postgresql/src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * parse_relation.c
 *	  parser support routines dealing with relations
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c,v 1.73 2002/08/05 02:30:50 tgl Exp $
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#include "postgres.h"

#include <ctype.h>

#include "access/heapam.h"
#include "access/htup.h"
#include "catalog/heap.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
#include "parser/parsetree.h"
#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
#include "parser/parse_expr.h"
#include "parser/parse_relation.h"
#include "parser/parse_type.h"
#include "rewrite/rewriteManip.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
#include "utils/syscache.h"


static Node *scanNameSpaceForRefname(ParseState *pstate, Node *nsnode,
						char *refname);
static Node *scanRTEForColumn(ParseState *pstate, RangeTblEntry *rte,
				 char *colname);
static bool isForUpdate(ParseState *pstate, char *refname);
static bool get_rte_attribute_is_dropped(RangeTblEntry *rte,
										 AttrNumber attnum);
static int	specialAttNum(const char *attname);
static void warnAutoRange(ParseState *pstate, RangeVar *relation);


/*
 * refnameRangeTblEntry
 *	  Given a refname, look to see if it matches any RTE.
 *	  If so, return a pointer to the RangeTblEntry.
 *	  Optionally get its nesting depth (0 = current).	If sublevels_up
 *	  is NULL, only consider items at the current nesting level.
 */
RangeTblEntry *
refnameRangeTblEntry(ParseState *pstate,
					 char *refname,
					 int *sublevels_up)
{
	if (sublevels_up)
		*sublevels_up = 0;

	while (pstate != NULL)
	{
		Node	   *nsnode;

		nsnode = scanNameSpaceForRefname(pstate,
										 (Node *) pstate->p_namespace,
										 refname);
		if (nsnode)
		{
			/* should get an RTE or JoinExpr */
			if (IsA(nsnode, RangeTblEntry))
				return (RangeTblEntry *) nsnode;
			Assert(IsA(nsnode, JoinExpr));
			return rt_fetch(((JoinExpr *) nsnode)->rtindex, pstate->p_rtable);
		}

		pstate = pstate->parentParseState;
		if (sublevels_up)
			(*sublevels_up)++;
		else
			break;
	}
	return NULL;
}

/*
 * Recursively search a namespace for an RTE or joinexpr with given refname.
 *
 * The top level of p_namespace is a list, and we recurse into any joins
 * that are not subqueries.  It is also possible to pass an individual
 * join subtree (useful when checking for name conflicts within a scope).
 *
 * Note: we do not worry about the possibility of multiple matches;
 * we assume the code that built the namespace checked for duplicates.
 */
static Node *
scanNameSpaceForRefname(ParseState *pstate, Node *nsnode,
						char *refname)
{
	Node	   *result = NULL;

	if (nsnode == NULL)
		return NULL;
	if (IsA(nsnode, RangeTblRef))
	{
		int			varno = ((RangeTblRef *) nsnode)->rtindex;
		RangeTblEntry *rte = rt_fetch(varno, pstate->p_rtable);

		if (strcmp(rte->eref->aliasname, refname) == 0)
			result = (Node *) rte;
	}
	else if (IsA(nsnode, JoinExpr))
	{
		JoinExpr   *j = (JoinExpr *) nsnode;

		if (j->alias)
		{
			if (strcmp(j->alias->aliasname, refname) == 0)
				return (Node *) j;		/* matched a join alias */

			/*
			 * Tables within an aliased join are invisible from outside
			 * the join, according to the scope rules of SQL92 (the join
			 * is considered a subquery).  So, stop here.
			 */
			return NULL;
		}
		result = scanNameSpaceForRefname(pstate, j->larg, refname);
		if (!result)
			result = scanNameSpaceForRefname(pstate, j->rarg, refname);
	}
	else if (IsA(nsnode, List))
	{
		List	   *l;

		foreach(l, (List *) nsnode)
		{
			result = scanNameSpaceForRefname(pstate, lfirst(l), refname);
			if (result)
				break;
		}
	}
	else
		elog(ERROR, "scanNameSpaceForRefname: unexpected node type %d",
			 nodeTag(nsnode));
	return result;
}

/* Convenience subroutine for checkNameSpaceConflicts */
static void
scanNameSpaceForConflict(ParseState *pstate, Node *nsnode,
						 char *refname)
{
	if (scanNameSpaceForRefname(pstate, nsnode, refname) != NULL)
		elog(ERROR, "Table name \"%s\" specified more than once", refname);
}

/*
 * Recursively check for refname conflicts between two namespaces or
 * namespace subtrees.	Raise an error if any is found.
 *
 * Works by recursively scanning namespace1 in the same way that
 * scanNameSpaceForRefname does, and then looking in namespace2 for
 * a match to each refname found in namespace1.
 *
 * Note: we assume that each given argument does not contain conflicts
 * itself; we just want to know if the two can be merged together.
 */
void
checkNameSpaceConflicts(ParseState *pstate, Node *namespace1,
						Node *namespace2)
{
	if (namespace1 == NULL)
		return;
	if (IsA(namespace1, RangeTblRef))
	{
		int			varno = ((RangeTblRef *) namespace1)->rtindex;
		RangeTblEntry *rte = rt_fetch(varno, pstate->p_rtable);

		scanNameSpaceForConflict(pstate, namespace2, rte->eref->aliasname);
	}
	else if (IsA(namespace1, JoinExpr))
	{
		JoinExpr   *j = (JoinExpr *) namespace1;

		if (j->alias)
		{
			scanNameSpaceForConflict(pstate, namespace2, j->alias->aliasname);

			/*
			 * Tables within an aliased join are invisible from outside
			 * the join, according to the scope rules of SQL92 (the join
			 * is considered a subquery).  So, stop here.
			 */
			return;
		}
		checkNameSpaceConflicts(pstate, j->larg, namespace2);
		checkNameSpaceConflicts(pstate, j->rarg, namespace2);
	}
	else if (IsA(namespace1, List))
	{
		List	   *l;

		foreach(l, (List *) namespace1)
			checkNameSpaceConflicts(pstate, lfirst(l), namespace2);
	}
	else
		elog(ERROR, "checkNameSpaceConflicts: unexpected node type %d",
			 nodeTag(namespace1));
}

