1999-07-22 17:09:15 +02:00
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$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml,v 1.24 2001/05/09 13:27:15 momjian Exp $
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1999-07-22 17:09:15 +02:00
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Postgres documentation
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-->
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<refentry id="SQL-ALTERTABLE">
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<refmeta>
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1999-07-22 17:09:15 +02:00
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<refentrytitle id="sql-altertable-title">
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ALTER TABLE
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</refentrytitle>
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<refmiscinfo>SQL - Language Statements</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>
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ALTER TABLE
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</refname>
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<refpurpose>
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Modifies table properties
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</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsynopsisdivinfo>
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1999-07-22 17:09:15 +02:00
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<date>1999-07-20</date>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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</refsynopsisdivinfo>
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<synopsis>
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2001-01-05 07:34:23 +01:00
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ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable> [ * ]
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ADD [ COLUMN ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">column</replaceable> <replaceable
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class="PARAMETER">type</replaceable>
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ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable> [ * ]
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ALTER [ COLUMN ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">column</replaceable> { SET DEFAULT <replaceable
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class="PARAMETER">value</replaceable> | DROP DEFAULT }
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2001-05-07 02:43:27 +02:00
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ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable> [ * ]
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ALTER [ COLUMN ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">column</replaceable> SET STATISTICS <replaceable class="PARAMETER">integer</replaceable>
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ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable> [ * ]
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RENAME [ COLUMN ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">column</replaceable> TO <replaceable
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class="PARAMETER">newcolumn</replaceable>
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ALTER TABLE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable>
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RENAME TO <replaceable class="PARAMETER">newtable</replaceable>
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ALTER TABLE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable>
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2001-02-10 17:41:30 +01:00
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ADD <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table constraint definition</replaceable>
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2000-12-20 04:19:24 +01:00
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ALTER TABLE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable>
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OWNER TO <replaceable class="PARAMETER">new owner</replaceable>
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</synopsis>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<refsect2 id="R2-SQL-ALTERTABLE-1">
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<refsect2info>
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<date>1998-04-15</date>
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</refsect2info>
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<title>
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Inputs
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</title>
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<para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER"> table </replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The name of an existing table to alter.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER"> column </replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Name of a new or existing column.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER"> type </replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Type of the new column.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER"> newcolumn </replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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New name for an existing column.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER"> newtable </replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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New name for the table.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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2000-04-11 16:43:54 +02:00
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER"> table constraint definition </replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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New table constraint for the table
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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2000-12-20 04:19:24 +01:00
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">New user </replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The user name of the new owner of the table.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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</refsect2>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<refsect2 id="R2-SQL-ALTERTABLE-2">
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<refsect2info>
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<date>1998-04-15</date>
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</refsect2info>
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<title>
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Outputs
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</title>
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<para>
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1998-10-30 20:34:40 +01:00
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><computeroutput>ALTER</computeroutput></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Message returned from column or table renaming.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<varlistentry>
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2000-01-29 17:58:54 +01:00
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<term><computeroutput>ERROR</computeroutput></term>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Message returned if table or column is not available.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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</refsect2>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<refsect1 id="R1-SQL-ALTERTABLE-1">
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<refsect1info>
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<date>1998-04-15</date>
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</refsect1info>
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<title>
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Description
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</title>
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<para>
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1998-09-16 16:43:12 +02:00
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<command>ALTER TABLE</command> changes the definition of an existing table.
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The <literal>ADD COLUMN</literal> form adds a new column to the table
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using the same syntax as <xref linkend="SQL-CREATETABLE"
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endterm="SQL-CREATETABLE-title">.
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The <literal>ALTER COLUMN SET/DROP DEFAULT</literal> forms
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allow you to set or remove the default for the column. Note that defaults
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only apply to subsequent <command>INSERT</command> commands; they do not
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cause rows already in the table to change.
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The <literal>ALTER COLUMN SET STATISTICS</literal> form allows you to
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set the statistics-gathering target for subsequent
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<xref linkend="sql-analyze" endterm="sql-analyze-title"> operations.
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The <literal>RENAME</literal> clause causes the name of a table or column
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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to change without changing any of the data contained in
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the affected table. Thus, the table or column will
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remain of the same type and size after this command is
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executed.
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2001-02-10 17:41:30 +01:00
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The ADD <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table constraint definition</replaceable> clause
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adds a new constraint to the table using the same syntax as <xref
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linkend="SQL-CREATETABLE" endterm="SQL-CREATETABLE-title">.
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2001-05-07 02:43:27 +02:00
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The OWNER clause changes the owner of the table to the user <replaceable class="PARAMETER">
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2000-12-20 04:19:24 +01:00
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new user</replaceable>.
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</para>
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<para>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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You must own the table in order to change its schema.
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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</para>
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<refsect2 id="R2-SQL-ALTERTABLE-3">
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<refsect2info>
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<date>1998-04-15</date>
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</refsect2info>
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<title>
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Notes
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</title>
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<para>
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The keyword <literal>COLUMN</literal> is noise and can be omitted.
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</para>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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1999-07-22 17:09:15 +02:00
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<para>
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2001-05-07 02:43:27 +02:00
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In the current implementation of <literal>ADD COLUMN</literal>,
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default and constraint clauses for the
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2000-01-29 17:58:54 +01:00
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new column will be ignored. You can use the <literal>SET DEFAULT</literal>
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form of <command>ALTER TABLE</command> to set the default later.
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2001-05-07 02:43:27 +02:00
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(You may also want to update the already existing rows to the
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2000-12-26 00:15:27 +01:00
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new default value, using <xref linkend="sql-update"
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2000-01-29 17:58:54 +01:00
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endterm="sql-update-title">.)
