postgresql/src/include/storage/s_lock.h

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * s_lock.h
 *	   Hardware-dependent implementation of spinlocks.
 *
 *	NOTE: none of the macros in this file are intended to be called directly.
 *	Call them through the hardware-independent macros in spin.h.
 *
 *	The following hardware-dependent macros must be provided for each
 *	supported platform:
 *
 *	void S_INIT_LOCK(slock_t *lock)
 *		Initialize a spinlock (to the unlocked state).
 *
 *	void S_LOCK(slock_t *lock)
 *		Acquire a spinlock, waiting if necessary.
 *		Time out and abort() if unable to acquire the lock in a
 *		"reasonable" amount of time --- typically ~ 1 minute.
 *
 *	void S_UNLOCK(slock_t *lock)
 *		Unlock a previously acquired lock.
 *
 *	bool S_LOCK_FREE(slock_t *lock)
 *		Tests if the lock is free. Returns TRUE if free, FALSE if locked.
 *		This does *not* change the state of the lock.
 *
 *	Note to implementors: there are default implementations for all these
 *	macros at the bottom of the file.  Check if your platform can use
 *	these or needs to override them.
 *
 *  Usually, S_LOCK() is implemented in terms of an even lower-level macro
 *	TAS():
 *
 *	int TAS(slock_t *lock)
 *		Atomic test-and-set instruction.  Attempt to acquire the lock,
 *		but do *not* wait.	Returns 0 if successful, nonzero if unable
 *		to acquire the lock.
 *
 *	TAS() is NOT part of the API, and should never be called directly.
 *
 *	CAUTION: on some platforms TAS() may sometimes report failure to acquire
 *	a lock even when the lock is not locked.  For example, on Alpha TAS()
 *	will "fail" if interrupted.  Therefore TAS() should always be invoked
 *	in a retry loop, even if you are certain the lock is free.
 *
 *	ANOTHER CAUTION: be sure that TAS() and S_UNLOCK() represent sequence
 *	points, ie, loads and stores of other values must not be moved across
 *	a lock or unlock.  In most cases it suffices to make the operation be
 *	done through a "volatile" pointer.
 *
 *	On most supported platforms, TAS() uses a tas() function written
 *	in assembly language to execute a hardware atomic-test-and-set
 *	instruction.  Equivalent OS-supplied mutex routines could be used too.
 *
 *	If no system-specific TAS() is available (ie, HAS_TEST_AND_SET is not
 *	defined), then we fall back on an emulation that uses SysV semaphores
 *	(see spin.c).  This emulation will be MUCH MUCH slower than a proper TAS()
 *	implementation, because of the cost of a kernel call per lock or unlock.
 *	An old report is that Postgres spends around 40% of its time in semop(2)
 *	when using the SysV semaphore code.
 *
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *	  $Id: s_lock.h,v 1.104 2003/04/04 05:32:30 tgl Exp $
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#ifndef S_LOCK_H
#define S_LOCK_H

#include "storage/pg_sema.h"


#if defined(HAS_TEST_AND_SET)


#if defined(__GNUC__)
/*************************************************************************
 * All the gcc inlines
 */

/*
 * Standard gcc asm format:
 *
	__asm__ __volatile__(
		"	command	\n"
		"	command	\n"
		"	command	\n"
:		"=r"(_res)			return value, in register
:		"r"(lock)			argument, 'lock pointer', in register
:		"r0");				inline code uses this register
 */


#if defined(__i386__)
#define TAS(lock) tas(lock)

static __inline__ int
tas(volatile slock_t *lock)
{
	register slock_t _res = 1;

	__asm__ __volatile__(
		"	lock			\n"
		"	xchgb	%0,%1	\n"
:		"=q"(_res), "=m"(*lock)
:		"0"(_res));
	return (int) _res;
}

#endif	 /* __i386__ */


#ifdef __ia64__
#define TAS(lock) tas(lock)

static __inline__ int
tas(volatile slock_t *lock)
{
	long int	ret;

	__asm__ __volatile__(
		"	xchg4 	%0=%1,%2	\n"
:		"=r"(ret), "=m"(*lock)
:		"r"(1), "1"(*lock)
:		"memory");

	return (int) ret;
}

#endif	 /* __ia64__ */


#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm__)
#define TAS(lock) tas(lock)

static __inline__ int
tas(volatile slock_t *lock)
{
	register slock_t _res = 1;