/*
 * given an RTE, return RT index (starting with 1) of the entry,
 * and optionally get its nesting depth (0 = current).	If sublevels_up
 * is NULL, only consider rels at the current nesting level.
 * Raises error if RTE not found.
 */
int
RTERangeTablePosn(ParseState *pstate, RangeTblEntry *rte, int *sublevels_up)
{
	int			index;
	List	   *temp;

	if (sublevels_up)
		*sublevels_up = 0;

	while (pstate != NULL)
	{
		index = 1;
		foreach(temp, pstate->p_rtable)
		{
			if (rte == (RangeTblEntry *) lfirst(temp))
				return index;
			index++;
		}
		pstate = pstate->parentParseState;
		if (sublevels_up)
			(*sublevels_up)++;
		else
			break;
	}

	elog(ERROR, "RTERangeTablePosn: RTE not found (internal error)");
	return 0;					/* keep compiler quiet */
}

/*
 * scanRTEForColumn
 *	  Search the column names of a single RTE for the given name.
 *	  If found, return an appropriate Var node, else return NULL.
 *	  If the name proves ambiguous within this RTE, raise error.
 *
 * Side effect: if we find a match, mark the RTE as requiring read access.
 * See comments in setTargetTable().
 *
 * NOTE: if the RTE is for a join, marking it as requiring read access does
 * nothing.  It might seem that we need to propagate the mark to all the
 * contained RTEs, but that is not necessary.  This is so because a join
 * expression can only appear in a FROM clause, and any table named in
 * FROM will be marked checkForRead from the beginning.
 */
static Node *
scanRTEForColumn(ParseState *pstate, RangeTblEntry *rte, char *colname)
{
	Node	   *result = NULL;
	int			attnum = 0;
	List	   *c;

	/*
	 * Scan the user column names (or aliases) for a match. Complain if
	 * multiple matches.
	 *
	 * Note: because eref->colnames may include names of dropped columns,
	 * we need to check for non-droppedness before accepting a match.
	 * This takes an extra cache lookup, but we can skip the lookup most
	 * of the time by exploiting the knowledge that dropped columns are
	 * assigned dummy names starting with '.', which is an unusual choice
	 * for actual column names.
	 *
	 * Should the user try to fool us by altering pg_attribute.attname
	 * for a dropped column, we'll still catch it by virtue of the checks
	 * in get_rte_attribute_type(), which is called by make_var().  That
	 * routine has to do a cache lookup anyway, so the check there is
	 * cheap.
	 */
	foreach(c, rte->eref->colnames)
	{
		attnum++;
		if (strcmp(strVal(lfirst(c)), colname) == 0)
		{
			if (colname[0] == '.' && /* see note above */
				get_rte_attribute_is_dropped(rte, attnum))
				continue;
			if (result)
				elog(ERROR, "Column reference \"%s\" is ambiguous", colname);
			result = (Node *) make_var(pstate, rte, attnum);
			rte->checkForRead = true;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * If we have a unique match, return it.  Note that this allows a user
	 * alias to override a system column name (such as OID) without error.
	 */
	if (result)
		return result;

	/*
	 * If the RTE represents a real table, consider system column names.
	 */
	if (rte->rtekind == RTE_RELATION)
	{
		/* quick check to see if name could be a system column */
		attnum = specialAttNum(colname);
		if (attnum != InvalidAttrNumber)
		{
			/* now check to see if column actually is defined */
			if (SearchSysCacheExists(ATTNUM,
									 ObjectIdGetDatum(rte->relid),
									 Int16GetDatum(attnum),
									 0, 0))
			{
				result = (Node *) make_var(pstate, rte, attnum);
				rte->checkForRead = true;
			}
		}
	}

	return result;
}

/*
 * colnameToVar
 *	  Search for an unqualified column name.
 *	  If found, return the appropriate Var node (or expression).
 *	  If not found, return NULL.  If the name proves ambiguous, raise error.
 */
Node *
colnameToVar(ParseState *pstate, char *colname)
{
	Node	   *result = NULL;
	ParseState *orig_pstate = pstate;
	int			levels_up = 0;

	while (pstate != NULL)
	{
		List	   *ns;

		/*
		 * We need to look only at top-level namespace items, and even for
		 * those, ignore RTEs that are marked as not inFromCl and not the
		 * query's target relation.
		 */
		foreach(ns, pstate->p_namespace)
		{
			Node	   *nsnode = (Node *) lfirst(ns);
			Node	   *newresult = NULL;

			if (IsA(nsnode, RangeTblRef))
			{
				int			varno = ((RangeTblRef *) nsnode)->rtindex;
				RangeTblEntry *rte = rt_fetch(varno, pstate->p_rtable);

				if (!rte->inFromCl &&
					rte != pstate->p_target_rangetblentry)
					continue;

				/* use orig_pstate here to get the right sublevels_up */
				newresult = scanRTEForColumn(orig_pstate, rte, colname);
			}
			else if (IsA(nsnode, JoinExpr))
			{
				int			varno = ((JoinExpr *) nsnode)->rtindex;
				RangeTblEntry *rte = rt_fetch(varno, pstate->p_rtable);

