Emit a log message if output is about to be redirected away from stderr.

We've seen multiple cases of people looking at the postmaster's original
stderr output to try to diagnose problems, not realizing/remembering that
their logging configuration is set up to send log messages somewhere else.
This seems particularly likely to happen in prepackaged distributions,
since many packagers patch the code to change the factory-standard logging
configuration to something more in line with their platform conventions.

In hopes of reducing confusion, emit a LOG message about this at the point
in startup where we are about to switch log output away from the original
stderr, providing a pointer to where to look instead.  This message will
appear as the last thing in the original stderr output.  (We might later
also try to emit such link messages when logging parameters are changed
on-the-fly; but that case seems to be both noticeably harder to do nicely,
and much less frequently a problem in practice.)

Per discussion, back-patch to 9.3 but not further.

src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c

@@ -1164,7 +1164,17 @@ PostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
 	 * Log_destination permits.  We don't do this until the postmaster is
 	 * fully launched, since startup failures may as well be reported to
 	 * stderr.
+	 *
+	 * If we are in fact disabling logging to stderr, first emit a log message
+	 * saying so, to provide a breadcrumb trail for users who may not remember
+	 * that their logging is configured to go somewhere else.
 	 */
+	if (!(Log_destination & LOG_DESTINATION_STDERR))
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("ending log output to stderr"),
+				 errhint("Future log output will go to log destination \"%s\".",
+						 Log_destination_string)));
+
 	whereToSendOutput = DestNone;
 
 	/*

src/backend/postmaster/syslogger.c

@@ -634,6 +634,20 @@ SysLogger_Start(void)
 			/* now we redirect stderr, if not done already */
 			if (!redirection_done)
 			{
+#ifdef WIN32
+				int			fd;
+#endif
+
+				/*
+				 * Leave a breadcrumb trail when redirecting, in case the user
+				 * forgets that redirection is active and looks only at the
+				 * original stderr target file.
+				 */
+				ereport(LOG,
+						(errmsg("redirecting log output to logging collector process"),
+						 errhint("Future log output will appear in directory \"%s\".",
+								 Log_directory)));
+
 #ifndef WIN32
 				fflush(stdout);
 				if (dup2(syslogPipe[1], fileno(stdout)) < 0)
@@ -649,8 +663,6 @@ SysLogger_Start(void)
 				close(syslogPipe[1]);
 				syslogPipe[1] = -1;
 #else
-				int			fd;
-
 				/*
 				 * open the pipe in binary mode and make sure stderr is binary
 				 * after it's been dup'ed into, to avoid disturbing the pipe

src/backend/utils/error/elog.c

@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ emit_log_hook_type emit_log_hook = NULL;
 int			Log_error_verbosity = PGERROR_VERBOSE;
 char	   *Log_line_prefix = NULL;		/* format for extra log line info */
 int			Log_destination = LOG_DESTINATION_STDERR;
+char	   *Log_destination_string = NULL;
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYSLOG
 

src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c

@@ -444,8 +444,6 @@ int			tcp_keepalives_count;
  * cases provide the value for SHOW to display.  The real state is elsewhere
  * and is kept in sync by assign_hooks.
  */
-static char *log_destination_string;
-
 static char *syslog_ident_str;
 static bool phony_autocommit;
 static bool session_auth_is_superuser;
@@ -2871,7 +2869,7 @@ static struct config_string ConfigureNamesString[] =
 						 "depending on the platform."),
 			GUC_LIST_INPUT
 		},
-		&log_destination_string,
+		&Log_destination_string,
 		"stderr",
 		check_log_destination, assign_log_destination, NULL
 	},

src/include/utils/elog.h

@@ -428,6 +428,7 @@ typedef enum
 extern int	Log_error_verbosity;
 extern char *Log_line_prefix;
 extern int	Log_destination;
+extern char *Log_destination_string;
 
 /* Log destination bitmap */
 #define LOG_DESTINATION_STDERR	 1