postgresql/src/backend/catalog/information_schema.sql

/*
 * SQL Information Schema
 * as defined in ISO/IEC 9075-11:2003
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003-2009, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 *
 * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/catalog/information_schema.sql,v 1.48 2009/01/01 17:23:37 momjian Exp $
 */

/*
 * Note: Generally, the definitions in this file should be ordered
 * according to the clause numbers in the SQL standard, which is also the
 * alphabetical order.  In some cases it is convenient or necessary to
 * define one information schema view by using another one; in that case,
 * put the referencing view at the very end and leave a note where it
 * should have been put.
 */


/*
 * 5.1
 * INFORMATION_SCHEMA schema
 */

CREATE SCHEMA information_schema;
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA information_schema TO PUBLIC;
SET search_path TO information_schema, public;


/*
 * A few supporting functions first ...
 */

/* Expand any 1-D array into a set with integers 1..N */
CREATE FUNCTION _pg_expandarray(IN anyarray, OUT x anyelement, OUT n int)
    RETURNS SETOF RECORD
    LANGUAGE sql STRICT IMMUTABLE
    AS 'select $1[s], s - pg_catalog.array_lower($1,1) + 1
        from pg_catalog.generate_series(pg_catalog.array_lower($1,1),
                                        pg_catalog.array_upper($1,1),
                                        1) as g(s)';

CREATE FUNCTION _pg_keyissubset(smallint[], smallint[]) RETURNS boolean
    LANGUAGE sql
    IMMUTABLE
    RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
    AS 'select $1[1] is null or ($1[1] = any ($2) and coalesce(information_schema._pg_keyissubset($1[2:pg_catalog.array_upper($1,1)], $2), true))';

CREATE FUNCTION _pg_keysequal(smallint[], smallint[]) RETURNS boolean
    LANGUAGE sql
    IMMUTABLE
    RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
    AS 'select information_schema._pg_keyissubset($1, $2) and information_schema._pg_keyissubset($2, $1)';

/* Get the OID of the unique index that an FK constraint depends on */
CREATE FUNCTION _pg_underlying_index(oid) RETURNS oid
    LANGUAGE sql STRICT STABLE
    AS $$
SELECT refobjid FROM pg_catalog.pg_depend
  WHERE classid = 'pg_catalog.pg_constraint'::pg_catalog.regclass AND
        objid = $1 AND
        refclassid = 'pg_catalog.pg_class'::pg_catalog.regclass AND
        refobjsubid = 0 AND deptype = 'n'
$$;

/* Given an index's OID and an underlying-table column number, return the
 * column's position in the index (NULL if not there) */
CREATE FUNCTION _pg_index_position(oid, smallint) RETURNS int
    LANGUAGE sql STRICT STABLE
    AS $$
SELECT (ss.a).n FROM
  (SELECT information_schema._pg_expandarray(indkey) AS a
   FROM pg_catalog.pg_index WHERE indexrelid = $1) ss
  WHERE (ss.a).x = $2;
$$;

CREATE FUNCTION _pg_truetypid(pg_attribute, pg_type) RETURNS oid
    LANGUAGE sql
    IMMUTABLE
    RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
    AS
$$SELECT CASE WHEN $2.typtype = 'd' THEN $2.typbasetype ELSE $1.atttypid END$$;

CREATE FUNCTION _pg_truetypmod(pg_attribute, pg_type) RETURNS int4
    LANGUAGE sql
    IMMUTABLE
    RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
    AS
$$SELECT CASE WHEN $2.typtype = 'd' THEN $2.typtypmod ELSE $1.atttypmod END$$;

-- these functions encapsulate knowledge about the encoding of typmod:

CREATE FUNCTION _pg_char_max_length(typid oid, typmod int4) RETURNS integer
    LANGUAGE sql
    IMMUTABLE
    RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
    AS
$$SELECT
  CASE WHEN $2 = -1 /* default typmod */
       THEN null
       WHEN $1 IN (1042, 1043) /* char, varchar */
       THEN $2 - 4
       WHEN $1 IN (1560, 1562) /* bit, varbit */
       THEN $2
       ELSE null
  END$$;

CREATE FUNCTION _pg_char_octet_length(typid oid, typmod int4) RETURNS integer
    LANGUAGE sql
    IMMUTABLE
    RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
    AS
$$SELECT
  CASE WHEN $1 IN (25, 1042, 1043) /* text, char, varchar */
       THEN CAST(2^30 AS integer)
       ELSE null
  END$$;

CREATE FUNCTION _pg_numeric_precision(typid oid, typmod int4) RETURNS integer
    LANGUAGE sql
    IMMUTABLE
    RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
    AS
$$SELECT
  CASE $1
         WHEN 21 /*int2*/ THEN 16
         WHEN 23 /*int4*/ THEN 32
         WHEN 20 /*int8*/ THEN 64
         WHEN 1700 /*numeric*/ THEN
              CASE WHEN $2 = -1
                   THEN null
                   ELSE (($2 - 4) >> 16) & 65535
                   END
         WHEN 700 /*float4*/ THEN 24 /*FLT_MANT_DIG*/
         WHEN 701 /*float8*/ THEN 53 /*DBL_MANT_DIG*/
         ELSE null
  END$$;

CREATE FUNCTION _pg_numeric_precision_radix(typid oid, typmod int4) RETURNS integer
    LANGUAGE sql
    IMMUTABLE
    RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
    AS
$$SELECT
  CASE WHEN $1 IN (21, 23, 20, 700, 701) THEN 2
       WHEN $1 IN (1700) THEN 10
       ELSE null
  END$$;

CREATE FUNCTION _pg_numeric_scale(typid oid, typmod int4) RETURNS integer
    LANGUAGE sql
    IMMUTABLE
    RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
    AS
$$SELECT
  CASE WHEN $1 IN (21, 23, 20) THEN 0
       WHEN $1 IN (1700) THEN
            CASE WHEN $2 = -1
                 THEN null
                 ELSE ($2 - 4) & 65535
                 END
       ELSE null
  END$$;

CREATE FUNCTION _pg_datetime_precision(typid oid, typmod int4) RETURNS integer
    LANGUAGE sql
    IMMUTABLE
    RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
    AS
$$SELECT
  CASE WHEN $2 = -1 /* default typmod */
       THEN null
       WHEN $1 IN (1083, 1114, 1184, 1266) /* time, timestamp, same + tz */
       THEN $2
       WHEN $1 IN (1186) /* interval */
       THEN $2 & 65535
       ELSE null
  END$$;


-- 5.2 INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME view appears later.


/*
 * 5.3
 * CARDINAL_NUMBER domain
 */

CREATE DOMAIN cardinal_number AS integer
    CONSTRAINT cardinal_number_domain_check CHECK (value >= 0);


/*
 * 5.4
 * CHARACTER_DATA domain
 */

CREATE DOMAIN character_data AS character varying;


/*
 * 5.5
 * SQL_IDENTIFIER domain
 */

CREATE DOMAIN sql_identifier AS character varying;


/*
 * 5.2
 * INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME view
 */

CREATE VIEW information_schema_catalog_name AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS catalog_name;

GRANT SELECT ON information_schema_catalog_name TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.6
 * TIME_STAMP domain
 */

CREATE DOMAIN time_stamp AS timestamp(2) with time zone
    DEFAULT current_timestamp(2);


-- 5.7 ADMINISTRABLE_ROLE_AUTHORIZATIONS view appears later.


/*
 * 5.8
 * APPLICABLE_ROLES view
 */

CREATE VIEW applicable_roles AS
    SELECT CAST(a.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantee,
           CAST(b.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS role_name,
           CAST(CASE WHEN m.admin_option THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS character_data) AS is_grantable
    FROM pg_auth_members m
         JOIN pg_authid a ON (m.member = a.oid)
         JOIN pg_authid b ON (m.roleid = b.oid)
    WHERE pg_has_role(a.oid, 'USAGE');

GRANT SELECT ON applicable_roles TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.7
 * ADMINISTRABLE_ROLE_AUTHORIZATIONS view
 */

CREATE VIEW administrable_role_authorizations AS
    SELECT *
    FROM applicable_roles
    WHERE is_grantable = 'YES';

GRANT SELECT ON administrable_role_authorizations TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.9
 * ASSERTIONS view
 */

-- feature not supported


/*
 * 5.10
 * ATTRIBUTES view
 */

CREATE VIEW attributes AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS udt_catalog,
           CAST(nc.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS udt_schema,
           CAST(c.relname AS sql_identifier) AS udt_name,
           CAST(a.attname AS sql_identifier) AS attribute_name,
           CAST(a.attnum AS cardinal_number) AS ordinal_position,
           CAST(pg_get_expr(ad.adbin, ad.adrelid) AS character_data) AS attribute_default,
           CAST(CASE WHEN a.attnotnull OR (t.typtype = 'd' AND t.typnotnull) THEN 'NO' ELSE 'YES' END
             AS character_data)
             AS is_nullable,

           CAST(
             CASE WHEN t.typelem <> 0 AND t.typlen = -1 THEN 'ARRAY'
                  WHEN nt.nspname = 'pg_catalog' THEN format_type(a.atttypid, null)
                  ELSE 'USER-DEFINED' END
             AS character_data)
             AS data_type,

           CAST(
             _pg_char_max_length(_pg_truetypid(a, t), _pg_truetypmod(a, t))
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS character_maximum_length,

           CAST(
             _pg_char_octet_length(_pg_truetypid(a, t), _pg_truetypmod(a, t))
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS character_octet_length,

           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_name,

           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_name,

           CAST(
             _pg_numeric_precision(_pg_truetypid(a, t), _pg_truetypmod(a, t))
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS numeric_precision,

           CAST(
             _pg_numeric_precision_radix(_pg_truetypid(a, t), _pg_truetypmod(a, t))
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS numeric_precision_radix,

           CAST(
             _pg_numeric_scale(_pg_truetypid(a, t), _pg_truetypmod(a, t))
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS numeric_scale,

           CAST(
             _pg_datetime_precision(_pg_truetypid(a, t), _pg_truetypmod(a, t))
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS datetime_precision,

           CAST(null AS character_data) AS interval_type, -- FIXME
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS interval_precision, -- FIXME

           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS attribute_udt_catalog,
           CAST(nt.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS attribute_udt_schema,
           CAST(t.typname AS sql_identifier) AS attribute_udt_name,

           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_name,

           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS maximum_cardinality,
           CAST(a.attnum AS sql_identifier) AS dtd_identifier,
           CAST('NO' AS character_data) AS is_derived_reference_attribute

