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610 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
610 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
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<!--
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doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_amcheck.sgml
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PostgreSQL documentation
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-->
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<refentry id="app-pgamcheck">
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<indexterm zone="app-pgamcheck">
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<primary>pg_amcheck</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle><application>pg_amcheck</application></refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo>Application</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>pg_amcheck</refname>
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<refpurpose>checks for corruption in one or more
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> databases</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>pg_amcheck</command>
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<arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>option</replaceable></arg>
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<arg><replaceable>dbname</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>
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<application>pg_amcheck</application> supports running
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<xref linkend="amcheck"/>'s corruption checking functions against one or
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more databases, with options to select which schemas, tables and indexes to
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check, which kinds of checking to perform, and whether to perform the checks
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in parallel, and if so, the number of parallel connections to establish and
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use.
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</para>
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<para>
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Only table relations and btree indexes are currently supported. Other
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relation types are silently skipped.
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</para>
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<para>
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If <literal>dbname</literal> is specified, it should be the name of a
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single database to check, and no other database selection options should
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be present. Otherwise, if any database selection options are present,
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all matching databases will be checked. If no such options are present,
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the default database will be checked. Database selection options include
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<option>--all</option>, <option>--database</option> and
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<option>--exclude-database</option>. They also include
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<option>--relation</option>, <option>--exclude-relation</option>,
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<option>--table</option>, <option>--exclude-table</option>,
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<option>--index</option>, and <option>--exclude-index</option>,
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but only when such options are used with a three-part pattern
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(e.g. <option>mydb*.myschema*.myrel*</option>). Finally, they include
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<option>--schema</option> and <option>--exclude-schema</option>
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when such options are used with a two-part pattern
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(e.g. <option>mydb*.myschema*</option>).
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</para>
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<para>
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<replaceable>dbname</replaceable> can also be a
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<link linkend="libpq-connstring">connection string</link>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>
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pg_amcheck accepts the following command-line arguments:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-a</option></term>
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<term><option>--all</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Check all databases, except for any excluded via
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<option>--exclude-database</option>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-d <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--database=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Check databases matching the specified
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<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link>,
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except for any excluded by <option>--exclude-database</option>.
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This option can be specified more than once.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-D <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--exclude-database=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Exclude databases matching the given
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<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link>.
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This option can be specified more than once.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-e</option></term>
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<term><option>--echo</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Echo to stdout all SQL sent to the server.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--endblock=<replaceable class="parameter">block</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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End checking at the specified block number. An error will occur if the
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table relation being checked has fewer than this number of blocks.
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This option does not apply to indexes, and is probably only useful when
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checking a single table relation. If both a regular table and a toast
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table are checked, this option will apply to both, but higher-numbered
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toast blocks may still be accessed while validating toast pointers,
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unless that is suppressed using
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<option>--exclude-toast-pointers</option>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--exclude-toast-pointers</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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By default, whenever a toast pointer is encountered in a table,
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a lookup is performed to ensure that it references apparently-valid
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entries in the toast table. These checks can be quite slow, and this
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option can be used to skip them.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--heapallindexed</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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For each index checked, verify the presence of all heap tuples as index
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tuples in the index using <xref linkend="amcheck"/>'s
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<option>heapallindexed</option> option.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-?</option></term>
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<term><option>--help</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Show help about <application>pg_amcheck</application> command line
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arguments, and exit.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-h <replaceable class="parameter">hostname</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--host=<replaceable class="parameter">hostname</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running.
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If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the
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Unix domain socket.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-i <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--index=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Check indexes matching the specified
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<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link>,
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unless they are otherwise excluded.
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This option can be specified more than once.
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</para>
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<para>
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This is similar to the <option>--relation</option> option, except that
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it applies only to indexes, not tables.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-I <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--exclude-index=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Exclude indexes matching the specified
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<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link>.
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This option can be specified more than once.
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</para>
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<para>
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This is similar to the <option>--exclude-relation</option> option,
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except that it applies only to indexes, not tables.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-j <replaceable class="parameter">num</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--jobs=<replaceable class="parameter">num</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Use <replaceable>num</replaceable> concurrent connections to the server,
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or one per object to be checked, whichever is less.
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</para>
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<para>
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The default is to use a single connection.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--maintenance-db=<replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies a database or
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<link linkend="libpq-connstring">connection string</link> to be
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used to discover the list of databases to be checked. If neither
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<option>--all</option> nor any option including a database pattern is
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used, no such connection is required and this option does nothing.
