Mark built-in coercion functions as leakproof where possible.

Making these leakproof seems helpful since (for example) if you have a
function f(int8) that is leakproof, you don't want it to effectively
become non-leakproof when you apply it to an int4 or int2 column.
But that's what happens today, since the implicit up-coercion will
not be leakproof.

Most of the coercion functions that visibly can't throw errors are
functions that convert numeric datatypes to other, wider ones.
Notable is that float4_numeric and float8_numeric can be marked
leakproof; before commit a57d312a7 they could not have been.
I also marked the functions that coerce strings to "name" as leakproof;
that's okay today because they truncate silently, but if we ever
reconsidered that behavior then they could no longer be leakproof.

I desisted from marking rtrim1() as leakproof; it appears so right now,
but the code seems a little too complex and perhaps subject to change,
since it's shared with other SQL functions.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/459322.1595607431@sss.pgh.pa.us

src/include/catalog/catversion.h

@@ -53,6 +53,6 @@
  */
 
 /*							yyyymmddN */
-#define CATALOG_VERSION_NO	202007202
+#define CATALOG_VERSION_NO	202007251
 
 #endif

src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat

@@ -698,11 +698,11 @@
   proname => 'dlog1', prorettype => 'float8', proargtypes => 'float8',
   prosrc => 'dlog1' },
 { oid => '235', descr => 'convert int2 to float8',
-  proname => 'float8', prorettype => 'float8', proargtypes => 'int2',
-  prosrc => 'i2tod' },
+  proname => 'float8', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'float8',
+  proargtypes => 'int2', prosrc => 'i2tod' },
 { oid => '236', descr => 'convert int2 to float4',
-  proname => 'float4', prorettype => 'float4', proargtypes => 'int2',
-  prosrc => 'i2tof' },
+  proname => 'float4', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'float4',
+  proargtypes => 'int2', prosrc => 'i2tof' },
 { oid => '237', descr => 'convert float8 to int2',
   proname => 'int2', prorettype => 'int2', proargtypes => 'float8',
   prosrc => 'dtoi2' },
@@ -879,26 +879,26 @@
   proargtypes => 'float8 float8 float8 int4', prosrc => 'width_bucket_float8' },
 
 { oid => '311', descr => 'convert float4 to float8',
-  proname => 'float8', prorettype => 'float8', proargtypes => 'float4',
-  prosrc => 'ftod' },
+  proname => 'float8', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'float8',
+  proargtypes => 'float4', prosrc => 'ftod' },
 { oid => '312', descr => 'convert float8 to float4',
   proname => 'float4', prorettype => 'float4', proargtypes => 'float8',
   prosrc => 'dtof' },
 { oid => '313', descr => 'convert int2 to int4',
-  proname => 'int4', prorettype => 'int4', proargtypes => 'int2',
-  prosrc => 'i2toi4' },
+  proname => 'int4', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'int4',
+  proargtypes => 'int2', prosrc => 'i2toi4' },
 { oid => '314', descr => 'convert int4 to int2',
   proname => 'int2', prorettype => 'int2', proargtypes => 'int4',
   prosrc => 'i4toi2' },
 { oid => '316', descr => 'convert int4 to float8',
-  proname => 'float8', prorettype => 'float8', proargtypes => 'int4',
-  prosrc => 'i4tod' },
+  proname => 'float8', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'float8',
+  proargtypes => 'int4', prosrc => 'i4tod' },
 { oid => '317', descr => 'convert float8 to int4',
   proname => 'int4', prorettype => 'int4', proargtypes => 'float8',
   prosrc => 'dtoi4' },
 { oid => '318', descr => 'convert int4 to float4',
-  proname => 'float4', prorettype => 'float4', proargtypes => 'int4',
-  prosrc => 'i4tof' },
+  proname => 'float4', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'float4',
+  proargtypes => 'int4', prosrc => 'i4tof' },
 { oid => '319', descr => 'convert float4 to int4',
   proname => 'int4', prorettype => 'int4', proargtypes => 'float4',
   prosrc => 'ftoi4' },
@@ -1150,17 +1150,17 @@
   proname => 'text', prorettype => 'text', proargtypes => 'bpchar',
   prosrc => 'rtrim1' },
 { oid => '406', descr => 'convert name to text',
-  proname => 'text', prorettype => 'text', proargtypes => 'name',
-  prosrc => 'name_text' },
+  proname => 'text', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'text',
+  proargtypes => 'name', prosrc => 'name_text' },
 { oid => '407', descr => 'convert text to name',
-  proname => 'name', prorettype => 'name', proargtypes => 'text',
-  prosrc => 'text_name' },
+  proname => 'name', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'name',
+  proargtypes => 'text', prosrc => 'text_name' },
 { oid => '408', descr => 'convert name to char(n)',
   proname => 'bpchar', prorettype => 'bpchar', proargtypes => 'name',
   prosrc => 'name_bpchar' },
 { oid => '409', descr => 'convert char(n) to name',
-  proname => 'name', prorettype => 'name', proargtypes => 'bpchar',
-  prosrc => 'bpchar_name' },
+  proname => 'name', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'name',
+  proargtypes => 'bpchar', prosrc => 'bpchar_name' },
 