    FROM (pg_attribute a LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef ad ON attrelid = adrelid AND attnum = adnum),
         pg_class c, pg_namespace nc,
         (pg_type t JOIN pg_namespace nt ON (t.typnamespace = nt.oid))

    WHERE a.attrelid = c.oid
          AND a.atttypid = t.oid
          AND nc.oid = c.relnamespace
          AND a.attnum > 0 AND NOT a.attisdropped
          AND c.relkind in ('c');

GRANT SELECT ON attributes TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.11
 * CHARACTER_SETS view
 */

-- feature not supported


/*
 * 5.12
 * CHECK_CONSTRAINT_ROUTINE_USAGE view
 */

CREATE VIEW check_constraint_routine_usage AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_catalog,
           CAST(nc.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_schema,
           CAST(c.conname AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_name,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS specific_catalog,
           CAST(np.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS specific_schema,
           CAST(p.proname || '_' || CAST(p.oid AS text) AS sql_identifier) AS specific_name
    FROM pg_namespace nc, pg_constraint c, pg_depend d, pg_proc p, pg_namespace np
    WHERE nc.oid = c.connamespace
      AND c.contype = 'c'
      AND c.oid = d.objid
      AND d.classid = 'pg_catalog.pg_constraint'::regclass
      AND d.refobjid = p.oid
      AND d.refclassid = 'pg_catalog.pg_proc'::regclass
      AND p.pronamespace = np.oid
      AND pg_has_role(p.proowner, 'USAGE');

GRANT SELECT ON check_constraint_routine_usage TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.13
 * CHECK_CONSTRAINTS view
 */

CREATE VIEW check_constraints AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_catalog,
           CAST(rs.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_schema,
           CAST(con.conname AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_name,
           CAST(substring(pg_get_constraintdef(con.oid) from 7) AS character_data)
             AS check_clause
    FROM pg_constraint con
           LEFT OUTER JOIN pg_namespace rs ON (rs.oid = con.connamespace)
           LEFT OUTER JOIN pg_class c ON (c.oid = con.conrelid)
           LEFT OUTER JOIN pg_type t ON (t.oid = con.contypid)
    WHERE pg_has_role(coalesce(c.relowner, t.typowner), 'USAGE')
      AND con.contype = 'c'

    UNION
    -- not-null constraints

    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_catalog,
           CAST(n.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_schema,
           CAST(CAST(n.oid AS text) || '_' || CAST(r.oid AS text) || '_' || CAST(a.attnum AS text) || '_not_null' AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_name, -- XXX
           CAST(a.attname || ' IS NOT NULL' AS character_data)
             AS check_clause
    FROM pg_namespace n, pg_class r, pg_attribute a
    WHERE n.oid = r.relnamespace
      AND r.oid = a.attrelid
      AND a.attnum > 0
      AND NOT a.attisdropped
      AND a.attnotnull
      AND r.relkind = 'r'
      AND pg_has_role(r.relowner, 'USAGE');

GRANT SELECT ON check_constraints TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.14
 * COLLATIONS view
 */

-- feature not supported

/*
 * 5.15
 * COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY view
 */

-- feature not supported


/*
 * 5.16
 * COLUMN_COLUMN_USAGE view
 */

-- feature not supported


/*
 * 5.17
 * COLUMN_DOMAIN_USAGE view
 */

CREATE VIEW column_domain_usage AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS domain_catalog,
           CAST(nt.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS domain_schema,
           CAST(t.typname AS sql_identifier) AS domain_name,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS table_catalog,
           CAST(nc.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS table_schema,
           CAST(c.relname AS sql_identifier) AS table_name,
           CAST(a.attname AS sql_identifier) AS column_name

    FROM pg_type t, pg_namespace nt, pg_class c, pg_namespace nc,
         pg_attribute a

    WHERE t.typnamespace = nt.oid
          AND c.relnamespace = nc.oid
          AND a.attrelid = c.oid
          AND a.atttypid = t.oid
          AND t.typtype = 'd'
          AND c.relkind IN ('r', 'v')
          AND a.attnum > 0
          AND NOT a.attisdropped
          AND pg_has_role(t.typowner, 'USAGE');

GRANT SELECT ON column_domain_usage TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.18
 * COLUMN_PRIVILEGES
 */

CREATE VIEW column_privileges AS
    SELECT CAST(u_grantor.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantor,
           CAST(grantee.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantee,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS table_catalog,
           CAST(nc.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS table_schema,
           CAST(c.relname AS sql_identifier) AS table_name,
           CAST(a.attname AS sql_identifier) AS column_name,
           CAST(pr.type AS character_data) AS privilege_type,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN aclcontains(c.relacl,
                                   makeaclitem(grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, pr.type, true))
                  THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS character_data) AS is_grantable

    FROM pg_attribute a,
         pg_class c,
         pg_namespace nc,
         pg_authid u_grantor,
         (
           SELECT oid, rolname FROM pg_authid
           UNION ALL
           SELECT 0::oid, 'PUBLIC'
         ) AS grantee (oid, rolname),
         (SELECT 'SELECT' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'INSERT' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'UPDATE' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'REFERENCES') AS pr (type)

    WHERE a.attrelid = c.oid
          AND c.relnamespace = nc.oid
          AND a.attnum > 0
          AND NOT a.attisdropped
          AND c.relkind IN ('r', 'v')
          AND aclcontains(c.relacl,
                          makeaclitem(grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, pr.type, false))
          AND (pg_has_role(u_grantor.oid, 'USAGE')
               OR pg_has_role(grantee.oid, 'USAGE')
               OR grantee.rolname = 'PUBLIC');

GRANT SELECT ON column_privileges TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.19
 * COLUMN_UDT_USAGE view
 */

CREATE VIEW column_udt_usage AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS udt_catalog,
           CAST(coalesce(nbt.nspname, nt.nspname) AS sql_identifier) AS udt_schema,
           CAST(coalesce(bt.typname, t.typname) AS sql_identifier) AS udt_name,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS table_catalog,
           CAST(nc.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS table_schema,
           CAST(c.relname AS sql_identifier) AS table_name,
           CAST(a.attname AS sql_identifier) AS column_name

    FROM pg_attribute a, pg_class c, pg_namespace nc,
         (pg_type t JOIN pg_namespace nt ON (t.typnamespace = nt.oid))
           LEFT JOIN (pg_type bt JOIN pg_namespace nbt ON (bt.typnamespace = nbt.oid))
           ON (t.typtype = 'd' AND t.typbasetype = bt.oid)

    WHERE a.attrelid = c.oid
          AND a.atttypid = t.oid
          AND nc.oid = c.relnamespace
          AND a.attnum > 0 AND NOT a.attisdropped AND c.relkind in ('r', 'v')
          AND pg_has_role(coalesce(bt.typowner, t.typowner), 'USAGE');

GRANT SELECT ON column_udt_usage TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.20
 * COLUMNS view
 */

CREATE VIEW columns AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS table_catalog,
           CAST(nc.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS table_schema,
           CAST(c.relname AS sql_identifier) AS table_name,
           CAST(a.attname AS sql_identifier) AS column_name,
           CAST(a.attnum AS cardinal_number) AS ordinal_position,
           CAST(pg_get_expr(ad.adbin, ad.adrelid) AS character_data) AS column_default,
           CAST(CASE WHEN a.attnotnull OR (t.typtype = 'd' AND t.typnotnull) THEN 'NO' ELSE 'YES' END
             AS character_data)
             AS is_nullable,

           CAST(
             CASE WHEN t.typtype = 'd' THEN
               CASE WHEN bt.typelem <> 0 AND bt.typlen = -1 THEN 'ARRAY'
                    WHEN nbt.nspname = 'pg_catalog' THEN format_type(t.typbasetype, null)
                    ELSE 'USER-DEFINED' END
             ELSE
               CASE WHEN t.typelem <> 0 AND t.typlen = -1 THEN 'ARRAY'
                    WHEN nt.nspname = 'pg_catalog' THEN format_type(a.atttypid, null)
                    ELSE 'USER-DEFINED' END
             END
             AS character_data)
             AS data_type,

           CAST(
             _pg_char_max_length(_pg_truetypid(a, t), _pg_truetypmod(a, t))
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS character_maximum_length,

           CAST(
             _pg_char_octet_length(_pg_truetypid(a, t), _pg_truetypmod(a, t))
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS character_octet_length,

           CAST(
             _pg_numeric_precision(_pg_truetypid(a, t), _pg_truetypmod(a, t))
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS numeric_precision,

           CAST(
             _pg_numeric_precision_radix(_pg_truetypid(a, t), _pg_truetypmod(a, t))
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS numeric_precision_radix,

           CAST(
             _pg_numeric_scale(_pg_truetypid(a, t), _pg_truetypmod(a, t))
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS numeric_scale,

           CAST(
             _pg_datetime_precision(_pg_truetypid(a, t), _pg_truetypmod(a, t))
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS datetime_precision,

           CAST(null AS character_data) AS interval_type, -- FIXME
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS interval_precision, -- FIXME

           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_name,

           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_name,

           CAST(CASE WHEN t.typtype = 'd' THEN current_database() ELSE null END
             AS sql_identifier) AS domain_catalog,
           CAST(CASE WHEN t.typtype = 'd' THEN nt.nspname ELSE null END
             AS sql_identifier) AS domain_schema,
           CAST(CASE WHEN t.typtype = 'd' THEN t.typname ELSE null END
             AS sql_identifier) AS domain_name,

           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS udt_catalog,
           CAST(coalesce(nbt.nspname, nt.nspname) AS sql_identifier) AS udt_schema,
           CAST(coalesce(bt.typname, t.typname) AS sql_identifier) AS udt_name,

           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_name,

           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS maximum_cardinality,
           CAST(a.attnum AS sql_identifier) AS dtd_identifier,
           CAST('NO' AS character_data) AS is_self_referencing,

           CAST('NO' AS character_data) AS is_identity,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS identity_generation,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS identity_start,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS identity_increment,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS identity_maximum,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS identity_minimum,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS identity_cycle,

           CAST('NEVER' AS character_data) AS is_generated,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS generation_expression,

           CAST(CASE WHEN c.relkind = 'r'
                THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS character_data) AS is_updatable

    FROM (pg_attribute a LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef ad ON attrelid = adrelid AND attnum = adnum),
         pg_class c, pg_namespace nc,
         (pg_type t JOIN pg_namespace nt ON (t.typnamespace = nt.oid))
           LEFT JOIN (pg_type bt JOIN pg_namespace nbt ON (bt.typnamespace = nbt.oid))
           ON (t.typtype = 'd' AND t.typbasetype = bt.oid)

