1999-07-22 17:09:15 +02:00
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<!--
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2010-09-20 22:08:53 +02:00
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doc/src/sgml/ref/createdb.sgml
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2001-12-08 04:24:40 +01:00
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PostgreSQL documentation
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1999-07-22 17:09:15 +02:00
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-->
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2017-10-20 03:16:39 +02:00
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<refentry id="app-createdb">
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2014-02-24 03:25:35 +01:00
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<indexterm zone="app-createdb">
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<primary>createdb</primary>
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</indexterm>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<refmeta>
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2010-04-03 09:23:02 +02:00
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<refentrytitle><application>createdb</application></refentrytitle>
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2000-11-12 00:01:45 +01:00
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<refmiscinfo>Application</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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2000-11-12 00:01:45 +01:00
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<refnamediv>
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2000-11-12 00:01:45 +01:00
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<refname>createdb</refname>
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2001-09-03 14:57:50 +02:00
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<refpurpose>create a new <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database</refpurpose>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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</refnamediv>
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2000-11-12 00:01:45 +01:00
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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2000-11-12 00:01:45 +01:00
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>createdb</command>
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2010-02-19 04:50:03 +01:00
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<arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>connection-option</replaceable></arg>
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2003-03-24 15:32:51 +01:00
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<arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>option</replaceable></arg>
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2012-05-03 21:50:04 +02:00
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<arg choice="opt"><replaceable>dbname</replaceable>
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<arg choice="opt"><replaceable>description</replaceable></arg></arg>
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2000-11-12 00:01:45 +01:00
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</cmdsynopsis>
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2002-07-28 17:22:21 +02:00
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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1998-10-05 04:54:45 +02:00
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2002-07-28 17:22:21 +02:00
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2017-10-20 03:16:39 +02:00
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<refsect1 id="r1-app-createdb-1">
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2002-07-28 17:22:21 +02:00
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<title>
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Description
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</title>
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<para>
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<application>createdb</application> creates a new <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
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database.
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</para>
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<para>
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Normally, the database user who executes this command becomes the owner of
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the new database.
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2010-02-19 04:50:03 +01:00
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However, a different owner can be specified via the <option>-O</option>
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2002-07-28 17:22:21 +02:00
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option, if the executing user has appropriate privileges.
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</para>
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<para>
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2003-03-18 23:19:47 +01:00
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<application>createdb</application> is a wrapper around the
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2017-11-23 15:39:47 +01:00
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<acronym>SQL</acronym> command <xref linkend="sql-createdatabase"/>.
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2003-09-12 02:12:47 +02:00
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There is no effective difference between creating databases via
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this utility and via other methods for accessing the server.
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2002-07-28 17:22:21 +02:00
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</para>
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2003-09-12 02:12:47 +02:00
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2002-07-28 17:22:21 +02:00
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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2002-10-12 01:03:48 +02:00
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<para>
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<application>createdb</application> accepts the following command-line arguments:
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1999-12-04 05:53:22 +01:00
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2002-10-12 01:03:48 +02:00
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<variablelist>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable></term>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
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2004-06-18 23:47:24 +02:00
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Specifies the name of the database to be created. The name must be
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unique among all <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> databases in this cluster.
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2002-10-12 01:03:48 +02:00
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The default is to create a database with the same name as the
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current system user.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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2002-10-12 01:03:48 +02:00
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<term><replaceable class="parameter">description</replaceable></term>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
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2004-06-18 23:47:24 +02:00
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Specifies a comment to be associated with the newly created
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database.
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
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<term><option>-D <replaceable class="parameter">tablespace</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--tablespace=<replaceable class="parameter">tablespace</replaceable></option></term>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
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2011-09-10 22:39:02 +02:00
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Specifies the default tablespace for the database. (This name
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is processed as a double-quoted identifier.)
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
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<term><option>-e</option></term>
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<term><option>--echo</option></term>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
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2003-03-24 15:32:51 +01:00
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Echo the commands that <application>createdb</application> generates
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2004-06-18 23:47:24 +02:00
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and sends to the server.
