postgresql/src/test/regress/expected/inherit.out

--
-- Test inheritance features
--
CREATE TABLE a (aa TEXT);
CREATE TABLE b (bb TEXT) INHERITS (a);
CREATE TABLE c (cc TEXT) INHERITS (a);
CREATE TABLE d (dd TEXT) INHERITS (b,c,a);
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "aa"
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "aa"
INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaa');
INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaaa');
INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaaaa');
INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaaaaa');
INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaaaaaa');
INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbb');
INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbbb');
INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbbbb');
INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbbbbb');
INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbbbbbb');
INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('ccc');
INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('cccc');
INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('ccccc');
INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('cccccc');
INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('ccccccc');
INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('cccccccc');
INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('ddd');
INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('dddd');
INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('ddddd');
INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('dddddd');
INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('ddddddd');
INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('dddddddd');
SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    
---------+----------
 a       | aaa
 a       | aaaa
 a       | aaaaa
 a       | aaaaaa
 a       | aaaaaaa
 a       | aaaaaaaa
 b       | bbb
 b       | bbbb
 b       | bbbbb
 b       | bbbbbb
 b       | bbbbbbb
 b       | bbbbbbbb
 c       | ccc
 c       | cccc
 c       | ccccc
 c       | cccccc
 c       | ccccccc
 c       | cccccccc
 d       | ddd
 d       | dddd
 d       | ddddd
 d       | dddddd
 d       | ddddddd
 d       | dddddddd
(24 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | bb 
---------+----------+----
 b       | bbb      | 
 b       | bbbb     | 
 b       | bbbbb    | 
 b       | bbbbbb   | 
 b       | bbbbbbb  | 
 b       | bbbbbbbb | 
 d       | ddd      | 
 d       | dddd     | 
 d       | ddddd    | 
 d       | dddddd   | 
 d       | ddddddd  | 
 d       | dddddddd | 
(12 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | cc 
---------+----------+----
 c       | ccc      | 
 c       | cccc     | 
 c       | ccccc    | 
 c       | cccccc   | 
 c       | ccccccc  | 
 c       | cccccccc | 
 d       | ddd      | 
 d       | dddd     | 
 d       | ddddd    | 
 d       | dddddd   | 
 d       | ddddddd  | 
 d       | dddddddd | 
(12 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | bb | cc | dd 
---------+----------+----+----+----
 d       | ddd      |    |    | 
 d       | dddd     |    |    | 
 d       | ddddd    |    |    | 
 d       | dddddd   |    |    | 
 d       | ddddddd  |    |    | 
 d       | dddddddd |    |    | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    
---------+----------
 a       | aaa
 a       | aaaa
 a       | aaaaa
 a       | aaaaaa
 a       | aaaaaaa
 a       | aaaaaaaa
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | bb 
---------+----------+----
 b       | bbb      | 
 b       | bbbb     | 
 b       | bbbbb    | 
 b       | bbbbbb   | 
 b       | bbbbbbb  | 
 b       | bbbbbbbb | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | cc 
---------+----------+----
 c       | ccc      | 
 c       | cccc     | 
 c       | ccccc    | 
 c       | cccccc   | 
 c       | ccccccc  | 
 c       | cccccccc | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | bb | cc | dd 
---------+----------+----+----+----
 d       | ddd      |    |    | 
 d       | dddd     |    |    | 
 d       | ddddd    |    |    | 
 d       | dddddd   |    |    | 
 d       | ddddddd  |    |    | 
 d       | dddddddd |    |    | 
(6 rows)

UPDATE a SET aa='zzzz' WHERE aa='aaaa';
UPDATE ONLY a SET aa='zzzzz' WHERE aa='aaaaa';
UPDATE b SET aa='zzz' WHERE aa='aaa';
UPDATE ONLY b SET aa='zzz' WHERE aa='aaa';
UPDATE a SET aa='zzzzzz' WHERE aa LIKE 'aaa%';
SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    
---------+----------
 a       | zzzz
 a       | zzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 b       | bbb
 b       | bbbb
 b       | bbbbb
 b       | bbbbbb
 b       | bbbbbbb
 b       | bbbbbbbb
 c       | ccc
 c       | cccc
 c       | ccccc
 c       | cccccc
 c       | ccccccc
 c       | cccccccc
 d       | ddd
 d       | dddd
 d       | ddddd
 d       | dddddd
 d       | ddddddd
 d       | dddddddd
(24 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | bb 
---------+----------+----
 b       | bbb      | 
 b       | bbbb     | 
 b       | bbbbb    | 
 b       | bbbbbb   | 
 b       | bbbbbbb  | 
 b       | bbbbbbbb | 
 d       | ddd      | 
 d       | dddd     | 
 d       | ddddd    | 
 d       | dddddd   | 
 d       | ddddddd  | 
 d       | dddddddd | 
(12 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | cc 
---------+----------+----
 c       | ccc      | 
 c       | cccc     | 
 c       | ccccc    | 
 c       | cccccc   | 
 c       | ccccccc  | 
 c       | cccccccc | 
 d       | ddd      | 
 d       | dddd     | 
 d       | ddddd    | 
 d       | dddddd   | 
 d       | ddddddd  | 
 d       | dddddddd | 
(12 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | bb | cc | dd 
---------+----------+----+----+----
 d       | ddd      |    |    | 
 d       | dddd     |    |    | 
 d       | ddddd    |    |    | 
 d       | dddddd   |    |    | 
 d       | ddddddd  |    |    | 
 d       | dddddddd |    |    | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |   aa   
---------+--------
 a       | zzzz
 a       | zzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | bb 
---------+----------+----
 b       | bbb      | 
 b       | bbbb     | 
 b       | bbbbb    | 
 b       | bbbbbb   | 
 b       | bbbbbbb  | 
 b       | bbbbbbbb | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | cc 
---------+----------+----
 c       | ccc      | 
 c       | cccc     | 
 c       | ccccc    | 
 c       | cccccc   | 
 c       | ccccccc  | 
 c       | cccccccc | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | bb | cc | dd 
---------+----------+----+----+----
 d       | ddd      |    |    | 
 d       | dddd     |    |    | 
 d       | ddddd    |    |    | 
 d       | dddddd   |    |    | 
 d       | ddddddd  |    |    | 
 d       | dddddddd |    |    | 
(6 rows)