				/* joins are always inFromCl, so no need to check */

				/* use orig_pstate here to get the right sublevels_up */
				newresult = scanRTEForColumn(orig_pstate, rte, colname);
			}
			else
				elog(ERROR, "colnameToVar: unexpected node type %d",
					 nodeTag(nsnode));

			if (newresult)
			{
				if (result)
					elog(ERROR, "Column reference \"%s\" is ambiguous",
						 colname);
				result = newresult;
			}
		}

		if (result != NULL)
			break;				/* found */

		pstate = pstate->parentParseState;
		levels_up++;
	}

	return result;
}

/*
 * qualifiedNameToVar
 *	  Search for a qualified column name (refname + column name).
 *	  If found, return the appropriate Var node.
 *	  If not found, return NULL.  If the name proves ambiguous, raise error.
 */
Node *
qualifiedNameToVar(ParseState *pstate, char *refname, char *colname,
				   bool implicitRTEOK)
{
	RangeTblEntry *rte;
	int			sublevels_up;

	rte = refnameRangeTblEntry(pstate, refname, &sublevels_up);

	if (rte == NULL)
	{
		if (!implicitRTEOK)
			return NULL;
		rte = addImplicitRTE(pstate, makeRangeVar(NULL, refname));
	}

	return scanRTEForColumn(pstate, rte, colname);
}

/*
 * Add an entry for a relation to the pstate's range table (p_rtable).
 *
 * If pstate is NULL, we just build an RTE and return it without adding it
 * to an rtable list.
 *
 * Note: formerly this checked for refname conflicts, but that's wrong.
 * Caller is responsible for checking for conflicts in the appropriate scope.
 */
RangeTblEntry *
addRangeTableEntry(ParseState *pstate,
				   RangeVar *relation,
				   Alias *alias,
				   bool inh,
				   bool inFromCl)
{
	RangeTblEntry *rte = makeNode(RangeTblEntry);
	char	   *refname = alias ? alias->aliasname : relation->relname;
	LOCKMODE	lockmode;
	Relation	rel;
	Alias	   *eref;
	int			maxattrs;
	int			numaliases;
	int			varattno;

	rte->rtekind = RTE_RELATION;
	rte->alias = alias;

	/*
	 * Get the rel's OID.  This access also ensures that we have an
	 * up-to-date relcache entry for the rel.  Since this is typically the
	 * first access to a rel in a statement, be careful to get the right
	 * access level depending on whether we're doing SELECT FOR UPDATE.
	 */
	lockmode = isForUpdate(pstate, refname) ? RowShareLock : AccessShareLock;
	rel = heap_openrv(relation, lockmode);
	rte->relid = RelationGetRelid(rel);

	eref = alias ? (Alias *) copyObject(alias) : makeAlias(refname, NIL);
	numaliases = length(eref->colnames);

	/*
	 * Since the rel is open anyway, let's check that the number of column
	 * aliases is reasonable. - Thomas 2000-02-04
	 */
	maxattrs = RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(rel);
	if (maxattrs < numaliases)
		elog(ERROR, "Table \"%s\" has %d columns available but %d columns specified",
			 RelationGetRelationName(rel), maxattrs, numaliases);

	/* fill in any unspecified alias columns using actual column names */
	for (varattno = numaliases; varattno < maxattrs; varattno++)
	{
		char	   *attrname;

		attrname = pstrdup(NameStr(rel->rd_att->attrs[varattno]->attname));
		eref->colnames = lappend(eref->colnames, makeString(attrname));
	}
	rte->eref = eref;

	/*
	 * Drop the rel refcount, but keep the access lock till end of
	 * transaction so that the table can't be deleted or have its schema
	 * modified underneath us.
	 */
	heap_close(rel, NoLock);

	/*----------
	 * Flags:
	 * - this RTE should be expanded to include descendant tables,
	 * - this RTE is in the FROM clause,
	 * - this RTE should be checked for read/write access rights.
	 *
	 * The initial default on access checks is always check-for-READ-access,
	 * which is the right thing for all except target tables.
	 *----------
	 */
	rte->inh = inh;
	rte->inFromCl = inFromCl;
	rte->checkForRead = true;
	rte->checkForWrite = false;

	rte->checkAsUser = InvalidOid;		/* not set-uid by default, either */

	/*
	 * Add completed RTE to pstate's range table list, but not to join
	 * list nor namespace --- caller must do that if appropriate.
	 */
	if (pstate != NULL)
		pstate->p_rtable = lappend(pstate->p_rtable, rte);

	return rte;
}

/*
 * Add an entry for a relation to the pstate's range table (p_rtable).
 *
 * This is just like addRangeTableEntry() except that it makes an RTE
 * given a relation OID instead of a RangeVar reference.
 *
 * Note that an alias clause *must* be supplied.
 */
RangeTblEntry *
addRangeTableEntryForRelation(ParseState *pstate,
							  Oid relid,
							  Alias *alias,
							  bool inh,
							  bool inFromCl)
{
	RangeTblEntry *rte = makeNode(RangeTblEntry);
	char	   *refname = alias->aliasname;
	LOCKMODE	lockmode;
	Relation	rel;
	Alias	   *eref;
	int			maxattrs;
	int			numaliases;
	int			varattno;

	rte->rtekind = RTE_RELATION;
	rte->alias = alias;

	/*
	 * Get the rel's relcache entry.  This access ensures that we have an
	 * up-to-date relcache entry for the rel.  Since this is typically the
	 * first access to a rel in a statement, be careful to get the right
	 * access level depending on whether we're doing SELECT FOR UPDATE.
	 */
	lockmode = isForUpdate(pstate, refname) ? RowShareLock : AccessShareLock;
	rel = heap_open(relid, lockmode);
	rte->relid = relid;

	eref = (Alias *) copyObject(alias);
	numaliases = length(eref->colnames);

	/*
	 * Since the rel is open anyway, let's check that the number of column
	 * aliases is reasonable. - Thomas 2000-02-04
	 */
	maxattrs = RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(rel);
	if (maxattrs < numaliases)
		elog(ERROR, "Table \"%s\" has %d columns available but %d columns specified",
			 RelationGetRelationName(rel), maxattrs, numaliases);

	/* fill in any unspecified alias columns using actual column names */
	for (varattno = numaliases; varattno < maxattrs; varattno++)
	{
		char	   *attrname;

		attrname = pstrdup(NameStr(rel->rd_att->attrs[varattno]->attname));
		eref->colnames = lappend(eref->colnames, makeString(attrname));
	}
	rte->eref = eref;

	/*
	 * Drop the rel refcount, but keep the access lock till end of
	 * transaction so that the table can't be deleted or have its schema
	 * modified underneath us.
	 */
	heap_close(rel, NoLock);