    WHERE a.attrelid = c.oid
          AND a.atttypid = t.oid
          AND nc.oid = c.relnamespace
          AND (NOT pg_is_other_temp_schema(nc.oid))

          AND a.attnum > 0 AND NOT a.attisdropped AND c.relkind in ('r', 'v')

          AND (pg_has_role(c.relowner, 'USAGE')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'SELECT')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'INSERT')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'UPDATE')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'REFERENCES') );

GRANT SELECT ON columns TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.21
 * CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE view
 */

CREATE VIEW constraint_column_usage AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS table_catalog,
           CAST(tblschema AS sql_identifier) AS table_schema,
           CAST(tblname AS sql_identifier) AS table_name,
           CAST(colname AS sql_identifier) AS column_name,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_catalog,
           CAST(cstrschema AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_schema,
           CAST(cstrname AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_name

    FROM (
        /* check constraints */
        SELECT DISTINCT nr.nspname, r.relname, r.relowner, a.attname, nc.nspname, c.conname
          FROM pg_namespace nr, pg_class r, pg_attribute a, pg_depend d, pg_namespace nc, pg_constraint c
          WHERE nr.oid = r.relnamespace
            AND r.oid = a.attrelid
            AND d.refclassid = 'pg_catalog.pg_class'::regclass
            AND d.refobjid = r.oid
            AND d.refobjsubid = a.attnum
            AND d.classid = 'pg_catalog.pg_constraint'::regclass
            AND d.objid = c.oid
            AND c.connamespace = nc.oid
            AND c.contype = 'c'
            AND r.relkind = 'r'
            AND NOT a.attisdropped

        UNION ALL

        /* unique/primary key/foreign key constraints */
        SELECT nr.nspname, r.relname, r.relowner, a.attname, nc.nspname, c.conname
          FROM pg_namespace nr, pg_class r, pg_attribute a, pg_namespace nc,
               pg_constraint c
          WHERE nr.oid = r.relnamespace
            AND r.oid = a.attrelid
            AND nc.oid = c.connamespace
            AND (CASE WHEN c.contype = 'f' THEN r.oid = c.confrelid AND a.attnum = ANY (c.confkey)
                      ELSE r.oid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY (c.conkey) END)
            AND NOT a.attisdropped
            AND c.contype IN ('p', 'u', 'f')
            AND r.relkind = 'r'

      ) AS x (tblschema, tblname, tblowner, colname, cstrschema, cstrname)

    WHERE pg_has_role(x.tblowner, 'USAGE');

GRANT SELECT ON constraint_column_usage TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.22
 * CONSTRAINT_TABLE_USAGE view
 */

CREATE VIEW constraint_table_usage AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS table_catalog,
           CAST(nr.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS table_schema,
           CAST(r.relname AS sql_identifier) AS table_name,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_catalog,
           CAST(nc.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_schema,
           CAST(c.conname AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_name

    FROM pg_constraint c, pg_namespace nc,
         pg_class r, pg_namespace nr

    WHERE c.connamespace = nc.oid AND r.relnamespace = nr.oid
          AND ( (c.contype = 'f' AND c.confrelid = r.oid)
             OR (c.contype IN ('p', 'u') AND c.conrelid = r.oid) )
          AND r.relkind = 'r'
          AND pg_has_role(r.relowner, 'USAGE');

GRANT SELECT ON constraint_table_usage TO PUBLIC;


-- 5.23 DATA_TYPE_PRIVILEGES view appears later.


/*
 * 5.24
 * DIRECT_SUPERTABLES view
 */

-- feature not supported


/*
 * 5.25
 * DIRECT_SUPERTYPES view
 */

-- feature not supported


/*
 * 5.26
 * DOMAIN_CONSTRAINTS view
 */

CREATE VIEW domain_constraints AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_catalog,
           CAST(rs.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_schema,
           CAST(con.conname AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_name,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS domain_catalog,
           CAST(n.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS domain_schema,
           CAST(t.typname AS sql_identifier) AS domain_name,
           CAST(CASE WHEN condeferrable THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END
             AS character_data) AS is_deferrable,
           CAST(CASE WHEN condeferred THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END
             AS character_data) AS initially_deferred
    FROM pg_namespace rs, pg_namespace n, pg_constraint con, pg_type t
    WHERE rs.oid = con.connamespace
          AND n.oid = t.typnamespace
          AND t.oid = con.contypid;

GRANT SELECT ON domain_constraints TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * DOMAIN_UDT_USAGE view
 * apparently removed in SQL:2003
 */

CREATE VIEW domain_udt_usage AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS udt_catalog,
           CAST(nbt.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS udt_schema,
           CAST(bt.typname AS sql_identifier) AS udt_name,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS domain_catalog,
           CAST(nt.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS domain_schema,
           CAST(t.typname AS sql_identifier) AS domain_name

    FROM pg_type t, pg_namespace nt,
         pg_type bt, pg_namespace nbt

    WHERE t.typnamespace = nt.oid
          AND t.typbasetype = bt.oid
          AND bt.typnamespace = nbt.oid
          AND t.typtype = 'd'
          AND pg_has_role(bt.typowner, 'USAGE');

GRANT SELECT ON domain_udt_usage TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.27
 * DOMAINS view
 */

CREATE VIEW domains AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS domain_catalog,
           CAST(nt.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS domain_schema,
           CAST(t.typname AS sql_identifier) AS domain_name,

           CAST(
             CASE WHEN t.typelem <> 0 AND t.typlen = -1 THEN 'ARRAY'
                  WHEN nbt.nspname = 'pg_catalog' THEN format_type(t.typbasetype, null)
                  ELSE 'USER-DEFINED' END
             AS character_data)
             AS data_type,

           CAST(
             _pg_char_max_length(t.typbasetype, t.typtypmod)
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS character_maximum_length,

           CAST(
             _pg_char_octet_length(t.typbasetype, t.typtypmod)
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS character_octet_length,

           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_name,

           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_name,

           CAST(
             _pg_numeric_precision(t.typbasetype, t.typtypmod)
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS numeric_precision,

           CAST(
             _pg_numeric_precision_radix(t.typbasetype, t.typtypmod)
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS numeric_precision_radix,

           CAST(
             _pg_numeric_scale(t.typbasetype, t.typtypmod)
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS numeric_scale,

           CAST(
             _pg_datetime_precision(t.typbasetype, t.typtypmod)
             AS cardinal_number)
             AS datetime_precision,

           CAST(null AS character_data) AS interval_type, -- FIXME
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS interval_precision, -- FIXME

           CAST(t.typdefault AS character_data) AS domain_default,

           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS udt_catalog,
           CAST(nbt.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS udt_schema,
           CAST(bt.typname AS sql_identifier) AS udt_name,

           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_name,

           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS maximum_cardinality,
           CAST(1 AS sql_identifier) AS dtd_identifier

    FROM pg_type t, pg_namespace nt,
         pg_type bt, pg_namespace nbt

    WHERE t.typnamespace = nt.oid
          AND t.typbasetype = bt.oid
          AND bt.typnamespace = nbt.oid
          AND t.typtype = 'd';

GRANT SELECT ON domains TO PUBLIC;


-- 5.28 ELEMENT_TYPES view appears later.


/*
 * 5.29
 * ENABLED_ROLES view
 */

CREATE VIEW enabled_roles AS
    SELECT CAST(a.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS role_name
    FROM pg_authid a
    WHERE pg_has_role(a.oid, 'USAGE');

GRANT SELECT ON enabled_roles TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.30
 * FIELDS view
 */

-- feature not supported


/*
 * 5.31
 * KEY_COLUMN_USAGE view
 */

CREATE VIEW key_column_usage AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_catalog,
           CAST(nc_nspname AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_schema,
           CAST(conname AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_name,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS table_catalog,
           CAST(nr_nspname AS sql_identifier) AS table_schema,
           CAST(relname AS sql_identifier) AS table_name,
           CAST(a.attname AS sql_identifier) AS column_name,
           CAST((ss.x).n AS cardinal_number) AS ordinal_position,
           CAST(CASE WHEN contype = 'f' THEN
                  _pg_index_position(_pg_underlying_index(ss.coid),
                                     ss.confkey[(ss.x).n])
                     ELSE NULL
                END AS cardinal_number)
             AS position_in_unique_constraint
    FROM pg_attribute a,
         (SELECT r.oid AS roid, r.relname, nc.nspname AS nc_nspname,
                 nr.nspname AS nr_nspname,
                 c.oid AS coid, c.conname, c.contype, c.confkey, c.confrelid,
                 _pg_expandarray(c.conkey) AS x
          FROM pg_namespace nr, pg_class r, pg_namespace nc,
               pg_constraint c
          WHERE nr.oid = r.relnamespace
                AND r.oid = c.conrelid
                AND nc.oid = c.connamespace
                AND c.contype IN ('p', 'u', 'f')
                AND r.relkind = 'r'
                AND (NOT pg_is_other_temp_schema(nr.oid))
                AND (pg_has_role(r.relowner, 'USAGE')
                     OR has_table_privilege(r.oid, 'SELECT')
                     OR has_table_privilege(r.oid, 'INSERT')
                     OR has_table_privilege(r.oid, 'UPDATE')
                     OR has_table_privilege(r.oid, 'REFERENCES')) ) AS ss
    WHERE ss.roid = a.attrelid
          AND a.attnum = (ss.x).x
          AND NOT a.attisdropped;

GRANT SELECT ON key_column_usage TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.32
 * METHOD_SPECIFICATION_PARAMETERS view
 */

