A bunch of small doco updates motivated by scanning the comments on
the interactive docs.
This commit is contained in:
Tom Lane
parent
9f07cb70db
commit
9b03776ff2
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
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<Title><ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Architectural Concepts</Title>
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<Para>
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Before we continue, you should understand the basic
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Before we begin, you should understand the basic
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<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> system architecture. Understanding how the
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parts of <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> interact will make the next chapter
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somewhat clearer.
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@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
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<ItemizedList>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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A supervisory daemon process (<Application>postmaster</Application>),
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A supervisory daemon process (the <Application>postmaster</Application>),
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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the one or more backend database servers (the <Application>postgres</Application> process itself).
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one or more backend database servers (the <Application>postgres</Application> process itself).
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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</ItemizedList>
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@ -34,9 +34,10 @@
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<Para>
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A single <Application>postmaster</Application> manages a given collection of
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databases on a single host. Such a collection of
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databases is called a cluster (of databases). Frontend
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applications that wish to access a given database
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within a cluster make calls to the library.
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databases is called a cluster (of databases). A frontend
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application that wishes to access a given database
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within a cluster makes calls to an interface library (eg, libpq)
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that is linked into the application.
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The library sends user requests over the network to the
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<Application>postmaster</Application>
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(<XRef LinkEnd="PGARCH-CONNECTIONS">(a)),
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@ -58,30 +59,39 @@ which in turn starts a new backend server process
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From that point on, the frontend process and the backend
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server communicate without intervention by the
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<Application>postmaster</Application>. Hence, the <Application>postmaster</Application> is always running, waiting
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for requests, whereas frontend and backend processes
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for connection requests, whereas frontend and backend processes
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come and go. The <FileName>libpq</FileName> library allows a single
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frontend to make multiple connections to backend processes.
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However, the frontend application is still a
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single-threaded process. Multithreaded frontend/backend
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connections are not currently supported in <FileName>libpq</FileName>.
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However, each backend process is a single-threaded process that can
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only execute one query at a time; so the communication over any one
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frontend-to-backend connection is single-threaded.
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</Para>
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<Para>
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One implication of this architecture is that the
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<Application>postmaster</Application> and the backend always run on the same
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machine (the database server), while the frontend
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<Application>postmaster</Application> and the backend always run on the
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same machine (the database server), while the frontend
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application may run anywhere. You should keep this
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in mind,
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because the files that can be accessed on a client
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machine may not be accessible (or may only be accessed
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using a different file name) on the database server
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using a different path name) on the database server
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machine.
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</Para>
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<Para>
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You should also be aware that the <Application>postmaster</Application> and
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postgres servers run with the user-id of the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
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"superuser."
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<quote>superuser</>.
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Note that the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> superuser does not
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have to be a special user (e.g., a user named
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have to be any particular user (e.g., a user named
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<literal>postgres</literal>), although many systems are installed that way.
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Furthermore, the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> superuser should
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definitely not be the Unix superuser, <literal>root</literal>! In any
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case, all files relating to a database should belong to
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definitely not be the Unix superuser, <literal>root</literal>!
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It is safest if the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> superuser is an
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ordinary, unprivileged user so far as the surrounding Unix system is
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concerned.
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In any case, all files relating to a database should belong to
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this <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> superuser.
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</Para>
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</sect1>
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/array.sgml,v 1.13 2001/11/03 21:42:47 tgl Exp $ -->
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<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/array.sgml,v 1.14 2001/11/19 03:58:23 tgl Exp $ -->
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<chapter id="arrays">
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<title>Arrays</title>
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@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ CREATE TABLE sal_emp (
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schedule text[][]
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);
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</programlisting>
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As shown, an array data type is named by appending square brackets
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(<literal>[ ]</>) to the data type name of the array elements.