UPDATE b SET aa='new';
SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    
---------+----------
 a       | zzzz
 a       | zzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 b       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 c       | ccc
 c       | cccc
 c       | ccccc
 c       | cccccc
 c       | ccccccc
 c       | cccccccc
 d       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
(24 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | bb 
---------+-----+----
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
(12 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | cc 
---------+----------+----
 c       | ccc      | 
 c       | cccc     | 
 c       | ccccc    | 
 c       | cccccc   | 
 c       | ccccccc  | 
 c       | cccccccc | 
 d       | new      | 
 d       | new      | 
 d       | new      | 
 d       | new      | 
 d       | new      | 
 d       | new      | 
(12 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | bb | cc | dd 
---------+-----+----+----+----
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |   aa   
---------+--------
 a       | zzzz
 a       | zzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | bb 
---------+-----+----
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | cc 
---------+----------+----
 c       | ccc      | 
 c       | cccc     | 
 c       | ccccc    | 
 c       | cccccc   | 
 c       | ccccccc  | 
 c       | cccccccc | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | bb | cc | dd 
---------+-----+----+----+----
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
(6 rows)

UPDATE a SET aa='new';
DELETE FROM ONLY c WHERE aa='new';
SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  
---------+-----
 a       | new
 a       | new
 a       | new
 a       | new
 a       | new
 a       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
(18 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | bb 
---------+-----+----
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
(12 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | cc 
---------+-----+----
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | bb | cc | dd 
---------+-----+----+----+----
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  
---------+-----
 a       | new
 a       | new
 a       | new
 a       | new
 a       | new
 a       | new
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | bb 
---------+-----+----
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa | cc 
---------+----+----
(0 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | bb | cc | dd 
---------+-----+----+----+----
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
(6 rows)

DELETE FROM a;
SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa 
---------+----
(0 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa | bb 
---------+----+----
(0 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa | cc 
---------+----+----
(0 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa | bb | cc | dd 
---------+----+----+----+----
(0 rows)

SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa 
---------+----
(0 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa | bb 
---------+----+----
(0 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa | cc 
---------+----+----
(0 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa | bb | cc | dd 
---------+----+----+----+----
(0 rows)

-- Confirm PRIMARY KEY adds NOT NULL constraint to child table
CREATE TEMP TABLE z (b TEXT, PRIMARY KEY(aa, b)) inherits (a);
INSERT INTO z VALUES (NULL, 'text'); -- should fail
ERROR:  null value in column "aa" violates not-null constraint
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, text).
-- Check UPDATE with inherited target and an inherited source table
create temp table foo(f1 int, f2 int);
create temp table foo2(f3 int) inherits (foo);
create temp table bar(f1 int, f2 int);
create temp table bar2(f3 int) inherits (bar);
insert into foo values(1,1);
insert into foo values(3,3);
insert into foo2 values(2,2,2);
insert into foo2 values(3,3,3);
insert into bar values(1,1);
insert into bar values(2,2);
insert into bar values(3,3);
insert into bar values(4,4);
insert into bar2 values(1,1,1);
insert into bar2 values(2,2,2);
insert into bar2 values(3,3,3);
insert into bar2 values(4,4,4);
update bar set f2 = f2 + 100 where f1 in (select f1 from foo);
SELECT relname, bar.* FROM bar, pg_class where bar.tableoid = pg_class.oid
order by 1,2;
 relname | f1 | f2  
---------+----+-----
 bar     |  1 | 101
 bar     |  2 | 102
 bar     |  3 | 103
 bar     |  4 |   4
 bar2    |  1 | 101
 bar2    |  2 | 102
 bar2    |  3 | 103
 bar2    |  4 |   4
(8 rows)