	__asm__ __volatile__(
		"	swpb 	%0, %0, [%3]	\n"
:		"=r"(_res), "=m"(*lock)
:		"0"(_res), "r"(lock));
	return (int) _res;
}

#endif	 /* __arm__ */


#if defined(__s390__) && !defined(__s390x__)
/*
 * S/390 Linux
 */
#define TAS(lock)	   tas(lock)

static __inline__ int
tas(volatile slock_t *lock)
{
	int			_res;

	__asm__	__volatile__(
		"	la	1,1			\n"
		"	l 	2,%2		\n"
		"	slr 0,0			\n"
		"	cs 	0,1,0(2)	\n"
		"	lr 	%1,0		\n"
:		"=m"(lock), "=d"(_res)
:		"m"(lock)
:		"0", "1", "2");

	return (_res);
}

#endif	 /* __s390__ */

#if defined(__s390x__)
/*
 * S/390x Linux (64-bit zSeries)
 */
#define TAS(lock)	   tas(lock)

static __inline__ int
tas(volatile slock_t *lock)
{
	int			_res;

	__asm__	__volatile__(
		"	la	1,1			\n"
		"	lg 	2,%2		\n"
		"	slr 0,0			\n"
		"	cs 	0,1,0(2)	\n"
		"	lr 	%1,0		\n"
:		"=m"(lock), "=d"(_res)
:		"m"(lock)
:		"0", "1", "2");

	return (_res);
}

#endif	 /* __s390x__ */


#if defined(__sparc__)
#define TAS(lock) tas(lock)

static __inline__ int
tas(volatile slock_t *lock)
{
	register slock_t _res = 1;

	__asm__ __volatile__(
		"	ldstub	[%2], %0	\n"
:		"=r"(_res), "=m"(*lock)
:		"r"(lock));
	return (int) _res;
}

#endif	 /* __sparc__ */

#if defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
static __inline__ int
tas(volatile slock_t *lock)
{
	slock_t _t;
	int _res;

	__asm__ __volatile__(
"	lwarx   %0,0,%3		\n"
"	cmpwi   %0,0		\n"
"	bne     1f			\n"
"	addi    %0,%0,1		\n"
"	stwcx.  %0,0,%3		\n"
"	beq     2f         	\n"
"1:	li      %2,1		\n"
"	b		3f			\n"
"2:						\n"
"	isync				\n"
"	li      %2,0		\n"
"3:						\n"

:	"=&r" (_t), "=m" (lock), "=r" (_res)
:	"r" (lock)
:	"cc", "memory"
	);
	return _res;
}
#endif


#if defined(__mc68000__) && defined(__linux__)
#define TAS(lock) tas(lock)

static __inline__ int
tas(volatile slock_t *lock)
{
	register int rv;

	__asm__	__volatile__(
		"	clrl	%0		\n"
		"	tas		%1		\n"
		"	sne		%0		\n"
:		"=d"(rv), "=m"(*lock)
:		"1"(*lock)
:		"cc");

	return rv;
}

#endif	 /* defined(__mc68000__) && defined(__linux__) */


#if defined(__ppc__) || defined(__powerpc__)
/*
 * We currently use out-of-line assembler for TAS on PowerPC; see s_lock.c.
 * S_UNLOCK is almost standard but requires a "sync" instruction.
 */
#define S_UNLOCK(lock)	\
do \
{\
	__asm__ __volatile__ ("	sync \n"); \
	*((volatile slock_t *) (lock)) = 0; \
} while (0)

#endif /* defined(__ppc__) || defined(__powerpc__) */


#if defined(NEED_VAX_TAS_ASM)
/*
 * VAXen -- even multiprocessor ones
 * (thanks to Tom Ivar Helbekkmo)
 */
#define TAS(lock) tas(lock)

static __inline__ int
tas(volatile slock_t *lock)
{
	register int	_res;

	__asm__ __volatile__(
		"	movl 	$1, r0			\n"
		"	bbssi	$0, (%1), 1f	\n"
		"	clrl	r0				\n"
		"1:	movl	r0, %0			\n"
:		"=r"(_res)
:		"r"(lock)
:		"r0");
	return _res;
}

#endif	 /* NEED_VAX_TAS_ASM */


#if defined(NEED_NS32K_TAS_ASM)
#define TAS(lock) tas(lock)

static __inline__ int
tas(volatile slock_t *lock)
{
	register int	_res;