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The above query will create a table named
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<structname>sal_emp</structname> with a <type>text</type> string
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(<structfield>name</structfield>), a one-dimensional array of type
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@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ CREATE TABLE sal_emp (
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<para>
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Now we do some <command>INSERT</command>s. Observe that to write an array
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value, we enclose the element values within braces and separate them
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value, we enclose the element values within curly braces and separate them
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by commas. If you know C, this is not unlike the syntax for
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initializing structures.
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@ -63,6 +65,7 @@ SELECT name FROM sal_emp WHERE pay_by_quarter[1] <> pay_by_quarter[2];
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(1 row)
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</programlisting>
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The array subscript numbers are written within square brackets.
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<productname>Postgres</productname> uses the
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<quote>one-based</quote> numbering convention for arrays, that is,
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an array of n elements starts with <literal>array[1]</literal> and
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@ -163,7 +166,7 @@ CREATE TABLE tictactoe (
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<para>
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Actually, the current implementation does not enforce the declared
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number of dimensions either. Arrays of a particular base type are
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number of dimensions either. Arrays of a particular element type are
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all considered to be of the same type, regardless of size or number
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of dimensions.
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</para>
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@ -236,4 +239,13 @@ SELECT * FROM sal_emp WHERE pay_by_quarter **= 10000;
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</para>
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</tip>
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<note>
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<para>
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A limitation of the present array implementation is that individual
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elements of an array cannot be SQL NULLs. The entire array can be set
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to NULL, but you can't have an array with some elements NULL and some
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not. Fixing this is on the TODO list.
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</para>
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</note>
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</chapter>
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/charset.sgml,v 2.16 2001/11/18 20:33:32 petere Exp $ -->
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<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/charset.sgml,v 2.17 2001/11/19 03:58:24 tgl Exp $ -->
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<chapter id="charset">
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<title>Localization</>
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@ -176,11 +176,11 @@ export LANG=sv_SE
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for any particular database cluster, or indexes on text columns will
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become corrupt. <productname>Postgres</productname> enforces this
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by recording the values of <envar>LC_COLLATE</> and <envar>LC_CTYPE</>
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that are seen by <command>initdb</>. The server automatically adopts
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that are seen by <application>initdb</>. The server automatically adopts
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those two values when it is started; only the other <envar>LC_</>
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categories can be set from the environment at server startup.
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In short, only one collation order can be used in a database cluster,
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and it is chosen at <command>initdb</> time.
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and it is chosen at <application>initdb</> time.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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@ -256,6 +256,18 @@ perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
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man page of your system if you are not sure.
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</para>
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<para>
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Check that <productname>PostgreSQL</> is actually using the locale that
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you think it is. <envar>LC_COLLATE</> and <envar>LC_CTYPE</> settings are
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determined at <application>initdb</> time and cannot be changed without
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repeating <application>initdb</>. Other locale settings including
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<envar>LC_MESSAGES</> and <envar>LC_MONETARY</> are determined by the
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environment the postmaster is started in, and can be changed with a simple
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postmaster restart. You can check the <envar>LC_COLLATE</> and
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<envar>LC_CTYPE</> settings of
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a database with the <filename>contrib/pg_controldata</> utility program.
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</para>
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<para>
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The directory <filename>src/test/locale</> contains a test suite
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for <productname>PostgreSQL</>'s locale support.
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/client-auth.sgml,v 1.27 2001/11/18 23:24:16 tgl Exp $ -->
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<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/client-auth.sgml,v 1.28 2001/11/19 03:58:24 tgl Exp $ -->
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<chapter id="client-authentication">
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<title>Client Authentication</title>
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@ -541,14 +541,34 @@ local all md5 admins
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In order to use <productname>Kerberos</>, support for it must be
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enabled at build time. Both Kerberos 4 and 5 are supported
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(<literal>./configure --with-krb4</> or <literal>./configure
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--with-krb5</> respectively).
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--with-krb5</> respectively), although only one version can be
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supported in any one build.
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</para>
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<para>
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<productname>Postgres</> should operate like a normal Kerberos
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service. The name of the service principal is normally
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<literal>postgres</literal>, unless it was changed during the
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build. Make sure that your server key file is readable (and
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<productname>Postgres</> operates like a normal Kerberos service.