/* Test multiple inheritance of column defaults */
CREATE TABLE firstparent (tomorrow date default now()::date + 1);
CREATE TABLE secondparent (tomorrow date default  now() :: date  +  1);
CREATE TABLE jointchild () INHERITS (firstparent, secondparent);  -- ok
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "tomorrow"
CREATE TABLE thirdparent (tomorrow date default now()::date - 1);
CREATE TABLE otherchild () INHERITS (firstparent, thirdparent);  -- not ok
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "tomorrow"
ERROR:  column "tomorrow" inherits conflicting default values
HINT:  To resolve the conflict, specify a default explicitly.
CREATE TABLE otherchild (tomorrow date default now())
  INHERITS (firstparent, thirdparent);  -- ok, child resolves ambiguous default
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "tomorrow"
NOTICE:  merging column "tomorrow" with inherited definition
DROP TABLE firstparent, secondparent, jointchild, thirdparent, otherchild;
-- Test changing the type of inherited columns
insert into d values('test','one','two','three');
alter table a alter column aa type integer using bit_length(aa);
select * from d;
 aa | bb  | cc  |  dd   
----+-----+-----+-------
 32 | one | two | three
(1 row)

-- Test non-inheritable parent constraints
create table p1(ff1 int);
alter table p1 add constraint p1chk check (ff1 > 0) no inherit;
alter table p1 add constraint p2chk check (ff1 > 10);
-- connoinherit should be true for NO INHERIT constraint
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pgc.connoinherit from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname = 'p1' order by 1,2;
 relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount | connoinherit 
---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+--------------
 p1      | p1chk   | c       | t          |           0 | t
 p1      | p2chk   | c       | t          |           0 | f
(2 rows)

-- Test that child does not inherit NO INHERIT constraints
create table c1 () inherits (p1);
\d p1
      Table "public.p1"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers 
--------+---------+-----------
 ff1    | integer | 
Check constraints:
    "p1chk" CHECK (ff1 > 0) NO INHERIT
    "p2chk" CHECK (ff1 > 10)
Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)

\d c1
      Table "public.c1"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers 
--------+---------+-----------
 ff1    | integer | 
Check constraints:
    "p2chk" CHECK (ff1 > 10)
Inherits: p1

drop table p1 cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to table c1
-- Tests for casting between the rowtypes of parent and child
-- tables. See the pgsql-hackers thread beginning Dec. 4/04
create table base (i integer);
create table derived () inherits (base);
insert into derived (i) values (0);
select derived::base from derived;
 derived 
---------
 (0)
(1 row)

drop table derived;
drop table base;
create table p1(ff1 int);
create table p2(f1 text);
create function p2text(p2) returns text as 'select $1.f1' language sql;
create table c1(f3 int) inherits(p1,p2);
insert into c1 values(123456789, 'hi', 42);
select p2text(c1.*) from c1;
 p2text 
--------
 hi
(1 row)

drop function p2text(p2);
drop table c1;
drop table p2;
drop table p1;
CREATE TABLE ac (aa TEXT);
alter table ac add constraint ac_check check (aa is not null);
CREATE TABLE bc (bb TEXT) INHERITS (ac);
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pgc.consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname  | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |      consrc      
---------+----------+---------+------------+-------------+------------------
 ac      | ac_check | c       | t          |           0 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
 bc      | ac_check | c       | f          |           1 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
(2 rows)

insert into ac (aa) values (NULL);
ERROR:  new row for relation "ac" violates check constraint "ac_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null).
insert into bc (aa) values (NULL);
ERROR:  new row for relation "bc" violates check constraint "ac_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, null).
alter table bc drop constraint ac_check;  -- fail, disallowed
ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "ac_check" of relation "bc"
alter table ac drop constraint ac_check;
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pgc.consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount | consrc 
---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+--------
(0 rows)

-- try the unnamed-constraint case
alter table ac add check (aa is not null);
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pgc.consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
 relname |   conname   | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |      consrc      
---------+-------------+---------+------------+-------------+------------------
 ac      | ac_aa_check | c       | t          |           0 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
 bc      | ac_aa_check | c       | f          |           1 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
(2 rows)

insert into ac (aa) values (NULL);
ERROR:  new row for relation "ac" violates check constraint "ac_aa_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null).
insert into bc (aa) values (NULL);
ERROR:  new row for relation "bc" violates check constraint "ac_aa_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, null).
alter table bc drop constraint ac_aa_check;  -- fail, disallowed
ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "ac_aa_check" of relation "bc"
alter table ac drop constraint ac_aa_check;
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pgc.consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount | consrc 
---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+--------
(0 rows)

alter table ac add constraint ac_check check (aa is not null);
alter table bc no inherit ac;
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pgc.consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname  | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |      consrc      
---------+----------+---------+------------+-------------+------------------
 ac      | ac_check | c       | t          |           0 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
 bc      | ac_check | c       | t          |           0 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
(2 rows)

