Fix Portal snapshot tracking to handle subtransactions properly.

Commit 84f5c2908 forgot to consider the possibility that
EnsurePortalSnapshotExists could run inside a subtransaction with
lifespan shorter than the Portal's.  In that case, the new active
snapshot would be popped at the end of the subtransaction, leaving
a dangling pointer in the Portal, with mayhem ensuing.

To fix, make sure the ActiveSnapshot stack entry is marked with
the same subtransaction nesting level as the associated Portal.
It's certainly safe to do so since we won't be here at all unless
the stack is empty; hence we can't create an out-of-order stack.

Let's also apply this logic in the case where PortalRunUtility
sets portalSnapshot, just to be sure that path can't cause similar
problems.  It's slightly less clear that that path can't create
an out-of-order stack, so add an assertion guarding it.

Report and patch by Bertrand Drouvot (with kibitzing by me).
Back-patch to v11, like the previous commit.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ff82b8c5-77f4-3fe7-6028-fcf3303e82dd@amazon.com

src/backend/access/transam/xact.c

@@ -4863,6 +4863,7 @@ CommitSubTransaction(void)
 	AfterTriggerEndSubXact(true);
 	AtSubCommit_Portals(s->subTransactionId,
 						s->parent->subTransactionId,
+						s->parent->nestingLevel,
 						s->parent->curTransactionOwner);
 	AtEOSubXact_LargeObject(true, s->subTransactionId,
 							s->parent->subTransactionId);

src/backend/tcop/pquery.c

@@ -480,7 +480,9 @@ PortalStart(Portal portal, ParamListInfo params,
 				 * We could remember the snapshot in portal->portalSnapshot,
 				 * but presently there seems no need to, as this code path
 				 * cannot be used for non-atomic execution.  Hence there can't
-				 * be any commit/abort that might destroy the snapshot.
+				 * be any commit/abort that might destroy the snapshot.  Since
+				 * we don't do that, there's also no need to force a
+				 * non-default nesting level for the snapshot.
 				 */
 
 				/*
@@ -1136,9 +1138,15 @@ PortalRunUtility(Portal portal, PlannedStmt *pstmt,
 			snapshot = RegisterSnapshot(snapshot);
 			portal->holdSnapshot = snapshot;
 		}
-		/* In any case, make the snapshot active and remember it in portal */
-		PushActiveSnapshot(snapshot);
-		/* PushActiveSnapshot might have copied the snapshot */
+
+		/*
+		 * In any case, make the snapshot active and remember it in portal.
+		 * Because the portal now references the snapshot, we must tell
+		 * snapmgr.c that the snapshot belongs to the portal's transaction
+		 * level, else we risk portalSnapshot becoming a dangling pointer.
+		 */
+		PushActiveSnapshotWithLevel(snapshot, portal->createLevel);
+		/* PushActiveSnapshotWithLevel might have copied the snapshot */
 		portal->portalSnapshot = GetActiveSnapshot();
 	}
 	else
@@ -1784,8 +1792,13 @@ EnsurePortalSnapshotExists(void)
 		elog(ERROR, "cannot execute SQL without an outer snapshot or portal");
 	Assert(portal->portalSnapshot == NULL);
 
-	/* Create a new snapshot and make it active */
-	PushActiveSnapshot(GetTransactionSnapshot());
-	/* PushActiveSnapshot might have copied the snapshot */
+	/*
+	 * Create a new snapshot, make it active, and remember it in portal.
+	 * Because the portal now references the snapshot, we must tell snapmgr.c
+	 * that the snapshot belongs to the portal's transaction level, else we
+	 * risk portalSnapshot becoming a dangling pointer.
+	 */
+	PushActiveSnapshotWithLevel(GetTransactionSnapshot(), portal->createLevel);
+	/* PushActiveSnapshotWithLevel might have copied the snapshot */
 	portal->portalSnapshot = GetActiveSnapshot();
 }

src/backend/utils/mmgr/portalmem.c

@@ -210,6 +210,7 @@ CreatePortal(const char *name, bool allowDup, bool dupSilent)
 	portal->cleanup = PortalCleanup;
 	portal->createSubid = GetCurrentSubTransactionId();
 	portal->activeSubid = portal->createSubid;
+	portal->createLevel = GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel();
 	portal->strategy = PORTAL_MULTI_QUERY;
 	portal->cursorOptions = CURSOR_OPT_NO_SCROLL;
 	portal->atStart = true;
@@ -657,6 +658,7 @@ HoldPortal(Portal portal)
 	 */
 	portal->createSubid = InvalidSubTransactionId;
 	portal->activeSubid = InvalidSubTransactionId;
+	portal->createLevel = 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -940,6 +942,7 @@ PortalErrorCleanup(void)
 void
 AtSubCommit_Portals(SubTransactionId mySubid,
 					SubTransactionId parentSubid,
+					int parentLevel,
 					ResourceOwner parentXactOwner)
 {
 	HASH_SEQ_STATUS status;
@@ -954,6 +957,7 @@ AtSubCommit_Portals(SubTransactionId mySubid,
 		if (portal->createSubid == mySubid)
 		{
 			portal->createSubid = parentSubid;
+			portal->createLevel = parentLevel;
 			if (portal->resowner)
 				ResourceOwnerNewParent(portal->resowner, parentXactOwner);
 		}