 { oid => '449', descr => 'hash',
   proname => 'hashint2', prorettype => 'int4', proargtypes => 'int2',
@@ -1338,11 +1338,11 @@
   proname => 'int4', prorettype => 'int4', proargtypes => 'int8',
   prosrc => 'int84' },
 { oid => '481', descr => 'convert int4 to int8',
-  proname => 'int8', prorettype => 'int8', proargtypes => 'int4',
-  prosrc => 'int48' },
+  proname => 'int8', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'int8',
+  proargtypes => 'int4', prosrc => 'int48' },
 { oid => '482', descr => 'convert int8 to float8',
-  proname => 'float8', prorettype => 'float8', proargtypes => 'int8',
-  prosrc => 'i8tod' },
+  proname => 'float8', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'float8',
+  proargtypes => 'int8', prosrc => 'i8tod' },
 { oid => '483', descr => 'convert float8 to int8',
   proname => 'int8', prorettype => 'int8', proargtypes => 'float8',
   prosrc => 'dtoi8' },
@@ -1359,8 +1359,8 @@
   proargtypes => 'anyarray int8', prosrc => 'hash_array_extended' },
 
 { oid => '652', descr => 'convert int8 to float4',
-  proname => 'float4', prorettype => 'float4', proargtypes => 'int8',
-  prosrc => 'i8tof' },
+  proname => 'float4', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'float4',
+  proargtypes => 'int8', prosrc => 'i8tof' },
 { oid => '653', descr => 'convert float4 to int8',
   proname => 'int8', prorettype => 'int8', proargtypes => 'float4',
   prosrc => 'ftoi8' },
@@ -1369,8 +1369,8 @@
   proname => 'int2', prorettype => 'int2', proargtypes => 'int8',
   prosrc => 'int82' },
 { oid => '754', descr => 'convert int2 to int8',
-  proname => 'int8', prorettype => 'int8', proargtypes => 'int2',
-  prosrc => 'int28' },
+  proname => 'int8', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'int8',
+  proargtypes => 'int2', prosrc => 'int28' },
 
 { oid => '655',
   proname => 'namelt', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'bool',
@@ -2521,8 +2521,8 @@
   proname => 'oid', prorettype => 'oid', proargtypes => 'int8',
   prosrc => 'i8tooid' },
 { oid => '1288', descr => 'convert oid to int8',
-  proname => 'int8', prorettype => 'int8', proargtypes => 'oid',
-  prosrc => 'oidtoi8' },
+  proname => 'int8', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'int8',
+  proargtypes => 'oid', prosrc => 'oidtoi8' },
 
 { oid => '1291',
   descr => 'trigger to suppress updates when new and old records match',
@@ -2782,8 +2782,8 @@
   prosrc => 'textlen' },
 
 { oid => '1370', descr => 'convert time to interval',
-  proname => 'interval', prorettype => 'interval', proargtypes => 'time',
-  prosrc => 'time_interval' },
+  proname => 'interval', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'interval',
+  proargtypes => 'time', prosrc => 'time_interval' },
 { oid => '1372', descr => 'character length',
   proname => 'char_length', prorettype => 'int4', proargtypes => 'bpchar',
   prosrc => 'bpcharlen' },
@@ -2861,11 +2861,11 @@
 # OIDS 1400 - 1499
 
 { oid => '1400', descr => 'convert varchar to name',
-  proname => 'name', prorettype => 'name', proargtypes => 'varchar',
-  prosrc => 'text_name' },
+  proname => 'name', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'name',
+  proargtypes => 'varchar', prosrc => 'text_name' },
 { oid => '1401', descr => 'convert name to varchar',
-  proname => 'varchar', prorettype => 'varchar', proargtypes => 'name',
-  prosrc => 'name_text' },
+  proname => 'varchar', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'varchar',
+  proargtypes => 'name', prosrc => 'name_text' },
 
