postgresql/src/test/regress/sql/transactions.sql

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--
-- TRANSACTIONS
--
BEGIN;
SELECT *
INTO TABLE xacttest
FROM aggtest;
INSERT INTO xacttest (a, b) VALUES (777, 777.777);
END;
-- should retrieve one value--
SELECT a FROM xacttest WHERE a > 100;
BEGIN;
CREATE TABLE disappear (a int4);
DELETE FROM aggtest;
-- should be empty
SELECT * FROM aggtest;
ABORT;
-- should not exist
SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'disappear';
-- should have members again
SELECT * FROM aggtest;
-- Read-only tests
CREATE TABLE writetest (a int);
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temptest (a int);
BEGIN;
Implement genuine serializable isolation level. Until now, our Serializable mode has in fact been what's called Snapshot Isolation, which allows some anomalies that could not occur in any serialized ordering of the transactions. This patch fixes that using a method called Serializable Snapshot Isolation, based on research papers by Michael J. Cahill (see README-SSI for full references). In Serializable Snapshot Isolation, transactions run like they do in Snapshot Isolation, but a predicate lock manager observes the reads and writes performed and aborts transactions if it detects that an anomaly might occur. This method produces some false positives, ie. it sometimes aborts transactions even though there is no anomaly. To track reads we implement predicate locking, see storage/lmgr/predicate.c. Whenever a tuple is read, a predicate lock is acquired on the tuple. Shared memory is finite, so when a transaction takes many tuple-level locks on a page, the locks are promoted to a single page-level lock, and further to a single relation level lock if necessary. To lock key values with no matching tuple, a sequential scan always takes a relation-level lock, and an index scan acquires a page-level lock that covers the search key, whether or not there are any matching keys at the moment. A predicate lock doesn't conflict with any regular locks or with another predicate locks in the normal sense. They're only used by the predicate lock manager to detect the danger of anomalies. Only serializable transactions participate in predicate locking, so there should be no extra overhead for for other transactions. Predicate locks can't be released at commit, but must be remembered until all the transactions that overlapped with it have completed. That means that we need to remember an unbounded amount of predicate locks, so we apply a lossy but conservative method of tracking locks for committed transactions. If we run short of shared memory, we overflow to a new "pg_serial" SLRU pool. We don't currently allow Serializable transactions in Hot Standby mode. That would be hard, because even read-only transactions can cause anomalies that wouldn't otherwise occur. Serializable isolation mode now means the new fully serializable level. Repeatable Read gives you the old Snapshot Isolation level that we have always had. Kevin Grittner and Dan Ports, reviewed by Jeff Davis, Heikki Linnakangas and Anssi Kääriäinen
2011-02-07 22:46:51 +01:00
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE, READ ONLY, DEFERRABLE; -- ok
SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; --fail
COMMIT;
BEGIN;
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; -- ok
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
SAVEPOINT x;
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; --fail
COMMIT;
BEGIN;
SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; -- ok
SAVEPOINT x;
SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; -- ok
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; --fail
COMMIT;
BEGIN;
SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; -- ok
SAVEPOINT x;
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT x;
SHOW transaction_read_only; -- off
SAVEPOINT y;
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
RELEASE SAVEPOINT y;
SHOW transaction_read_only; -- off
COMMIT;
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
DROP TABLE writetest; -- fail
INSERT INTO writetest VALUES (1); -- fail
SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
DELETE FROM temptest; -- ok
UPDATE temptest SET a = 0 FROM writetest WHERE temptest.a = 1 AND writetest.a = temptest.a; -- ok
PREPARE test AS UPDATE writetest SET a = 0; -- ok
EXECUTE test; -- fail
SELECT * FROM writetest, temptest; -- ok
CREATE TABLE test AS SELECT * FROM writetest; -- fail
START TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
DROP TABLE writetest; -- ok
COMMIT;
-- Subtransactions, basic tests
-- create & drop tables
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
CREATE TABLE foobar (a int);
BEGIN;
CREATE TABLE foo (a int);
SAVEPOINT one;
DROP TABLE foo;
CREATE TABLE bar (a int);
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
SAVEPOINT two;
CREATE TABLE baz (a int);
RELEASE SAVEPOINT two;
drop TABLE foobar;