	/*----------
	 * Flags:
	 * - this RTE should be expanded to include descendant tables,
	 * - this RTE is in the FROM clause,
	 * - this RTE should be checked for read/write access rights.
	 *
	 * The initial default on access checks is always check-for-READ-access,
	 * which is the right thing for all except target tables.
	 *----------
	 */
	rte->inh = inh;
	rte->inFromCl = inFromCl;
	rte->checkForRead = true;
	rte->checkForWrite = false;

	rte->checkAsUser = InvalidOid;		/* not set-uid by default, either */

	/*
	 * Add completed RTE to pstate's range table list, but not to join
	 * list nor namespace --- caller must do that if appropriate.
	 */
	if (pstate != NULL)
		pstate->p_rtable = lappend(pstate->p_rtable, rte);

	return rte;
}

/*
 * Add an entry for a subquery to the pstate's range table (p_rtable).
 *
 * This is just like addRangeTableEntry() except that it makes a subquery RTE.
 * Note that an alias clause *must* be supplied.
 */
RangeTblEntry *
addRangeTableEntryForSubquery(ParseState *pstate,
							  Query *subquery,
							  Alias *alias,
							  bool inFromCl)
{
	RangeTblEntry *rte = makeNode(RangeTblEntry);
	char	   *refname = alias->aliasname;
	Alias	   *eref;
	int			numaliases;
	int			varattno;
	List	   *tlistitem;

	rte->rtekind = RTE_SUBQUERY;
	rte->relid = InvalidOid;
	rte->subquery = subquery;
	rte->alias = alias;

	eref = copyObject(alias);
	numaliases = length(eref->colnames);

	/* fill in any unspecified alias columns */
	varattno = 0;
	foreach(tlistitem, subquery->targetList)
	{
		TargetEntry *te = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(tlistitem);

		if (te->resdom->resjunk)
			continue;
		varattno++;
		Assert(varattno == te->resdom->resno);
		if (varattno > numaliases)
		{
			char	   *attrname;

			attrname = pstrdup(te->resdom->resname);
			eref->colnames = lappend(eref->colnames, makeString(attrname));
		}
	}
	if (varattno < numaliases)
		elog(ERROR, "Table \"%s\" has %d columns available but %d columns specified",
			 refname, varattno, numaliases);

	rte->eref = eref;

	/*----------
	 * Flags:
	 * - this RTE should be expanded to include descendant tables,
	 * - this RTE is in the FROM clause,
	 * - this RTE should be checked for read/write access rights.
	 *
	 * Subqueries are never checked for access rights.
	 *----------
	 */
	rte->inh = false;			/* never true for subqueries */
	rte->inFromCl = inFromCl;
	rte->checkForRead = false;
	rte->checkForWrite = false;

	rte->checkAsUser = InvalidOid;

	/*
	 * Add completed RTE to pstate's range table list, but not to join
	 * list nor namespace --- caller must do that if appropriate.
	 */
	if (pstate != NULL)
		pstate->p_rtable = lappend(pstate->p_rtable, rte);

	return rte;
}

/*
 * Add an entry for a function to the pstate's range table (p_rtable).
 *
 * This is just like addRangeTableEntry() except that it makes a function RTE.
 */
RangeTblEntry *
addRangeTableEntryForFunction(ParseState *pstate,
							  char *funcname,
							  Node *funcexpr,
							  RangeFunction *rangefunc,
							  bool inFromCl)
{
	RangeTblEntry *rte = makeNode(RangeTblEntry);
	Oid			funcrettype = exprType(funcexpr);
	char		functyptype;
	Alias	   *alias = rangefunc->alias;
	List	   *coldeflist = rangefunc->coldeflist;
	Alias	   *eref;
	int			numaliases;
	int			varattno;

	rte->rtekind = RTE_FUNCTION;
	rte->relid = InvalidOid;
	rte->subquery = NULL;
	rte->funcexpr = funcexpr;
	rte->coldeflist = coldeflist;
	rte->alias = alias;

	eref = alias ? (Alias *) copyObject(alias) : makeAlias(funcname, NIL);
	rte->eref = eref;

	numaliases = length(eref->colnames);

	/*
	 * Now determine if the function returns a simple or composite type,
	 * and check/add column aliases.
	 */
	functyptype = get_typtype(funcrettype);

	if (functyptype == 'c')
	{
		/*
		 * Named composite data type, i.e. a table's row type
		 */
		Oid			funcrelid = typeidTypeRelid(funcrettype);

		if (OidIsValid(funcrelid))
		{
			/*
			 * Get the rel's relcache entry.  This access ensures that we have an
			 * up-to-date relcache entry for the rel.
			 */
			Relation	rel;
			int			maxattrs;

			rel = heap_open(funcrelid, AccessShareLock);

			/*
			 * Since the rel is open anyway, let's check that the number of column
			 * aliases is reasonable.
			 */
			maxattrs = RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(rel);
			if (maxattrs < numaliases)
				elog(ERROR, "Table \"%s\" has %d columns available but %d columns specified",
					 RelationGetRelationName(rel), maxattrs, numaliases);

			/* fill in alias columns using actual column names */
			for (varattno = numaliases; varattno < maxattrs; varattno++)
			{
				char	   *attrname;

				attrname = pstrdup(NameStr(rel->rd_att->attrs[varattno]->attname));
				eref->colnames = lappend(eref->colnames, makeString(attrname));
			}

			/*
			 * Drop the rel refcount, but keep the access lock till end of
			 * transaction so that the table can't be deleted or have its schema
			 * modified underneath us.
			 */
			heap_close(rel, NoLock);
		}
		else
			elog(ERROR, "Invalid return relation specified for function %s",
				 funcname);
	}
	else if (functyptype == 'b' || functyptype == 'd')
	{
		/*
		 * Must be a base data type, i.e. scalar.
		 * Just add one alias column named for the function.
		 */
		if (numaliases > 1)
			elog(ERROR, "Too many column aliases specified for function %s",
				 funcname);
		if (numaliases == 0)
			eref->colnames = makeList1(makeString(funcname));
	}
	else if (functyptype == 'p' && funcrettype == RECORDOID)
	{
		List	   *col;

		foreach(col, coldeflist)
		{
			char	   *attrname;
			ColumnDef  *n = lfirst(col);

			attrname = pstrdup(n->colname);
			eref->colnames = lappend(eref->colnames, makeString(attrname));
		}
	}
	else
		elog(ERROR, "Unknown kind of return type specified for function %s",
			 funcname);

