1999-07-22 17:09:15 +02:00
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$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_database.sgml,v 1.38 2004/03/23 02:47:35 neilc Exp $
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2001-12-08 04:24:40 +01:00
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PostgreSQL documentation
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1999-07-22 17:09:15 +02:00
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-->
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<refentry id="SQL-CREATEDATABASE">
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle id="sql-createdatabase-title">CREATE DATABASE</refentrytitle>
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<refmiscinfo>SQL - Language Statements</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>CREATE DATABASE</refname>
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<refpurpose>create a new database</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<indexterm zone="sql-createdatabase">
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<primary>CREATE DATABASE</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<synopsis>
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CREATE DATABASE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable>
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[ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] <replaceable class="parameter">dbowner</replaceable> ]
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[ LOCATION [=] '<replaceable class="parameter">dbpath</replaceable>' ]
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[ TEMPLATE [=] <replaceable class="parameter">template</replaceable> ]
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[ ENCODING [=] <replaceable class="parameter">encoding</replaceable> ] ]
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</synopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>
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<command>CREATE DATABASE</command> creates a new
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database.
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</para>
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<para>
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To create a database, you must be a superuser or have the special
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<literal>CREATEDB</> privilege.
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See <xref linkend="SQL-CREATEUSER" endterm="SQL-CREATEUSER-title">.
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</para>
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<para>
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Normally, the creator becomes the owner of the new database.
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Superusers can create databases owned by other users using the
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<literal>OWNER</> clause. They can even create databases owned by
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users with no special privileges. Non-superusers with <literal>CREATEDB</>
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privilege can only create databases owned by themselves.
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</para>
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<para>
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An alternative location can be specified in order to,
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for example, store the database on a different disk.
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The path must have been prepared with the
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<xref linkend="APP-INITLOCATION" endterm="APP-INITLOCATION-title">
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command.
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</para>
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<para>
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If the path name does not contain a slash, it is interpreted
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as an environment variable name, which must be known to the
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server process. This way the database administrator can
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exercise control over locations in which databases can be created.
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(A customary choice is, e.g., <envar>PGDATA2</envar>.)
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If the server is compiled with <literal>ALLOW_ABSOLUTE_DBPATHS</literal>
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(not so by default), absolute path names, as identified by
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a leading slash
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(e.g., <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/data</filename>),
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are allowed as well.
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In either case, the final path name must be absolute and must not
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contain any single quotes.
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</para>
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<para>
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By default, the new database will be created by cloning the standard
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system database <literal>template1</>. A different template can be
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specified by writing <literal>TEMPLATE
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<replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></literal>. In particular,
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by writing <literal>TEMPLATE template0</>, you can create a virgin
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database containing only the standard objects predefined by your
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version of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. This is useful
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if you wish to avoid copying
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any installation-local objects that may have been added to
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<literal>template1</>.
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</para>
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<para>
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The optional encoding parameter allows selection of the database
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encoding. When not specified, it defaults to the encoding used by
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the selected template database.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Parameters</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The name of a database to create.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable class="parameter">dbowner</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The name of the database user who will own the new database,
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or <literal>DEFAULT</literal> to use the default (namely, the
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user executing the command).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable class="parameter">dbpath</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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An alternate file-system location in which to store the new database,
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specified as a string literal;
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or <literal>DEFAULT</literal> to use the default location.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable class="parameter">template</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The name of the template from which to create the new database,
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or <literal>DEFAULT</literal> to use the default template
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(<literal>template1</literal>).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable class="parameter">encoding</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Character set encoding to use in the new database. Specify
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a string constant (e.g., <literal>'SQL_ASCII'</literal>),
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or an integer encoding number, or <literal>DEFAULT</literal>
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to use the default encoding. The character sets supported by the
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server are described in
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<xref linkend="multibyte-charset-supported">.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>
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Optional parameters can be written in any order, not only the order
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illustrated above.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Notes</title>
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<para>
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<command>CREATE DATABASE</> cannot be executed inside a transaction
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block.
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</para>
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<para>
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Errors along the line of <quote>could not initialize database directory</>
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are most likely related to insufficient permissions on the data
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directory, a full disk, or other file system problems. When using an
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alternate location, the user under
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which the database server is running must have access to the location.
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</para>
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<para>
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Use <xref linkend="SQL-DROPDATABASE" endterm="SQL-DROPDATABASE-title"> to remove a database.
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</para>
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<para>
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The program <xref linkend="APP-CREATEDB" endterm="APP-CREATEDB-title"> is a
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wrapper program around this command, provided for convenience.
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</para>
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<para>
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There are security issues involved with using alternate database
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locations specified with absolute path names; this is why the feature
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is not enabled by default. See <xref
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linkend="manage-ag-alternate-locs"> for more information.
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</para>
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<para>
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Although it is possible to copy a database other than <literal>template1</>
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by specifying its name as the template, this is not (yet) intended as
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a general-purpose <quote><command>COPY DATABASE</command></quote> facility.
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We recommend that databases used as templates be treated as read-only.
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See <xref linkend="manage-ag-templatedbs"> for more information.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Examples</title>
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<para>
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To create a new database:
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<programlisting>
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CREATE DATABASE lusiadas;
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>
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To create a new database in an alternate area
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<filename>~/private_db</filename>, execute the following from the
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shell:
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<programlisting>
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mkdir private_db
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initlocation ~/private_db
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</programlisting>
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Then execute the following from within a
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<application>psql</application> session:
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<programlisting>
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CREATE DATABASE elsewhere WITH LOCATION '/home/olly/private_db';
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Compatibility</title>
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<para>
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There is no <command>CREATE DATABASE</command> statement in the SQL
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standard. Databases are equivalent to catalogs, whose creation is
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implementation-defined.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
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Local variables:
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mode: sgml
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sgml-omittag:nil
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sgml-shorttag:t
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sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
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sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
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sgml-indent-step:1
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sgml-indent-data:t
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sgml-parent-document:nil
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sgml-default-dtd-file:"../reference.ced"
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sgml-exposed-tags:nil
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sgml-local-catalogs:"/usr/lib/sgml/catalog"
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sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
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End:
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-->
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