-- feature not supported


/*
 * 5.33
 * METHOD_SPECIFICATIONS view
 */

-- feature not supported


/*
 * 5.34
 * PARAMETERS view
 */

CREATE VIEW parameters AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS specific_catalog,
           CAST(n_nspname AS sql_identifier) AS specific_schema,
           CAST(proname || '_' || CAST(p_oid AS text) AS sql_identifier) AS specific_name,
           CAST((ss.x).n AS cardinal_number) AS ordinal_position,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN proargmodes IS NULL THEN 'IN'
                WHEN proargmodes[(ss.x).n] = 'i' THEN 'IN'
                WHEN proargmodes[(ss.x).n] = 'o' THEN 'OUT'
                WHEN proargmodes[(ss.x).n] = 'b' THEN 'INOUT'
                WHEN proargmodes[(ss.x).n] = 'v' THEN 'IN'
                WHEN proargmodes[(ss.x).n] = 't' THEN 'OUT'
             END AS character_data) AS parameter_mode,
           CAST('NO' AS character_data) AS is_result,
           CAST('NO' AS character_data) AS as_locator,
           CAST(NULLIF(proargnames[(ss.x).n], '') AS sql_identifier) AS parameter_name,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN t.typelem <> 0 AND t.typlen = -1 THEN 'ARRAY'
                  WHEN nt.nspname = 'pg_catalog' THEN format_type(t.oid, null)
                  ELSE 'USER-DEFINED' END AS character_data)
             AS data_type,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS character_maximum_length,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS character_octet_length,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_name,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_name,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS numeric_precision,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS numeric_precision_radix,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS numeric_scale,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS datetime_precision,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS interval_type,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS interval_precision,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS udt_catalog,
           CAST(nt.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS udt_schema,
           CAST(t.typname AS sql_identifier) AS udt_name,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_name,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS maximum_cardinality,
           CAST((ss.x).n AS sql_identifier) AS dtd_identifier

    FROM pg_type t, pg_namespace nt,
         (SELECT n.nspname AS n_nspname, p.proname, p.oid AS p_oid,
                 p.proargnames, p.proargmodes,
                 _pg_expandarray(coalesce(p.proallargtypes, p.proargtypes::oid[])) AS x
          FROM pg_namespace n, pg_proc p
          WHERE n.oid = p.pronamespace
                AND (pg_has_role(p.proowner, 'USAGE') OR
                     has_function_privilege(p.oid, 'EXECUTE'))) AS ss
    WHERE t.oid = (ss.x).x AND t.typnamespace = nt.oid;

GRANT SELECT ON parameters TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.35
 * REFERENCED_TYPES view
 */

-- feature not supported


/*
 * 5.36
 * REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS view
 */

CREATE VIEW referential_constraints AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_catalog,
           CAST(ncon.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_schema,
           CAST(con.conname AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_name,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN npkc.nspname IS NULL THEN NULL
                  ELSE current_database() END
             AS sql_identifier) AS unique_constraint_catalog,
           CAST(npkc.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS unique_constraint_schema,
           CAST(pkc.conname AS sql_identifier) AS unique_constraint_name,

           CAST(
             CASE con.confmatchtype WHEN 'f' THEN 'FULL'
                                    WHEN 'p' THEN 'PARTIAL'
                                    WHEN 'u' THEN 'NONE' END
             AS character_data) AS match_option,

           CAST(
             CASE con.confupdtype WHEN 'c' THEN 'CASCADE'
                                  WHEN 'n' THEN 'SET NULL'
                                  WHEN 'd' THEN 'SET DEFAULT'
                                  WHEN 'r' THEN 'RESTRICT'
                                  WHEN 'a' THEN 'NO ACTION' END
             AS character_data) AS update_rule,

           CAST(
             CASE con.confdeltype WHEN 'c' THEN 'CASCADE'
                                  WHEN 'n' THEN 'SET NULL'
                                  WHEN 'd' THEN 'SET DEFAULT'
                                  WHEN 'r' THEN 'RESTRICT'
                                  WHEN 'a' THEN 'NO ACTION' END
             AS character_data) AS delete_rule

    FROM (pg_namespace ncon
          INNER JOIN pg_constraint con ON ncon.oid = con.connamespace
          INNER JOIN pg_class c ON con.conrelid = c.oid)
         LEFT JOIN
         (pg_constraint pkc
          INNER JOIN pg_namespace npkc ON pkc.connamespace = npkc.oid)
         ON con.confrelid = pkc.conrelid
            AND _pg_keysequal(con.confkey, pkc.conkey)

    WHERE c.relkind = 'r'
          AND con.contype = 'f'
          AND (pkc.contype IN ('p', 'u') OR pkc.contype IS NULL)
          AND pg_has_role(c.relowner, 'USAGE');

GRANT SELECT ON referential_constraints TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.37
 * ROLE_COLUMN_GRANTS view
 */

CREATE VIEW role_column_grants AS
    SELECT CAST(u_grantor.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantor,
           CAST(g_grantee.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantee,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS table_catalog,
           CAST(nc.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS table_schema,
           CAST(c.relname AS sql_identifier) AS table_name,
           CAST(a.attname AS sql_identifier) AS column_name,
           CAST(pr.type AS character_data) AS privilege_type,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN aclcontains(c.relacl,
                                   makeaclitem(g_grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, pr.type, true))
                  THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS character_data) AS is_grantable

    FROM pg_attribute a,
         pg_class c,
         pg_namespace nc,
         pg_authid u_grantor,
         pg_authid g_grantee,
         (SELECT 'SELECT' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'INSERT' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'UPDATE' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'REFERENCES') AS pr (type)

    WHERE a.attrelid = c.oid
          AND c.relnamespace = nc.oid
          AND a.attnum > 0
          AND NOT a.attisdropped
          AND c.relkind IN ('r', 'v')
          AND aclcontains(c.relacl,
                          makeaclitem(g_grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, pr.type, false))
          AND (u_grantor.rolname IN (SELECT role_name FROM enabled_roles)
               OR g_grantee.rolname IN (SELECT role_name FROM enabled_roles));

GRANT SELECT ON role_column_grants TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.38
 * ROLE_ROUTINE_GRANTS view
 */

CREATE VIEW role_routine_grants AS
    SELECT CAST(u_grantor.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantor,
           CAST(g_grantee.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantee,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS specific_catalog,
           CAST(n.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS specific_schema,
           CAST(p.proname || '_' || CAST(p.oid AS text) AS sql_identifier) AS specific_name,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS routine_catalog,
           CAST(n.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS routine_schema,
           CAST(p.proname AS sql_identifier) AS routine_name,
           CAST('EXECUTE' AS character_data) AS privilege_type,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN aclcontains(p.proacl,
                                   makeaclitem(g_grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, 'EXECUTE', true))
                  THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS character_data) AS is_grantable

    FROM pg_proc p,
         pg_namespace n,
         pg_authid u_grantor,
         pg_authid g_grantee

    WHERE p.pronamespace = n.oid
          AND aclcontains(p.proacl,
                          makeaclitem(g_grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, 'EXECUTE', false))
          AND (u_grantor.rolname IN (SELECT role_name FROM enabled_roles)
               OR g_grantee.rolname IN (SELECT role_name FROM enabled_roles));

GRANT SELECT ON role_routine_grants TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.39
 * ROLE_TABLE_GRANTS view
 */

CREATE VIEW role_table_grants AS
    SELECT CAST(u_grantor.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantor,
           CAST(g_grantee.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantee,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS table_catalog,
           CAST(nc.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS table_schema,
           CAST(c.relname AS sql_identifier) AS table_name,
           CAST(pr.type AS character_data) AS privilege_type,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN aclcontains(c.relacl,
                                   makeaclitem(g_grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, pr.type, true))
                  THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS character_data) AS is_grantable,
           CAST('NO' AS character_data) AS with_hierarchy

    FROM pg_class c,
         pg_namespace nc,
         pg_authid u_grantor,
         pg_authid g_grantee,
         (SELECT 'SELECT' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'INSERT' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'UPDATE' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'DELETE' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'TRUNCATE' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'REFERENCES' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'TRIGGER') AS pr (type)

    WHERE c.relnamespace = nc.oid
          AND c.relkind IN ('r', 'v')
          AND aclcontains(c.relacl,
                          makeaclitem(g_grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, pr.type, false))
          AND (u_grantor.rolname IN (SELECT role_name FROM enabled_roles)
               OR g_grantee.rolname IN (SELECT role_name FROM enabled_roles));

GRANT SELECT ON role_table_grants TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.40
 * ROLE_TABLE_METHOD_GRANTS view
 */

-- feature not supported


/*
 * 5.41
 * ROLE_USAGE_GRANTS view
 */

CREATE VIEW role_usage_grants AS

    /* foreign-data wrappers */
    SELECT CAST(u_grantor.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantor,
           CAST(g_grantee.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantee,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS object_catalog,
           CAST('' AS sql_identifier) AS object_schema,
           CAST(fdw.fdwname AS sql_identifier) AS object_name,
           CAST('FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER' AS character_data) AS object_type,
           CAST('USAGE' AS character_data) AS privilege_type,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN aclcontains(fdw.fdwacl,
                                   makeaclitem(g_grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, 'USAGE', true))
                  THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS character_data) AS is_grantable

    FROM pg_foreign_data_wrapper fdw,
         pg_authid u_grantor,
         pg_authid g_grantee

    WHERE aclcontains(fdw.fdwacl,
                          makeaclitem(g_grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, 'USAGE', false))
          AND (u_grantor.rolname IN (SELECT role_name FROM enabled_roles)
               OR g_grantee.rolname IN (SELECT role_name FROM enabled_roles))

    UNION ALL

    /* foreign server */
    SELECT CAST(u_grantor.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantor,
           CAST(g_grantee.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantee,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS object_catalog,
           CAST('' AS sql_identifier) AS object_schema,
           CAST(srv.srvname AS sql_identifier) AS object_name,
           CAST('FOREIGN SERVER' AS character_data) AS object_type,
           CAST('USAGE' AS character_data) AS privilege_type,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN aclcontains(srv.srvacl,
                                   makeaclitem(g_grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, 'USAGE', true))
                  THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS character_data) AS is_grantable

    FROM pg_foreign_server srv,
         pg_authid u_grantor,
         pg_authid g_grantee

    WHERE aclcontains(srv.srvacl,
                          makeaclitem(g_grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, 'USAGE', false))
          AND (u_grantor.rolname IN (SELECT role_name FROM enabled_roles)
               OR g_grantee.rolname IN (SELECT role_name FROM enabled_roles));

GRANT SELECT ON role_usage_grants TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.42
 * ROLE_UDT_GRANTS view
 */

-- feature not supported


/*
 * 5.43
 * ROUTINE_COLUMN_USAGE view
 */

-- not tracked by PostgreSQL


/*
 * 5.44
 * ROUTINE_PRIVILEGES view
 */

CREATE VIEW routine_privileges AS
    SELECT CAST(u_grantor.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantor,
           CAST(grantee.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantee,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS specific_catalog,
           CAST(n.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS specific_schema,
           CAST(p.proname || '_' || CAST(p.oid AS text) AS sql_identifier) AS specific_name,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS routine_catalog,
           CAST(n.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS routine_schema,
           CAST(p.proname AS sql_identifier) AS routine_name,
           CAST('EXECUTE' AS character_data) AS privilege_type,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN aclcontains(p.proacl,
                                   makeaclitem(grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, 'EXECUTE', true))
                  THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS character_data) AS is_grantable