	__asm__ __volatile__(
		"	sbitb	0, %0	\n"
		"	sfsd	%1		\n"
:		"=m"(*lock), "=r"(_res));
	return _res;
}

#endif	 /* NEED_NS32K_TAS_ASM */



#else							/* !__GNUC__ */

/***************************************************************************
 * All non-gcc inlines
 */

#if defined(NEED_I386_TAS_ASM) && defined(USE_UNIVEL_CC)
#define TAS(lock)	tas(lock)

asm int
tas(volatile slock_t *s_lock)
{
/* UNIVEL wants %mem in column 1, so we don't pg_indent this file */
%mem s_lock
	pushl %ebx
	movl s_lock, %ebx
	movl $255, %eax
	lock
	xchgb %al, (%ebx)
	popl %ebx
}

#endif	 /* defined(NEED_I386_TAS_ASM) && defined(USE_UNIVEL_CC) */

#endif	 /* defined(__GNUC__) */



/*************************************************************************
 * These are the platforms that do not use inline assembler (and hence
 * have common code for gcc and non-gcc compilers, if both are available).
 */


#if defined(__alpha)

/*
 * Correct multi-processor locking methods are explained in section 5.5.3
 * of the Alpha AXP Architecture Handbook, which at this writing can be
 * found at ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/misc/dec-docs/index.html.
 * For gcc we implement the handbook's code directly with inline assembler.
 */
#if defined(__GNUC__)

#define TAS(lock)  tas(lock)
#define S_UNLOCK(lock)	\
do \
{\
	__asm__ __volatile__ ("	mb \n"); \
	*((volatile slock_t *) (lock)) = 0; \
} while (0)

static __inline__ int
tas(volatile slock_t *lock)
{
	register slock_t _res;

	__asm__	__volatile__(
		"	ldq		$0, %0	\n"
		"	bne		$0, 2f	\n"
		"	ldq_l	%1, %0	\n"
		"	bne		%1, 2f	\n"
		"	mov		1,  $0	\n"
		"	stq_c	$0, %0	\n"
		"	beq		$0, 2f	\n"
		"	mb				\n"
		"	br		3f		\n"
		"2:	mov		1, %1	\n"
		"3:					\n"
:		"=m"(*lock), "=r"(_res)
:
:		"0");

	return (int) _res;
}

#else							/* !defined(__GNUC__) */

/*
 * The Tru64 compiler doesn't support gcc-style inline asm, but it does
 * have some builtin functions that accomplish much the same results.
 * For simplicity, slock_t is defined as long (ie, quadword) on Alpha
 * regardless of the compiler in use.  LOCK_LONG and UNLOCK_LONG only
 * operate on an int (ie, longword), but that's OK as long as we define
 * S_INIT_LOCK to zero out the whole quadword.
 */

#include <alpha/builtins.h>

#define S_INIT_LOCK(lock)  (*(lock) = 0)
#define TAS(lock)		   (__LOCK_LONG_RETRY((lock), 1) == 0)
#define S_UNLOCK(lock)	   __UNLOCK_LONG(lock)

#endif	 /* defined(__GNUC__) */

#endif	 /* __alpha */


#if defined(__hpux)
/*
 * HP-UX (PA-RISC)
 *
 * Note that slock_t on PA-RISC is a structure instead of char
 * (see include/port/hpux.h).
 *
 * a "set" slock_t has a single word cleared.  a "clear" slock_t has
 * all words set to non-zero. tas() is in tas.s
 */

#define S_UNLOCK(lock) \
	do { \
		volatile slock_t *lock_ = (volatile slock_t *) (lock); \
		lock_->sema[0] = -1; \
		lock_->sema[1] = -1; \
		lock_->sema[2] = -1; \
		lock_->sema[3] = -1; \
	} while (0)

#define S_LOCK_FREE(lock)	( *(int *) (((long) (lock) + 15) & ~15) != 0)

#endif	 /* __hpux */

#if defined(__QNX__) && defined(__WATCOMC__)
/*
 * QNX 4 using WATCOM C
 */
#define TAS(lock) wc_tas(lock)
extern slock_t wc_tas(volatile slock_t *lock);
#pragma aux wc_tas =\
		"	mov   al,1    " \
		" lock	xchg	al,[esi]" \
		parm [esi]        \
		value [al];