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The name of the service principal is
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<replaceable>servicename/hostname@realm</>, where
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<replaceable>servicename</> is <literal>postgres</literal>
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(unless a different service name was selected at configure time
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with <literal>./configure --with-krb-srvnam=whatever</>).
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<replaceable>hostname</> is the fully qualified domain name of the server
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machine. The service principal's realm is the preferred realm of the
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server machine.
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</para>
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<para>
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Client principals must have their <productname>Postgres</> username as
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their first component, for example
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<replaceable>pgusername/otherstuff@realm</>.
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At present the realm of the client is not checked by
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<productname>Postgres</>; so
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if you have cross-realm authentication enabled, then any principal
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in any realm that can communicate with yours will be accepted.
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</para>
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<para>
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Make sure that your server key file is readable (and
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preferably only readable) by the Postgres server account (see
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<xref linkend="postgres-user">). The location of the key file
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is specified with the <varname>krb_server_keyfile</> run time
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</para>
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<para>
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In the <productname>Kerberos</> 5 hooks, the following assumptions
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are made about user and service naming:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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User principal names (anames) are assumed to contain the actual
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Unix/<productname>Postgres</> user name in the first component.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The <productname>Postgres</> service is assumed to be have two
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components, the service name and a host name, canonicalized as
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in Version 4 (i.e., with all domain suffixes removed).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<informaltable>
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<tgroup cols="2">
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Parameter</>
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<entry>Example</>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>user</>
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<entry>frew@S2K.ORG</>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>user</>
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<entry>aoki/HOST=miyu.S2K.Berkeley.EDU@S2K.ORG</>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>host</>
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<entry>postgres_dbms/ucbvax@S2K.ORG</>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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When connecting to the database make sure you have a ticket for a
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principal matching the requested database username.
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An example: For database username <literal>fred</>, both principal
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<literal>fred@EXAMPLE.COM</> and
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<literal>fred/users.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM</> can be
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used to authenticate to the database server.
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</para>
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<para>
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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<!--
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$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml,v 1.69 2001/11/12 21:04:45 tgl Exp $
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$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml,v 1.70 2001/11/19 03:58:22 tgl Exp $
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-->
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<chapter id="datatype">
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@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml,v 1.69 2001/11/12 21:04:45 tg
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<entry><type>bigint</></entry>
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<entry>8 bytes</entry>
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<entry>Very large range fixed-precision</entry>
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<entry>about 18 decimal digits</entry>
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<entry>-9223372036854775807 to 9223372036854775807</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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@ -1538,22 +1538,29 @@ January 8 04:05:06 1999 PST
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</indexterm>
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<para>
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<type>interval</type>s can be specified with the following syntax:
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<type>interval</type> values can be written with the following syntax:
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<programlisting>
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Quantity Unit [Quantity Unit...] [Direction]
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@ Quantity Unit [Direction]
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@ Quantity Unit [Quantity Unit...] [Direction]
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</programlisting>
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where: <literal>Quantity</literal> is ..., <literal>-1</literal>,
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<literal>0</literal>, <literal>1</literal>, <literal>2</literal>, ...;
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where: <literal>Quantity</literal> is an integer (possibly signed);
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<literal>Unit</literal> is <literal>second</literal>,
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<literal>minute</literal>, <literal>hour</literal>, <literal>day</literal>,
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<literal>week</literal>, <literal>month</literal>, <literal>year</literal>,
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<literal>decade</literal>, <literal>century</literal>, <literal>millennium</literal>,
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or abbreviations or plurals of these units;
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<literal>Direction</literal> can be <literal>ago</literal> or
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empty.
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empty. The at sign (<literal>@</>) is optional noise. The amounts
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of different quantities are implicitly added up with appropriate
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sign accounting.
