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Some editing, enhance markup, move description section before options list.

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Peter Eisentraut 2001-03-06 18:55:57 +00:00
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doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
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<!--
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml,v 1.29 2001/03/06 05:22:18 pjw Exp $
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml,v 1.30 2001/03/06 18:55:57 petere Exp $
Postgres documentation
-->
<refentry id="APP-PGDUMP">
<docinfo>
<date>2000-12-25</date>
<date>2001-03-06</date>
</docinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle id="app-pgdump-title">
<application>pg_dump</application>
<refentrytitle>
pg_dump
</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo>Application</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>
<application>pg_dump</application>
</refname>
<refname>pg_dump</refname>
<refpurpose>
Extract a <productname>Postgres</productname> database into a script file or other archive file
</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<refsynopsisdivinfo>
<date>2000-11-22</date>
</refsynopsisdivinfo>
<synopsis>
pg_dump [ <replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable> ]
pg_dump [ -h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> ]
[ -p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable> ]
[ -t <replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable> ]
[ -a ] [ -b ] [ -c ] [-C] [ -d ] [ -D ]
[-f <REPLACEABLE CLASS="PARAMETER">file</REPLACEABLE>]
[-F <REPLACEABLE CLASS="PARAMETER">format</REPLACEABLE>]
[ -i ] [ -n ] [ -N ] [ -o ] [ -O ] [-R]
[ -s ] [ -S ] [ -u ] [ -v ] [ -x ] [ -Z 0..9 ]
[ <replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable> ]
</synopsis>
<refsect2 id="R2-APP-PG-DUMP-1">
<refsect2info>
<date>2000-11-22</date>
</refsect2info>
<title>
Inputs
</title>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>pg_dump</command>
<group> <arg>-a</arg> <arg>-s</arg> </group>
<arg>-b</arg>
<arg>-c</arg>
<arg>-C</arg>
<group> <arg>-d</arg> <arg>-D</arg> </group>
<arg>-f <replaceable>file</replaceable></arg>
<arg>-F <replaceable>format</replaceable></arg>
<arg>-i</arg>
<sbr>
<group> <arg>-n</arg> <arg>-N</arg> </group>
<arg>-o</arg>
<arg>-O</arg>
<arg>-R</arg>
<arg>-S</arg>
<arg>-t <replaceable>table</replaceable></arg>
<arg>-v</arg>
<arg>-x</arg>
<arg>-Z <replaceable>0...9</replaceable></arg>
<sbr>
<arg>-h <replaceable>host</replaceable></arg>
<arg>-p <replaceable>port</replaceable></arg>
<arg>-u</arg>
<sbr>
<arg choice="plain"><replaceable>dbname</replaceable></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1 id="pg-dump-description">
<title>
Description
</title>
<para>
<command>pg_dump</command> is a utility for dumping out a
<productname>Postgres</productname> database into a script or archive
file containing query commands. The script files are in text format
and can be used to reconstruct the database, even on other machines
and other architectures.
The archive files, new with version 7.1, contain enough information for
<xref linkend="app-pgrestore"> to rebuild the database, but also
allow <command>pg_restore</command> to be selective about what is restored, or even to
reorder the items prior to being restored. The archive files are
also designed to be portable across architectures.
</para>
<para>
<command>pg_dump</command>
will produce the queries necessary to re-generate all
user-defined types, functions, tables, indices, aggregates, and
operators. In addition, all the data is copied out in text format so
that it can be readily copied in again, as well as imported into tools
for editing.
</para>
<para>
<command>pg_dump</command>
is useful for dumping out the contents of a database to move from one
<productname>Postgres</productname> installation to another. After running
<command>pg_dump</command>,
one should examine the output for any warnings, especially
in light of the limitations listed below.
</para>
<para>
When used with one of the alternate file formats and combined with
<command>pg_restore</command>, it provides a flexible archival
and transfer mechanism. <command>pg_dump</command> can be used
to backup an entire database, then <command>pg_restore</command>
can be used to examine the archive and/or select which parts of the
database are to be restored.
See the <xref linkend="app-pgrestore"> documentation for details.
</para>
<refsect2 id="pg-dump-options">
<title>Options</title>
<para>
<application>pg_dump</application> accepts the following command
line arguments:
<command>pg_dump</command> accepts the following command
line arguments. (Long option forms are only available on some platforms.)
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
@ -57,72 +114,77 @@ pg_dump [ -h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> ]
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the name of the database to be extracted.
<replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable>
defaults to the value of the
<envar>USER</envar>
environment variable.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-a</term>
<term>--data-only</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Dump out only the data, no schema (definitions).
Dump only the data, not the schema (definitions).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-b</term>
<term>--blobs</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Dump data and BLOB data.
Dump data and <acronym>BLOB</acronym> data.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-c</term>
<term>--clean</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Clean (drop) schema prior to create.
Dump commands to clean (drop) the schema prior to (the
commands for) creating it.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-C</term>
<term>--create</term>
<listitem>
<para>
For plain text (script) output, include SQL to create the database itself.
For plain text (script) output, include commands to create the database itself.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-d</term>
<term>--inserts</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Dump data as proper insert strings. This is not recommended for large databases
for performance reasons.
Dump data as proper <command>INSERT</command> commands (not
<command>COPY</command>). This will make restoration very
slow.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-D</term>
<term>--attribute-inserts</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Dump data as inserts with attribute names. This is not recommended for large databases
for performance reasons.
Dump data as <command>INSERT</command> commands with explicit
column names. This will make restoration very slow.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-f <replaceable class="parameter">file</replaceable></term>
<term>--file=<replaceable class="parameter">file</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Send output to the specified file.
@ -132,18 +194,17 @@ pg_dump [ -h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> ]
<varlistentry>
<term>-F <replaceable class="parameter">format</replaceable></term>
<term>--format=<replaceable class="parameter">format</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Format can be one of the following:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>p</term>
<listitem>
<para>
output a plain text SQL script file (default)
output a plain text <acronym>SQL</acronym> script file (default)
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@ -152,8 +213,8 @@ pg_dump [ -h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> ]
<term>t</term>
<listitem>
<para>
output a TAR archive suitable for input into
<APPLICATION>pg_restore</APPLICATION>. Using this archive format
output a <filename>tar</filename> archive suitable for input into
<command>pg_restore</command>. Using this archive format
allows reordering and/or exclusion of schema elements
at the time the database is restored. It is also possible to limit
which data is reloaded at restore time.
@ -166,7 +227,7 @@ pg_dump [ -h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> ]
<listitem>
<para>
output a custom archive suitable for input into
<APPLICATION>pg_restore</APPLICATION>. This is the most flexible
<command>pg_restore</command>. This is the most flexible
format in that it allows reordering of data load as well
as schema elements. This format is also compressed by default.
</para>
@ -174,21 +235,23 @@ pg_dump [ -h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> ]
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-i</term>
<term>--ignore-version</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Ignore version mismatch between <application>pg_dump</application>
and the database server. Since <application>pg_dump</application>
Ignore version mismatch between <command>pg_dump</command>
and the database server. Since <command>pg_dump</command>
knows a great deal about system catalogs, any given version of
<application>pg_dump</application> is only intended to work with
<command>pg_dump</command> is only intended to work with
the corresponding release of the database server. Use this option
if you need to override the version check (and if
<application>pg_dump</application> then fails, don't
<command>pg_dump</command> then fails, don't
say you weren't warned).
</para>
</listitem>
@ -196,19 +259,21 @@ pg_dump [ -h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> ]
<varlistentry>
<term>-n</term>
<term>--no-quotes</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Suppress double quotes around identifiers unless absolutely necessary.
This may cause trouble loading this dumped data if there are reserved words
used for identifiers.
This was the default behavior for
<application>pg_dump</application> prior to v6.4.
<command>pg_dump</command> prior to version 6.4.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-N</term>
<term>--quotes</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Include double quotes around identifiers.
@ -219,6 +284,7 @@ pg_dump [ -h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> ]
<varlistentry>
<term>-o</term>
<term>--oids</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Dump object identifiers (<acronym>OID</acronym>s) for every table.
@ -228,40 +294,45 @@ pg_dump [ -h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> ]
<varlistentry>
<term>-O</term>
<term>--no-owner</term>
<listitem>
<para>
In plain text output mode, don't set object ownership to match the
original database. Typically, <APPLICATION>pg_dump</APPLICATION>
issues <PROGRAMLISTING>\connect</PROGRAMLISTING> statments to set
ownership of schema elements.
In plain text output mode, do not set object ownership to
match the original database. Typically,
<command>pg_dump</command> issues
(<command>psql</command>-specific) <command>\connect</command>
statements to set ownership of schema elements.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-R</term>
<term>--no-reconnect</term>
<listitem>
<para>
In plain text output mode, prohibit <APPLICATION>pg_dump</APPLICATION>
from issuing any <PROGRAMLISTING>\connect</PROGRAMLISTING> statements.
