diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 91e99d059f..932c32a5a1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -12403,11 +12403,19 @@ WaitForWALToBecomeAvailable(XLogRecPtr RecPtr, bool randAccess,
 						 * pg_wal by now.  Use XLOG_FROM_STREAM so that source
 						 * info is set correctly and XLogReceiptTime isn't
 						 * changed.
+						 *
+						 * NB: We must set readTimeLineHistory based on
+						 * recoveryTargetTLI, not receiveTLI. Normally they'll
+						 * be the same, but if recovery_target_timeline is
+						 * 'latest' and archiving is configured, then it's
+						 * possible that we managed to retrieve one or more
+						 * new timeline history files from the archive,
+						 * updating recoveryTargetTLI.
 						 */
 						if (readFile < 0)
 						{
 							if (!expectedTLEs)
-								expectedTLEs = readTimeLineHistory(receiveTLI);
+								expectedTLEs = readTimeLineHistory(recoveryTargetTLI);
 							readFile = XLogFileRead(readSegNo, PANIC,
 													receiveTLI,
 													XLOG_FROM_STREAM, false);
diff --git a/src/test/recovery/t/025_stuck_on_old_timeline.pl b/src/test/recovery/t/025_stuck_on_old_timeline.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d96bb3c15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/recovery/t/025_stuck_on_old_timeline.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+
+# Copyright (c) 2021, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+
+# Testing streaming replication where standby is promoted and a new cascading
+# standby (without WAL) is connected to the promoted standby.  Both archiving
+# and streaming are enabled, but only the history file is available from the
+# archive, so the WAL files all have to be streamed.  Test that the cascading
+# standby can follow the new primary (promoted standby).
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use PostgresNode;
+use TestLib;
+use FindBin;
+use Test::More tests => 1;
+
+# Initialize primary node
+my $node_primary = get_new_node('primary');
+
+# Set up an archive command that will copy the history file but not the WAL
+# files. No real archive command should behave this way; the point is to
+# simulate a race condition where the new cascading standby starts up after
+# the timeline history file reaches the archive but before any of the WAL files
+# get there.
+$node_primary->init(allows_streaming => 1, has_archiving => 1);
+my $perlbin = $^X;
+$perlbin =~ s{\\}{\\\\}g if ($TestLib::windows_os);
+my $archivedir_primary = $node_primary->archive_dir;
+$node_primary->append_conf('postgresql.conf', qq(
+archive_command = '$perlbin "$FindBin::RealBin/cp_history_files" "%p" "$archivedir_primary/%f"'
+));
+$node_primary->start;
+
+# Take backup from primary
+my $backup_name = 'my_backup';
+$node_primary->backup($backup_name);
+
+# Create streaming standby linking to primary
+my $node_standby = get_new_node('standby');
+$node_standby->init_from_backup($node_primary, $backup_name,
+	allows_streaming => 1, has_streaming => 1, has_archiving => 1);
+$node_standby->start;
+
+# Take backup of standby, use -Xnone so that pg_wal is empty.
+$node_standby->backup($backup_name, backup_options => ['-Xnone']);
+
+# Create cascading standby but don't start it yet.
+# Must set up both streaming and archiving.
+my $node_cascade = get_new_node('cascade');
+$node_cascade->init_from_backup($node_standby, $backup_name,
+	has_streaming => 1);
+$node_cascade->enable_restoring($node_primary);
+$node_cascade->append_conf('postgresql.conf', qq(
+recovery_target_timeline='latest'
+));
+
+# Promote the standby.
+$node_standby->promote;
+
+# Wait for promotion to complete
+$node_standby->poll_query_until('postgres',
+								"SELECT NOT pg_is_in_recovery();")
+	or die "Timed out while waiting for promotion";
+
+# Find next WAL segment to be archived
+my $walfile_to_be_archived = $node_standby->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"SELECT pg_walfile_name(pg_current_wal_lsn());");
+
+# Make WAL segment eligible for archival
+$node_standby->safe_psql('postgres', 'SELECT pg_switch_wal()');
+
+# Wait until the WAL segment has been archived.
+# Since the history file gets created on promotion and is archived before any
+# WAL segment, this is enough to guarantee that the history file was
+# archived.
+my $archive_wait_query =
+  "SELECT '$walfile_to_be_archived' <= last_archived_wal FROM pg_stat_archiver;";
+$node_standby->poll_query_until('postgres', $archive_wait_query)
+  or die "Timed out while waiting for WAL segment to be archived";
+my $last_archived_wal_file = $walfile_to_be_archived;
+
+# Start cascade node
+$node_cascade->start;
+
+# Create some content on promoted standby and check its presence on the
+# cascading standby.
+$node_standby->safe_psql('postgres', "CREATE TABLE tab_int AS SELECT 1 AS a");
+
+# Wait for the replication to catch up
+$node_standby->wait_for_catchup($node_cascade, 'replay',
+	$node_standby->lsn('insert'));
+
+# Check that cascading standby has the new content
+my $result =
+  $node_cascade->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM tab_int");
+print "cascade: $result\n";
+is($result, 1, 'check streamed content on cascade standby');
diff --git a/src/test/recovery/t/cp_history_files b/src/test/recovery/t/cp_history_files
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cfeea41e5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/recovery/t/cp_history_files
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use File::Copy;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+die "wrong number of arguments" if @ARGV != 2;
+my ($source, $target) = @ARGV;
+exit if $source !~ /history/;
+copy($source, $target) or die "couldn't copy $source to $target: $!";