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</para>
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<para>
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Quantities of days, hours, minutes, and seconds can be specified without
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explicit unit markings: for example, <literal>'1 12:59:10'</> is read
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the same as <literal>'1 day 12 hours 59 min 10 sec'</>.
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</para>
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</sect3>
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|
|
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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<!--
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$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml,v 1.80 2001/11/18 21:17:10 tgl Exp $
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$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml,v 1.81 2001/11/19 03:58:23 tgl Exp $
|
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Postgres documentation
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-->
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|
|
@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ Postgres documentation
|
|||
</row>
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<row>
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<entry><function>char_length</function>(<parameter>string</parameter>) or character_length(<parameter>string</parameter>)</entry>
|
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<entry><function>char_length</function>(<parameter>string</parameter>) or <function>character_length</function>(<parameter>string</parameter>)</entry>
|
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<entry><type>integer</type></entry>
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<entry>
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length of string
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|
|
@ -981,6 +981,25 @@ Postgres documentation
|
|||
<entry><literal>Hi Thomas</literal></entry>
|
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</row>
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||||
|
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<row>
|
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<entry><function>length</function>(<parameter>string</parameter>)</entry>
|
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<entry><type>integer</type></entry>
|
||||
<entry>
|
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length of string
|
||||
<indexterm>
|
||||
<primary>character strings</primary>
|
||||
<secondary>length</secondary>
|
||||
</indexterm>
|
||||
<indexterm>
|
||||
<primary>length</primary>
|
||||
<secondary>character strings</secondary>
|
||||
<see>character strings, length</see>
|
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</indexterm>
|
||||
</entry>
|
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<entry><literal>length('jose')</></entry>
|
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<entry><literal>4</></entry>
|
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</row>
|
||||
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>
|
||||
<function>lpad</function>(<parameter>string</parameter> <type>text</type>,
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|
|
@ -4084,6 +4103,32 @@ SELECT NULLIF(value, '(none)') ...
|
|||
<literal>TRIGGER</>. (Case of the string is not significant, however.)
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<title>System Information Functions</>
|
||||
<tgroup cols="3">
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row><entry>Name</> <entry>Return Type</> <entry>Description</></row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>version</>
|
||||
<entry>text</>
|
||||
<entry>PostgreSQL version information</>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<indexterm zone="functions-misc">
|
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<primary>version</primary>
|
||||
</indexterm>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<function>version()</> returns a string describing the PostgreSQL
|
||||
server's version.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
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|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
|||
<!--
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/inherit.sgml,v 1.15 2001/09/13 15:55:22 petere Exp $
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/inherit.sgml,v 1.16 2001/11/19 03:58:23 tgl Exp $
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<chapter id="inherit">
|
||||
|
|
@ -171,6 +171,16 @@ SET SQL_Inheritance TO OFF;
|
|||
or add a line in your <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> file.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
A limitation of the inheritance feature is that indexes (including
|
||||
unique constraints) and foreign key constraints only apply to single
|
||||
tables, not to their inheritance children. Thus, in the above example,
|
||||
specifying that another table's column <literal>REFERENCES cities(name)</>
|
||||
would allow the other table to contain city names but not capital names.
|
||||
This deficiency will probably be fixed in some future release.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<tip>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
If you are using Windows NT/2000 you can build and use all of
|
||||
If you are using Windows 98 or newer you can build and use all of
|
||||
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> <quote>the Unix way</quote>
|
||||
if you install the <productname>Cygwin</productname> toolkit first.
|
||||
In that case see <xref linkend="installation">.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/installation.sgml,v 1.63 2001/10/31 20:35:02 petere Exp $ -->
|
||||
<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/installation.sgml,v 1.64 2001/11/19 03:58:24 tgl Exp $ -->
|
||||
|
||||
<chapter id="installation">
|
||||
<title><![%standalone-include[<productname>PostgreSQL</>]]>
|
||||
|
|
@ -162,7 +162,8 @@ su - postgres
|
|||
<title>Getting The Source</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The <productname>PostgreSQL</> &version; sources can by obtained from <ulink
|
||||
The <productname>PostgreSQL</> &version; sources can be obtained by
|
||||
anonymous FTP from <ulink
|
||||
url="ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/postgresql-&version;.tar.gz"></ulink>.