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Otherwise, any connection string parameters other than
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the database name which are included in the value for this option
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will also be used when connecting to the databases
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being checked. If this option is omitted, the default is
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<literal>postgres</literal> or, if that fails,
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<literal>template1</literal>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-dependent-indexes</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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By default, if a table is checked, any btree indexes of that table
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will also be checked, even if they are not explicitly selected by
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an option such as <literal>--index</literal> or
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<literal>--relation</literal>. This option suppresses that behavior.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-strict-names</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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By default, if an argument to <literal>--database</literal>,
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<literal>--table</literal>, <literal>--index</literal>,
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or <literal>--relation</literal> matches no objects, it is a fatal
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error. This option downgrades that error to a warning.
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If this option is used with <literal>--quiet</literal>, the warning
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will be supressed as well.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-dependent-toast</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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By default, if a table is checked, its toast table, if any, will also
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be checked, even if it is not explicitly selected by an option
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such as <literal>--table</literal> or <literal>--relation</literal>.
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This option suppresses that behavior.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--on-error-stop</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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After reporting all corruptions on the first page of a table where
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corruption is found, stop processing that table relation and move on
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to the next table or index.
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</para>
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<para>
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Note that index checking always stops after the first corrupt page.
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This option only has meaning relative to table relations.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--parent-check</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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For each btree index checked, use <xref linkend="amcheck"/>'s
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<function>bt_index_parent_check</function> function, which performs
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additional checks of parent/child relationships during index checking.
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</para>
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<para>
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The default is to use <application>amcheck</application>'s
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<function>bt_index_check</function> function, but note that use of the
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<option>--rootdescend</option> option implicitly selects
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<function>bt_index_parent_check</function>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--port=<replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file extension on
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which the server is listening for connections.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-P</option></term>
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<term><option>--progress</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Show progress information. Progress information includes the number
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of relations for which checking has been completed, and the total
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size of those relations. It also includes the total number of relations
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that will eventually be checked, and the estimated size of those
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relations.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-q</option></term>
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<term><option>--quiet</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Print fewer messages, and less detail regarding any server errors.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-r <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--relation=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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|
<para>
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Check relations matching the specified
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<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link>,
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unless they are otherwise excluded.
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|
This option can be specified more than once.
|
||
|
</para>
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|
<para>
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Patterns may be unqualified, e.g. <literal>myrel*</literal>, or they
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|
may be schema-qualified, e.g. <literal>myschema*.myrel*</literal> or
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|
database-qualified and schema-qualified, e.g.
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<literal>mydb*.myscheam*.myrel*</literal>. A database-qualified
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|
pattern will add matching databases to the list of databases to be
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checked.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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|
</varlistentry>
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||
|
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<varlistentry>
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|
<term><option>-R <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
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||
|
<term><option>--exclude-relation=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
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||
|
<listitem>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
Exclude relations matching the specified
|
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|
<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link>.
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|
This option can be specified more than once.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
As with <option>--relation</option>, the
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||
|
<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> may be unqualified, schema-qualified,
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|
or database- and schema-qualified.
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|
</para>
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|
</listitem>
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||
|
</varlistentry>
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||
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<varlistentry>
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|
<term><option>--rootdescend</option></term>
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<listitem>
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|
<para>
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For each index checked, re-find tuples on the leaf level by performing a
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new search from the root page for each tuple using
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<xref linkend="amcheck"/>'s <option>rootdescend</option> option.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
Use of this option implicitly also selects the
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|
<option>--parent-check</option> option.
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|
</para>
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<para>
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|
This form of verification was originally written to help in the
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development of btree index features. It may be of limited use or even
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of no use in helping detect the kinds of corruption that occur in
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|
practice. It may also cause corruption checking to take considerably
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|
longer and consume considerably more resources on the server.
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|
</para>
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||
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</listitem>
|
||
|
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<varlistentry>
|
||
|
<term><option>-s <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
|
||
|
<term><option>--schema=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
|
||
|
<listitem>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
Check tables and indexes in schemas matching the specified
|
||
|
<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link>, unless they are otherwise excluded.
|
||
|
This option can be specified more than once.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
To select only tables in schemas matching a particular pattern,
|
||
|
consider using something like
|
||
|
<literal>--table=SCHEMAPAT.* --no-dependent-indexes</literal>.
|
||
|
To select only indexes, consider using something like
|
||
|
<literal>--index=SCHEMAPAT.*</literal>.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
A schema pattern may be database-qualified. For example, you may
|
||
|
write <literal>--schema=mydb*.myschema*</literal> to select
|
||
|
schemas matching <literal>myschema*</literal> in databases matching
|
||
|
<literal>mydb*</literal>.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
</listitem>
|
||
|
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<varlistentry>
|
||
|
<term><option>-S <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
|
||
|
<term><option>--exclude-schema=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
|
||
|
<listitem>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
Exclude tables and indexes in schemas matching the specified
|
||
|
<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link>.
