postgresql/src/test/regress/expected/collate.out

/*
 * This test is intended to pass on all platforms supported by Postgres.
 * We can therefore only assume that the default, C, and POSIX collations
 * are available --- and since the regression tests are often run in a
 * C-locale database, these may well all have the same behavior.  But
 * fortunately, the system doesn't know that and will treat them as
 * incompatible collations.  It is therefore at least possible to test
 * parser behaviors such as collation conflict resolution.  This test will,
 * however, be more revealing when run in a database with non-C locale,
 * since any departure from C sorting behavior will show as a failure.
 */
CREATE SCHEMA collate_tests;
SET search_path = collate_tests;
CREATE TABLE collate_test1 (
    a int,
    b text COLLATE "C" NOT NULL
);
\d collate_test1
        Table "collate_tests.collate_test1"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
 a      | integer |           |          | 
 b      | text    | C         | not null | 

CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
    a int COLLATE "C",
    b text
);
ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
LINE 2:     a int COLLATE "C",
                  ^
CREATE TABLE collate_test_like (
    LIKE collate_test1
);
\d collate_test_like
      Table "collate_tests.collate_test_like"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
 a      | integer |           |          | 
 b      | text    | C         | not null | 

CREATE TABLE collate_test2 (
    a int,
    b text COLLATE "POSIX"
);
INSERT INTO collate_test1 VALUES (1, 'abc'), (2, 'Abc'), (3, 'bbc'), (4, 'ABD');
INSERT INTO collate_test2 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'abc';
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(2 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b >= 'abc' COLLATE "C";
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(2 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'abc' COLLATE "C";
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(2 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "POSIX"; -- fail
ERROR:  collation mismatch between explicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
LINE 1: ...* FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "P...
                                                             ^
CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_p AS text COLLATE "POSIX";
CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_i AS int COLLATE "POSIX"; -- fail
ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
CREATE TABLE collate_test4 (
    a int,
    b testdomain_p
);
INSERT INTO collate_test4 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
SELECT a, b FROM collate_test4 ORDER BY b;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

CREATE TABLE collate_test5 (
    a int,
    b testdomain_p COLLATE "C"
);
INSERT INTO collate_test5 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
SELECT a, b FROM collate_test5 ORDER BY b;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

-- star expansion
SELECT * FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT * FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

-- constant expression folding
SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "C" > 'Abc' COLLATE "C" AS "true";
 true 
------
 t
(1 row)

SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "POSIX" < 'Abc' COLLATE "POSIX" AS "false";
 false 
-------
 f
(1 row)

-- upper/lower
CREATE TABLE collate_test10 (
    a int,
    x text COLLATE "C",
    y text COLLATE "POSIX"
);
INSERT INTO collate_test10 VALUES (1, 'hij', 'hij'), (2, 'HIJ', 'HIJ');
SELECT a, lower(x), lower(y), upper(x), upper(y), initcap(x), initcap(y) FROM collate_test10;
 a | lower | lower | upper | upper | initcap | initcap 
---+-------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------
 1 | hij   | hij   | HIJ   | HIJ   | Hij     | Hij
 2 | hij   | hij   | HIJ   | HIJ   | Hij     | Hij
(2 rows)

SELECT a, lower(x COLLATE "C"), lower(y COLLATE "C") FROM collate_test10;
 a | lower | lower 
---+-------+-------
 1 | hij   | hij
 2 | hij   | hij
(2 rows)

SELECT a, x, y FROM collate_test10 ORDER BY lower(y), a;
 a |  x  |  y  
---+-----+-----
 1 | hij | hij
 2 | HIJ | HIJ
(2 rows)

