fd.c: Retry after EINTR in more places

Starting with 4d330a61bb we can use posix_fallocate() to extend
files. Unfortunately in some situation, e.g. on tmpfs filesystems, EINTR may
be returned. See also 4518c798b2.

To fix, add a retry path to FileFallocate(). In contrast to 4518c798b2 the
amount we extend by is limited and the extending may happen at a high
frequency, so disabling signals does not appear to be the correct path here.

Also add retry paths to other file operations currently lacking them (around
fdatasync(), fsync(), ftruncate(), posix_fadvise(), sync_file_range(),
truncate()) - they are all documented or have been observed to return EINTR.

Even though most of these functions used in the back branches, it does not
seem worth the risk to backpatch - outside of the new-to-16 case of
posix_fallocate() I am not aware of problem reports due to the lack of
retries.

Reported-by: Christoph Berg <myon@debian.org>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ZEZDj1H61ryrmY9o@msg.df7cb.de
Backpatch: -

src/backend/storage/file/fd.c

@@ -415,10 +415,18 @@ pg_fsync(int fd)
 int
 pg_fsync_no_writethrough(int fd)
 {
-	if (enableFsync)
-		return fsync(fd);
-	else
+	int		rc;
+
+	if (!enableFsync)
 		return 0;
+
+retry:
+	rc = fsync(fd);
+
+	if (rc == -1 && errno == EINTR)
+		goto retry;
+
+	return rc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -448,10 +456,18 @@ pg_fsync_writethrough(int fd)
 int
 pg_fdatasync(int fd)
 {
-	if (enableFsync)
-		return fdatasync(fd);
-	else
+	int		rc;
+
+	if (!enableFsync)
 		return 0;
+
+retry:
+	rc = fdatasync(fd);
+
+	if (rc == -1 && errno == EINTR)
+		goto retry;
+
+	return rc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -483,6 +499,7 @@ pg_flush_data(int fd, off_t offset, off_t nbytes)
 		if (not_implemented_by_kernel)
 			return;
 
+retry:
 		/*
 		 * sync_file_range(SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE), currently linux specific,
 		 * tells the OS that writeback for the specified blocks should be
@@ -498,6 +515,9 @@ pg_flush_data(int fd, off_t offset, off_t nbytes)
 		{
 			int			elevel;
 
+			if (rc == EINTR)
+				goto retry;
+
 			/*
 			 * For systems that don't have an implementation of
 			 * sync_file_range() such as Windows WSL, generate only one
@@ -629,32 +649,54 @@ pg_flush_data(int fd, off_t offset, off_t nbytes)
 #endif
 }
 
+/*
+ * Truncate an open file to a given length.
+ */
+static int
+pg_ftruncate(int fd, off_t length)
+{
+	int			ret;
+
+retry:
+	ret = ftruncate(fd, length);
+
+	if (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR)
+		goto retry;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 /*
  * Truncate a file to a given length by name.
  */
 int
 pg_truncate(const char *path, off_t length)
 {
+	int			ret;
 #ifdef WIN32
 	int			save_errno;
-	int			ret;
 	int			fd;
 
 	fd = OpenTransientFile(path, O_RDWR | PG_BINARY);
 	if (fd >= 0)
 	{
-		ret = ftruncate(fd, length);
+		ret = pg_ftruncate(fd, length);
 		save_errno = errno;
 		CloseTransientFile(fd);
 		errno = save_errno;
 	}
 	else
 		ret = -1;
+#else
+
+retry:
+	ret = truncate(path, length);
+
+	if (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR)
+		goto retry;
+#endif
 
 	return ret;
-#else
-	return truncate(path, length);
-#endif
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2001,11 +2043,15 @@ FilePrefetch(File file, off_t offset, off_t amount, uint32 wait_event_info)
 	if (returnCode < 0)
 		return returnCode;
 
+retry:
 	pgstat_report_wait_start(wait_event_info);
 	returnCode = posix_fadvise(VfdCache[file].fd, offset, amount,
 							   POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED);
 	pgstat_report_wait_end();
 
+	if (returnCode == EINTR)
+		goto retry;
+
 	return returnCode;
 #else
 	Assert(FileIsValid(file));
@@ -2281,12 +2327,15 @@ FileFallocate(File file, off_t offset, off_t amount, uint32 wait_event_info)
 	if (returnCode < 0)
 		return -1;
 
+retry:
 	pgstat_report_wait_start(wait_event_info);
 	returnCode = posix_fallocate(VfdCache[file].fd, offset, amount);
 	pgstat_report_wait_end();
 
 	if (returnCode == 0)
 		return 0;
+	else if (returnCode == EINTR)
+		goto retry;
 
 	/* for compatibility with %m printing etc */
 	errno = returnCode;
@@ -2334,7 +2383,7 @@ FileTruncate(File file, off_t offset, uint32 wait_event_info)
 		return returnCode;
 
 	pgstat_report_wait_start(wait_event_info);
-	returnCode = ftruncate(VfdCache[file].fd, offset);
+	returnCode = pg_ftruncate(VfdCache[file].fd, offset);
 	pgstat_report_wait_end();
 
 	if (returnCode == 0 && VfdCache[file].fileSize > offset)