Fix lquery's behavior for consecutive '*' items.

Something like "*{2}.*{3}" should presumably mean the same as
"*{5}", but it didn't.  Improve that.

Get rid of an undocumented and remarkably ugly (though not, as far as
I can tell, actually unsafe) static variable in favor of passing more
arguments to checkCond().

Reverse-engineer some commentary.  This function, like all of ltree,
is still far short of what I would consider the minimum acceptable
level of internal documentation, but at least now it has more than
zero comments.

Although this certainly seems like a bug fix, people might not
thank us for changing query behavior in stable branches, so
no back-patch.

Nikita Glukhov, with cosmetic improvements by me

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAP_rww=waX2Oo6q+MbMSiZ9ktdj6eaJj0cQzNu=Ry2cCDij5fw@mail.gmail.com

contrib/ltree/expected/ltree.out

@@ -959,6 +959,30 @@ SELECT 'a.b.c.d.e'::ltree ~ '*.!b.*.!c.*';
  f
 (1 row)
 
+SELECT 'a.b.c.d.e'::ltree ~ 'a.*{2}.*{2}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a.b.c.d.e'::ltree ~ 'a.*{1}.*{2}.e';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a.b.c.d.e'::ltree ~ 'a.*{1}.*{4}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a.b.c.d.e'::ltree ~ 'a.*{5}.*';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
 SELECT 'QWER_TY'::ltree ~ 'q%@*';
  ?column? 
 ----------

contrib/ltree/lquery_op.c

@@ -98,6 +98,11 @@ ltree_strncasecmp(const char *a, const char *b, size_t s)
 	return res;
 }
 
+/*
+ * See if a (non-star) lquery_level matches an ltree_level
+ *
+ * Does not consider level's possible LQL_NOT flag.
+ */
 static bool
 checkLevel(lquery_level *curq, ltree_level *curt)
 {
@@ -136,42 +141,49 @@ printFieldNot(FieldNot *fn ) {
 }
 */
 
-static struct
+/*
-{
+ * Try to match an lquery (of query_numlevel items) to an ltree (of
-	bool		muse;
+ * tree_numlevel items)
-	uint32		high_pos;
+ *
-}			SomeStack =
+ * If the query contains any NOT flags, "ptr" must point to a FieldNot
-
+ * workspace initialized with ptr->q == NULL.  Otherwise it can be NULL.
-{
+ * (LQL_NOT flags will be ignored if ptr == NULL.)
-	false, 0,
+ *
-};
+ * high_pos is the last ltree position the first lquery item is allowed
-
+ * to match at; it should be zero for external calls.
+ *
+ * force_advance must be false except in internal recursive calls.
+ */
 static bool
-checkCond(lquery_level *curq, int query_numlevel, ltree_level *curt, int tree_numlevel, FieldNot *ptr)
+checkCond(lquery_level *curq, int query_numlevel,
+		  ltree_level *curt, int tree_numlevel,
+		  FieldNot *ptr,
+		  uint32 high_pos,
+		  bool force_advance)
 {
-	uint32		low_pos = 0,
+	uint32		low_pos = 0,	/* first allowed ltree position for match */
-				high_pos = 0,
+				cur_tpos = 0;	/* ltree position of curt */
-				cur_tpos = 0;
+	int			tlen = tree_numlevel,	/* counts of remaining items */
-	int			tlen = tree_numlevel,
 				qlen = query_numlevel;
-	int			isok;
 	lquery_level *prevq = NULL;
-	ltree_level *prevt = NULL;
 
-	if (SomeStack.muse)
+	/* advance curq (setting up prevq) if requested */
+	if (force_advance)
 	{
-		high_pos = SomeStack.high_pos;
+		Assert(qlen > 0);
-		qlen--;
 		prevq = curq;
 		curq = LQL_NEXT(curq);
-		SomeStack.muse = false;
+		qlen--;
 	}
 
 	while (tlen > 0 && qlen > 0)
 	{
 		if (curq->numvar)
 		{
-			prevt = curt;
+			/* Current query item is not '*' */
+			ltree_level *prevt = curt;
+
+			/* skip tree items that must be ignored due to prior * items */
 			while (cur_tpos < low_pos)
 			{
 				curt = LEVEL_NEXT(curt);
@@ -183,8 +195,9 @@ checkCond(lquery_level *curq, int query_numlevel, ltree_level *curt, int tree_nu
 					ptr->nt++;
 			}
 