alter table bc drop constraint ac_check;
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pgc.consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname  | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |      consrc      
---------+----------+---------+------------+-------------+------------------
 ac      | ac_check | c       | t          |           0 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
(1 row)

alter table ac drop constraint ac_check;
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pgc.consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount | consrc 
---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+--------
(0 rows)

drop table bc;
drop table ac;
create table ac (a int constraint check_a check (a <> 0));
create table bc (a int constraint check_a check (a <> 0), b int constraint check_b check (b <> 0)) inherits (ac);
NOTICE:  merging column "a" with inherited definition
NOTICE:  merging constraint "check_a" with inherited definition
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pgc.consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |  consrc  
---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+----------
 ac      | check_a | c       | t          |           0 | (a <> 0)
 bc      | check_a | c       | t          |           1 | (a <> 0)
 bc      | check_b | c       | t          |           0 | (b <> 0)
(3 rows)

drop table bc;
drop table ac;
create table ac (a int constraint check_a check (a <> 0));
create table bc (b int constraint check_b check (b <> 0));
create table cc (c int constraint check_c check (c <> 0)) inherits (ac, bc);
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pgc.consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc', 'cc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |  consrc  
---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+----------
 ac      | check_a | c       | t          |           0 | (a <> 0)
 bc      | check_b | c       | t          |           0 | (b <> 0)
 cc      | check_a | c       | f          |           1 | (a <> 0)
 cc      | check_b | c       | f          |           1 | (b <> 0)
 cc      | check_c | c       | t          |           0 | (c <> 0)
(5 rows)

alter table cc no inherit bc;
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pgc.consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc', 'cc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |  consrc  
---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+----------
 ac      | check_a | c       | t          |           0 | (a <> 0)
 bc      | check_b | c       | t          |           0 | (b <> 0)
 cc      | check_a | c       | f          |           1 | (a <> 0)
 cc      | check_b | c       | t          |           0 | (b <> 0)
 cc      | check_c | c       | t          |           0 | (c <> 0)
(5 rows)

drop table cc;
drop table bc;
drop table ac;
create table p1(f1 int);
create table p2(f2 int);
create table c1(f3 int) inherits(p1,p2);
insert into c1 values(1,-1,2);
alter table p2 add constraint cc check (f2>0);  -- fail
ERROR:  check constraint "cc" is violated by some row
alter table p2 add check (f2>0);  -- check it without a name, too
ERROR:  check constraint "p2_f2_check" is violated by some row
delete from c1;
insert into c1 values(1,1,2);
alter table p2 add check (f2>0);
insert into c1 values(1,-1,2);  -- fail
ERROR:  new row for relation "c1" violates check constraint "p2_f2_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, -1, 2).
create table c2(f3 int) inherits(p1,p2);
\d c2
      Table "public.c2"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers 
--------+---------+-----------
 f1     | integer | 
 f2     | integer | 
 f3     | integer | 
Check constraints:
    "p2_f2_check" CHECK (f2 > 0)
Inherits: p1,
          p2

create table c3 (f4 int) inherits(c1,c2);
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "f1"
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "f2"
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "f3"
\d c3
      Table "public.c3"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers 
--------+---------+-----------
 f1     | integer | 
 f2     | integer | 
 f3     | integer | 
 f4     | integer | 
Check constraints:
    "p2_f2_check" CHECK (f2 > 0)
Inherits: c1,
          c2

drop table p1 cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to 3 other objects
DETAIL:  drop cascades to table c1
drop cascades to table c2
drop cascades to table c3
drop table p2 cascade;
create table pp1 (f1 int);
create table cc1 (f2 text, f3 int) inherits (pp1);
alter table pp1 add column a1 int check (a1 > 0);
\d cc1
      Table "public.cc1"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers 
--------+---------+-----------
 f1     | integer | 
 f2     | text    | 
 f3     | integer | 
 a1     | integer | 
Check constraints:
    "pp1_a1_check" CHECK (a1 > 0)
Inherits: pp1

create table cc2(f4 float) inherits(pp1,cc1);
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "f1"
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "a1"
\d cc2
          Table "public.cc2"
 Column |       Type       | Modifiers 
--------+------------------+-----------
 f1     | integer          | 
 a1     | integer          | 
 f2     | text             | 
 f3     | integer          | 
 f4     | double precision | 
Check constraints:
    "pp1_a1_check" CHECK (a1 > 0)
Inherits: pp1,
          cc1

alter table pp1 add column a2 int check (a2 > 0);
NOTICE:  merging definition of column "a2" for child "cc2"
NOTICE:  merging constraint "pp1_a2_check" with inherited definition
\d cc2
          Table "public.cc2"
 Column |       Type       | Modifiers 
--------+------------------+-----------
 f1     | integer          | 
 a1     | integer          | 
 f2     | text             | 
 f3     | integer          | 
 f4     | double precision | 
 a2     | integer          | 
Check constraints:
    "pp1_a1_check" CHECK (a1 > 0)
    "pp1_a2_check" CHECK (a2 > 0)
Inherits: pp1,
          cc1