src/backend/utils/time/snapmgr.c

@@ -678,10 +678,25 @@ FreeSnapshot(Snapshot snapshot)
  */
 void
 PushActiveSnapshot(Snapshot snap)
+{
+	PushActiveSnapshotWithLevel(snap, GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel());
+}
+
+/*
+ * PushActiveSnapshotWithLevel
+ *		Set the given snapshot as the current active snapshot
+ *
+ * Same as PushActiveSnapshot except that caller can specify the
+ * transaction nesting level that "owns" the snapshot.  This level
+ * must not be deeper than the current top of the snapshot stack.
+ */
+void
+PushActiveSnapshotWithLevel(Snapshot snap, int snap_level)
 {
 	ActiveSnapshotElt *newactive;
 
 	Assert(snap != InvalidSnapshot);
+	Assert(ActiveSnapshot == NULL || snap_level >= ActiveSnapshot->as_level);
 
 	newactive = MemoryContextAlloc(TopTransactionContext, sizeof(ActiveSnapshotElt));
 
@@ -695,7 +710,7 @@ PushActiveSnapshot(Snapshot snap)
 		newactive->as_snap = snap;
 
 	newactive->as_next = ActiveSnapshot;
-	newactive->as_level = GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel();
+	newactive->as_level = snap_level;
 
 	newactive->as_snap->active_count++;
 

src/include/utils/portal.h

@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ typedef struct PortalData
 	 */
 	SubTransactionId createSubid;	/* the creating subxact */
 	SubTransactionId activeSubid;	/* the last subxact with activity */
+	int			createLevel;	/* creating subxact's nesting level */
 
 	/* The query or queries the portal will execute */
 	const char *sourceText;		/* text of query (as of 8.4, never NULL) */
@@ -219,6 +220,7 @@ extern void AtCleanup_Portals(void);
 extern void PortalErrorCleanup(void);
 extern void AtSubCommit_Portals(SubTransactionId mySubid,
 								SubTransactionId parentSubid,
+								int parentLevel,
 								ResourceOwner parentXactOwner);
 extern void AtSubAbort_Portals(SubTransactionId mySubid,
 							   SubTransactionId parentSubid,

src/include/utils/snapmgr.h

@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ extern void InvalidateCatalogSnapshot(void);
 extern void InvalidateCatalogSnapshotConditionally(void);
 
 extern void PushActiveSnapshot(Snapshot snapshot);
+extern void PushActiveSnapshotWithLevel(Snapshot snapshot, int snap_level);
 extern void PushCopiedSnapshot(Snapshot snapshot);
 extern void UpdateActiveSnapshotCommandId(void);
 extern void PopActiveSnapshot(void);

src/pl/plpgsql/src/expected/plpgsql_transaction.out

@@ -430,6 +430,34 @@ SELECT * FROM test1;
 ---+---
 (0 rows)
 
+-- test commit/rollback inside exception handler, too
+TRUNCATE test1;
+DO LANGUAGE plpgsql $$
+BEGIN
+    FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
+      BEGIN
+        INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (i, 'good');
+        INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (i/0, 'bad');
+      EXCEPTION
+        WHEN division_by_zero THEN
+            INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (i, 'exception');
+            IF (i % 3) > 0 THEN COMMIT; ELSE ROLLBACK; END IF;
+      END;
+    END LOOP;
+END;
+$$;
+SELECT * FROM test1;
+ a  |     b     
+----+-----------
+  1 | exception
+  2 | exception
+  4 | exception
+  5 | exception
+  7 | exception
+  8 | exception
+ 10 | exception
+(7 rows)
+
 -- detoast result of simple expression after commit
 CREATE TEMP TABLE test4(f1 text);
 ALTER TABLE test4 ALTER COLUMN f1 SET STORAGE EXTERNAL; -- disable compression

src/pl/plpgsql/src/sql/plpgsql_transaction.sql

@@ -354,6 +354,27 @@ $$;
 SELECT * FROM test1;
 
 
+-- test commit/rollback inside exception handler, too
+TRUNCATE test1;
+
+DO LANGUAGE plpgsql $$
+BEGIN
+    FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
+      BEGIN
+        INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (i, 'good');
+        INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (i/0, 'bad');
+      EXCEPTION
+        WHEN division_by_zero THEN
+            INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (i, 'exception');
+            IF (i % 3) > 0 THEN COMMIT; ELSE ROLLBACK; END IF;
+      END;
+    END LOOP;
+END;
+$$;
+
+SELECT * FROM test1;
+
+
 -- detoast result of simple expression after commit
 CREATE TEMP TABLE test4(f1 text);
 ALTER TABLE test4 ALTER COLUMN f1 SET STORAGE EXTERNAL; -- disable compression