CREATE TABLE barbaz (a int);
COMMIT;
-- should exist: barbaz, baz, foo
SELECT * FROM foo; -- should be empty
SELECT * FROM bar; -- shouldn't exist
SELECT * FROM barbaz; -- should be empty
SELECT * FROM baz; -- should be empty
-- inserts
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1);
SAVEPOINT one;
INSERT into bar VALUES (1);
ROLLBACK TO one;
RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
SAVEPOINT two;
INSERT into barbaz VALUES (1);
RELEASE two;
SAVEPOINT three;
SAVEPOINT four;
INSERT INTO foo VALUES (2);
RELEASE SAVEPOINT four;
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT three;
RELEASE SAVEPOINT three;
INSERT INTO foo VALUES (3);
COMMIT;
SELECT * FROM foo; -- should have 1 and 3
SELECT * FROM barbaz; -- should have 1
-- test whole-tree commit
BEGIN;
SAVEPOINT one;
SELECT foo;
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
SAVEPOINT two;
CREATE TABLE savepoints (a int);
SAVEPOINT three;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (1);
SAVEPOINT four;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (2);
SAVEPOINT five;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (3);
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT five;
COMMIT;
COMMIT; -- should not be in a transaction block
SELECT * FROM savepoints;
-- test whole-tree rollback
BEGIN;
SAVEPOINT one;
DELETE FROM savepoints WHERE a=1;
RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
SAVEPOINT two;
DELETE FROM savepoints WHERE a=1;
SAVEPOINT three;
DELETE FROM savepoints WHERE a=2;
ROLLBACK;
COMMIT; -- should not be in a transaction block
SELECT * FROM savepoints;
-- test whole-tree commit on an aborted subtransaction
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (4);
SAVEPOINT one;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (5);
SELECT foo;
COMMIT;
SELECT * FROM savepoints;
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (6);
SAVEPOINT one;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (7);
RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (8);
COMMIT;
-- rows 6 and 8 should have been created by the same xact
SELECT a.xmin = b.xmin FROM savepoints a, savepoints b WHERE a.a=6 AND b.a=8;
-- rows 6 and 7 should have been created by different xacts
SELECT a.xmin = b.xmin FROM savepoints a, savepoints b WHERE a.a=6 AND b.a=7;
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (9);
SAVEPOINT one;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (10);
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (11);
COMMIT;
SELECT a FROM savepoints WHERE a in (9, 10, 11);
-- rows 9 and 11 should have been created by different xacts
SELECT a.xmin = b.xmin FROM savepoints a, savepoints b WHERE a.a=9 AND b.a=11;
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (12);
SAVEPOINT one;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (13);
SAVEPOINT two;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (14);
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (15);
SAVEPOINT two;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (16);
SAVEPOINT three;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (17);
COMMIT;
SELECT a FROM savepoints WHERE a BETWEEN 12 AND 17;
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (18);
SAVEPOINT one;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (19);
SAVEPOINT two;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (20);
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (21);
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (22);
COMMIT;
SELECT a FROM savepoints WHERE a BETWEEN 18 AND 22;
DROP TABLE savepoints;
-- only in a transaction block:
SAVEPOINT one;
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
-- Only "rollback to" allowed in aborted state
BEGIN;
SAVEPOINT one;
SELECT 0/0;
SAVEPOINT two; -- ignored till the end of ...
RELEASE SAVEPOINT one; -- ignored till the end of ...
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
SELECT 1;
COMMIT;
SELECT 1; -- this should work
-- check non-transactional behavior of cursors
BEGIN;
DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT unique2 FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
SAVEPOINT one;
FETCH 10 FROM c;
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
FETCH 10 FROM c;
RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
FETCH 10 FROM c;
CLOSE c;
DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT unique2/0 FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
SAVEPOINT two;
FETCH 10 FROM c;
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT two;
-- c is now dead to the world ...
FETCH 10 FROM c;
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT two;
RELEASE SAVEPOINT two;
FETCH 10 FROM c;
COMMIT;
--
-- Check that "stable" functions are really stable. They should not be
-- able to see the partial results of the calling query. (Ideally we would
-- also check that they don't see commits of concurrent transactions, but
-- that's a mite hard to do within the limitations of pg_regress.)