 { oid => '1402', descr => 'current schema name',
   proname => 'current_schema', provolatile => 's', proparallel => 'u',
@@ -3941,8 +3941,8 @@
   proname => 'macaddr8_or', prorettype => 'macaddr8',
   proargtypes => 'macaddr8 macaddr8', prosrc => 'macaddr8_or' },
 { oid => '4123', descr => 'convert macaddr to macaddr8',
-  proname => 'macaddr8', prorettype => 'macaddr8', proargtypes => 'macaddr',
-  prosrc => 'macaddrtomacaddr8' },
+  proname => 'macaddr8', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'macaddr8',
+  proargtypes => 'macaddr', prosrc => 'macaddrtomacaddr8' },
 { oid => '4124', descr => 'convert macaddr8 to macaddr',
   proname => 'macaddr', prorettype => 'macaddr', proargtypes => 'macaddr8',
   prosrc => 'macaddr8tomacaddr' },
@@ -4321,8 +4321,8 @@
   proname => 'trim_scale', prorettype => 'numeric', proargtypes => 'numeric',
   prosrc => 'numeric_trim_scale' },
 { oid => '1740', descr => 'convert int4 to numeric',
-  proname => 'numeric', prorettype => 'numeric', proargtypes => 'int4',
-  prosrc => 'int4_numeric' },
+  proname => 'numeric', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'numeric',
+  proargtypes => 'int4', prosrc => 'int4_numeric' },
 { oid => '1741', descr => 'base 10 logarithm',
   proname => 'log', prolang => 'sql', prorettype => 'numeric',
   proargtypes => 'numeric', prosrc => 'select pg_catalog.log(10, $1)' },
@@ -4330,11 +4330,11 @@
   proname => 'log10', prolang => 'sql', prorettype => 'numeric',
   proargtypes => 'numeric', prosrc => 'select pg_catalog.log(10, $1)' },
 { oid => '1742', descr => 'convert float4 to numeric',
-  proname => 'numeric', prorettype => 'numeric', proargtypes => 'float4',
-  prosrc => 'float4_numeric' },
+  proname => 'numeric', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'numeric',
+  proargtypes => 'float4', prosrc => 'float4_numeric' },
 { oid => '1743', descr => 'convert float8 to numeric',
-  proname => 'numeric', prorettype => 'numeric', proargtypes => 'float8',
-  prosrc => 'float8_numeric' },
+  proname => 'numeric', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'numeric',
+  proargtypes => 'float8', prosrc => 'float8_numeric' },
 { oid => '1744', descr => 'convert numeric to int4',
   proname => 'int4', prorettype => 'int4', proargtypes => 'numeric',
   prosrc => 'numeric_int4' },
@@ -4390,11 +4390,11 @@
   proname => 'int8', prorettype => 'int8', proargtypes => 'numeric',
   prosrc => 'numeric_int8' },
 { oid => '1781', descr => 'convert int8 to numeric',
-  proname => 'numeric', prorettype => 'numeric', proargtypes => 'int8',
-  prosrc => 'int8_numeric' },
+  proname => 'numeric', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'numeric',
+  proargtypes => 'int8', prosrc => 'int8_numeric' },
 { oid => '1782', descr => 'convert int2 to numeric',
-  proname => 'numeric', prorettype => 'numeric', proargtypes => 'int2',
-  prosrc => 'int2_numeric' },
+  proname => 'numeric', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'numeric',
+  proargtypes => 'int2', prosrc => 'int2_numeric' },
 { oid => '1783', descr => 'convert numeric to int2',
   proname => 'int2', prorettype => 'int2', proargtypes => 'numeric',
   prosrc => 'numeric_int2' },
@@ -7755,7 +7755,8 @@
 { oid => '2510', descr => 'get the prepared statements for this session',
   proname => 'pg_prepared_statement', prorows => '1000', proretset => 't',
   provolatile => 's', proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'record',
-  proargtypes => '', proallargtypes => '{text,text,timestamptz,_regtype,bool,int8,int8}',
+  proargtypes => '',
+  proallargtypes => '{text,text,timestamptz,_regtype,bool,int8,int8}',
   proargmodes => '{o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
   proargnames => '{name,statement,prepare_time,parameter_types,from_sql,generic_plans,custom_plans}',
   prosrc => 'pg_prepared_statement' },
@@ -7933,11 +7934,11 @@
   prosrc => 'pg_tablespace_databases' },
 