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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2011-05-10 21:37:22 +02:00
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<varlistentry>
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2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
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<term><option>-E <replaceable class="parameter">encoding</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--encoding=<replaceable class="parameter">encoding</replaceable></option></term>
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2011-05-10 21:37:22 +02:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies the character encoding scheme to be used in this
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database. The character sets supported by the
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server are described in
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2017-11-23 15:39:47 +01:00
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<xref linkend="multibyte-charset-supported"/>.
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2011-05-10 21:37:22 +02:00
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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2008-11-10 17:25:41 +01:00
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<varlistentry>
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2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
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<term><option>-l <replaceable class="parameter">locale</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--locale=<replaceable class="parameter">locale</replaceable></option></term>
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2008-11-10 17:25:41 +01:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies the locale to be used in this database. This is equivalent
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to specifying both <option>--lc-collate</option> and <option>--lc-ctype</option>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
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<term><option>--lc-collate=<replaceable class="parameter">locale</replaceable></option></term>
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2008-11-10 17:25:41 +01:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies the LC_COLLATE setting to be used in this database.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
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<term><option>--lc-ctype=<replaceable class="parameter">locale</replaceable></option></term>
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2008-11-10 17:25:41 +01:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies the LC_CTYPE setting to be used in this database.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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2002-02-25 00:27:58 +01:00
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<varlistentry>
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2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
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<term><option>-O <replaceable class="parameter">owner</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--owner=<replaceable class="parameter">owner</replaceable></option></term>
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2002-02-25 00:27:58 +01:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
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2004-06-18 23:47:24 +02:00
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Specifies the database user who will own the new database.
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2011-09-10 22:39:02 +02:00
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(This name is processed as a double-quoted identifier.)
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2002-02-25 00:27:58 +01:00
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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2001-02-18 18:53:55 +01:00
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<varlistentry>
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2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
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<term><option>-T <replaceable class="parameter">template</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--template=<replaceable class="parameter">template</replaceable></option></term>
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2001-02-18 18:53:55 +01:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
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2011-09-10 22:39:02 +02:00
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Specifies the template database from which to build this
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database. (This name is processed as a double-quoted identifier.)
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2001-02-18 18:53:55 +01:00
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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2010-02-19 15:36:45 +01:00
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<varlistentry>
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2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
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<term><option>-V</option></term>
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<term><option>--version</option></term>
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2010-02-19 15:36:45 +01:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Print the <application>createdb</application> version and exit.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
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<term><option>-?</option></term>
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<term><option>--help</option></term>
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2010-02-19 15:36:45 +01:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Show help about <application>createdb</application> command line
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arguments, and exit.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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2002-10-12 01:03:48 +02:00
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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2001-02-18 18:53:55 +01:00
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2002-10-12 01:03:48 +02:00
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<para>
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2010-11-23 21:27:50 +01:00
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The options <option>-D</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>-E</option>,
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2002-10-12 01:03:48 +02:00
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<option>-O</option>, and
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<option>-T</option> correspond to options of the underlying
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2017-11-23 15:39:47 +01:00
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SQL command <xref linkend="sql-createdatabase"/>; see there for more information
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2002-10-12 01:03:48 +02:00
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about them.
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</para>
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<para>
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<application>createdb</application> also accepts the following
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command-line arguments for connection parameters:
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<variablelist>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<varlistentry>
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2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
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<term><option>-h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--host=<replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable></option></term>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
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2010-11-23 21:27:50 +01:00
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Specifies the host name of the machine on which the
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server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used
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2004-06-18 23:47:24 +02:00
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as the directory for the Unix domain socket.
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
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<term><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--port=<replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
|
2010-11-23 21:27:50 +01:00
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Specifies the TCP port or the local Unix domain socket file
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2004-06-18 23:47:24 +02:00
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extension on which the server is listening for connections.
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
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<term><option>-U <replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--username=<replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></option></term>
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
|
2007-12-11 20:57:32 +01:00
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User name to connect as.