	/*----------
	 * Flags:
	 * - this RTE should be expanded to include descendant tables,
	 * - this RTE is in the FROM clause,
	 * - this RTE should be checked for read/write access rights.
	 *----------
	 */
	rte->inh = false;			/* never true for functions */
	rte->inFromCl = inFromCl;
	rte->checkForRead = true;
	rte->checkForWrite = false;

	rte->checkAsUser = InvalidOid;

	/*
	 * Add completed RTE to pstate's range table list, but not to join
	 * list nor namespace --- caller must do that if appropriate.
	 */
	if (pstate != NULL)
		pstate->p_rtable = lappend(pstate->p_rtable, rte);

	return rte;
}

/*
 * Add an entry for a join to the pstate's range table (p_rtable).
 *
 * This is much like addRangeTableEntry() except that it makes a join RTE.
 */
RangeTblEntry *
addRangeTableEntryForJoin(ParseState *pstate,
						  List *colnames,
						  JoinType jointype,
						  List *aliasvars,
						  Alias *alias,
						  bool inFromCl)
{
	RangeTblEntry *rte = makeNode(RangeTblEntry);
	Alias	   *eref;
	int			numaliases;

	rte->rtekind = RTE_JOIN;
	rte->relid = InvalidOid;
	rte->subquery = NULL;
	rte->jointype = jointype;
	rte->joinaliasvars = aliasvars;
	rte->alias = alias;

	eref = alias ? (Alias *) copyObject(alias) : makeAlias("unnamed_join", NIL);
	numaliases = length(eref->colnames);

	/* fill in any unspecified alias columns */
	if (numaliases < length(colnames))
	{
		while (numaliases-- > 0)
			colnames = lnext(colnames);
		eref->colnames = nconc(eref->colnames, colnames);
	}

	rte->eref = eref;

	/*----------
	 * Flags:
	 * - this RTE should be expanded to include descendant tables,
	 * - this RTE is in the FROM clause,
	 * - this RTE should be checked for read/write access rights.
	 *
	 * Joins are never checked for access rights.
	 *----------
	 */
	rte->inh = false;			/* never true for joins */
	rte->inFromCl = inFromCl;
	rte->checkForRead = false;
	rte->checkForWrite = false;

	rte->checkAsUser = InvalidOid;

	/*
	 * Add completed RTE to pstate's range table list, but not to join
	 * list nor namespace --- caller must do that if appropriate.
	 */
	if (pstate != NULL)
		pstate->p_rtable = lappend(pstate->p_rtable, rte);

	return rte;
}

/*
 * Has the specified refname been selected FOR UPDATE?
 */
static bool
isForUpdate(ParseState *pstate, char *refname)
{
	/* Outer loop to check parent query levels as well as this one */
	while (pstate != NULL)
	{
		if (pstate->p_forUpdate != NIL)
		{
			if (lfirst(pstate->p_forUpdate) == NULL)
			{
				/* all tables used in query */
				return true;
			}
			else
			{
				/* just the named tables */
				List	   *l;

				foreach(l, pstate->p_forUpdate)
				{
					char	   *rname = strVal(lfirst(l));

					if (strcmp(refname, rname) == 0)
						return true;
				}
			}
		}
		pstate = pstate->parentParseState;
	}
	return false;
}

/*
 * Add the given RTE as a top-level entry in the pstate's join list
 * and/or name space list.	(We assume caller has checked for any
 * namespace conflict.)
 */
void
addRTEtoQuery(ParseState *pstate, RangeTblEntry *rte,
			  bool addToJoinList, bool addToNameSpace)
{
	int			rtindex = RTERangeTablePosn(pstate, rte, NULL);
	RangeTblRef *rtr = makeNode(RangeTblRef);

	rtr->rtindex = rtindex;

	if (addToJoinList)
		pstate->p_joinlist = lappend(pstate->p_joinlist, rtr);
	if (addToNameSpace)
		pstate->p_namespace = lappend(pstate->p_namespace, rtr);
}

/*
 * Add a POSTQUEL-style implicit RTE.
 *
 * We assume caller has already checked that there is no RTE or join with
 * a conflicting name.
 */
RangeTblEntry *
addImplicitRTE(ParseState *pstate, RangeVar *relation)
{
	RangeTblEntry *rte;

	rte = addRangeTableEntry(pstate, relation, NULL, false, false);
	addRTEtoQuery(pstate, rte, true, true);
	warnAutoRange(pstate, relation);

	return rte;
}

/* expandRTE()
 *
 * Given a rangetable entry, create lists of its column names (aliases if
 * provided, else real names) and Vars for each column.  Only user columns
 * are considered, since this is primarily used to expand '*' and determine
 * the contents of JOIN tables.
 *
 * If only one of the two kinds of output list is needed, pass NULL for the
 * output pointer for the unwanted one.
 */
void
expandRTE(ParseState *pstate, RangeTblEntry *rte,
		  List **colnames, List **colvars)
{
	int			rtindex,
				sublevels_up,
				varattno;

	if (colnames)
		*colnames = NIL;
	if (colvars)
		*colvars = NIL;

	/* Need the RT index of the entry for creating Vars */
	rtindex = RTERangeTablePosn(pstate, rte, &sublevels_up);

	switch (rte->rtekind)
	{
		case RTE_RELATION:
			{
				/* Ordinary relation RTE */
				Relation	rel;
				int			maxattrs;
				int			numaliases;

				rel = heap_open(rte->relid, AccessShareLock);
				maxattrs = RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(rel);
				numaliases = length(rte->eref->colnames);

				for (varattno = 0; varattno < maxattrs; varattno++)
				{
					Form_pg_attribute attr = rel->rd_att->attrs[varattno];

					if (attr->attisdropped)
						continue;

					if (colnames)
					{
						char	   *label;

						if (varattno < numaliases)
							label = strVal(nth(varattno, rte->eref->colnames));
						else
							label = NameStr(attr->attname);
						*colnames = lappend(*colnames, makeString(pstrdup(label)));
					}

					if (colvars)
					{
						Var		   *varnode;

						varnode = makeVar(rtindex, attr->attnum,
										  attr->atttypid, attr->atttypmod,
										  sublevels_up);