|
||||
Use a mirror if possible. Then unpack it:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
|
|
@ -904,6 +905,7 @@ All of PostgreSQL is successfully made. Ready to install.
|
|||
<screen>
|
||||
<userinput>gmake check</userinput>
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
(This won't work as root; do it as an unprivileged user.)
|
||||
It is possible that some tests fail, due to differences in error
|
||||
message wording or floating point results.
|
||||
<![%standalone-include[The file
|
||||
|
|
@ -1120,7 +1122,7 @@ libpq.so.2.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
|
|||
shell start-up file, such as <filename>~/.bash_profile</> (or
|
||||
<filename>/etc/profile</>, if you want it to affect every user):
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/pgsql/bin
|
||||
PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH
|
||||
</programlisting>
|
||||
If you are using <command>csh</> or <command>tcsh</>, then use this command:
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1137,7 +1139,7 @@ set path = ( /usr/local/pgsql/bin $path )
|
|||
documentation, you need to add a line like the following to a
|
||||
shell start-up file:
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
MANPATH=$MANPATH:/usr/local/pgsql/man
|
||||
MANPATH=/usr/local/pgsql/man:$MANPATH
|
||||
</programlisting>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
|||
<!--
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/libpq++.sgml,v 1.33 2001/10/12 23:32:34 momjian Exp $
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/libpq++.sgml,v 1.34 2001/11/19 03:58:24 tgl Exp $
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<chapter id="libpqplusplus">
|
||||
|
|
@ -217,6 +217,9 @@ $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/libpq++.sgml,v 1.33 2001/10/12 23:32:
|
|||
<synopsis>
|
||||
PgConnection::PgConnection(const char *conninfo)
|
||||
</synopsis>
|
||||
The <quote>conninfo</> string is the same as for the underlying
|
||||
libpq <function>PQconnectdb</> function.
|
||||
|
||||
Although typically called from one of the access classes, a connection to
|
||||
a backend server is possible by creating a <classname>PgConnection</> object.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
|||
<!--
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/libpq.sgml,v 1.76 2001/11/18 21:28:00 tgl Exp $
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/libpq.sgml,v 1.77 2001/11/19 03:58:23 tgl Exp $
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<chapter id="libpq">
|
||||
|
|
@ -78,11 +78,12 @@ PGconn *PQconnectdb(const char *conninfo)
|
|||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Each parameter setting is in the form <literal>keyword = value</literal>.
|
||||
(To write a null value or a value containing
|
||||
(To write an empty value or a value containing
|
||||
spaces, surround it with single quotes, e.g.,
|
||||
<literal>keyword = 'a value'</literal>.
|
||||
Single quotes within the value must be written as <literal>\'</literal>.
|
||||
Spaces around the equal sign are optional.) The currently recognized
|
||||
Single quotes and backslashes within the value must be escaped with a
|
||||
backslash, e.g., <literal>\'</literal> or <literal>\\</literal>.)
|
||||
Spaces around the equal sign are optional. The currently recognized
|
||||
parameter keywords are:
|
||||
|
||||
<variablelist>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
|||
<!--
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/manage.sgml,v 1.18 2001/11/18 00:38:00 tgl Exp $
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/manage.sgml,v 1.19 2001/11/19 03:58:24 tgl Exp $
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<Chapter Id="manage">
|
||||
|
|
@ -90,32 +90,37 @@ ERROR: CREATE DATABASE: Permission denied.
|
|||
Once you have constructed a database, you can access it
|
||||
by:
|
||||
|
||||
<ItemizedList Mark="bullet" Spacing="compact">
|
||||
<ListItem>
|
||||
<Para>
|
||||
running the <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> interactive terminal
|
||||
<Application>psql</Application> which allows you to interactively
|
||||
enter, edit, and execute <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> commands.