    FROM pg_proc p,
         pg_namespace n,
         pg_authid u_grantor,
         (
           SELECT oid, rolname FROM pg_authid
           UNION ALL
           SELECT 0::oid, 'PUBLIC'
         ) AS grantee (oid, rolname)

    WHERE p.pronamespace = n.oid
          AND aclcontains(p.proacl,
                          makeaclitem(grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, 'EXECUTE', false))
          AND (pg_has_role(u_grantor.oid, 'USAGE')
               OR pg_has_role(grantee.oid, 'USAGE')
               OR grantee.rolname = 'PUBLIC');

GRANT SELECT ON routine_privileges TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.45
 * ROUTINE_ROUTINE_USAGE view
 */

-- not tracked by PostgreSQL


/* 
 * 5.46
 * ROUTINE_SEQUENCE_USAGE view
 */

-- not tracked by PostgreSQL


/*
 * 5.47
 * ROUTINE_TABLE_USAGE view
 */

-- not tracked by PostgreSQL


/*
 * 5.48
 * ROUTINES view
 */

CREATE VIEW routines AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS specific_catalog,
           CAST(n.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS specific_schema,
           CAST(p.proname || '_' || CAST(p.oid AS text) AS sql_identifier) AS specific_name,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS routine_catalog,
           CAST(n.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS routine_schema,
           CAST(p.proname AS sql_identifier) AS routine_name,
           CAST('FUNCTION' AS character_data) AS routine_type,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS module_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS module_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS module_name,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS udt_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS udt_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS udt_name,

           CAST(
             CASE WHEN t.typelem <> 0 AND t.typlen = -1 THEN 'ARRAY'
                  WHEN nt.nspname = 'pg_catalog' THEN format_type(t.oid, null)
                  ELSE 'USER-DEFINED' END AS character_data)
             AS data_type,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS character_maximum_length,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS character_octet_length,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_name,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_name,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS numeric_precision,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS numeric_precision_radix,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS numeric_scale,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS datetime_precision,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS interval_type,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS interval_precision,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS type_udt_catalog,
           CAST(nt.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS type_udt_schema,
           CAST(t.typname AS sql_identifier) AS type_udt_name,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_name,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS maximum_cardinality,
           CAST(0 AS sql_identifier) AS dtd_identifier,

           CAST(CASE WHEN l.lanname = 'sql' THEN 'SQL' ELSE 'EXTERNAL' END AS character_data)
             AS routine_body,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN pg_has_role(p.proowner, 'USAGE') THEN p.prosrc ELSE null END
             AS character_data) AS routine_definition,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN l.lanname = 'c' THEN p.prosrc ELSE null END
             AS character_data) AS external_name,
           CAST(upper(l.lanname) AS character_data) AS external_language,

           CAST('GENERAL' AS character_data) AS parameter_style,
           CAST(CASE WHEN p.provolatile = 'i' THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS character_data) AS is_deterministic,
           CAST('MODIFIES' AS character_data) AS sql_data_access,
           CAST(CASE WHEN p.proisstrict THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS character_data) AS is_null_call,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS sql_path,
           CAST('YES' AS character_data) AS schema_level_routine,
           CAST(0 AS cardinal_number) AS max_dynamic_result_sets,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS is_user_defined_cast,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS is_implicitly_invocable,
           CAST(CASE WHEN p.prosecdef THEN 'DEFINER' ELSE 'INVOKER' END AS character_data) AS security_type,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS to_sql_specific_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS to_sql_specific_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS to_sql_specific_name,
           CAST('NO' AS character_data) AS as_locator,
           CAST(null AS time_stamp) AS created,
           CAST(null AS time_stamp) AS last_altered,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS new_savepoint_level,
           CAST('YES' AS character_data) AS is_udt_dependent, -- FIXME?

           CAST(null AS character_data) AS result_cast_from_data_type,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS result_cast_as_locator,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS result_cast_char_max_length,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS result_cast_char_octet_length,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS result_cast_char_set_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS result_cast_char_set_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS result_cast_character_set_name,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS result_cast_collation_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS result_cast_collation_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS result_cast_collation_name,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS result_cast_numeric_precision,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS result_cast_numeric_precision_radix,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS result_cast_numeric_scale,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS result_cast_datetime_precision,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS result_cast_interval_type,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS result_cast_interval_precision,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS result_cast_type_udt_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS result_cast_type_udt_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS result_cast_type_udt_name,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS result_cast_scope_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS result_cast_scope_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS result_cast_scope_name,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS result_cast_maximum_cardinality,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS result_cast_dtd_identifier           

    FROM pg_namespace n, pg_proc p, pg_language l,
         pg_type t, pg_namespace nt

    WHERE n.oid = p.pronamespace AND p.prolang = l.oid
          AND p.prorettype = t.oid AND t.typnamespace = nt.oid
          AND (pg_has_role(p.proowner, 'USAGE')
               OR has_function_privilege(p.oid, 'EXECUTE'));

GRANT SELECT ON routines TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.49
 * SCHEMATA view
 */

CREATE VIEW schemata AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS catalog_name,
           CAST(n.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS schema_name,
           CAST(u.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS schema_owner,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS default_character_set_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS default_character_set_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS default_character_set_name,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS sql_path
    FROM pg_namespace n, pg_authid u
    WHERE n.nspowner = u.oid AND pg_has_role(n.nspowner, 'USAGE');

GRANT SELECT ON schemata TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.50
 * SEQUENCES view
 */

CREATE VIEW sequences AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS sequence_catalog,
           CAST(nc.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS sequence_schema,
           CAST(c.relname AS sql_identifier) AS sequence_name,
           CAST('bigint' AS character_data) AS data_type,
           CAST(64 AS cardinal_number) AS numeric_precision,
           CAST(2 AS cardinal_number) AS numeric_precision_radix,
           CAST(0 AS cardinal_number) AS numeric_scale,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS maximum_value, -- FIXME
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS minimum_value, -- FIXME
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS increment,     -- FIXME
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS cycle_option    -- FIXME
    FROM pg_namespace nc, pg_class c
    WHERE c.relnamespace = nc.oid
          AND c.relkind = 'S'
          AND (NOT pg_is_other_temp_schema(nc.oid))
          AND (pg_has_role(c.relowner, 'USAGE')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'SELECT')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'UPDATE') );

GRANT SELECT ON sequences TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.51
 * SQL_FEATURES table
 */

CREATE TABLE sql_features (
    feature_id          character_data,
    feature_name        character_data,
    sub_feature_id      character_data,
    sub_feature_name    character_data,
    is_supported        character_data,
    is_verified_by      character_data,
    comments            character_data
) WITHOUT OIDS;

-- Will be filled with external data by initdb.

GRANT SELECT ON sql_features TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.52
 * SQL_IMPLEMENTATION_INFO table
 */

-- Note: Implementation information items are defined in ISO/IEC 9075-3:2003,
-- clause 7.1.

CREATE TABLE sql_implementation_info (
    implementation_info_id      character_data,
    implementation_info_name    character_data,
    integer_value               cardinal_number,
    character_value             character_data,
    comments                    character_data
) WITHOUT OIDS;

INSERT INTO sql_implementation_info VALUES ('10003', 'CATALOG NAME', NULL, 'Y', NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_implementation_info VALUES ('10004', 'COLLATING SEQUENCE', NULL, '', 'not supported');
INSERT INTO sql_implementation_info VALUES ('23',    'CURSOR COMMIT BEHAVIOR', 1, NULL, 'close cursors and retain prepared statements');
INSERT INTO sql_implementation_info VALUES ('2',     'DATA SOURCE NAME', NULL, '', NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_implementation_info VALUES ('17',    'DBMS NAME', NULL, (select trim(trailing ' ' from substring(version() from '^[^0-9]*'))), NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_implementation_info VALUES ('18',    'DBMS VERSION', NULL, '???', NULL); -- filled by initdb
INSERT INTO sql_implementation_info VALUES ('26',    'DEFAULT TRANSACTION ISOLATION', 2, NULL, 'READ COMMITTED; user-settable');
INSERT INTO sql_implementation_info VALUES ('28',    'IDENTIFIER CASE', 3, NULL, 'stored in mixed case - case sensitive');
INSERT INTO sql_implementation_info VALUES ('85',    'NULL COLLATION', 0, NULL, 'nulls higher than non-nulls');
INSERT INTO sql_implementation_info VALUES ('13',    'SERVER NAME', NULL, '', NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_implementation_info VALUES ('94',    'SPECIAL CHARACTERS', NULL, '', 'all non-ASCII characters allowed');
INSERT INTO sql_implementation_info VALUES ('46',    'TRANSACTION CAPABLE', 2, NULL, 'both DML and DDL');

GRANT SELECT ON sql_implementation_info TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.53
 * SQL_LANGUAGES table
 */

CREATE TABLE sql_languages (
    sql_language_source         character_data,
    sql_language_year           character_data,
    sql_language_conformance    character_data,
    sql_language_integrity      character_data,
    sql_language_implementation character_data,
    sql_language_binding_style  character_data,
    sql_language_programming_language character_data
) WITHOUT OIDS;

INSERT INTO sql_languages VALUES ('ISO 9075', '1999', 'CORE', NULL, NULL, 'DIRECT', NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_languages VALUES ('ISO 9075', '1999', 'CORE', NULL, NULL, 'EMBEDDED', 'C');
INSERT INTO sql_languages VALUES ('ISO 9075', '2003', 'CORE', NULL, NULL, 'DIRECT', NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_languages VALUES ('ISO 9075', '2003', 'CORE', NULL, NULL, 'EMBEDDED', 'C');

GRANT SELECT ON sql_languages TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.54
 * SQL_PACKAGES table
 */

CREATE TABLE sql_packages (
    feature_id      character_data,
    feature_name    character_data,
    is_supported    character_data,
    is_verified_by  character_data,
    comments        character_data
) WITHOUT OIDS;