-- backwards parsing
CREATE VIEW collview1 AS SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc';
CREATE VIEW collview2 AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
CREATE VIEW collview3 AS SELECT a, lower((x || x) COLLATE "POSIX") FROM collate_test10;
SELECT table_name, view_definition FROM information_schema.views
  WHERE table_name LIKE 'collview%' ORDER BY 1;
 table_name |                               view_definition                                
------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 collview1  |  SELECT collate_test1.a,                                                    +
            |     collate_test1.b                                                         +
            |    FROM collate_test1                                                       +
            |   WHERE ((collate_test1.b COLLATE "C") >= 'bbc'::text);
 collview2  |  SELECT collate_test1.a,                                                    +
            |     collate_test1.b                                                         +
            |    FROM collate_test1                                                       +
            |   ORDER BY (collate_test1.b COLLATE "C");
 collview3  |  SELECT collate_test10.a,                                                   +
            |     lower(((collate_test10.x || collate_test10.x) COLLATE "POSIX")) AS lower+
            |    FROM collate_test10;
(3 rows)

-- collation propagation in various expression types
SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
 a | coalesce 
---+----------
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
 a | coalesce 
---+----------
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, lower(coalesce(x, 'foo')), lower(coalesce(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
 a | lower | lower 
---+-------+-------
 1 | hij   | hij
 2 | hij   | hij
(2 rows)

SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 3;
 a |  b  | greatest 
---+-----+----------
 2 | Abc | CCC
 4 | ABD | CCC
 1 | abc | abc
 3 | bbc | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 3;
 a |  b  | greatest 
---+-----+----------
 2 | Abc | CCC
 4 | ABD | CCC
 1 | abc | abc
 3 | bbc | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, x, y, lower(greatest(x, 'foo')), lower(greatest(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
 a |  x  |  y  | lower | lower 
---+-----+-----+-------+-------
 1 | hij | hij | hij   | hij
 2 | HIJ | HIJ | foo   | foo
(2 rows)

SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
 a | nullif 
---+--------
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 3 | bbc
 1 | 
(4 rows)

SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
 a | nullif 
---+--------
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 3 | bbc
 1 | 
(4 rows)

SELECT a, lower(nullif(x, 'foo')), lower(nullif(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
 a | lower | lower 
---+-------+-------
 1 | hij   | hij
 2 | hij   | hij
(2 rows)

SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b   
---+------
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abcd
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b   
---+------
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abcd
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

CREATE DOMAIN testdomain AS text;
SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b::testdomain_p FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, lower(x::testdomain), lower(y::testdomain) FROM collate_test10;
 a | lower | lower 
---+-------+-------
 1 | hij   | hij
 2 | hij   | hij
(2 rows)

SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test1;
 min | max 
-----+-----
 ABD | bbc
(1 row)

SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test2;
 min | max 
-----+-----
 ABD | bbc
(1 row)

SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1;
     array_agg     
-------------------
 {ABD,Abc,abc,bbc}
(1 row)

SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2;
     array_agg     
-------------------
 {ABD,Abc,abc,bbc}
(1 row)

-- In aggregates, ORDER BY expressions don't affect aggregate's collation
SELECT string_agg(x COLLATE "C", y COLLATE "POSIX") FROM collate_test10;  -- fail
ERROR:  collation mismatch between explicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
LINE 1: SELECT string_agg(x COLLATE "C", y COLLATE "POSIX") FROM col...
                                           ^
SELECT array_agg(x COLLATE "C" ORDER BY y COLLATE "POSIX") FROM collate_test10;
 array_agg 
-----------
 {HIJ,hij}
(1 row)

SELECT array_agg(a ORDER BY x COLLATE "C", y COLLATE "POSIX") FROM collate_test10;
 array_agg 
-----------
 {2,1}
(1 row)