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1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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|
|
2009-02-26 17:02:39 +01:00
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|
|
<varlistentry>
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2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
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<term><option>-w</option></term>
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<term><option>--no-password</option></term>
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2009-02-26 17:02:39 +01:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires
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password authentication and a password is not available by
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other means such as a <filename>.pgpass</filename> file, the
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connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in
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batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a
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password.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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|
2002-10-12 01:03:48 +02:00
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|
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<varlistentry>
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2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
|
|
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<term><option>-W</option></term>
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<term><option>--password</option></term>
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2002-10-12 01:03:48 +02:00
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<listitem>
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<para>
|
2007-12-11 20:57:32 +01:00
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|
Force <application>createdb</application> to prompt for a
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2010-11-23 21:27:50 +01:00
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password before connecting to a database.
|
2007-12-11 20:57:32 +01:00
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|
</para>
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<para>
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This option is never essential, since
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<application>createdb</application> will automatically prompt
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for a password if the server demands password authentication.
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However, <application>createdb</application> will waste a
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connection attempt finding out that the server wants a password.
|
2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
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|
|
In some cases it is worth typing <option>-W</option> to avoid the extra
|
2007-12-11 20:57:32 +01:00
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|
|
connection attempt.
|
2002-10-12 01:03:48 +02:00
|
|
|
</para>
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</listitem>
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|
</varlistentry>
|
2011-12-06 14:48:15 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
|
|
|
<term><option>--maintenance-db=<replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable></option></term>
|
2011-12-06 14:48:15 +01:00
|
|
|
<listitem>
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<para>
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|
|
Specifies the name of the database to connect to when creating the
|
|
|
|
new database. If not specified, the <literal>postgres</literal>
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|
|
|
database will be used; if that does not exist (or if it is the name
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|
|
|
of the new database being created), <literal>template1</literal> will
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|
be used.
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|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
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|
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|
</varlistentry>
|
1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
1999-12-04 05:53:22 +01:00
|
|
|
</para>
|
2002-10-12 01:03:48 +02:00
|
|
|
|
2002-07-28 17:22:21 +02:00
|
|
|
</refsect1>
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
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|
|
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<title>Environment</title>
|
1999-12-04 05:53:22 +01:00
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|
2002-07-28 17:22:21 +02:00
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
2002-08-10 18:57:32 +02:00
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term><envar>PGDATABASE</envar></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
If set, the name of the database to create, unless overridden on
|
|
|
|
the command line.
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
2002-07-28 17:22:21 +02:00
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term><envar>PGHOST</envar></term>
|
|
|
|
<term><envar>PGPORT</envar></term>
|
|
|
|
<term><envar>PGUSER</envar></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
Default connection parameters. <envar>PGUSER</envar> also
|
|
|
|
determines the name of the database to create, if it is not
|
2002-08-10 18:57:32 +02:00
|
|
|
specified on the command line or by <envar>PGDATABASE</envar>.
|
2002-07-28 17:22:21 +02:00
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
Unified logging system for command-line programs
This unifies the various ad hoc logging (message printing, error
printing) systems used throughout the command-line programs.
Features:
- Program name is automatically prefixed.
- Message string does not end with newline. This removes a common
source of inconsistencies and omissions.
- Additionally, a final newline is automatically stripped, simplifying
use of PQerrorMessage() etc., another common source of mistakes.
- I converted error message strings to use %m where possible.
- As a result of the above several points, more translatable message
strings can be shared between different components and between
frontends and backend, without gratuitous punctuation or whitespace
differences.
- There is support for setting a "log level". This is not meant to be
user-facing, but can be used internally to implement debug or
verbose modes.
- Lazy argument evaluation, so no significant overhead if logging at
some level is disabled.
- Some color in the messages, similar to gcc and clang. Set
PG_COLOR=auto to try it out. Some colors are predefined, but can be
customized by setting PG_COLORS.
- Common files (common/, fe_utils/, etc.) can handle logging much more
simply by just using one API without worrying too much about the
context of the calling program, requiring callbacks, or having to
pass "progname" around everywhere.