INSERT INTO sql_packages VALUES ('PKG000', 'Core', 'NO', NULL, '');
INSERT INTO sql_packages VALUES ('PKG001', 'Enhanced datetime facilities', 'YES', NULL, '');
INSERT INTO sql_packages VALUES ('PKG002', 'Enhanced integrity management', 'NO', NULL, '');
INSERT INTO sql_packages VALUES ('PKG003', 'OLAP facilities', 'NO', NULL, '');
INSERT INTO sql_packages VALUES ('PKG004', 'PSM', 'NO', NULL, 'PL/pgSQL is similar.');
INSERT INTO sql_packages VALUES ('PKG005', 'CLI', 'NO', NULL, 'ODBC is similar.');
INSERT INTO sql_packages VALUES ('PKG006', 'Basic object support', 'NO', NULL, '');
INSERT INTO sql_packages VALUES ('PKG007', 'Enhanced object support', 'NO', NULL, '');
INSERT INTO sql_packages VALUES ('PKG008', 'Active database', 'NO', NULL, '');
INSERT INTO sql_packages VALUES ('PKG010', 'OLAP', 'NO', NULL, 'NO');

GRANT SELECT ON sql_packages TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.55
 * SQL_PARTS table
 */

CREATE TABLE sql_parts (
    feature_id      character_data,
    feature_name    character_data,
    is_supported    character_data,
    is_verified_by  character_data,
    comments        character_data
) WITHOUT OIDS;

INSERT INTO sql_parts VALUES ('1', 'Framework (SQL/Framework)', 'NO', NULL, '');
INSERT INTO sql_parts VALUES ('2', 'Foundation (SQL/Foundation)', 'NO', NULL, '');
INSERT INTO sql_parts VALUES ('3', 'Call-Level Interface (SQL/CLI)', 'NO', NULL, '');
INSERT INTO sql_parts VALUES ('4', 'Persistent Stored Modules (SQL/PSM)', 'NO', NULL, '');
INSERT INTO sql_parts VALUES ('9', 'Management of External Data (SQL/MED)', 'NO', NULL, '');
INSERT INTO sql_parts VALUES ('10', 'Object Language Bindings (SQL/OLB)', 'NO', NULL, '');
INSERT INTO sql_parts VALUES ('11', 'Information and Definition Schema (SQL/Schemata)', 'NO', NULL, '');
INSERT INTO sql_parts VALUES ('13', 'Routines and Types Using the Java Programming Language (SQL/JRT)', 'NO', NULL, '');
INSERT INTO sql_parts VALUES ('14', 'XML-Related Specifications (SQL/XML)', 'YES', NULL, '');


/*
 * 5.56
 * SQL_SIZING table
 */

-- Note: Sizing items are defined in ISO/IEC 9075-3:2003, clause 7.2.

CREATE TABLE sql_sizing (
    sizing_id       cardinal_number,
    sizing_name     character_data,
    supported_value cardinal_number,
    comments        character_data
) WITHOUT OIDS;

INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (34,    'MAXIMUM CATALOG NAME LENGTH', 63, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (30,    'MAXIMUM COLUMN NAME LENGTH', 63, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (97,    'MAXIMUM COLUMNS IN GROUP BY', 0, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (99,    'MAXIMUM COLUMNS IN ORDER BY', 0, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (100,   'MAXIMUM COLUMNS IN SELECT', 1664, NULL); -- match MaxTupleAttributeNumber
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (101,   'MAXIMUM COLUMNS IN TABLE', 1600, NULL); -- match MaxHeapAttributeNumber
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (1,     'MAXIMUM CONCURRENT ACTIVITIES', 0, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (31,    'MAXIMUM CURSOR NAME LENGTH', 63, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (0,     'MAXIMUM DRIVER CONNECTIONS', NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (10005, 'MAXIMUM IDENTIFIER LENGTH', 63, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (32,    'MAXIMUM SCHEMA NAME LENGTH', 63, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (20000, 'MAXIMUM STATEMENT OCTETS', 0, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (20001, 'MAXIMUM STATEMENT OCTETS DATA', 0, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (20002, 'MAXIMUM STATEMENT OCTETS SCHEMA', 0, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (35,    'MAXIMUM TABLE NAME LENGTH', 63, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (106,   'MAXIMUM TABLES IN SELECT', 0, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (107,   'MAXIMUM USER NAME LENGTH', 63, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (25000, 'MAXIMUM CURRENT DEFAULT TRANSFORM GROUP LENGTH', NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (25001, 'MAXIMUM CURRENT TRANSFORM GROUP LENGTH', NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (25002, 'MAXIMUM CURRENT PATH LENGTH', 0, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (25003, 'MAXIMUM CURRENT ROLE LENGTH', NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (25004, 'MAXIMUM SESSION USER LENGTH', 63, NULL);
INSERT INTO sql_sizing VALUES (25005, 'MAXIMUM SYSTEM USER LENGTH', 63, NULL);

UPDATE sql_sizing
    SET supported_value = (SELECT typlen-1 FROM pg_catalog.pg_type WHERE typname = 'name'),
        comments = 'Might be less, depending on character set.'
    WHERE supported_value = 63;

GRANT SELECT ON sql_sizing TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.57
 * SQL_SIZING_PROFILES table
 */

-- The data in this table are defined by various profiles of SQL.
-- Since we don't have any information about such profiles, we provide
-- an empty table.

CREATE TABLE sql_sizing_profiles (
    sizing_id       cardinal_number,
    sizing_name     character_data,
    profile_id      character_data,
    required_value  cardinal_number,
    comments        character_data
) WITHOUT OIDS;

GRANT SELECT ON sql_sizing_profiles TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.58
 * TABLE_CONSTRAINTS view
 */

CREATE VIEW table_constraints AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_catalog,
           CAST(nc.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_schema,
           CAST(c.conname AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_name,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS table_catalog,
           CAST(nr.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS table_schema,
           CAST(r.relname AS sql_identifier) AS table_name,
           CAST(
             CASE c.contype WHEN 'c' THEN 'CHECK'
                            WHEN 'f' THEN 'FOREIGN KEY'
                            WHEN 'p' THEN 'PRIMARY KEY'
                            WHEN 'u' THEN 'UNIQUE' END
             AS character_data) AS constraint_type,
           CAST(CASE WHEN c.condeferrable THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS character_data)
             AS is_deferrable,
           CAST(CASE WHEN c.condeferred THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS character_data)
             AS initially_deferred

    FROM pg_namespace nc,
         pg_namespace nr,
         pg_constraint c,
         pg_class r

    WHERE nc.oid = c.connamespace AND nr.oid = r.relnamespace
          AND c.conrelid = r.oid
          AND r.relkind = 'r'
          AND (NOT pg_is_other_temp_schema(nr.oid))
          AND (pg_has_role(r.relowner, 'USAGE')
               -- SELECT privilege omitted, per SQL standard
               OR has_table_privilege(r.oid, 'INSERT')
               OR has_table_privilege(r.oid, 'UPDATE')
               OR has_table_privilege(r.oid, 'DELETE')
               OR has_table_privilege(r.oid, 'TRUNCATE')
               OR has_table_privilege(r.oid, 'REFERENCES')
               OR has_table_privilege(r.oid, 'TRIGGER') )

    UNION

    -- not-null constraints

    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_catalog,
           CAST(nr.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_schema,
           CAST(CAST(nr.oid AS text) || '_' || CAST(r.oid AS text) || '_' || CAST(a.attnum AS text) || '_not_null' AS sql_identifier) AS constraint_name, -- XXX
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS table_catalog,
           CAST(nr.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS table_schema,
           CAST(r.relname AS sql_identifier) AS table_name,
           CAST('CHECK' AS character_data) AS constraint_type,
           CAST('NO' AS character_data) AS is_deferrable,
           CAST('NO' AS character_data) AS initially_deferred

    FROM pg_namespace nr,
         pg_class r,
         pg_attribute a

    WHERE nr.oid = r.relnamespace
          AND r.oid = a.attrelid
          AND a.attnotnull
          AND a.attnum > 0
          AND NOT a.attisdropped
          AND r.relkind = 'r'
          AND (NOT pg_is_other_temp_schema(nr.oid))
          AND (pg_has_role(r.relowner, 'USAGE')
               OR has_table_privilege(r.oid, 'SELECT')
               OR has_table_privilege(r.oid, 'INSERT')
               OR has_table_privilege(r.oid, 'UPDATE')
               OR has_table_privilege(r.oid, 'DELETE')
               OR has_table_privilege(r.oid, 'TRUNCATE')
               OR has_table_privilege(r.oid, 'REFERENCES')
               OR has_table_privilege(r.oid, 'TRIGGER') );

GRANT SELECT ON table_constraints TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.59
 * TABLE_METHOD_PRIVILEGES view
 */

-- feature not supported


/*
 * 5.60
 * TABLE_PRIVILEGES view
 */

CREATE VIEW table_privileges AS
    SELECT CAST(u_grantor.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantor,
           CAST(grantee.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantee,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS table_catalog,
           CAST(nc.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS table_schema,
           CAST(c.relname AS sql_identifier) AS table_name,
           CAST(pr.type AS character_data) AS privilege_type,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN aclcontains(c.relacl,
                                   makeaclitem(grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, pr.type, true))
                  THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS character_data) AS is_grantable,
           CAST('NO' AS character_data) AS with_hierarchy

    FROM pg_class c,
         pg_namespace nc,
         pg_authid u_grantor,
         (
           SELECT oid, rolname FROM pg_authid
           UNION ALL
           SELECT 0::oid, 'PUBLIC'
         ) AS grantee (oid, rolname),
         (SELECT 'SELECT' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'INSERT' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'UPDATE' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'DELETE' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'TRUNCATE' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'REFERENCES' UNION ALL
          SELECT 'TRIGGER') AS pr (type)

    WHERE c.relnamespace = nc.oid
          AND c.relkind IN ('r', 'v')
          AND aclcontains(c.relacl,
                          makeaclitem(grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, pr.type, false))
          AND (pg_has_role(u_grantor.oid, 'USAGE')
               OR pg_has_role(grantee.oid, 'USAGE')
               OR grantee.rolname = 'PUBLIC');

GRANT SELECT ON table_privileges TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.61
 * TABLES view
 */

CREATE VIEW tables AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS table_catalog,
           CAST(nc.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS table_schema,
           CAST(c.relname AS sql_identifier) AS table_name,

           CAST(
             CASE WHEN nc.oid = pg_my_temp_schema() THEN 'LOCAL TEMPORARY'
                  WHEN c.relkind = 'r' THEN 'BASE TABLE'
                  WHEN c.relkind = 'v' THEN 'VIEW'
                  ELSE null END
             AS character_data) AS table_type,

           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS self_referencing_column_name,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS reference_generation,

           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS user_defined_type_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS user_defined_type_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS user_defined_type_name,

           CAST(CASE WHEN c.relkind = 'r'
                THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS character_data) AS is_insertable_into,
           CAST('NO' AS character_data) AS is_typed,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN nc.oid = pg_my_temp_schema() THEN 'PRESERVE' -- FIXME
                  ELSE null END
             AS character_data) AS commit_action

    FROM pg_namespace nc, pg_class c

    WHERE c.relnamespace = nc.oid
          AND c.relkind IN ('r', 'v')
          AND (NOT pg_is_other_temp_schema(nc.oid))
          AND (pg_has_role(c.relowner, 'USAGE')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'SELECT')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'INSERT')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'UPDATE')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'DELETE')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'TRUNCATE')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'REFERENCES')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'TRIGGER') );

GRANT SELECT ON tables TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.62
 * TRANSFORMS view
 */

-- feature not supported


/*
 * 5.63
 * TRANSLATIONS view
 */

-- feature not supported


/*
 * 5.64
 * TRIGGERED_UPDATE_COLUMNS view
 */

-- PostgreSQL doesn't allow the specification of individual triggered
-- update columns, so this view is empty.