-			if (ptr && curq->flag & LQL_NOT)
+			if (ptr && (curq->flag & LQL_NOT))
 			{
+				/* Deal with a NOT item */
 				if (!(prevq && prevq->numvar == 0))
 					prevq = curq;
 				if (ptr->q == NULL)
@@ -212,25 +225,30 @@ checkCond(lquery_level *curq, int query_numlevel, ltree_level *curt, int tree_nu
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				isok = false;
+				/* Not a NOT item, check for normal match */
+				bool		isok = false;
+
 				while (cur_tpos <= high_pos && tlen > 0 && !isok)
 				{
 					isok = checkLevel(curq, curt);
 					curt = LEVEL_NEXT(curt);
 					tlen--;
 					cur_tpos++;
-					if (isok && prevq && prevq->numvar == 0 && tlen > 0 && cur_tpos <= high_pos)
+					if (isok && prevq && prevq->numvar == 0 &&
+						tlen > 0 && cur_tpos <= high_pos)
 					{
 						FieldNot	tmpptr;
 
 						if (ptr)
 							memcpy(&tmpptr, ptr, sizeof(FieldNot));
-						SomeStack.high_pos = high_pos - cur_tpos;
+						if (checkCond(prevq, qlen + 1,
-						SomeStack.muse = true;
+									  curt, tlen,
-						if (checkCond(prevq, qlen + 1, curt, tlen, (ptr) ? &tmpptr : NULL))
+									  (ptr) ? &tmpptr : NULL,
+									  high_pos - cur_tpos,
+									  true))
 							return true;
 					}
-					if (!isok && ptr)
+					if (!isok && ptr && ptr->q)
 						ptr->nt++;
 				}
 				if (!isok)
@@ -238,7 +256,11 @@ checkCond(lquery_level *curq, int query_numlevel, ltree_level *curt, int tree_nu
 
 				if (ptr && ptr->q)
 				{
-					if (checkCond(ptr->q, ptr->nq, ptr->t, ptr->nt, NULL))
+					if (checkCond(ptr->q, ptr->nq,
+								  ptr->t, ptr->nt,
+								  NULL,
+								  0,
+								  false))
 						return false;
 					ptr->q = NULL;
 				}
@@ -248,8 +270,14 @@ checkCond(lquery_level *curq, int query_numlevel, ltree_level *curt, int tree_nu
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			low_pos = cur_tpos + curq->low;
+			/* Current query item is '*' */
-			high_pos = cur_tpos + curq->high;
+			low_pos += curq->low;
+
+			if (low_pos > tree_numlevel)
+				return false;
+
+			high_pos = Min(high_pos + curq->high, tree_numlevel);
+
 			if (ptr && ptr->q)
 			{
 				ptr->nq++;
@@ -263,9 +291,11 @@ checkCond(lquery_level *curq, int query_numlevel, ltree_level *curt, int tree_nu
 		qlen--;
 	}
 
+	/* Fail if we've already run out of ltree items */
 	if (low_pos > tree_numlevel || tree_numlevel > high_pos)
 		return false;
 
+	/* Remaining lquery items must be NOT or '*' items */
 	while (qlen > 0)
 	{
 		if (curq->numvar)
@@ -275,18 +305,29 @@ checkCond(lquery_level *curq, int query_numlevel, ltree_level *curt, int tree_nu
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			low_pos = cur_tpos + curq->low;
+			low_pos += curq->low;
-			high_pos = cur_tpos + curq->high;
+
+			if (low_pos > tree_numlevel)
+				return false;
+
+			high_pos = Min(high_pos + curq->high, tree_numlevel);
 		}
 
 		curq = LQL_NEXT(curq);
 		qlen--;
 	}
 
+	/* Fail if trailing '*'s require more ltree items than we have */
 	if (low_pos > tree_numlevel || tree_numlevel > high_pos)
 		return false;
 
-	if (ptr && ptr->q && checkCond(ptr->q, ptr->nq, ptr->t, ptr->nt, NULL))
+	/* Finish pending NOT check, if any */
+	if (ptr && ptr->q &&
+		checkCond(ptr->q, ptr->nq,
+				  ptr->t, ptr->nt,
+				  NULL,
+				  0,
+				  false))
 		return false;
 
 	return true;
@@ -306,12 +347,18 @@ ltq_regex(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		fn.q = NULL;
 
 		res = checkCond(LQUERY_FIRST(query), query->numlevel,
-						LTREE_FIRST(tree), tree->numlevel, &fn);
+						LTREE_FIRST(tree), tree->numlevel,
+						&fn,
+						0,
+						false);
 	}
 	else
 	{
 		res = checkCond(LQUERY_FIRST(query), query->numlevel,
-						LTREE_FIRST(tree), tree->numlevel, NULL);
+						LTREE_FIRST(tree), tree->numlevel,
+						NULL,
+						0,
+						false);
 	}
 
 	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(tree, 0);

contrib/ltree/ltree.h

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ typedef struct
 {
 	int32		val;
 	uint16		len;
-	uint8		flag;
+	uint8		flag;			/* see LVAR_xxx flags below */
 	char		name[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
 } lquery_variant;
 
@@ -47,11 +47,12 @@ typedef struct
 
 typedef struct
 {
-	uint16		totallen;
+	uint16		totallen;		/* total length of this level, in bytes */
-	uint16		flag;
+	uint16		flag;			/* see LQL_xxx flags below */
-	uint16		numvar;
+	uint16		numvar;			/* number of variants; 0 means '*' */
-	uint16		low;
+	uint16		low;			/* minimum repeat count for '*' */
-	uint16		high;
+	uint16		high;			/* maximum repeat count for '*' */
+	/* Array of maxalign'd lquery_variant structs follows: */
 	char		variants[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
 } lquery_level;
 
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ typedef struct
 #define LQL_FIRST(x)	( (lquery_variant*)( ((char*)(x))+LQL_HDRSIZE ) )
 
 #define LQL_NOT		0x10
+
 #ifdef LOWER_NODE
 #define FLG_CANLOOKSIGN(x) ( ( (x) & ( LQL_NOT | LVAR_ANYEND | LVAR_SUBLEXEME ) ) == 0 )
 #else
@@ -70,9 +72,10 @@ typedef struct
 typedef struct
 {
 	int32		vl_len_;		/* varlena header (do not touch directly!) */
-	uint16		numlevel;
+	uint16		numlevel;		/* number of lquery_levels */
 	uint16		firstgood;
-	uint16		flag;
+	uint16		flag;			/* see LQUERY_xxx flags below */
+	/* Array of maxalign'd lquery_level structs follows: */
 	char		data[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
 } lquery;
 

contrib/ltree/sql/ltree.sql

@@ -179,7 +179,10 @@ SELECT 'a.b.c.d.e'::ltree ~ 'a.!b.*{1}.!c.*';
 SELECT 'a.b.c.d.e'::ltree ~ '!b.*{1}.!c.*';
 SELECT 'a.b.c.d.e'::ltree ~ '*.!b.*{1}.!c.*';
 SELECT 'a.b.c.d.e'::ltree ~ '*.!b.*.!c.*';
-
+SELECT 'a.b.c.d.e'::ltree ~ 'a.*{2}.*{2}';
+SELECT 'a.b.c.d.e'::ltree ~ 'a.*{1}.*{2}.e';
+SELECT 'a.b.c.d.e'::ltree ~ 'a.*{1}.*{4}';
+SELECT 'a.b.c.d.e'::ltree ~ 'a.*{5}.*';
 
 SELECT 'QWER_TY'::ltree ~ 'q%@*';
 SELECT 'QWER_TY'::ltree ~ 'Q_t%@*';