diff --git a/src/test/recovery/t/042_low_level_backup.pl b/src/test/recovery/t/042_low_level_backup.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..213b85dbfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/recovery/t/042_low_level_backup.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+
+# Copyright (c) 2024, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+
+# Test low-level backup method by using pg_backup_start() and pg_backup_stop()
+# to create backups.
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use File::Copy qw(copy);
+use File::Path qw(rmtree);
+use PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster;
+use PostgreSQL::Test::Utils;
+use Test::More;
+
+# Start primary node with archiving.
+my $node_primary = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('primary');
+$node_primary->init(has_archiving => 1, allows_streaming => 1);
+$node_primary->start;
+
+# Start backup.
+my $backup_name = 'backup1';
+my $psql = $node_primary->background_psql('postgres');
+
+$psql->query_safe("SET client_min_messages TO WARNING");
+$psql->set_query_timer_restart;
+$psql->query_safe("select pg_backup_start('test label')");
+
+# Copy files.
+my $backup_dir = $node_primary->backup_dir . '/' . $backup_name;
+
+PostgreSQL::Test::RecursiveCopy::copypath($node_primary->data_dir,
+	$backup_dir);
+
+# Cleanup some files/paths that should not be in the backup.  There is no
+# attempt to handle all the exclusions done by pg_basebackup here, in part
+# because these are not required, but also to keep the test simple.
+#
+# Also remove pg_control because it needs to be copied later.
+unlink("$backup_dir/postmaster.pid")
+  or BAIL_OUT("unable to unlink $backup_dir/postmaster.pid");
+unlink("$backup_dir/postmaster.opts")
+  or BAIL_OUT("unable to unlink $backup_dir/postmaster.opts");
+unlink("$backup_dir/global/pg_control")
+  or BAIL_OUT("unable to unlink $backup_dir/global/pg_control");
+
+rmtree("$backup_dir/pg_wal")
+  or BAIL_OUT("unable to unlink contents of $backup_dir/pg_wal");
+mkdir("$backup_dir/pg_wal");
+
+# Create a table that will be used to verify that recovery started at the
+# correct location, rather than a location recorded in the control file.
+$psql->query_safe("create table canary (id int)");
+
+# Advance the checkpoint location in pg_control past the location where the
+# backup started.  Switch WAL to make it really clear that the location is
+# different and to put the checkpoint in a new WAL segment.
+$psql->query_safe("select pg_switch_wal()");
+$psql->query_safe("checkpoint");
+
+# Copy pg_control last so it contains the new checkpoint.
+copy($node_primary->data_dir . '/global/pg_control',
+	"$backup_dir/global/pg_control")
+  or BAIL_OUT("unable to copy global/pg_control");
+
+# Stop backup and get backup_label
+my $backup_label =
+  $psql->query_safe("select labelfile from pg_backup_stop()");
+
+$psql->quit;
+
+# Rather than writing out backup_label, try to recover the backup without
+# backup_label to demonstrate that recovery will not work correctly without it,
+# i.e. the canary table will be missing and the cluster will be corrupted.
+# Provide only the WAL segment that recovery will think it needs.
+#
+# The point of this test is to explicitly demonstrate that backup_label is
+# being used in a later test to get the correct recovery info.
+my $node_replica = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('replica_fail');
+$node_replica->init_from_backup($node_primary, $backup_name);
+my $canary_query = "select count(*) from pg_class where relname = 'canary'";
+
+copy(
+	$node_primary->archive_dir . '/000000010000000000000003',
+	$node_replica->data_dir . '/pg_wal/000000010000000000000003'
+) or BAIL_OUT("unable to copy 000000010000000000000003");
+
+$node_replica->start;
+
+ok($node_replica->safe_psql('postgres', $canary_query) == 0,
+	'canary is missing');
+
+# Check log to ensure that crash recovery was used as there is no
+# backup_label.
+ok( $node_replica->log_contains(
+		'database system was not properly shut down; automatic recovery in progress'
+	),
+	'verify backup recovery performed with crash recovery');
+
+$node_replica->teardown_node;
+$node_replica->clean_node;
+
+# Save backup_label into the backup directory and recover using the primary's
+# archive.  This time recovery will succeed and the canary table will be
+# present.
+append_to_file("$backup_dir/backup_label", $backup_label);
+
+$node_replica = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('replica_success');
+$node_replica->init_from_backup($node_primary, $backup_name,
+	has_restoring => 1);
+$node_replica->start;
+
+ok($node_replica->safe_psql('postgres', $canary_query) == 1,
+	'canary is present');
+
+# Check log to ensure that backup_label was used for recovery.
+ok($node_replica->log_contains('starting backup recovery with redo LSN'),
+	'verify backup recovery performed with backup_label');
+
+done_testing();