CREATE VIEW triggered_update_columns AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS trigger_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS trigger_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS trigger_name,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS event_object_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS event_object_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS event_object_table,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS event_object_column
    WHERE false;

GRANT SELECT ON triggered_update_columns TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.65
 * TRIGGER_COLUMN_USAGE view
 */

-- not tracked by PostgreSQL


/*
 * 5.66
 * TRIGGER_ROUTINE_USAGE view
 */

-- not tracked by PostgreSQL


/*
 * 5.67
 * TRIGGER_SEQUENCE_USAGE view
 */

-- not tracked by PostgreSQL


/*
 * 5.68
 * TRIGGER_TABLE_USAGE view
 */

-- not tracked by PostgreSQL


/*
 * 5.69
 * TRIGGERS view
 */

CREATE VIEW triggers AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS trigger_catalog,
           CAST(n.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS trigger_schema,
           CAST(t.tgname AS sql_identifier) AS trigger_name,
           CAST(em.text AS character_data) AS event_manipulation,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS event_object_catalog,
           CAST(n.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS event_object_schema,
           CAST(c.relname AS sql_identifier) AS event_object_table,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS action_order,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS action_condition,
           CAST(
             substring(pg_get_triggerdef(t.oid) from
                       position('EXECUTE PROCEDURE' in substring(pg_get_triggerdef(t.oid) from 48)) + 47)
             AS character_data) AS action_statement,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN t.tgtype & 1 = 1 THEN 'ROW' ELSE 'STATEMENT' END
             AS character_data) AS action_orientation,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN t.tgtype & 2 = 2 THEN 'BEFORE' ELSE 'AFTER' END
             AS character_data) AS condition_timing,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS condition_reference_old_table,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS condition_reference_new_table,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS condition_reference_old_row,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS condition_reference_new_row,
           CAST(null AS time_stamp) AS created

    FROM pg_namespace n, pg_class c, pg_trigger t,
         (SELECT 4, 'INSERT' UNION ALL
          SELECT 8, 'DELETE' UNION ALL
          SELECT 16, 'UPDATE') AS em (num, text)

    WHERE n.oid = c.relnamespace
          AND c.oid = t.tgrelid
          AND t.tgtype & em.num <> 0
          AND NOT t.tgisconstraint
          AND (NOT pg_is_other_temp_schema(n.oid))
          AND (pg_has_role(c.relowner, 'USAGE')
               -- SELECT privilege omitted, per SQL standard
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'INSERT')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'UPDATE')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'DELETE')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'TRUNCATE')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'REFERENCES')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'TRIGGER') );

GRANT SELECT ON triggers TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.70
 * UDT_PRIVILEGES view
 */

-- feature not supported


/*
 * 5.71
 * USAGE_PRIVILEGES view
 */

CREATE VIEW usage_privileges AS

    /* domains */
    -- Domains have no real privileges, so we represent all domains with implicit usage privilege here.
    SELECT CAST(u.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantor,
           CAST('PUBLIC' AS sql_identifier) AS grantee,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS object_catalog,
           CAST(n.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS object_schema,
           CAST(t.typname AS sql_identifier) AS object_name,
           CAST('DOMAIN' AS character_data) AS object_type,
           CAST('USAGE' AS character_data) AS privilege_type,
           CAST('NO' AS character_data) AS is_grantable

    FROM pg_authid u,
         pg_namespace n,
         pg_type t

    WHERE u.oid = t.typowner
          AND t.typnamespace = n.oid
          AND t.typtype = 'd'

    UNION ALL

    /* foreign-data wrappers */
    SELECT CAST(u_grantor.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantor,
           CAST(grantee.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantee,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS object_catalog,
           CAST('' AS sql_identifier) AS object_schema,
           CAST(fdw.fdwname AS sql_identifier) AS object_name,
           CAST('FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER' AS character_data) AS object_type,
           CAST('USAGE' AS character_data) AS privilege_type,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN aclcontains(fdw.fdwacl,
                                   makeaclitem(grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, 'USAGE', true))
                  THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS character_data) AS is_grantable

    FROM pg_foreign_data_wrapper fdw,
         pg_authid u_grantor,
         (
           SELECT oid, rolname FROM pg_authid
           UNION ALL
           SELECT 0::oid, 'PUBLIC'
         ) AS grantee (oid, rolname)

    WHERE aclcontains(fdw.fdwacl,
                      makeaclitem(grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, 'USAGE', false))
          AND (pg_has_role(u_grantor.oid, 'USAGE')
               OR pg_has_role(grantee.oid, 'USAGE')
               OR grantee.rolname = 'PUBLIC')

    UNION ALL

    /* foreign servers */
    SELECT CAST(u_grantor.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantor,
           CAST(grantee.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS grantee,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS object_catalog,
           CAST('' AS sql_identifier) AS object_schema,
           CAST(srv.srvname AS sql_identifier) AS object_name,
           CAST('FOREIGN SERVER' AS character_data) AS object_type,
           CAST('USAGE' AS character_data) AS privilege_type,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN aclcontains(srv.srvacl,
                                   makeaclitem(grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, 'USAGE', true))
                  THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS character_data) AS is_grantable

    FROM pg_foreign_server srv,
         pg_authid u_grantor,
         (
           SELECT oid, rolname FROM pg_authid
           UNION ALL
           SELECT 0::oid, 'PUBLIC'
         ) AS grantee (oid, rolname)

    WHERE aclcontains(srv.srvacl,
                      makeaclitem(grantee.oid, u_grantor.oid, 'USAGE', false))
          AND (pg_has_role(u_grantor.oid, 'USAGE')
               OR pg_has_role(grantee.oid, 'USAGE')
               OR grantee.rolname = 'PUBLIC');

GRANT SELECT ON usage_privileges TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.72
 * USER_DEFINED_TYPES view
 */

-- feature not supported


/*
 * 5.73
 * VIEW_COLUMN_USAGE
 */

CREATE VIEW view_column_usage AS
    SELECT DISTINCT
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS view_catalog,
           CAST(nv.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS view_schema,
           CAST(v.relname AS sql_identifier) AS view_name,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS table_catalog,
           CAST(nt.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS table_schema,
           CAST(t.relname AS sql_identifier) AS table_name,
           CAST(a.attname AS sql_identifier) AS column_name

    FROM pg_namespace nv, pg_class v, pg_depend dv,
         pg_depend dt, pg_class t, pg_namespace nt,
         pg_attribute a

    WHERE nv.oid = v.relnamespace
          AND v.relkind = 'v'
          AND v.oid = dv.refobjid
          AND dv.refclassid = 'pg_catalog.pg_class'::regclass
          AND dv.classid = 'pg_catalog.pg_rewrite'::regclass
          AND dv.deptype = 'i'
          AND dv.objid = dt.objid
          AND dv.refobjid <> dt.refobjid
          AND dt.classid = 'pg_catalog.pg_rewrite'::regclass
          AND dt.refclassid = 'pg_catalog.pg_class'::regclass
          AND dt.refobjid = t.oid
          AND t.relnamespace = nt.oid
          AND t.relkind IN ('r', 'v')
          AND t.oid = a.attrelid
          AND dt.refobjsubid = a.attnum
          AND pg_has_role(t.relowner, 'USAGE');

GRANT SELECT ON view_column_usage TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.74
 * VIEW_ROUTINE_USAGE
 */

CREATE VIEW view_routine_usage AS
    SELECT DISTINCT
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS table_catalog,
           CAST(nv.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS table_schema,
           CAST(v.relname AS sql_identifier) AS table_name,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS specific_catalog,
           CAST(np.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS specific_schema,
           CAST(p.proname || '_' || CAST(p.oid AS text)  AS sql_identifier) AS specific_name

    FROM pg_namespace nv, pg_class v, pg_depend dv,
         pg_depend dp, pg_proc p, pg_namespace np

    WHERE nv.oid = v.relnamespace
          AND v.relkind = 'v'
          AND v.oid = dv.refobjid
          AND dv.refclassid = 'pg_catalog.pg_class'::regclass
          AND dv.classid = 'pg_catalog.pg_rewrite'::regclass
          AND dv.deptype = 'i'
          AND dv.objid = dp.objid
          AND dp.classid = 'pg_catalog.pg_rewrite'::regclass
          AND dp.refclassid = 'pg_catalog.pg_proc'::regclass
          AND dp.refobjid = p.oid
          AND p.pronamespace = np.oid
          AND pg_has_role(p.proowner, 'USAGE');

GRANT SELECT ON view_routine_usage TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.75
 * VIEW_TABLE_USAGE
 */

CREATE VIEW view_table_usage AS
    SELECT DISTINCT
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS view_catalog,
           CAST(nv.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS view_schema,
           CAST(v.relname AS sql_identifier) AS view_name,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS table_catalog,
           CAST(nt.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS table_schema,
           CAST(t.relname AS sql_identifier) AS table_name

    FROM pg_namespace nv, pg_class v, pg_depend dv,
         pg_depend dt, pg_class t, pg_namespace nt

    WHERE nv.oid = v.relnamespace
          AND v.relkind = 'v'
          AND v.oid = dv.refobjid
          AND dv.refclassid = 'pg_catalog.pg_class'::regclass
          AND dv.classid = 'pg_catalog.pg_rewrite'::regclass
          AND dv.deptype = 'i'
          AND dv.objid = dt.objid
          AND dv.refobjid <> dt.refobjid
          AND dt.classid = 'pg_catalog.pg_rewrite'::regclass
          AND dt.refclassid = 'pg_catalog.pg_class'::regclass
          AND dt.refobjid = t.oid
          AND t.relnamespace = nt.oid
          AND t.relkind IN ('r', 'v')
          AND pg_has_role(t.relowner, 'USAGE');

GRANT SELECT ON view_table_usage TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.76
 * VIEWS view
 */

CREATE VIEW views AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS table_catalog,
           CAST(nc.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS table_schema,
           CAST(c.relname AS sql_identifier) AS table_name,

           CAST(
             CASE WHEN pg_has_role(c.relowner, 'USAGE')
                  THEN pg_get_viewdef(c.oid)
                  ELSE null END
             AS character_data) AS view_definition,

           CAST('NONE' AS character_data) AS check_option,

           CAST(
             CASE WHEN EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_rewrite WHERE ev_class = c.oid AND ev_type = '2' AND is_instead)
                   AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_rewrite WHERE ev_class = c.oid AND ev_type = '4' AND is_instead)
                  THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END
             AS character_data) AS is_updatable,

           CAST(
             CASE WHEN EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_rewrite WHERE ev_class = c.oid AND ev_type = '3' AND is_instead)
                  THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END
             AS character_data) AS is_insertable_into

    FROM pg_namespace nc, pg_class c

    WHERE c.relnamespace = nc.oid
          AND c.relkind = 'v'
          AND (NOT pg_is_other_temp_schema(nc.oid))
          AND (pg_has_role(c.relowner, 'USAGE')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'SELECT')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'INSERT')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'UPDATE')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'DELETE')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'TRUNCATE')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'REFERENCES')
               OR has_table_privilege(c.oid, 'TRIGGER') );

GRANT SELECT ON views TO PUBLIC;


-- The following views have dependencies that force them to appear out of order.