|
||||
</Para>
|
||||
</ListItem>
|
||||
<ListItem>
|
||||
<Para>
|
||||
writing a C program using the <application>LIBPQ</application> subroutine
|
||||
library. This allows you to submit <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> commands
|
||||
from C and get answers and status messages back to
|
||||
your program. This interface is discussed further
|
||||
in <citetitle>The PostgreSQL Programmer's Guide</citetitle>.
|
||||
</Para>
|
||||
</ListItem>
|
||||
<ListItem>
|
||||
<Para>
|
||||
writing a program in other languages for which there are available interface
|
||||
libraries.
|
||||
</Para>
|
||||
</ListItem>
|
||||
</ItemizedList>
|
||||
<itemizedlist spacing="compact" mark="bullet">
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Running the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> interactive
|
||||
terminal program, called <quote>psql</quote>, which allows you
|
||||
to interactively enter, edit, and execute
|
||||
<acronym>SQL</acronym> commands.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
You might want to start up <Application>psql</Application>,
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Using an existing graphical frontend tool like
|
||||
<application>PgAccess</application> or
|
||||
<application>ApplixWare</application> (via
|
||||
<acronym>ODBC</acronym>) to create and manipulate a database.
|
||||
These possibilities are not covered in this tutorial.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Writing a custom application, using one of the several
|
||||
available language bindings. These possibilities are discussed
|
||||
further in <citetitle>The PostgreSQL Programmer's
|
||||
Guide</citetitle>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
You probably want to start up <Application>psql</Application>,
|
||||
to try out the examples in this manual.
|
||||
It can be activated for the <Database>mydb</Database>
|
||||
database by typing the command:
|
||||
|
|
@ -164,7 +169,7 @@ mydb=> \g
|
|||
To read queries from a file, say <filename>myFile</filename>, instead of
|
||||
entering them interactively, type:
|
||||
<ProgramListing>
|
||||
mydb=> \i fileName
|
||||
mydb=> \i myFile
|
||||
</ProgramListing>
|
||||
|
||||
To get out of <Application>psql</Application> and return to Unix, type
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
|||
<!--
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/pltcl.sgml,v 2.15 2001/10/13 04:23:50 momjian Exp $
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/pltcl.sgml,v 2.16 2001/11/19 03:58:24 tgl Exp $
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<chapter id="pltcl">
|
||||
|
|
@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ spi_exec -array C "SELECT * FROM pg_class" {
|
|||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term><function>spi_exec</> <literal>?-count <replaceable>n</replaceable>? ?-array<replaceable>name</replaceable>? ?-nulls<replaceable>string</replaceable>? <replaceable>queryid</replaceable> ?<replaceable>value-list</replaceable>? ?<replaceable>loop-body</replaceable>?</literal></term>
|
||||
<term><function>spi_execp</> <literal>?-count <replaceable>n</replaceable>? ?-array<replaceable>name</replaceable>? ?-nulls<replaceable>string</replaceable>? <replaceable>queryid</replaceable> ?<replaceable>value-list</replaceable>? ?<replaceable>loop-body</replaceable>?</literal></term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Execute a prepared plan from <function>spi_prepare</> with variable substitution.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/pygresql.sgml,v 1.3 2001/09/13 15:55:23 petere Exp $ -->
|
||||
<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/pygresql.sgml,v 1.4 2001/11/19 03:58:24 tgl Exp $ -->
|
||||
|
||||
<chapter id="pygresql">
|
||||
<title><application>PyGreSQL</application> - <application>Python</application> Interface</title>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2671,11 +2671,13 @@ get_attnames(<replaceable>table</replaceable>)
|
|||
<variablelist>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term>
|
||||
list
|
||||
dictionary
|
||||
</term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
List of attribute names.