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1999-07-22 17:09:15 +02:00
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</para>
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2000-04-11 16:43:54 +02:00
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<para>
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2001-05-09 15:27:15 +02:00
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In the current implementation, only FOREIGN KEY and CHECK constraints can
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2000-04-11 16:43:54 +02:00
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be added to a table. To create or remove a unique constraint, create
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a unique index (see <xref linkend="SQL-CREATEINDEX"
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2001-05-09 15:27:15 +02:00
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endterm="SQL-CREATEINDEX-title">).
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2000-04-11 16:43:54 +02:00
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</para>
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1999-07-22 17:09:15 +02:00
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<para>
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2001-01-14 00:58:55 +01:00
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You must own the table in order to change it.
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2001-05-07 02:43:27 +02:00
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Changing any part of the schema of a system
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catalog is not permitted.
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1998-09-22 17:48:03 +02:00
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The <citetitle>PostgreSQL User's Guide</citetitle> has further
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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information on inheritance.
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</para>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<para>
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Refer to <command>CREATE TABLE</command> for a further description
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of valid arguments.
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</para>
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</refsect2>
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</refsect1>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<refsect1 id="R1-SQL-ALTERTABLE-2">
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<title>
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Usage
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</title>
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<para>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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To add a column of type VARCHAR to a table:
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<programlisting>
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ALTER TABLE distributors ADD COLUMN address VARCHAR(30);
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<para>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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To rename an existing column:
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<programlisting>
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ALTER TABLE distributors RENAME COLUMN address TO city;
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<para>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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To rename an existing table:
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<programlisting>
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ALTER TABLE distributors RENAME TO suppliers;
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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2000-04-11 16:43:54 +02:00
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2001-05-09 15:27:15 +02:00
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<para>
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To add a check constraint to a table:
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<programlisting>
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ALTER TABLE distributors ADD CONSTRAINT zipchk CHECK (char_length(zipcode) = 5)
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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2000-04-11 16:43:54 +02:00
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<para>
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To add a foreign key constraint to a table:
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<programlisting>
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ALTER TABLE distributors ADD CONSTRAINT distfk FOREIGN KEY (address) REFERENCES addresses(address) MATCH FULL
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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</refsect1>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<refsect1 id="R1-SQL-ALTERTABLE-3">
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<title>
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Compatibility
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</title>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<refsect2 id="R2-SQL-ALTERTABLE-4">
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<refsect2info>
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<date>1998-04-15</date>
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</refsect2info>
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2000-01-29 17:58:54 +01:00
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<title>SQL92</title>
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<para>
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The <literal>ADD COLUMN</literal> form is compliant with the exception that
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it does not support defaults and constraints, as explained above.
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The <literal>ALTER COLUMN</literal> form is in full compliance.
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</para>
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1998-09-16 16:43:12 +02:00
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2000-01-29 17:58:54 +01:00
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<para>
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SQL92 specifies some additional capabilities for <command>ALTER TABLE</command>
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2000-03-27 19:14:43 +02:00
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statement which are not yet directly supported by <productname>Postgres</productname>:
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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2000-01-29 17:58:54 +01:00
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<synopsis>
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ALTER TABLE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable> DROP CONSTRAINT <replaceable class="PARAMETER">constraint</replaceable> { RESTRICT | CASCADE }
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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</synopsis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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2000-04-11 16:43:54 +02:00
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Removes a table constraint (such as a check constraint,
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unique constraint, or foreign key constraint). To
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2000-10-05 21:48:34 +02:00
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remove a unique constraint, drop a unique index.
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2000-04-11 16:43:54 +02:00
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To remove other kinds of constraints you need to recreate
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2000-01-29 17:58:54 +01:00
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and reload the table, using other parameters to the
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<xref linkend="SQL-CREATETABLE" endterm="SQL-CREATETABLE-title">
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command.
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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</para>
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<para>
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2000-01-29 17:58:54 +01:00
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For example, to drop any constraints on a table <literal>distributors</literal>:
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<programlisting>
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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CREATE TABLE temp AS SELECT * FROM distributors;
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DROP TABLE distributors;
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CREATE TABLE distributors AS SELECT * FROM temp;
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DROP TABLE temp;
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<synopsis>
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2000-01-29 17:58:54 +01:00
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ALTER TABLE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable> DROP [ COLUMN ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">column</replaceable> { RESTRICT | CASCADE }
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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</synopsis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Removes a column from a table.
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Currently, to remove an existing column the table must be
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recreated and reloaded:
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<programlisting>
|
1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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CREATE TABLE temp AS SELECT did, city FROM distributors;
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DROP TABLE distributors;
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CREATE TABLE distributors (
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did DECIMAL(3) DEFAULT 1,
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2000-07-22 04:39:10 +02:00
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name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL
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1998-05-13 07:34:00 +02:00
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);
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INSERT INTO distributors SELECT * FROM temp;
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DROP TABLE temp;
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
|
2000-01-29 17:58:54 +01:00
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</para>
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<para>
|
2000-03-27 19:14:43 +02:00
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The clauses to rename columns and tables are <productname>Postgres</productname>
|
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|
extensions from SQL92.
|
2000-01-29 17:58:54 +01:00
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</para>
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|
1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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</refsect2>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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|
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
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Local variables:
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mode: sgml
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sgml-omittag:nil
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sgml-shorttag:t
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sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
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sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
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sgml-indent-step:1
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sgml-indent-data:t
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sgml-parent-document:nil
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sgml-default-dtd-file:"../reference.ced"
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sgml-exposed-tags:nil
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sgml-local-catalogs:"/usr/lib/sgml/catalog"
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sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
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End:
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-->
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