- Some programs called setvbuf() to make sure that stderr is
unbuffered, even on Windows. But not all programs did that. This
is now done centrally.
Soft goals:
- Reduces vertical space use and visual complexity of error reporting
in the source code.
- Encourages more deliberate classification of messages. For example,
in some cases it wasn't clear without analyzing the surrounding code
whether a message was meant as an error or just an info.
- Concepts and terms are vaguely aligned with popular logging
frameworks such as log4j and Python logging.
This is all just about printing stuff out. Nothing affects program
flow (e.g., fatal exits). The uses are just too varied to do that.
Some existing code had wrappers that do some kind of print-and-exit,
and I adapted those.
I tried to keep the output mostly the same, but there is a lot of
historical baggage to unwind and special cases to consider, and I
might not always have succeeded. One significant change is that
pg_rewind used to write all error messages to stdout. That is now
changed to stderr.
Reviewed-by: Donald Dong <xdong@csumb.edu>
Reviewed-by: Arthur Zakirov <a.zakirov@postgrespro.ru>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/6a609b43-4f57-7348-6480-bd022f924310@2ndquadrant.com
2019-04-01 14:24:37 +02:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term><envar>PG_COLOR</envar></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
Specifies whether to use color in diagnostics messages. Possible values
|
|
|
|
are <literal>always</literal>, <literal>auto</literal>,
|
|
|
|
<literal>never</literal>.
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
2002-07-28 17:22:21 +02:00
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
2007-02-20 19:10:59 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
|
|
|
This utility, like most other <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> utilities,
|
|
|
|
also uses the environment variables supported by <application>libpq</application>
|
2017-11-23 15:39:47 +01:00
|
|
|
(see <xref linkend="libpq-envars"/>).
|
2007-02-20 19:10:59 +01:00
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
|
1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
2002-07-28 17:22:21 +02:00
|
|
|
|
2003-09-13 01:04:46 +02:00
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<title>Diagnostics</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
2017-11-23 15:39:47 +01:00
|
|
|
In case of difficulty, see <xref linkend="sql-createdatabase"/>
|
|
|
|
and <xref linkend="app-psql"/> for
|
2003-09-13 01:04:46 +02:00
|
|
|
discussions of potential problems and error messages.
|
|
|
|
The database server must be running at the
|
|
|
|
targeted host. Also, any default connection settings and environment
|
|
|
|
variables used by the <application>libpq</application> front-end
|
|
|
|
library will apply.
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
2002-07-28 17:22:21 +02:00
|
|
|
<title>Examples</title>
|
1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
|
|
|
|
2000-11-12 00:01:45 +01:00
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
To create the database <literal>demo</literal> using the default
|
|
|
|
database server:
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
|
|
<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>createdb demo</userinput>
|
|
|
|
</screen>
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
|
|
|
|
2000-11-12 00:01:45 +01:00
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
To create the database <literal>demo</literal> using the
|
2017-10-09 03:44:17 +02:00
|
|
|
server on host <literal>eden</literal>, port 5000, using the
|
2017-03-21 02:23:56 +01:00
|
|
|
<literal>template0</literal> template database, here is the
|
|
|
|
command-line command and the underlying SQL command:
|
2000-11-12 00:01:45 +01:00
|
|
|
<screen>
|
2017-03-21 02:23:56 +01:00
|
|
|
<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>createdb -p 5000 -h eden -T template0 -e demo</userinput>
|
|
|
|
<computeroutput>CREATE DATABASE demo TEMPLATE template0;</computeroutput>
|
2011-08-07 09:49:45 +02:00
|
|
|
</screen></para>
|
1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
2002-07-28 17:22:21 +02:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<simplelist type="inline">
|
2017-11-23 15:39:47 +01:00
|
|
|
<member><xref linkend="app-dropdb"/></member>
|
|
|
|
<member><xref linkend="sql-createdatabase"/></member>
|
2002-07-28 17:22:21 +02:00
|
|
|
</simplelist>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
1999-07-06 19:16:42 +02:00
|
|
|
</refentry>
|