drop table pp1 cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
DETAIL:  drop cascades to table cc1
drop cascades to table cc2
-- Test for renaming in simple multiple inheritance
CREATE TABLE inht1 (a int, b int);
CREATE TABLE inhs1 (b int, c int);
CREATE TABLE inhts (d int) INHERITS (inht1, inhs1);
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "b"
ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME a TO aa;
ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME b TO bb;                -- to be failed
ERROR:  cannot rename inherited column "b"
ALTER TABLE inhts RENAME aa TO aaa;      -- to be failed
ERROR:  cannot rename inherited column "aa"
ALTER TABLE inhts RENAME d TO dd;
\d+ inhts
                        Table "public.inhts"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+---------+-----------+---------+--------------+-------------
 aa     | integer |           | plain   |              | 
 b      | integer |           | plain   |              | 
 c      | integer |           | plain   |              | 
 dd     | integer |           | plain   |              | 
Inherits: inht1,
          inhs1
Has OIDs: no

DROP TABLE inhts;
-- Test for renaming in diamond inheritance
CREATE TABLE inht2 (x int) INHERITS (inht1);
CREATE TABLE inht3 (y int) INHERITS (inht1);
CREATE TABLE inht4 (z int) INHERITS (inht2, inht3);
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "aa"
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "b"
ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME aa TO aaa;
\d+ inht4
                        Table "public.inht4"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+---------+-----------+---------+--------------+-------------
 aaa    | integer |           | plain   |              | 
 b      | integer |           | plain   |              | 
 x      | integer |           | plain   |              | 
 y      | integer |           | plain   |              | 
 z      | integer |           | plain   |              | 
Inherits: inht2,
          inht3
Has OIDs: no

CREATE TABLE inhts (d int) INHERITS (inht2, inhs1);
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "b"
ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME aaa TO aaaa;
ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME b TO bb;                -- to be failed
ERROR:  cannot rename inherited column "b"
\d+ inhts
                        Table "public.inhts"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+---------+-----------+---------+--------------+-------------
 aaaa   | integer |           | plain   |              | 
 b      | integer |           | plain   |              | 
 x      | integer |           | plain   |              | 
 c      | integer |           | plain   |              | 
 d      | integer |           | plain   |              | 
Inherits: inht2,
          inhs1
Has OIDs: no

WITH RECURSIVE r AS (
  SELECT 'inht1'::regclass AS inhrelid
UNION ALL
  SELECT c.inhrelid FROM pg_inherits c, r WHERE r.inhrelid = c.inhparent
)
SELECT a.attrelid::regclass, a.attname, a.attinhcount, e.expected
  FROM (SELECT inhrelid, count(*) AS expected FROM pg_inherits
        WHERE inhparent IN (SELECT inhrelid FROM r) GROUP BY inhrelid) e
  JOIN pg_attribute a ON e.inhrelid = a.attrelid WHERE NOT attislocal
  ORDER BY a.attrelid::regclass::name, a.attnum;
 attrelid | attname | attinhcount | expected 
----------+---------+-------------+----------
 inht2    | aaaa    |           1 |        1
 inht2    | b       |           1 |        1
 inht3    | aaaa    |           1 |        1
 inht3    | b       |           1 |        1
 inht4    | aaaa    |           2 |        2
 inht4    | b       |           2 |        2
 inht4    | x       |           1 |        2
 inht4    | y       |           1 |        2
 inhts    | aaaa    |           1 |        1
 inhts    | b       |           2 |        1
 inhts    | x       |           1 |        1
 inhts    | c       |           1 |        1
(12 rows)

DROP TABLE inht1, inhs1 CASCADE;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to 4 other objects
DETAIL:  drop cascades to table inht2
drop cascades to table inhts
drop cascades to table inht3
drop cascades to table inht4
-- Test non-inheritable indices [UNIQUE, EXCLUDE] contraints
CREATE TABLE test_constraints (id int, val1 varchar, val2 int, UNIQUE(val1, val2));
CREATE TABLE test_constraints_inh () INHERITS (test_constraints);
\d+ test_constraints
                        Table "public.test_constraints"
 Column |       Type        | Modifiers | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------
 id     | integer           |           | plain    |              | 
 val1   | character varying |           | extended |              | 
 val2   | integer           |           | plain    |              | 
Indexes:
    "test_constraints_val1_val2_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (val1, val2)
Child tables: test_constraints_inh
Has OIDs: no

ALTER TABLE ONLY test_constraints DROP CONSTRAINT test_constraints_val1_val2_key;
\d+ test_constraints
                        Table "public.test_constraints"
 Column |       Type        | Modifiers | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------
 id     | integer           |           | plain    |              | 
 val1   | character varying |           | extended |              | 
 val2   | integer           |           | plain    |              | 
Child tables: test_constraints_inh
Has OIDs: no

\d+ test_constraints_inh
                      Table "public.test_constraints_inh"
 Column |       Type        | Modifiers | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------
 id     | integer           |           | plain    |              | 
 val1   | character varying |           | extended |              | 
 val2   | integer           |           | plain    |              | 
Inherits: test_constraints
Has OIDs: no