/*
 * 5.23
 * DATA_TYPE_PRIVILEGES view
 */

CREATE VIEW data_type_privileges AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS object_catalog,
           CAST(x.objschema AS sql_identifier) AS object_schema,
           CAST(x.objname AS sql_identifier) AS object_name,
           CAST(x.objtype AS character_data) AS object_type,
           CAST(x.objdtdid AS sql_identifier) AS dtd_identifier

    FROM
      (
        SELECT udt_schema, udt_name, 'USER-DEFINED TYPE'::text, dtd_identifier FROM attributes
        UNION ALL
        SELECT table_schema, table_name, 'TABLE'::text, dtd_identifier FROM columns
        UNION ALL
        SELECT domain_schema, domain_name, 'DOMAIN'::text, dtd_identifier FROM domains
        UNION ALL
        SELECT specific_schema, specific_name, 'ROUTINE'::text, dtd_identifier FROM parameters
        UNION ALL
        SELECT specific_schema, specific_name, 'ROUTINE'::text, dtd_identifier FROM routines
      ) AS x (objschema, objname, objtype, objdtdid);

GRANT SELECT ON data_type_privileges TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 5.28
 * ELEMENT_TYPES view
 */

CREATE VIEW element_types AS
    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS object_catalog,
           CAST(n.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS object_schema,
           CAST(x.objname AS sql_identifier) AS object_name,
           CAST(x.objtype AS character_data) AS object_type,
           CAST(x.objdtdid AS sql_identifier) AS collection_type_identifier,
           CAST(
             CASE WHEN nbt.nspname = 'pg_catalog' THEN format_type(bt.oid, null)
                  ELSE 'USER-DEFINED' END AS character_data) AS data_type,

           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS character_maximum_length,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS character_octet_length,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS character_set_name,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS collation_name,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS numeric_precision,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS numeric_precision_radix,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS numeric_scale,
           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS datetime_precision,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS interval_type,
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS interval_precision,
           
           CAST(null AS character_data) AS domain_default, -- XXX maybe a bug in the standard

           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS udt_catalog,
           CAST(nbt.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS udt_schema,
           CAST(bt.typname AS sql_identifier) AS udt_name,

           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_catalog,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_schema,
           CAST(null AS sql_identifier) AS scope_name,

           CAST(null AS cardinal_number) AS maximum_cardinality,
           CAST('a' || CAST(x.objdtdid AS text) AS sql_identifier) AS dtd_identifier

    FROM pg_namespace n, pg_type at, pg_namespace nbt, pg_type bt,
         (
           /* columns */
           SELECT c.relnamespace, CAST(c.relname AS sql_identifier),
                  'TABLE'::text, a.attnum, a.atttypid
           FROM pg_class c, pg_attribute a
           WHERE c.oid = a.attrelid
                 AND c.relkind IN ('r', 'v')
                 AND attnum > 0 AND NOT attisdropped

           UNION ALL

           /* domains */
           SELECT t.typnamespace, CAST(t.typname AS sql_identifier),
                  'DOMAIN'::text, 1, t.typbasetype
           FROM pg_type t
           WHERE t.typtype = 'd'

           UNION ALL

           /* parameters */
           SELECT pronamespace, CAST(proname || '_' || CAST(oid AS text) AS sql_identifier),
                  'ROUTINE'::text, (ss.x).n, (ss.x).x
           FROM (SELECT p.pronamespace, p.proname, p.oid,
                        _pg_expandarray(coalesce(p.proallargtypes, p.proargtypes::oid[])) AS x
                 FROM pg_proc p) AS ss

           UNION ALL

           /* result types */
           SELECT p.pronamespace, CAST(p.proname || '_' || CAST(p.oid AS text) AS sql_identifier),
                  'ROUTINE'::text, 0, p.prorettype
           FROM pg_proc p

         ) AS x (objschema, objname, objtype, objdtdid, objtypeid)

    WHERE n.oid = x.objschema
          AND at.oid = x.objtypeid
          AND (at.typelem <> 0 AND at.typlen = -1)
          AND at.typelem = bt.oid
          AND nbt.oid = bt.typnamespace

          AND (n.nspname, x.objname, x.objtype, CAST(x.objdtdid AS sql_identifier)) IN
              ( SELECT object_schema, object_name, object_type, dtd_identifier
                    FROM data_type_privileges );

GRANT SELECT ON element_types TO PUBLIC;


-- SQL/MED views; these use section numbers from part 9 of the standard.

/* Base view for foreign-data wrappers */
CREATE VIEW _pg_foreign_data_wrappers AS
    SELECT w.oid,
           w.fdwowner,
           w.fdwoptions,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS foreign_data_wrapper_catalog,
           CAST(fdwname AS sql_identifier) AS foreign_data_wrapper_name,
           CAST(u.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS authorization_identifier,
           CAST(fdwlibrary AS character_data) AS library_name,
           CAST('c' AS character_data) AS foreign_data_wrapper_language
    FROM pg_foreign_data_wrapper w, pg_authid u
    WHERE u.oid = w.fdwowner
          AND (pg_has_role(fdwowner, 'USAGE')
               OR has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege(w.oid, 'USAGE'));


/*
 * 24.4
 * FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER_OPTIONS view
 */
CREATE VIEW foreign_data_wrapper_options AS
    SELECT foreign_data_wrapper_catalog,
           foreign_data_wrapper_name,
           CAST((pg_options_to_table(w.fdwoptions)).option_name AS sql_identifier) AS option_name,
           CAST((pg_options_to_table(w.fdwoptions)).option_value AS character_data) AS option_value
    FROM _pg_foreign_data_wrappers w;

GRANT SELECT ON foreign_data_wrapper_options TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 24.5
 * FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPERS view
 */
CREATE VIEW foreign_data_wrappers AS
    SELECT foreign_data_wrapper_catalog,
           foreign_data_wrapper_name,
           authorization_identifier,
           library_name,
           foreign_data_wrapper_language
    FROM _pg_foreign_data_wrappers w;

GRANT SELECT ON foreign_data_wrappers TO PUBLIC;


/* Base view for foreign servers */
CREATE VIEW _pg_foreign_servers AS
    SELECT s.oid,
           s.srvoptions,
           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS foreign_server_catalog,
           CAST(srvname AS sql_identifier) AS foreign_server_name,
           w.foreign_data_wrapper_catalog,
           w.foreign_data_wrapper_name,
           CAST(srvtype AS character_data) AS foreign_server_type,
           CAST(srvversion AS character_data) AS foreign_server_version,
           CAST(u.rolname AS sql_identifier) AS authorization_identifier
    FROM pg_foreign_server s, _pg_foreign_data_wrappers w, pg_authid u
    WHERE w.oid = s.srvfdw
          AND u.oid = s.srvowner
          AND (pg_has_role(s.srvowner, 'USAGE')
               OR has_server_privilege(s.oid, 'USAGE'));


/*
 * 24.6
 * FOREIGN_SERVER_OPTIONS view
 */
CREATE VIEW foreign_server_options AS
    SELECT foreign_server_catalog,
           foreign_server_name,
           CAST((pg_options_to_table(s.srvoptions)).option_name AS sql_identifier) AS option_name,
           CAST((pg_options_to_table(s.srvoptions)).option_value AS character_data) AS option_value
    FROM _pg_foreign_servers s;

GRANT SELECT ON TABLE foreign_server_options TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 24.7
 * FOREIGN_SERVERS view
 */
CREATE VIEW foreign_servers AS
    SELECT foreign_server_catalog,
           foreign_server_name,
           foreign_data_wrapper_catalog,
           foreign_data_wrapper_name,
           foreign_server_type,
           foreign_server_version,
           authorization_identifier
    FROM _pg_foreign_servers;

GRANT SELECT ON foreign_servers TO PUBLIC;


/* Base view for user mappings */
CREATE VIEW _pg_user_mappings AS
    SELECT um.oid,
           um.umoptions,
           CAST(COALESCE(u.rolname,'PUBLIC') AS sql_identifier ) AS authorization_identifier,
           s.foreign_server_catalog,
           s.foreign_server_name
    FROM pg_user_mapping um LEFT JOIN pg_authid u ON (u.oid = um.umuser),
         _pg_foreign_servers s
    WHERE s.oid = um.umserver;


/*
 * 24.12
 * USER_MAPPING_OPTIONS view
 */
CREATE VIEW user_mapping_options AS
    SELECT authorization_identifier,
           foreign_server_catalog,
           foreign_server_name,
           CAST((pg_options_to_table(um.umoptions)).option_name AS sql_identifier) AS option_name,
           CAST((pg_options_to_table(um.umoptions)).option_value AS character_data) AS option_value
    FROM _pg_user_mappings um;

GRANT SELECT ON user_mapping_options TO PUBLIC;


/*
 * 24.13
 * USER_MAPPINGS view
 */
CREATE VIEW user_mappings AS
    SELECT authorization_identifier,
           foreign_server_catalog,
           foreign_server_name
    FROM _pg_user_mappings;

GRANT SELECT ON user_mappings TO PUBLIC;