						*colvars = lappend(*colvars, varnode);
					}
				}

				heap_close(rel, AccessShareLock);
			}
			break;
		case RTE_SUBQUERY:
			{
				/* Subquery RTE */
				List	   *aliasp = rte->eref->colnames;
				List	   *tlistitem;

				varattno = 0;
				foreach(tlistitem, rte->subquery->targetList)
				{
					TargetEntry *te = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(tlistitem);

					if (te->resdom->resjunk)
						continue;
					varattno++;
					Assert(varattno == te->resdom->resno);

					if (colnames)
					{
						/* Assume there is one alias per target item */
						char	   *label = strVal(lfirst(aliasp));

						*colnames = lappend(*colnames, makeString(pstrdup(label)));
						aliasp = lnext(aliasp);
					}

					if (colvars)
					{
						Var		   *varnode;

						varnode = makeVar(rtindex, varattno,
										  te->resdom->restype,
										  te->resdom->restypmod,
										  sublevels_up);

						*colvars = lappend(*colvars, varnode);
					}
				}
			}
			break;
		case RTE_FUNCTION:
			{
				/* Function RTE */
				Oid	funcrettype = exprType(rte->funcexpr);
				char functyptype = get_typtype(funcrettype);
				List *coldeflist = rte->coldeflist;

				/*
				 * Build a suitable tupledesc representing the output rows
				 */
				if (functyptype == 'c')
				{
					Oid	funcrelid = typeidTypeRelid(funcrettype);
					if (OidIsValid(funcrelid))
					{
						/*
						 * Composite data type, i.e. a table's row type
						 * Same as ordinary relation RTE
						 */
						Relation	rel;
						int			maxattrs;
						int			numaliases;

						rel = heap_open(funcrelid, AccessShareLock);
						maxattrs = RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(rel);
						numaliases = length(rte->eref->colnames);

						for (varattno = 0; varattno < maxattrs; varattno++)
						{
							Form_pg_attribute attr = rel->rd_att->attrs[varattno];

							if (attr->attisdropped)
								continue;

							if (colnames)
							{
								char	   *label;

								if (varattno < numaliases)
									label = strVal(nth(varattno, rte->eref->colnames));
								else
									label = NameStr(attr->attname);
								*colnames = lappend(*colnames, makeString(pstrdup(label)));
							}

							if (colvars)
							{
								Var		   *varnode;

								varnode = makeVar(rtindex,
												attr->attnum,
												attr->atttypid,
												attr->atttypmod,
												sublevels_up);

								*colvars = lappend(*colvars, varnode);
							}
						}

						heap_close(rel, AccessShareLock);
					}
					else
						elog(ERROR, "Invalid return relation specified"
									" for function");
				}
				else if (functyptype == 'b' || functyptype == 'd')
				{
					/*
					 * Must be a base data type, i.e. scalar
					 */
					if (colnames)
						*colnames = lappend(*colnames,
											lfirst(rte->eref->colnames));

					if (colvars)
					{
						Var		   *varnode;

						varnode = makeVar(rtindex, 1,
										  funcrettype, -1,
										  sublevels_up);

						*colvars = lappend(*colvars, varnode);
					}
				}
				else if (functyptype == 'p' && funcrettype == RECORDOID)
				{
					List	   *col;
					int			attnum = 0;

					foreach(col, coldeflist)
					{
						ColumnDef  *colDef = lfirst(col);

						attnum++;
						if (colnames)
						{
							char	   *attrname;

							attrname = pstrdup(colDef->colname);
							*colnames = lappend(*colnames, makeString(attrname));
						}

						if (colvars)
						{
							Var		   *varnode;
							HeapTuple	typeTuple;
							Oid			atttypid;

							typeTuple = typenameType(colDef->typename);
							atttypid = HeapTupleGetOid(typeTuple);
							ReleaseSysCache(typeTuple);

							varnode = makeVar(rtindex,
											attnum,
											atttypid,
											-1,
											sublevels_up);

							*colvars = lappend(*colvars, varnode);
						}
					}
				}
				else
					elog(ERROR, "Unknown kind of return type specified"
								" for function");
			}
			break;
		case RTE_JOIN:
			{
				/* Join RTE */
				List	   *aliasp = rte->eref->colnames;
				List	   *aliasvars = rte->joinaliasvars;

				varattno = 0;
				while (aliasp)
				{
					Assert(aliasvars);
					varattno++;

					if (colnames)
					{
						char	   *label = strVal(lfirst(aliasp));

						*colnames = lappend(*colnames, makeString(pstrdup(label)));
					}

					if (colvars)
					{
						Node	   *aliasvar = (Node *) lfirst(aliasvars);
						Var		   *varnode;

						varnode = makeVar(rtindex, varattno,
										  exprType(aliasvar),
										  exprTypmod(aliasvar),
										  sublevels_up);

						*colvars = lappend(*colvars, varnode);
					}

					aliasp = lnext(aliasp);
					aliasvars = lnext(aliasvars);
				}
				Assert(aliasvars == NIL);
			}
			break;
		default:
			elog(ERROR, "expandRTE: unsupported RTE kind %d",
				 (int) rte->rtekind);
	}
}

/*
 * expandRelAttrs -
 *	  Workhorse for "*" expansion: produce a list of targetentries
 *	  for the attributes of the rte
 */
List *
expandRelAttrs(ParseState *pstate, RangeTblEntry *rte)
{
	List	   *names,
			   *vars;
	List	   *te_list = NIL;

	expandRTE(pstate, rte, &names, &vars);

	while (names)
	{
		char	   *label = strVal(lfirst(names));
		Node	   *varnode = (Node *) lfirst(vars);
		TargetEntry *te = makeNode(TargetEntry);

		te->resdom = makeResdom((AttrNumber) (pstate->p_last_resno)++,
								exprType(varnode),
								exprTypmod(varnode),
								label,
								false);
		te->expr = varnode;
		te_list = lappend(te_list, te);

		names = lnext(names);
		vars = lnext(vars);
	}

	Assert(vars == NIL);		/* lists not same length? */

	return te_list;
}

/*
 * get_rte_attribute_name
 *		Get an attribute name from a RangeTblEntry
 *
 * This is unlike get_attname() because we use aliases if available.
 * In particular, it will work on an RTE for a subselect or join, whereas
 * get_attname() only works on real relations.
 *
 * "*" is returned if the given attnum is InvalidAttrNumber --- this case
 * occurs when a Var represents a whole tuple of a relation.
 */
char *
get_rte_attribute_name(RangeTblEntry *rte, AttrNumber attnum)
{
	char	   *attname;

	if (attnum == InvalidAttrNumber)
		return "*";