In plain text output mode, prohibit <command>pg_dump</command>
from issuing any <command>\connect</command> statements.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-s</term>
<term>--schema-only</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Dump out only the schema (definitions), no data.
Dump only the schema (definitions), no data.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-S <replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></term>
<term>--superuser=<replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specify the superuser username to use when disabling triggers and/or
Specify the superuser user name to use when disabling triggers and/or
setting ownership of schema elements.
</para>
</listitem>
@ -269,6 +340,7 @@ pg_dump [ -h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> ]
<varlistentry>
<term>-t <replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable></term>
<term>--table=<replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Dump data for <replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable> only.
@ -276,17 +348,9 @@ pg_dump [ -h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> ]
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-u</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Use password authentication. Prompts for username and password.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-v</term>
<term>--verbose</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies verbose mode.
@ -296,6 +360,7 @@ pg_dump [ -h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> ]
<varlistentry>
<term>-x</term>
<term>--no-acl</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Prevent dumping of ACLs (grant/revoke commands) and table ownership information.
@ -305,6 +370,7 @@ pg_dump [ -h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> ]
<varlistentry>
<term>-Z <replaceable class="parameter">0..9</replaceable></term>
<term>--compress=<replaceable class="parameter">0..9</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specify the compression level to use in archive formats that support
@ -317,28 +383,30 @@ pg_dump [ -h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> ]
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
<application>pg_dump</application> also accepts
<command>pg_dump</command> also accepts
the following command line arguments for connection parameters:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>-h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable></term>
<term>--host=<replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the hostname of the machine on which the
<application>postmaster</application>
Specifies the host name of the machine on which the
<command>postmaster</command>
is running. If host begins with a slash, it is used
as the directory for the unix domain socket.
as the directory for the Unix domain socket.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></term>
<term>--port=<replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the Internet TCP/IP port or local Unix domain socket file
extension on which the <application>postmaster</application>
extension on which the <command>postmaster</command>
is listening for connections. The port number defaults to 5432,
or the value of the <envar>PGPORT</envar>
environment variable (if set).
@ -361,141 +429,75 @@ pg_dump [ -h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable> ]
</para>
</refsect2>
<refsect2 id="R2-APP-PG-DUMP-2">
<refsect2info>
<date>1998-11-05</date>
</refsect2info>
<title>
Outputs
</title>
<para>
<application>pg_dump</application> will create a file or
write to <filename>stdout</filename>.
</refsect1>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><computeroutput>
<refsect1 id="app-pgdump-diagnostics">
<title>Diagnostics</title>
<msgset>
<msgentry>
<msg>
<msgmain>
<msgtext>
<screen><computeroutput>
Connection to database 'template1' failed.
connectDBStart() -- connect() failed: No such file or directory
Is the postmaster running locally
and accepting connections on Unix socket '/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432'?
</computeroutput></term>
<listitem>
</computeroutput></screen>
</msgtext>
</msgmain>
</msg>
<msgexplan>
<para>
<application>pg_dump</application> could not attach to the
<application>postmaster</application>
<command>pg_dump</command> could not attach to the
<command>postmaster</command>
process on the specified host and port. If you see this message,
ensure that the <application>postmaster</application>
ensure that the <command>postmaster</command>
is running on the proper host and that you have specified the proper
port. If your site uses an authentication system, ensure that you
have obtained the required authentication credentials.
port.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</msgexplan>
</msgentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><computeroutput>
Connection to database '<replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable>' failed.
FATAL 1: SetUserId: user '<replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable>' is not in 'pg_shadow'
</computeroutput></term>
<listitem>
<para>
You do not have a valid entry in the relation <literal>pg_shadow</literal>
and and will not be allowed to access <productname>Postgres</productname>.
Contact your <productname>Postgres</productname> administrator.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><computeroutput>
<msgentry>
<msg>
<msgmain>
<msgtext>
<screen><computeroutput>
dumpSequence(<replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable>): SELECT failed
</computeroutput></term>
<listitem>
</computeroutput></screen>
</msgtext>
</msgmain>
</msg>
<msgexplan>
<para>
You do not have permission to read the database.
Contact your <productname>Postgres</productname> site administrator.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</msgexplan>
</msgentry>
</msgset>
<note>
<para>
<application>pg_dump</application> internally executes
<command>pg_dump</command> internally executes
<command>SELECT</command> statements. If you have problems running
<application>pg_dump</application>,
<command>pg_dump</command>,
make sure you are able to select information from the database using, for
example, <application>psql</application>.
example, <xref linkend="app-psql">.