DROP TABLE test_constraints_inh;
DROP TABLE test_constraints;
CREATE TABLE test_ex_constraints (
    c circle,
    EXCLUDE USING gist (c WITH &&)
);
CREATE TABLE test_ex_constraints_inh () INHERITS (test_ex_constraints);
\d+ test_ex_constraints
                 Table "public.test_ex_constraints"
 Column |  Type  | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+--------+-----------+---------+--------------+-------------
 c      | circle |           | plain   |              | 
Indexes:
    "test_ex_constraints_c_excl" EXCLUDE USING gist (c WITH &&)
Child tables: test_ex_constraints_inh
Has OIDs: no

ALTER TABLE test_ex_constraints DROP CONSTRAINT test_ex_constraints_c_excl;
\d+ test_ex_constraints
                 Table "public.test_ex_constraints"
 Column |  Type  | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+--------+-----------+---------+--------------+-------------
 c      | circle |           | plain   |              | 
Child tables: test_ex_constraints_inh
Has OIDs: no

\d+ test_ex_constraints_inh
               Table "public.test_ex_constraints_inh"
 Column |  Type  | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+--------+-----------+---------+--------------+-------------
 c      | circle |           | plain   |              | 
Inherits: test_ex_constraints
Has OIDs: no

DROP TABLE test_ex_constraints_inh;
DROP TABLE test_ex_constraints;
-- Test non-inheritable foreign key contraints
CREATE TABLE test_primary_constraints(id int PRIMARY KEY);
CREATE TABLE test_foreign_constraints(id1 int REFERENCES test_primary_constraints(id));
CREATE TABLE test_foreign_constraints_inh () INHERITS (test_foreign_constraints);
\d+ test_primary_constraints
               Table "public.test_primary_constraints"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+---------+-----------+---------+--------------+-------------
 id     | integer | not null  | plain   |              | 
Indexes:
    "test_primary_constraints_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
Referenced by:
    TABLE "test_foreign_constraints" CONSTRAINT "test_foreign_constraints_id1_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (id1) REFERENCES test_primary_constraints(id)
Has OIDs: no

\d+ test_foreign_constraints
               Table "public.test_foreign_constraints"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+---------+-----------+---------+--------------+-------------
 id1    | integer |           | plain   |              | 
Foreign-key constraints:
    "test_foreign_constraints_id1_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (id1) REFERENCES test_primary_constraints(id)
Child tables: test_foreign_constraints_inh
Has OIDs: no

ALTER TABLE test_foreign_constraints DROP CONSTRAINT test_foreign_constraints_id1_fkey;
\d+ test_foreign_constraints
               Table "public.test_foreign_constraints"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+---------+-----------+---------+--------------+-------------
 id1    | integer |           | plain   |              | 
Child tables: test_foreign_constraints_inh
Has OIDs: no

\d+ test_foreign_constraints_inh
             Table "public.test_foreign_constraints_inh"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+---------+-----------+---------+--------------+-------------
 id1    | integer |           | plain   |              | 
Inherits: test_foreign_constraints
Has OIDs: no

DROP TABLE test_foreign_constraints_inh;
DROP TABLE test_foreign_constraints;
DROP TABLE test_primary_constraints;
--
-- Test parameterized append plans for inheritance trees
--
create temp table patest0 (id, x) as
  select x, x from generate_series(0,1000) x;
create temp table patest1() inherits (patest0);
insert into patest1
  select x, x from generate_series(0,1000) x;
create temp table patest2() inherits (patest0);
insert into patest2
  select x, x from generate_series(0,1000) x;
create index patest0i on patest0(id);
create index patest1i on patest1(id);
create index patest2i on patest2(id);
analyze patest0;
analyze patest1;
analyze patest2;
explain (costs off)
select * from patest0 join (select f1 from int4_tbl limit 1) ss on id = f1;
                    QUERY PLAN                    
--------------------------------------------------
 Nested Loop
   ->  Limit
         ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl
   ->  Append
         ->  Index Scan using patest0i on patest0
               Index Cond: (id = int4_tbl.f1)
         ->  Index Scan using patest1i on patest1
               Index Cond: (id = int4_tbl.f1)
         ->  Index Scan using patest2i on patest2
               Index Cond: (id = int4_tbl.f1)
(10 rows)

select * from patest0 join (select f1 from int4_tbl limit 1) ss on id = f1;
 id | x | f1 
----+---+----
  0 | 0 |  0
  0 | 0 |  0
  0 | 0 |  0
(3 rows)

drop index patest2i;
explain (costs off)
select * from patest0 join (select f1 from int4_tbl limit 1) ss on id = f1;
                    QUERY PLAN                    
--------------------------------------------------
 Nested Loop
   ->  Limit
         ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl
   ->  Append
         ->  Index Scan using patest0i on patest0
               Index Cond: (id = int4_tbl.f1)
         ->  Index Scan using patest1i on patest1
               Index Cond: (id = int4_tbl.f1)
         ->  Seq Scan on patest2
               Filter: (int4_tbl.f1 = id)
(10 rows)