SELECT array_agg(a ORDER BY x||y) FROM collate_test10;  -- fail
ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
LINE 1: SELECT array_agg(a ORDER BY x||y) FROM collate_test10;
                                       ^
HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
 3 | bbc
(8 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 WHERE a < 4 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 WHERE a > 1 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 2 | Abc
 3 | bbc
(2 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 WHERE a < 2 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 3 | bbc
(3 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
ERROR:  could not determine which collation to use for string comparison
HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2; -- ok
 a |  b  
---+-----
 1 | abc
 2 | Abc
 3 | bbc
 4 | ABD
 1 | abc
 2 | Abc
 3 | bbc
 4 | ABD
(8 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
LINE 1: SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collat...
                                                       ^
HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
SELECT a, b COLLATE "C" FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- ok
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
LINE 1: ...ELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM col...
                                                             ^
HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
LINE 1: SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM colla...
                                                        ^
HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
CREATE TABLE test_u AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2; -- fail
ERROR:  no collation was derived for column "b" with collatable type text
HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
-- ideally this would be a parse-time error, but for now it must be run-time:
select x < y from collate_test10; -- fail
ERROR:  could not determine which collation to use for string comparison
HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
select x || y from collate_test10; -- ok, because || is not collation aware
 ?column? 
----------
 hijhij
 HIJHIJ
(2 rows)

select x, y from collate_test10 order by x || y; -- not so ok
ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
LINE 1: select x, y from collate_test10 order by x || y;
                                                      ^
HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
-- collation mismatch between recursive and non-recursive term
WITH RECURSIVE foo(x) AS
   (SELECT x FROM (VALUES('a' COLLATE "C"),('b')) t(x)
   UNION ALL
   SELECT (x || 'c') COLLATE "POSIX" FROM foo WHERE length(x) < 10)
SELECT * FROM foo;
ERROR:  recursive query "foo" column 1 has collation "C" in non-recursive term but collation "POSIX" overall
LINE 2:    (SELECT x FROM (VALUES('a' COLLATE "C"),('b')) t(x)
                   ^
HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation of the non-recursive term.
SELECT a, b, a < b as lt FROM
  (VALUES ('a', 'B'), ('A', 'b' COLLATE "C")) v(a,b);
 a | b | lt 
---+---+----
 a | B | f
 A | b | t
(2 rows)

-- casting
SELECT CAST('42' AS text COLLATE "C");
ERROR:  syntax error at or near "COLLATE"
LINE 1: SELECT CAST('42' AS text COLLATE "C");
                                 ^
SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
 a |  b  
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

-- polymorphism
SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1)) ORDER BY 1;
 unnest 
--------
 ABD
 Abc
 abc
 bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2)) ORDER BY 1;
 unnest 
--------
 ABD
 Abc
 abc
 bbc
(4 rows)

CREATE FUNCTION dup (anyelement) RETURNS anyelement
    AS 'select $1' LANGUAGE sql;
SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
 a | dup 
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
 a | dup 
---+-----
 4 | ABD
 2 | Abc
 1 | abc
 3 | bbc
(4 rows)

-- indexes
CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx1 ON collate_test1 (b);
CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx2 ON collate_test1 (b COLLATE "POSIX");
CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx3 ON collate_test1 ((b COLLATE "POSIX")); -- this is different grammatically
CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx4 ON collate_test1 (((b||'foo') COLLATE "POSIX"));
CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx5 ON collate_test1 (a COLLATE "POSIX"); -- fail
ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx6 ON collate_test1 ((a COLLATE "POSIX")); -- fail
ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
LINE 1: ...ATE INDEX collate_test1_idx6 ON collate_test1 ((a COLLATE "P...
                                                             ^
SELECT relname, pg_get_indexdef(oid) FROM pg_class WHERE relname LIKE 'collate_test%_idx%' ORDER BY 1;
      relname       |                                           pg_get_indexdef                                           
--------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 collate_test1_idx1 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx1 ON collate_test1 USING btree (b)
 collate_test1_idx2 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx2 ON collate_test1 USING btree (b COLLATE "POSIX")
 collate_test1_idx3 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx3 ON collate_test1 USING btree (b COLLATE "POSIX")
 collate_test1_idx4 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx4 ON collate_test1 USING btree (((b || 'foo'::text)) COLLATE "POSIX")
(4 rows)