|
||||
The dictionary's keys are
|
||||
the attribute names, the values are the type names of
|
||||
the attributes.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2687,7 +2689,8 @@ get_attnames(<replaceable>table</replaceable>)
|
|||
<refsect1 id="R1-PYGRESQL-DB-GET-ATTNAMES-1">
|
||||
<title>Description</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Given the name of a table, digs out the list of attribute names.
|
||||
Given the name of a table, digs out the set of attribute names
|
||||
and types.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</refsect1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/queries.sgml,v 1.11 2001/11/08 23:40:40 petere Exp $ -->
|
||||
<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/queries.sgml,v 1.12 2001/11/19 03:58:24 tgl Exp $ -->
|
||||
|
||||
<chapter id="queries">
|
||||
<title>Queries</title>
|
||||
|
|
@ -910,15 +910,21 @@ SELECT a AS b FROM table1 ORDER BY a;
|
|||
<synopsis>
|
||||
SELECT <replaceable>select_list</replaceable>
|
||||
FROM <replaceable>table_expression</replaceable>
|
||||
<optional>ORDER BY <replaceable>sort_spec</replaceable></optional>
|
||||
<optional>LIMIT { <replaceable>number</replaceable> | ALL }</optional> <optional>OFFSET <replaceable>number</replaceable></optional>
|
||||
</synopsis>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
LIMIT allows you to retrieve just a portion of the rows that are
|
||||
generated by the rest of the query. If a limit count is given, no
|
||||
more than that many rows will be returned. If an offset is given,
|
||||
that many rows will be skipped before starting to return rows.
|
||||
more than that many rows will be returned.
|
||||
LIMIT ALL is the same as omitting a LIMIT clause.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
OFFSET says to skip that many rows before beginning to return rows
|
||||
to the client. OFFSET 0 is the same as omitting an OFFSET clause.
|
||||
If both OFFSET and LIMIT appear, then OFFSET rows are skipped before
|
||||
starting to count the LIMIT rows that are returned.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
|||
<!--
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_trigger.sgml,v 1.17 2001/09/13 18:17:44 petere Exp $
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_trigger.sgml,v 1.18 2001/11/19 03:58:25 tgl Exp $
|
||||
Postgres documentation
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ CREATE TRIGGER <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable> { BEFORE | AFTE
|
|||
<term><replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The name of an existing trigger.
|
||||
The name to give the new trigger.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
|
|
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ CREATE TRIGGER <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable> { BEFORE | AFTE
|
|||
<term><replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable></term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The name of a table.
|
||||
The name of an existing table.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
|||
<!--
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/drop_function.sgml,v 1.14 2001/09/13 19:40:34 petere Exp $
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/drop_function.sgml,v 1.15 2001/11/19 03:58:25 tgl Exp $
|
||||
Postgres documentation
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ DROP FUNCTION <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> ( [ <replaceable
|
|||
<para>
|
||||
<variablelist>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term><replaceable class="parameter"> name</replaceable></term>
|
||||
<term><replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The name of an existing function.
|
||||
|
|
@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ DROP FUNCTION <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> ( [ <replaceable
|
|||
<term><replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The type of function parameters.
|
||||
The type of the function's parameters.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
|
|
@ -99,11 +99,11 @@ NOTICE RemoveFunction: Function "<replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceabl
|
|||
Description
|
||||
</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
DROP FUNCTION will remove references to an existing C
|
||||
DROP FUNCTION will remove the definition of an existing
|
||||
function. To execute this command the user must be the
|
||||
owner of the function. The input argument types to the
|
||||
function must be specified, as only the function with the
|
||||
given name and argument types will be removed.
|
||||
function must be specified, since several different functions
|
||||
may exist with the same name and different argument lists.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</refsect1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -117,8 +117,8 @@ NOTICE RemoveFunction: Function "<replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceabl
|
|||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
No checks are made to ensure that types, operators or access
|
||||
methods that rely on the function have been removed first.