select * from patest0 join (select f1 from int4_tbl limit 1) ss on id = f1;
 id | x | f1 
----+---+----
  0 | 0 |  0
  0 | 0 |  0
  0 | 0 |  0
(3 rows)

drop table patest0 cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
DETAIL:  drop cascades to table patest1
drop cascades to table patest2
--
-- Test merge-append plans for inheritance trees
--
create table matest0 (id serial primary key, name text);
create table matest1 (id integer primary key) inherits (matest0);
NOTICE:  merging column "id" with inherited definition
create table matest2 (id integer primary key) inherits (matest0);
NOTICE:  merging column "id" with inherited definition
create table matest3 (id integer primary key) inherits (matest0);
NOTICE:  merging column "id" with inherited definition
create index matest0i on matest0 ((1-id));
create index matest1i on matest1 ((1-id));
-- create index matest2i on matest2 ((1-id));  -- intentionally missing
create index matest3i on matest3 ((1-id));
insert into matest1 (name) values ('Test 1');
insert into matest1 (name) values ('Test 2');
insert into matest2 (name) values ('Test 3');
insert into matest2 (name) values ('Test 4');
insert into matest3 (name) values ('Test 5');
insert into matest3 (name) values ('Test 6');
set enable_indexscan = off;  -- force use of seqscan/sort, so no merge
explain (verbose, costs off) select * from matest0 order by 1-id;
                         QUERY PLAN                         
------------------------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Output: matest0.id, matest0.name, ((1 - matest0.id))
   Sort Key: ((1 - matest0.id))
   ->  Result
         Output: matest0.id, matest0.name, (1 - matest0.id)
         ->  Append
               ->  Seq Scan on public.matest0
                     Output: matest0.id, matest0.name
               ->  Seq Scan on public.matest1
                     Output: matest1.id, matest1.name
               ->  Seq Scan on public.matest2
                     Output: matest2.id, matest2.name
               ->  Seq Scan on public.matest3
                     Output: matest3.id, matest3.name
(14 rows)

select * from matest0 order by 1-id;
 id |  name  
----+--------
  6 | Test 6
  5 | Test 5
  4 | Test 4
  3 | Test 3
  2 | Test 2
  1 | Test 1
(6 rows)

explain (verbose, costs off) select min(1-id) from matest0;
               QUERY PLAN               
----------------------------------------
 Aggregate
   Output: min((1 - matest0.id))
   ->  Append
         ->  Seq Scan on public.matest0
               Output: matest0.id
         ->  Seq Scan on public.matest1
               Output: matest1.id
         ->  Seq Scan on public.matest2
               Output: matest2.id
         ->  Seq Scan on public.matest3
               Output: matest3.id
(11 rows)

select min(1-id) from matest0;
 min 
-----
  -5
(1 row)

reset enable_indexscan;
set enable_seqscan = off;  -- plan with fewest seqscans should be merge
explain (verbose, costs off) select * from matest0 order by 1-id;
                            QUERY PLAN                            
------------------------------------------------------------------
 Merge Append
   Sort Key: ((1 - matest0.id))
   ->  Index Scan using matest0i on public.matest0
         Output: matest0.id, matest0.name, (1 - matest0.id)
   ->  Index Scan using matest1i on public.matest1
         Output: matest1.id, matest1.name, (1 - matest1.id)
   ->  Sort
         Output: matest2.id, matest2.name, ((1 - matest2.id))
         Sort Key: ((1 - matest2.id))
         ->  Seq Scan on public.matest2
               Output: matest2.id, matest2.name, (1 - matest2.id)
   ->  Index Scan using matest3i on public.matest3
         Output: matest3.id, matest3.name, (1 - matest3.id)
(13 rows)

select * from matest0 order by 1-id;
 id |  name  
----+--------
  6 | Test 6
  5 | Test 5
  4 | Test 4
  3 | Test 3
  2 | Test 2
  1 | Test 1
(6 rows)

explain (verbose, costs off) select min(1-id) from matest0;
                                QUERY PLAN                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Result
   Output: $0
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           Output: ((1 - matest0.id))
           ->  Result
                 Output: ((1 - matest0.id))
                 ->  Merge Append
                       Sort Key: ((1 - matest0.id))
                       ->  Index Scan using matest0i on public.matest0
                             Output: matest0.id, (1 - matest0.id)
                             Index Cond: ((1 - matest0.id) IS NOT NULL)
                       ->  Index Scan using matest1i on public.matest1
                             Output: matest1.id, (1 - matest1.id)
                             Index Cond: ((1 - matest1.id) IS NOT NULL)
                       ->  Sort
                             Output: matest2.id, ((1 - matest2.id))
                             Sort Key: ((1 - matest2.id))
                             ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on public.matest2
                                   Output: matest2.id, (1 - matest2.id)
                                   Filter: ((1 - matest2.id) IS NOT NULL)
                                   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on matest2_pkey
                       ->  Index Scan using matest3i on public.matest3
                             Output: matest3.id, (1 - matest3.id)
                             Index Cond: ((1 - matest3.id) IS NOT NULL)
(25 rows)