-- foreign keys
-- force indexes and mergejoins to be used for FK checking queries,
-- else they might not exercise collation-dependent operators
SET enable_seqscan TO 0;
SET enable_hashjoin TO 0;
SET enable_nestloop TO 0;
CREATE TABLE collate_test20 (f1 text COLLATE "C" PRIMARY KEY);
INSERT INTO collate_test20 VALUES ('foo'), ('bar');
CREATE TABLE collate_test21 (f2 text COLLATE "POSIX" REFERENCES collate_test20);
INSERT INTO collate_test21 VALUES ('foo'), ('bar');
INSERT INTO collate_test21 VALUES ('baz'); -- fail
ERROR:  insert or update on table "collate_test21" violates foreign key constraint "collate_test21_f2_fkey"
DETAIL:  Key (f2)=(baz) is not present in table "collate_test20".
CREATE TABLE collate_test22 (f2 text COLLATE "POSIX");
INSERT INTO collate_test22 VALUES ('foo'), ('bar'), ('baz');
ALTER TABLE collate_test22 ADD FOREIGN KEY (f2) REFERENCES collate_test20; -- fail
ERROR:  insert or update on table "collate_test22" violates foreign key constraint "collate_test22_f2_fkey"
DETAIL:  Key (f2)=(baz) is not present in table "collate_test20".
DELETE FROM collate_test22 WHERE f2 = 'baz';
ALTER TABLE collate_test22 ADD FOREIGN KEY (f2) REFERENCES collate_test20;
RESET enable_seqscan;
RESET enable_hashjoin;
RESET enable_nestloop;
-- EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
  SELECT * FROM collate_test10 ORDER BY x, y;
                  QUERY PLAN                  
----------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Sort Key: x COLLATE "C", y COLLATE "POSIX"
   ->  Seq Scan on collate_test10
(3 rows)

EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
  SELECT * FROM collate_test10 ORDER BY x DESC, y COLLATE "C" ASC NULLS FIRST;
                        QUERY PLAN                         
-----------------------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Sort Key: x COLLATE "C" DESC, y COLLATE "C" NULLS FIRST
   ->  Seq Scan on collate_test10
(3 rows)

-- CREATE/DROP COLLATION
CREATE COLLATION mycoll1 FROM "C";
CREATE COLLATION mycoll2 ( LC_COLLATE = "POSIX", LC_CTYPE = "POSIX" );
CREATE COLLATION mycoll3 FROM "default";  -- intentionally unsupported
ERROR:  collation "default" cannot be copied
DROP COLLATION mycoll1;
CREATE TABLE collate_test23 (f1 text collate mycoll2);
DROP COLLATION mycoll2;  -- fail
ERROR:  cannot drop collation mycoll2 because other objects depend on it
DETAIL:  table collate_test23 column f1 depends on collation mycoll2
HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
-- 9.1 bug with useless COLLATE in an expression subject to length coercion
CREATE TEMP TABLE vctable (f1 varchar(25));
INSERT INTO vctable VALUES ('foo' COLLATE "C");
SELECT collation for ('foo'); -- unknown type - null
 pg_collation_for 
------------------
 
(1 row)

SELECT collation for ('foo'::text);
 pg_collation_for 
------------------
 "default"
(1 row)

SELECT collation for ((SELECT a FROM collate_test1 LIMIT 1)); -- non-collatable type - error
ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
SELECT collation for ((SELECT b FROM collate_test1 LIMIT 1));
 pg_collation_for 
------------------
 "C"
(1 row)

--
-- Clean up.  Many of these table names will be re-used if the user is
-- trying to run any platform-specific collation tests later, so we
-- must get rid of them.
--
\set VERBOSITY terse
DROP SCHEMA collate_tests CASCADE;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to 17 other objects