	/*
	 * If there is an alias, use it.  (This path should always be taken
	 * for non-relation RTEs.)
	 */
	if (attnum > 0 && attnum <= length(rte->eref->colnames))
		return strVal(nth(attnum - 1, rte->eref->colnames));

	/*
	 * Can get here for a system attribute (which never has an alias), or
	 * if alias name list is too short (which probably can't happen
	 * anymore).  Neither of these cases is valid for a non-relation RTE.
	 */
	if (rte->rtekind != RTE_RELATION)
		elog(ERROR, "Invalid attnum %d for rangetable entry %s",
			 attnum, rte->eref->aliasname);

	/*
	 * Use the real name of the table's column
	 */
	attname = get_attname(rte->relid, attnum);
	if (attname == NULL)
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup of attribute %d in relation %u failed",
			 attnum, rte->relid);
	return attname;
}

/*
 * get_rte_attribute_type
 *		Get attribute type information from a RangeTblEntry
 */
void
get_rte_attribute_type(RangeTblEntry *rte, AttrNumber attnum,
					   Oid *vartype, int32 *vartypmod)
{
	switch (rte->rtekind)
	{
		case RTE_RELATION:
			{
				/* Plain relation RTE --- get the attribute's type info */
				HeapTuple	tp;
				Form_pg_attribute att_tup;

				tp = SearchSysCache(ATTNUM,
									ObjectIdGetDatum(rte->relid),
									Int16GetDatum(attnum),
									0, 0);
				/* this shouldn't happen... */
				if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
					elog(ERROR, "Relation \"%s\" does not have attribute %d",
						 get_rel_name(rte->relid), attnum);
				att_tup = (Form_pg_attribute) GETSTRUCT(tp);
				/*
				 * If dropped column, pretend it ain't there.  See notes
				 * in scanRTEForColumn.
				 */
				if (att_tup->attisdropped)
					elog(ERROR, "Relation \"%s\" has no column \"%s\"",
						 get_rel_name(rte->relid), NameStr(att_tup->attname));
				*vartype = att_tup->atttypid;
				*vartypmod = att_tup->atttypmod;
				ReleaseSysCache(tp);
			}
			break;
		case RTE_SUBQUERY:
			{
				/* Subselect RTE --- get type info from subselect's tlist */
				List	   *tlistitem;

				foreach(tlistitem, rte->subquery->targetList)
				{
					TargetEntry *te = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(tlistitem);

					if (te->resdom->resjunk || te->resdom->resno != attnum)
						continue;
					*vartype = te->resdom->restype;
					*vartypmod = te->resdom->restypmod;
					return;
				}
				/* falling off end of list shouldn't happen... */
				elog(ERROR, "Subquery %s does not have attribute %d",
					 rte->eref->aliasname, attnum);
			}
			break;
		case RTE_FUNCTION:
			{
				/* Function RTE */
				Oid funcrettype = exprType(rte->funcexpr);
				char functyptype = get_typtype(funcrettype);
				List *coldeflist = rte->coldeflist;

				/*
				 * Build a suitable tupledesc representing the output rows
				 */
				if (functyptype == 'c')
				{
					/*
					 * Composite data type, i.e. a table's row type
					 * Same as ordinary relation RTE
					 */
					Oid funcrelid = typeidTypeRelid(funcrettype);

					if (OidIsValid(funcrelid))
					{
						HeapTuple			tp;
						Form_pg_attribute	att_tup;

						tp = SearchSysCache(ATTNUM,
											ObjectIdGetDatum(funcrelid),
											Int16GetDatum(attnum),
											0, 0);
						/* this shouldn't happen... */
						if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
							elog(ERROR, "Relation %s does not have attribute %d",
								 get_rel_name(funcrelid), attnum);
						att_tup = (Form_pg_attribute) GETSTRUCT(tp);
						/*
						 * If dropped column, pretend it ain't there.  See notes
						 * in scanRTEForColumn.
						 */
						if (att_tup->attisdropped)
							elog(ERROR, "Relation \"%s\" has no column \"%s\"",
								 get_rel_name(funcrelid),
								 NameStr(att_tup->attname));
						*vartype = att_tup->atttypid;
						*vartypmod = att_tup->atttypmod;
						ReleaseSysCache(tp);
					}
					else
						elog(ERROR, "Invalid return relation specified"
									" for function");
				}
				else if (functyptype == 'b' || functyptype == 'd')
				{
					/*
					 * Must be a base data type, i.e. scalar
					 */
					*vartype = funcrettype;
					*vartypmod = -1;
				}
				else if (functyptype == 'p' && funcrettype == RECORDOID)
				{
					ColumnDef  *colDef = nth(attnum - 1, coldeflist);
					HeapTuple	typeTuple;
					Oid			atttypid;

					typeTuple = typenameType(colDef->typename);
					atttypid = HeapTupleGetOid(typeTuple);
					ReleaseSysCache(typeTuple);

					*vartype = atttypid;
					*vartypmod = -1;
				}
				else
					elog(ERROR, "Unknown kind of return type specified"
								" for function");
			}
			break;
		case RTE_JOIN:
			{
				/* Join RTE --- get type info from join RTE's alias variable */
				Node   *aliasvar;

				Assert(attnum > 0 && attnum <= length(rte->joinaliasvars));
				aliasvar = (Node *) nth(attnum-1, rte->joinaliasvars);
				*vartype = exprType(aliasvar);
				*vartypmod = exprTypmod(aliasvar);
			}
			break;
		default:
			elog(ERROR, "get_rte_attribute_type: unsupported RTE kind %d",
				 (int) rte->rtekind);
	}
}