#endif	 /* __QNX__ and __WATCOMC__*/


#if defined(__sgi)
/*
 * SGI IRIX 5
 * slock_t is defined as a unsigned long. We use the standard SGI
 * mutex API.
 *
 * The following comment is left for historical reasons, but is probably
 * not a good idea since the mutex ABI is supported.
 *
 * This stuff may be supplemented in the future with Masato Kataoka's MIPS-II
 * assembly from his NECEWS SVR4 port, but we probably ought to retain this
 * for the R3000 chips out there.
 */
#include "mutex.h"
#define TAS(lock)	(test_and_set(lock,1))
#define S_UNLOCK(lock)	(test_then_and(lock,0))
#define S_INIT_LOCK(lock)	(test_then_and(lock,0))
#define S_LOCK_FREE(lock)	(test_then_add(lock,0) == 0)
#endif	 /* __sgi */

#if defined(sinix)
/*
 * SINIX / Reliant UNIX
 * slock_t is defined as a struct abilock_t, which has a single unsigned long
 * member. (Basically same as SGI)
 *
 */
#define TAS(lock)	(!acquire_lock(lock))
#define S_UNLOCK(lock)	release_lock(lock)
#define S_INIT_LOCK(lock)	init_lock(lock)
#define S_LOCK_FREE(lock)	(stat_lock(lock) == UNLOCKED)
#endif	 /* sinix */


#if defined(_AIX)
/*
 * AIX (POWER)
 *
 * Note that slock_t on POWER/POWER2/PowerPC is int instead of char
 */
#define TAS(lock)			_check_lock(lock, 0, 1)
#define S_UNLOCK(lock)		_clear_lock(lock, 0)
#endif	 /* _AIX */


#if defined (nextstep)
/*
 * NEXTSTEP (mach)
 * slock_t is defined as a struct mutex.
 */

#define S_LOCK(lock)	mutex_lock(lock)
#define S_UNLOCK(lock)	mutex_unlock(lock)
#define S_INIT_LOCK(lock)	mutex_init(lock)
/* For Mach, we have to delve inside the entrails of `struct mutex'.  Ick! */
#define S_LOCK_FREE(alock)	((alock)->lock == 0)
#endif	 /* nextstep */



#else							/* !HAS_TEST_AND_SET */

/*
 * Fake spinlock implementation using semaphores --- slow and prone
 * to fall foul of kernel limits on number of semaphores, so don't use this
 * unless you must!  The subroutines appear in spin.c.
 */
typedef PGSemaphoreData slock_t;

extern bool s_lock_free_sema(volatile slock_t *lock);
extern void s_unlock_sema(volatile slock_t *lock);
extern void s_init_lock_sema(volatile slock_t *lock);
extern int	tas_sema(volatile slock_t *lock);

#define S_LOCK_FREE(lock)	s_lock_free_sema(lock)
#define S_UNLOCK(lock)	 s_unlock_sema(lock)
#define S_INIT_LOCK(lock)	s_init_lock_sema(lock)
#define TAS(lock)	tas_sema(lock)

#endif	 /* HAS_TEST_AND_SET */



/*
 * Default Definitions - override these above as needed.
 */

#if !defined(S_LOCK)
#define S_LOCK(lock) \
	do { \
		if (TAS(lock)) \
			s_lock((lock), __FILE__, __LINE__); \
	} while (0)
#endif	 /* S_LOCK */

#if !defined(S_LOCK_FREE)
#define S_LOCK_FREE(lock)	(*(lock) == 0)
#endif	 /* S_LOCK_FREE */

#if !defined(S_UNLOCK)
#define S_UNLOCK(lock)		(*((volatile slock_t *) (lock)) = 0)
#endif	 /* S_UNLOCK */

#if !defined(S_INIT_LOCK)
#define S_INIT_LOCK(lock)	S_UNLOCK(lock)
#endif	 /* S_INIT_LOCK */

#if !defined(TAS)
extern int	tas(volatile slock_t *lock);		/* in port/.../tas.s, or
												 * s_lock.c */

#define TAS(lock)		tas(lock)
#endif	 /* TAS */


/*
 * Platform-independent out-of-line support routines
 */
extern void s_lock(volatile slock_t *lock, const char *file, int line);

#endif	 /* S_LOCK_H */