--
select * from xacttest;
create or replace function max_xacttest() returns smallint language sql as
'select max(a) from xacttest' stable;
begin;
update xacttest set a = max_xacttest() + 10 where a > 0;
select * from xacttest;
rollback;
-- But a volatile function can see the partial results of the calling query
create or replace function max_xacttest() returns smallint language sql as
'select max(a) from xacttest' volatile;
begin;
update xacttest set a = max_xacttest() + 10 where a > 0;
select * from xacttest;
rollback;
-- Now the same test with plpgsql (since it depends on SPI which is different)
create or replace function max_xacttest() returns smallint language plpgsql as
'begin return max(a) from xacttest; end' stable;
begin;
update xacttest set a = max_xacttest() + 10 where a > 0;
select * from xacttest;
rollback;
create or replace function max_xacttest() returns smallint language plpgsql as
'begin return max(a) from xacttest; end' volatile;
begin;
update xacttest set a = max_xacttest() + 10 where a > 0;
select * from xacttest;
rollback;
-- test case for problems with dropping an open relation during abort
BEGIN;
savepoint x;
CREATE TABLE koju (a INT UNIQUE);
INSERT INTO koju VALUES (1);
INSERT INTO koju VALUES (1);
rollback to x;
CREATE TABLE koju (a INT UNIQUE);
INSERT INTO koju VALUES (1);
INSERT INTO koju VALUES (1);
ROLLBACK;
DROP TABLE foo;
DROP TABLE baz;
DROP TABLE barbaz;
-- test case for problems with revalidating an open relation during abort
create function inverse(int) returns float8 as
$$
begin
analyze revalidate_bug;
return 1::float8/$1;
exception
when division_by_zero then return 0;
end$$ language plpgsql volatile;
create table revalidate_bug (c float8 unique);
insert into revalidate_bug values (1);
insert into revalidate_bug values (inverse(0));
drop table revalidate_bug;
drop function inverse(int);
-- verify that cursors created during an aborted subtransaction are
-- closed, but that we do not rollback the effect of any FETCHs
-- performed in the aborted subtransaction
begin;
savepoint x;
create table abc (a int);
insert into abc values (5);
insert into abc values (10);
declare foo cursor for select * from abc;
fetch from foo;
rollback to x;
-- should fail
fetch from foo;
commit;
begin;
create table abc (a int);
insert into abc values (5);
insert into abc values (10);
insert into abc values (15);
declare foo cursor for select * from abc;
fetch from foo;
savepoint x;
fetch from foo;
rollback to x;
fetch from foo;
abort;
Fix subtransaction cleanup after an outer-subtransaction portal fails. Formerly, we treated only portals created in the current subtransaction as having failed during subtransaction abort. However, if the error occurred while running a portal created in an outer subtransaction (ie, a cursor declared before the last savepoint), that has to be considered broken too. To allow reliable detection of which ones those are, add a bookkeeping field to struct Portal that tracks the innermost subtransaction in which each portal has actually been executed. (Without this, we'd end up failing portals containing functions that had called the subtransaction, thereby breaking plpgsql exception blocks completely.) In addition, when we fail an outer-subtransaction Portal, transfer its resources into the subtransaction's resource owner, so that they're released early in cleanup of the subxact. This fixes a problem reported by Jim Nasby in which a function executed in an outer-subtransaction cursor could cause an Assert failure or crash by referencing a relation created within the inner subtransaction. The proximate cause of the Assert failure is that AtEOSubXact_RelationCache assumed it could blow away a relcache entry without first checking that the entry had zero refcount. That was a bad idea on its own terms, so add such a check there, and to the similar coding in AtEOXact_RelationCache. This provides an independent safety measure in case there are still ways to provoke the situation despite the Portal-level changes. This has been broken since subtransactions were invented, so back-patch to all supported branches. Tom Lane and Michael Paquier
2015-09-04 19:36:49 +02:00
-- Test for proper cleanup after a failure in a cursor portal
-- that was created in an outer subtransaction
CREATE FUNCTION invert(x float8) RETURNS float8 LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
$$ begin return 1/x; end $$;
CREATE FUNCTION create_temp_tab() RETURNS text
LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
BEGIN
CREATE TEMP TABLE new_table (f1 float8);
-- case of interest is that we fail while holding an open
-- relcache reference to new_table
INSERT INTO new_table SELECT invert(0.0);
RETURN 'foo';
END $$;
BEGIN;
DECLARE ok CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM int8_tbl;
DECLARE ctt CURSOR FOR SELECT create_temp_tab();
FETCH ok;
SAVEPOINT s1;
FETCH ok; -- should work
FETCH ctt; -- error occurs here
ROLLBACK TO s1;
FETCH ok; -- should work
FETCH ctt; -- must be rejected
COMMIT;
DROP FUNCTION create_temp_tab();
DROP FUNCTION invert(x float8);
-- Test for successful cleanup of an aborted transaction at session exit.
-- THIS MUST BE THE LAST TEST IN THIS FILE.
begin;
select 1/0;
rollback to X;
-- DO NOT ADD ANYTHING HERE.