 { oid => '2557', descr => 'convert int4 to boolean',
-  proname => 'bool', prorettype => 'bool', proargtypes => 'int4',
-  prosrc => 'int4_bool' },
+  proname => 'bool', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'bool',
+  proargtypes => 'int4', prosrc => 'int4_bool' },
 { oid => '2558', descr => 'convert boolean to int4',
-  proname => 'int4', prorettype => 'int4', proargtypes => 'bool',
-  prosrc => 'bool_int4' },
+  proname => 'int4', proleakproof => 't', prorettype => 'int4',
+  proargtypes => 'bool', prosrc => 'bool_int4' },
 { oid => '2559', descr => 'current value from last used sequence',
   proname => 'lastval', provolatile => 'v', proparallel => 'u',
   prorettype => 'int8', proargtypes => '', prosrc => 'lastval' },

src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out

@@ -572,6 +572,8 @@ int24ge(smallint,integer)
 int42ge(integer,smallint)
 oideq(oid,oid)
 oidne(oid,oid)
+float8(smallint)
+float4(smallint)
 nameeqtext(name,text)
 namelttext(name,text)
 nameletext(name,text)
@@ -610,6 +612,10 @@ float84lt(double precision,real)
 float84le(double precision,real)
 float84gt(double precision,real)
 float84ge(double precision,real)
+float8(real)
+int4(smallint)
+float8(integer)
+float4(integer)
 btint2cmp(smallint,smallint)
 btint4cmp(integer,integer)
 btfloat4cmp(real,real)
@@ -620,6 +626,9 @@ btnamecmp(name,name)
 bttextcmp(text,text)
 cash_cmp(money,money)
 btoidvectorcmp(oidvector,oidvector)
+text(name)
+name(text)
+name(character)
 text_larger(text,text)
 text_smaller(text,text)
 int8eq(bigint,bigint)
@@ -634,7 +643,10 @@ int84lt(bigint,integer)
 int84gt(bigint,integer)
 int84le(bigint,integer)
 int84ge(bigint,integer)
+int8(integer)
+float8(bigint)
 oidvectorne(oidvector,oidvector)
+float4(bigint)
 namelt(name,name)
 namele(name,name)
 namegt(name,name)
@@ -651,6 +663,7 @@ text_lt(text,text)
 text_le(text,text)
 text_gt(text,text)
 text_ge(text,text)
+int8(smallint)
 macaddr_eq(macaddr,macaddr)
 macaddr_lt(macaddr,macaddr)
 macaddr_le(macaddr,macaddr)
@@ -716,6 +729,7 @@ interval_ge(interval,interval)
 interval_gt(interval,interval)
 charlt("char","char")
 tidne(tid,tid)
+int8(oid)
 tideq(tid,tid)
 timestamptz_cmp(timestamp with time zone,timestamp with time zone)
 interval_cmp(interval,interval)
@@ -727,6 +741,9 @@ timetz_le(time with time zone,time with time zone)
 timetz_ge(time with time zone,time with time zone)
 timetz_gt(time with time zone,time with time zone)
 timetz_cmp(time with time zone,time with time zone)
+"interval"(time without time zone)
+name(character varying)
+"varchar"(name)
 circle_eq(circle,circle)
 circle_ne(circle,circle)
 circle_lt(circle,circle)
@@ -757,6 +774,11 @@ varbitcmp(bit varying,bit varying)
 boolle(boolean,boolean)
 boolge(boolean,boolean)
 btboolcmp(boolean,boolean)
+"numeric"(integer)
+"numeric"(real)
+"numeric"(double precision)
+"numeric"(bigint)
+"numeric"(smallint)
 int28eq(smallint,bigint)
 int28ne(smallint,bigint)
 int28lt(smallint,bigint)
@@ -803,6 +825,8 @@ btfloat48cmp(real,double precision)
 btfloat84cmp(double precision,real)
 md5(text)
 md5(bytea)
+bool(integer)
+int4(boolean)
 tidgt(tid,tid)
 tidlt(tid,tid)
 tidge(tid,tid)
@@ -837,6 +861,7 @@ macaddr8_gt(macaddr8,macaddr8)
 macaddr8_ge(macaddr8,macaddr8)
 macaddr8_ne(macaddr8,macaddr8)
 macaddr8_cmp(macaddr8,macaddr8)
+macaddr8(macaddr)
 xid8lt(xid8,xid8)
 xid8gt(xid8,xid8)
 xid8le(xid8,xid8)