Fix assertion failure with ALTER TABLE ATTACH PARTITION and indexes

Using ALTER TABLE ATTACH PARTITION causes an assertion failure when
attempting to work on a partitioned index, because partitioned indexes
cannot have partition bounds.

The grammar of ALTER TABLE ATTACH PARTITION requires partition bounds,
but not ALTER INDEX, so mixing ALTER TABLE with partitioned indexes is
confusing.  Hence, on HEAD, prevent ALTER TABLE to attach a partition if
the relation involved is a partitioned index.  On back-branches, as
applications may rely on the existing behavior, just remove the
culprit assertion.

Reported-by: Alexander Lakhin
Author: Amit Langote, Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/16276-5cd1dcc8fb8be7b5@postgresql.org
Backpatch-through: 11

src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c

@@ -3698,8 +3698,16 @@ transformPartitionCmd(CreateStmtContext *cxt, PartitionCmd *cmd)
 														 cmd->bound);
 			break;
 		case RELKIND_PARTITIONED_INDEX:
-			/* nothing to check */
-			Assert(cmd->bound == NULL);
+
+			/*
+			 * A partitioned index cannot have a partition bound set.  ALTER
+			 * INDEX prevents that with its grammar, but not ALTER TABLE.
+			 */
+			if (cmd->bound != NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
+						 errmsg("\"%s\" is not a partitioned table",
+								RelationGetRelationName(parentRel))));
 			break;
 		case RELKIND_RELATION:
 			/* the table must be partitioned */

src/test/regress/expected/indexing.out

@@ -121,6 +121,23 @@ Partition of: idxparti2
 No partition constraint
 btree, for table "public.idxpart1"
 
+-- Forbid ALTER TABLE when attaching or detaching an index to a partition.
+create index idxpart_c on only idxpart (c);
+create index idxpart1_c on idxpart1 (c);
+alter table idxpart_c attach partition idxpart1_c for values from (10) to (20);
+ERROR:  "idxpart_c" is not a partitioned table
+alter index idxpart_c attach partition idxpart1_c;
+select relname, relpartbound from pg_class
+  where relname in ('idxpart_c', 'idxpart1_c')
+  order by relname;
+  relname   | relpartbound 
+------------+--------------
+ idxpart1_c | 
+ idxpart_c  | 
+(2 rows)
+
+alter table idxpart_c detach partition idxpart1_c;
+ERROR:  "idxpart_c" is not a table
 drop table idxpart;
 -- If a partition already has an index, don't create a duplicative one
 create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a, b);

src/test/regress/sql/indexing.sql

@@ -63,6 +63,16 @@ alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (10);
 \d idxpart1
 \d+ idxpart1_a_idx
 \d+ idxpart1_b_c_idx
+
+-- Forbid ALTER TABLE when attaching or detaching an index to a partition.
+create index idxpart_c on only idxpart (c);
+create index idxpart1_c on idxpart1 (c);
+alter table idxpart_c attach partition idxpart1_c for values from (10) to (20);
+alter index idxpart_c attach partition idxpart1_c;
+select relname, relpartbound from pg_class
+  where relname in ('idxpart_c', 'idxpart1_c')
+  order by relname;
+alter table idxpart_c detach partition idxpart1_c;
 drop table idxpart;
 
 -- If a partition already has an index, don't create a duplicative one