</para>
</note>
</refsect2>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1 id="R1-APP-PG-DUMP-1">
<refsect1info>
<date>2000-</date>
</refsect1info>
<title>
Description
</title>
<para>
<application>pg_dump</application> is a utility for dumping out a
<productname>Postgres</productname> database into a script or archive
file containing query commands. The script files are in text format
and can be used to reconstruct the database, even on other machines
and other architectures.
</para>
<para>
The archive files, new with version 7.1, contain enough information for
<APPLICATION>pg_restore</APPLICATION> to rebuild the database, but also
allow pg_restore to be selective about what is restored, or even to
reorder the items prior to being restored. The archive files should
also be portable across architectures.
</para>
<para>
<application>pg_dump</application>
will produce the queries necessary to re-generate all
user-defined types, functions, tables, indices, aggregates, and
operators. In addition, all the data is copied out in text format so
that it can be readily copied in again, as well as imported into tools
for editing.
</para>
<para>
<application>pg_dump</application>
is useful for dumping out the contents of a database to move from one
<productname>Postgres</productname> installation to another. After running
<application>pg_dump</application>,
one should examine the output for any warnings, especially
in light of the limitations listed below.
</para>
<para>
When used with one of the alternate file formats and combined with
<APPLICATION>pg_restore</APPLICATION>, it provides a flexible archival
and trasfer mechanism. <APPLICATION>pg_dump</APPLICATION> can be used
to backup an entire database, then <APPLICATION>pg_restore</APPLICATION>
can be used to examine the archive and/or select which parts of the
database are to be restored.
</para>
<para>
See the <APPLICATION>pg_restore</APPLICATION> documentation for details.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="R1-APP-PG-DUMP-2">
<refsect1info>
<date>2000-11-21</date>
</refsect1info>
<title>
Notes
</title>
<refsect1 id="pg-dump-notes">
<title>Notes</title>
<para>
<application>pg_dump</application> has a few limitations.
<command>pg_dump</command> has a few limitations.
The limitations mostly stem from
difficulty in extracting certain meta-information from the system
catalogs.
@ -503,23 +505,15 @@ dumpSequence(<replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable>): SELECT failed
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<application>pg_dump</application>
does not understand partial indices. The reason is
the same as above; partial index predicates are stored as plans.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
When dumping a single table or as plain text, <application>pg_dump</application>
When dumping a single table or as plain text, <command>pg_dump</command>
does not handle large objects. Large objects must be dumped in their
entirity using one of the binary archive formats.
entirety using one of the binary archive formats.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
When doing a data only dump, <application>pg_dump</application> emits queries
When doing a data only dump, <command>pg_dump</command> emits queries
to disable triggers on user tables before inserting the data and queries to
re-enable them after the data has been inserted. If the restore is stopped
in the middle, the system catalogs may be left in the wrong state.
@ -530,46 +524,54 @@ dumpSequence(<replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable>): SELECT failed
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="R1-APP-PG-DUMP-3">
<refsect1info>
<date>2000-11-21</date>
</refsect1info>
<title>
Usage
</title>
<para>
To dump a database of the same name as the user:
<refsect1 id="pg-dump-examples">
<title>Examples</title>
<programlisting>
$ pg_dump > db.out
</programlisting>
<para>
To dump a database:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump mydb &gt; db.out</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
To reload this database:
<programlisting>
$ psql -e database < db.out
</programlisting>
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>psql -d database -f db.out</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
To dump a database called mydb that contains BLOBs to a TAR file:
To dump a database called mydb that contains
<acronym>BLOB</acronym>s to a <filename>tar</filename> file:
<programlisting>
$ pg_dump -Ft --blobs mydb > db.tar
</programlisting>
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump -Ft -b mydb &gt; db.tar</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
To reload this database (with BLOBs) to an existing db called newdb:
To reload this database (with <acronym>BLOB</acronym>s) to an
existing database called newdb:
<programlisting>
$ pg_restore db.tar --dbname=newdb
</programlisting>
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_restore -d newdb db.tar</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<simplelist type="inline">
<member><xref linkend="app-pg-dumpall"></member>
<member><xref linkend="app-pgrestore"></member>
<member><xref linkend="app-psql"></member>
<member><citetitle>PostgreSQL Administrator's Guide</citetitle></member>
</simplelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file

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