/*
 * get_rte_attribute_is_dropped
 *		Check whether attempted attribute ref is to a dropped column
 */
static bool
get_rte_attribute_is_dropped(RangeTblEntry *rte, AttrNumber attnum)
{
	bool result;

	switch (rte->rtekind)
	{
		case RTE_RELATION:
			{
				/* Plain relation RTE --- get the attribute's type info */
				HeapTuple	tp;
				Form_pg_attribute att_tup;

				tp = SearchSysCache(ATTNUM,
									ObjectIdGetDatum(rte->relid),
									Int16GetDatum(attnum),
									0, 0);
				/* this shouldn't happen... */
				if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
					elog(ERROR, "Relation \"%s\" does not have attribute %d",
						 get_rel_name(rte->relid), attnum);
				att_tup = (Form_pg_attribute) GETSTRUCT(tp);
				result = att_tup->attisdropped;
				ReleaseSysCache(tp);
			}
			break;
		case RTE_SUBQUERY:
		case RTE_JOIN:
			/* Subselect and join RTEs never have dropped columns */
			result = false;
			break;
		case RTE_FUNCTION:
			{
				/* Function RTE */
				Oid			funcrettype = exprType(rte->funcexpr);
				Oid			funcrelid = typeidTypeRelid(funcrettype);

				if (OidIsValid(funcrelid))
				{
					/*
					 * Composite data type, i.e. a table's row type
					 * Same as ordinary relation RTE
					 */
					HeapTuple			tp;
					Form_pg_attribute	att_tup;

					tp = SearchSysCache(ATTNUM,
										ObjectIdGetDatum(funcrelid),
										Int16GetDatum(attnum),
										0, 0);
					/* this shouldn't happen... */
					if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
						elog(ERROR, "Relation %s does not have attribute %d",
							 get_rel_name(funcrelid), attnum);
					att_tup = (Form_pg_attribute) GETSTRUCT(tp);
					result = att_tup->attisdropped;
					ReleaseSysCache(tp);
				}
				else
				{
					/*
					 * Must be a base data type, i.e. scalar
					 */
					result = false;
				}
			}
			break;
		default:
			elog(ERROR, "get_rte_attribute_is_dropped: unsupported RTE kind %d",
				 (int) rte->rtekind);
			result = false;		/* keep compiler quiet */
	}

	return result;
}

/*
 *	given relation and att name, return id of variable
 *
 *	This should only be used if the relation is already
 *	heap_open()'ed.  Use the cache version get_attnum()
 *	for access to non-opened relations.
 */
int
attnameAttNum(Relation rd, const char *attname, bool sysColOK)
{
	int			i;

	for (i = 0; i < rd->rd_rel->relnatts; i++)
	{
		Form_pg_attribute	att = rd->rd_att->attrs[i];

		if (namestrcmp(&(att->attname), attname) == 0 && !att->attisdropped)
			return i + 1;
	}

	if (sysColOK)
	{
		if ((i = specialAttNum(attname)) != InvalidAttrNumber)
		{
			if (i != ObjectIdAttributeNumber || rd->rd_rel->relhasoids)
				return i;
		}
	}

	/* on failure */
	elog(ERROR, "Relation \"%s\" has no column \"%s\"",
		 RelationGetRelationName(rd), attname);
	return InvalidAttrNumber;	/* lint */
}

/* specialAttNum()
 *
 * Check attribute name to see if it is "special", e.g. "oid".
 * - thomas 2000-02-07
 *
 * Note: this only discovers whether the name could be a system attribute.
 * Caller needs to verify that it really is an attribute of the rel,
 * at least in the case of "oid", which is now optional.
 */
static int
specialAttNum(const char *attname)
{
	Form_pg_attribute sysatt;

	sysatt = SystemAttributeByName(attname,
								   true /* "oid" will be accepted */ );
	if (sysatt != NULL)
		return sysatt->attnum;
	return InvalidAttrNumber;
}


/*
 * given attribute id, return name of that attribute
 *
 *	This should only be used if the relation is already
 *	heap_open()'ed.  Use the cache version get_atttype()
 *	for access to non-opened relations.
 */
Name
attnumAttName(Relation rd, int attid)
{
	if (attid <= 0)
	{
		Form_pg_attribute sysatt;

		sysatt = SystemAttributeDefinition(attid, rd->rd_rel->relhasoids);
		return &sysatt->attname;
	}
	if (attid > rd->rd_att->natts)
		elog(ERROR, "attnumAttName: invalid attribute number %d", attid);
	return &rd->rd_att->attrs[attid - 1]->attname;
}

/*
 * given attribute id, return type of that attribute
 *
 *	This should only be used if the relation is already
 *	heap_open()'ed.  Use the cache version get_atttype()
 *	for access to non-opened relations.
 */
Oid
attnumTypeId(Relation rd, int attid)
{
	if (attid <= 0)
	{
		Form_pg_attribute sysatt;

		sysatt = SystemAttributeDefinition(attid, rd->rd_rel->relhasoids);
		return sysatt->atttypid;
	}
	if (attid > rd->rd_att->natts)
		elog(ERROR, "attnumTypeId: invalid attribute number %d", attid);
	return rd->rd_att->attrs[attid - 1]->atttypid;
}

/*
 * Generate a warning about an implicit RTE, if appropriate.
 *
 * Our current theory on this is that we should allow "SELECT foo.*"
 * but warn about a mixture of explicit and implicit RTEs.
 */
static void
warnAutoRange(ParseState *pstate, RangeVar *relation)
{
	bool		foundInFromCl = false;
	List	   *temp;

	foreach(temp, pstate->p_rtable)
	{
		RangeTblEntry *rte = lfirst(temp);

		if (rte->inFromCl)
		{
			foundInFromCl = true;
			break;
		}
	}
	if (foundInFromCl)
		elog(NOTICE, "Adding missing FROM-clause entry%s for table \"%s\"",
			 pstate->parentParseState != NULL ? " in subquery" : "",
			 relation->relname);
}