable></optional>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Close the open table. The name of the table can be given as a
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cross-check, but this is not required.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<literal>insert</> <optional><literal>OID =</> <replaceable class="parameter">oid_value</replaceable></optional> <literal>(</> <replaceable class="parameter">value1</replaceable> <replaceable class="parameter">value2</replaceable> ... <literal>)</>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Insert a new row into the open table using <replaceable
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class="parameter">value1</replaceable>, <replaceable
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class="parameter">value2</replaceable>, etc., for its column
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values and <replaceable
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class="parameter">oid_value</replaceable> for its OID. If
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<replaceable class="parameter">oid_value</replaceable> is zero
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(0) or the clause is omitted, and the table has OIDs, then the
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next available OID is assigned.
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</para>
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<para>
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NULL values can be specified using the special key word
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<literal>_null_</literal>. Values containing spaces must be
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double quoted.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<literal>declare</> <optional><literal>unique</></optional>
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<literal>index</> <replaceable class="parameter">indexname</replaceable>
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<replaceable class="parameter">indexoid</replaceable>
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<literal>on</> <replaceable class="parameter">tablename</replaceable>
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<literal>using</> <replaceable class="parameter">amname</replaceable>
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<literal>(</> <replaceable class="parameter">opclass1</replaceable>
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<replaceable class="parameter">name1</replaceable>
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<optional>, ...</optional> <literal>)</>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Create an index named <replaceable
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class="parameter">indexname</replaceable>, having OID
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<replaceable class="parameter">indexoid</replaceable>,
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on the table named
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<replaceable class="parameter">tablename</replaceable>, using the
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<replaceable class="parameter">amname</replaceable> access
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method. The fields to index are called <replaceable
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class="parameter">name1</replaceable>, <replaceable
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class="parameter">name2</replaceable> etc., and the operator
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classes to use are <replaceable
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class="parameter">opclass1</replaceable>, <replaceable
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class="parameter">opclass2</replaceable> etc., respectively.
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The index file is created and appropriate catalog entries are
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made for it, but the index contents are not initialized by this command.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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2006-07-31 03:16:38 +02:00
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<literal>declare toast</>
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<replaceable class="parameter">toasttableoid</replaceable>
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<replaceable class="parameter">toastindexoid</replaceable>
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<literal>on</> <replaceable class="parameter">tablename</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Create a TOAST table for the table named
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<replaceable class="parameter">tablename</replaceable>.
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The TOAST table is assigned OID
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<replaceable class="parameter">toasttableoid</replaceable>
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and its index is assigned OID
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<replaceable class="parameter">toastindexoid</replaceable>.
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As with <literal>declare index</>, filling of the index
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is postponed.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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2000-12-23 17:24:29 +01:00
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>build indices</></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Fill in the indices that have previously been declared.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</sect1>
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2005-04-14 03:38:22 +02:00
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<sect1 id="bki-structure">
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<title>Structure of the Bootstrap <acronym>BKI</acronym> File</title>
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<para>
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The <literal>open</> command cannot be used until the tables it uses
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exist and have entries for the table that is to be opened.
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(These minimum tables are <structname>pg_class</>,
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<structname>pg_attribute</>, <structname>pg_proc</>, and
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<structname>pg_type</>.) To allow those tables themselves to be filled,
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<literal>create</> with the <literal>bootstrap</> option implicitly opens
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the created table for data insertion.
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</para>
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2006-07-31 03:16:38 +02:00
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<para>
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Also, the <literal>declare index</> and <literal>declare toast</>
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commands cannot be used until the system catalogs they need have been
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created and filled in.
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</para>
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2005-04-14 03:38:22 +02:00
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<para>
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Thus, the structure of the <filename>postgres.bki</filename> file has to
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be:
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<literal>create bootstrap</> one of the critical tables
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<literal>insert</> data describing at least the critical tables
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<literal>close</>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Repeat for the other critical tables.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<literal>create</> (without <literal>bootstrap</>) a noncritical table
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
|
|
|
|
<literal>open</>
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|
|
|
</para>
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|
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|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
<literal>insert</> desired data
|
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|
|
</para>
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|
</listitem>
|
|
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|
<listitem>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
<literal>close</>
|
|
|
|
</para>
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|
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|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
Repeat for the other noncritical tables.
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
2006-07-31 03:16:38 +02:00
|
|
|
Define indexes and toast tables.
|
2005-04-14 03:38:22 +02:00
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
<literal>build indices</>
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
There are doubtless other, undocumented ordering dependencies.
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
|
2000-12-23 17:24:29 +01:00
|
|
|
<sect1 id="bki-example">
|
|
|
|
<title>Example</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
The following sequence of commands will create the
|
2005-04-14 03:38:22 +02:00
|
|
|
table <literal>test_table</literal> with OID 420, having two columns
|
2000-12-23 17:24:29 +01:00
|
|
|
<literal>cola</literal> and <literal>colb</literal> of type
|
|
|
|
<type>int4</type> and <type>text</type>, respectively, and insert
|
2007-02-01 01:28:19 +01:00
|
|
|
two rows into the table:
|
1998-08-15 08:49:33 +02:00
|
|
|
<programlisting>
|
2005-04-14 03:38:22 +02:00
|
|
|
create test_table 420 (cola = int4, colb = text)
|
2000-12-23 17:24:29 +01:00
|
|
|
open test_table
|
|
|
|
insert OID=421 ( 1 "value1" )
|
|
|
|
insert OID=422 ( 2 _null_ )
|
|
|
|
close test_table
|
1998-08-15 08:49:33 +02:00
|
|
|
</programlisting>
|
2000-12-23 17:24:29 +01:00
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
1998-08-15 08:49:33 +02:00
|
|
|
</chapter>
|