select min(1-id) from matest0;
 min 
-----
  -5
(1 row)

reset enable_seqscan;
drop table matest0 cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to 3 other objects
DETAIL:  drop cascades to table matest1
drop cascades to table matest2
drop cascades to table matest3
--
-- Test merge-append for UNION ALL append relations
--
set enable_seqscan = off;
set enable_indexscan = on;
set enable_bitmapscan = off;
-- Check handling of duplicated, constant, or volatile targetlist items
explain (costs off)
SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1
UNION ALL
SELECT thousand, thousand FROM tenk1
ORDER BY thousand, tenthous;
                               QUERY PLAN                                
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Merge Append
   Sort Key: tenk1.thousand, tenk1.tenthous
   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
   ->  Sort
         Sort Key: tenk1_1.thousand, tenk1_1.thousand
         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 tenk1_1
(6 rows)

explain (costs off)
SELECT thousand, tenthous, thousand+tenthous AS x FROM tenk1
UNION ALL
SELECT 42, 42, hundred FROM tenk1
ORDER BY thousand, tenthous;
                            QUERY PLAN                            
------------------------------------------------------------------
 Merge Append
   Sort Key: tenk1.thousand, tenk1.tenthous
   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
   ->  Sort
         Sort Key: (42), (42)
         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_hundred on tenk1 tenk1_1
(6 rows)

explain (costs off)
SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1
UNION ALL
SELECT thousand, random()::integer FROM tenk1
ORDER BY thousand, tenthous;
                               QUERY PLAN                                
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Merge Append
   Sort Key: tenk1.thousand, tenk1.tenthous
   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
   ->  Sort
         Sort Key: tenk1_1.thousand, ((random())::integer)
         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 tenk1_1
(6 rows)

-- Check min/max aggregate optimization
explain (costs off)
SELECT min(x) FROM
  (SELECT unique1 AS x FROM tenk1 a
   UNION ALL
   SELECT unique2 AS x FROM tenk1 b) s;
                             QUERY PLAN                             
--------------------------------------------------------------------
 Result
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Merge Append
                 Sort Key: a.unique1
                 ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 a
                       Index Cond: (unique1 IS NOT NULL)
                 ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
                       Index Cond: (unique2 IS NOT NULL)
(9 rows)

explain (costs off)
SELECT min(y) FROM
  (SELECT unique1 AS x, unique1 AS y FROM tenk1 a
   UNION ALL
   SELECT unique2 AS x, unique2 AS y FROM tenk1 b) s;
                             QUERY PLAN                             
--------------------------------------------------------------------
 Result
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Merge Append
                 Sort Key: a.unique1
                 ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 a
                       Index Cond: (unique1 IS NOT NULL)
                 ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
                       Index Cond: (unique2 IS NOT NULL)
(9 rows)

-- XXX planner doesn't recognize that index on unique2 is sufficiently sorted
explain (costs off)
SELECT x, y FROM
  (SELECT thousand AS x, tenthous AS y FROM tenk1 a
   UNION ALL
   SELECT unique2 AS x, unique2 AS y FROM tenk1 b) s
ORDER BY x, y;
                         QUERY PLAN                          
-------------------------------------------------------------
 Merge Append
   Sort Key: a.thousand, a.tenthous
   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 a
   ->  Sort
         Sort Key: b.unique2, b.unique2
         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
(6 rows)

-- exercise rescan code path via a repeatedly-evaluated subquery
explain (costs off)
SELECT
    ARRAY(SELECT f.i FROM (
        (SELECT d + g.i FROM generate_series(4, 30, 3) d ORDER BY 1)
        UNION ALL
        (SELECT d + g.i FROM generate_series(0, 30, 5) d ORDER BY 1)
    ) f(i)
    ORDER BY f.i LIMIT 10)
FROM generate_series(1, 3) g(i);
                           QUERY PLAN                           
----------------------------------------------------------------
 Function Scan on generate_series g
   SubPlan 1
     ->  Limit
           ->  Merge Append
                 Sort Key: ((d.d + g.i))
                 ->  Sort
                       Sort Key: ((d.d + g.i))
                       ->  Function Scan on generate_series d
                 ->  Sort
                       Sort Key: ((d_1.d + g.i))
                       ->  Function Scan on generate_series d_1
(11 rows)

SELECT
    ARRAY(SELECT f.i FROM (
        (SELECT d + g.i FROM generate_series(4, 30, 3) d ORDER BY 1)
        UNION ALL
        (SELECT d + g.i FROM generate_series(0, 30, 5) d ORDER BY 1)
    ) f(i)
    ORDER BY f.i LIMIT 10)
FROM generate_series(1, 3) g(i);
            array             
------------------------------
 {1,5,6,8,11,11,14,16,17,20}
 {2,6,7,9,12,12,15,17,18,21}
 {3,7,8,10,13,13,16,18,19,22}
(3 rows)

reset enable_seqscan;
reset enable_indexscan;
reset enable_bitmapscan;