|
||
|
This option can be specified more than once.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
As with <option>--schema</option>, the pattern may be
|
||
|
database-qualified.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
</listitem>
|
||
|
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<varlistentry>
|
||
|
<term><option>--skip=<replaceable class="parameter">option</replaceable></option></term>
|
||
|
<listitem>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
If <literal>"all-frozen"</literal> is given, table corruption checks
|
||
|
will skip over pages in all tables that are marked as all frozen.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
If <literal>all-visible</literal> is given, table corruption checks
|
||
|
will skip over pages in all tables that are marked as all visible.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
By default, no pages are skipped. This can be specified as
|
||
|
<literal>none</literal>, but since this is the default, it need not be
|
||
|
mentioned.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
</listitem>
|
||
|
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<varlistentry>
|
||
|
<term><option>--startblock=<replaceable class="parameter">block</replaceable></option></term>
|
||
|
<listitem>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
Start checking at the specified block number. An error will occur if
|
||
|
the table relation being checked has fewer than this number of blocks.
|
||
|
This option does not apply to indexes, and is probably only useful
|
||
|
when checking a single table relation. See <literal>--endblock</literal>
|
||
|
for further caveats.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
</listitem>
|
||
|
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<varlistentry>
|
||
|
<term><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
|
||
|
<term><option>--table=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
|
||
|
<listitem>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
Check tables matching the specified
|
||
|
<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link>,
|
||
|
unless they are otherwise excluded.
|
||
|
This option can be specified more than once.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
This is similar to the <option>--relation</option> option, except that
|
||
|
it applies only to tables, not indexes.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
</listitem>
|
||
|
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<varlistentry>
|
||
|
<term><option>-T <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
|
||
|
<term><option>--exclude-table=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
|
||
|
<listitem>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
Exclude tables matching the specified
|
||
|
<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link>.
|
||
|
This option can be specified more than once.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
This is similar to the <option>--exclude-relation</option> option,
|
||
|
except that it applies only to tables, not indexes.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
</listitem>
|
||
|
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<varlistentry>
|
||
|
<term><option>-U</option></term>
|
||
|
<term><option>--username=<replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></option></term>
|
||
|
<listitem>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
User name to connect as.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
</listitem>
|
||
|
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<varlistentry>
|
||
|
<term><option>-v</option></term>
|
||
|
<term><option>--verbose</option></term>
|
||
|
<listitem>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
Print more messages. In particular, this will print a message for
|
||
|
each relation being checked, and will increase the level of detail
|
||
|
shown for server errors.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
</listitem>
|
||
|
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<varlistentry>
|
||
|
<term><option>-V</option></term>
|
||
|
<term><option>--version</option></term>
|
||
|
<listitem>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
Print the <application>pg_amcheck</application> version and exit.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
</listitem>
|
||
|
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<varlistentry>
|
||
|
<term><option>-w</option></term>
|
||
|
<term><option>--no-password</option></term>
|
||
|
<listitem>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password
|
||
|
authentication and a password is not available by other means such as
|
||
|
a <filename>.pgpass</filename> file, the connection attempt will fail.
|
||
|
This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is
|
||
|
present to enter a password.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
</listitem>
|
||
|
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<varlistentry>
|
||
|
<term><option>-W</option></term>
|
||
|
<term><option>--password</option></term>
|
||
|
<listitem>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
Force <application>pg_amcheck</application> to prompt for a password
|
||
|
before connecting to a database.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
This option is never essential, since
|
||
|
<application>pg_amcheck</application> will automatically prompt for a
|
||
|
password if the server demands password authentication. However,
|
||
|
<application>pg_amcheck</application> will waste a connection attempt
|
||
|
finding out that the server wants a password. In some cases it is
|
||
|
worth typing <option>-W</option> to avoid the extra connection attempt.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
</listitem>
|
||
|
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
|
||
|
</variablelist>
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
</refsect1>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<refsect1>
|
||
|
<title>Notes</title>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
<application>pg_amcheck</application> is designed to work with
|
||
|
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 14.0 and later.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
</refsect1>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<refsect1>
|
||
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<simplelist type="inline">
|
||
|
<member><xref linkend="amcheck"/></member>
|
||
|
</simplelist>
|
||
|
</refsect1>
|
||
|
</refentry>
|