|
||||
No checks are made to ensure that types, operators, access
|
||||
methods, or triggers that rely on the function have been removed first.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</refsect1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
|||
<!--
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_ctl-ref.sgml,v 1.9 2001/09/21 21:10:56 tgl Exp $
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_ctl-ref.sgml,v 1.10 2001/11/19 03:58:25 tgl Exp $
|
||||
Postgres documentation
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -103,9 +103,11 @@ Postgres documentation
|
|||
shutdown methods can be selected with the <option>-m</option>
|
||||
option: <quote>Smart</quote> mode waits for all the clients to
|
||||
disconnect. This is the default. <quote>Fast</quote> mode does
|
||||
not wait for clients to disconnect. All active transactions will
|
||||
be rolled back. <quote>Immediate</quote> mode will abort without
|
||||
complete shutdown. This will lead to a recovery run on restart.
|
||||
not wait for clients to disconnect. All active transactions are
|
||||
rolled back and clients are forcibly disconnected, then the
|
||||
database is shut down. <quote>Immediate</quote> mode will abort
|
||||
all server processes without clean shutdown. This will lead to a recovery
|
||||
run on restart.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
|
|
@ -337,7 +339,7 @@ Command line was:
|
|||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Waiting for complete start is not a well-defined operation and may
|
||||
fail if access control is set up in way that a local client cannot
|
||||
fail if access control is set up so that a local client cannot
|
||||
connect without manual interaction. It should be avoided.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</refsect1>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_restore.sgml,v 1.18 2001/10/23 22:11:22 tgl Exp $ -->
|
||||
<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_restore.sgml,v 1.19 2001/11/19 03:58:25 tgl Exp $ -->
|
||||
|
||||
<refentry id="APP-PGRESTORE">
|
||||
<docinfo>
|
||||
|
|
@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ connectDBStart() -- connect() failed: No such file or directory
|
|||
To reorder database items, it is first necessary to dump the table of
|
||||
contents of the archive:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_restore archive.file -l > archive.list</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_restore -l archive.file > archive.list</userinput>
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
The listing file consists of a header and one line for each item, e.g.,
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
|
|
@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ connectDBStart() -- connect() failed: No such file or directory
|
|||
could be used as input to <command>pg_restore</command> and would only restore
|
||||
items 10 and 6, in that order.
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_restore archive.file -L archive.list</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_restore -L archive.list archive.file</userinput>
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
|||
<!--
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml,v 1.94 2001/11/12 19:19:39 petere Exp $
|
||||
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml,v 1.95 2001/11/19 03:58:24 tgl Exp $
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<Chapter Id="runtime">
|
||||
|
|
@ -324,8 +324,8 @@ su - postgres -c "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl start -l logfile -D /usr/local/pgs
|
|||
FATAL: StreamServerPort: bind() failed: Address already in use
|
||||
Is another postmaster already running on that port?
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
This usually means just what it suggests: you accidentally
|
||||
started a second postmaster on the same port where one is already
|
||||
This usually means just what it suggests: you tried to
|
||||
start a second postmaster on the same port where one is already
|
||||
running. However, if the kernel error message is not
|
||||
<computeroutput>Address already in use</computeroutput> or some
|
||||
variant of that wording, there may be a different problem. For
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
|
|||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The trigger function must be created before the trigger is created as a
|
||||
The trigger function must be defined before the trigger is created as a
|
||||
function taking no arguments and returning opaque. If the function is
|
||||
written in C, it must use the <quote>version 1</> function manager interface.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -976,9 +976,10 @@ The following describes the methods and variables of this class.
|
|||
Parameters:
|
||||
table - name of table
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
List of attribute names
|
||||
Dictionary of attribute names (the names are the keys, the values
|
||||
are the names of the attributes' types)
|
||||
Description:
|
||||
Given the name of a table, digs out the list of attribute names.
|
||||
Given the name of a table, digs out the set of attribute names.
|
||||
|
||||
3.6. get - get a tuple from a database table
|
||||
--------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue