Undo mistaken tightening in join_is_legal().

One of the changes I made in commit 8703059c6b turns out not to have
been such a good idea: we still need the exception in join_is_legal() that
allows a join if both inputs already overlap the RHS of the special join
we're checking.  Otherwise we can miss valid plans, and might indeed fail
to find a plan at all, as in recent report from Andreas Seltenreich.

That code was added way back in commit c17117649b, but I failed to
include a regression test case then; my bad.  Put it back with a better
explanation, and a test this time.  The logic does end up a bit different
than before though: I now believe it's appropriate to make this check
first, thereby allowing such a case whether or not we'd consider the
previous SJ(s) to commute with this one.  (Presumably, we already decided
they did; but it was confusing to have this consideration in the middle
of the code that was handling the other case.)

Back-patch to all active branches, like the previous patch.

src/backend/optimizer/path/joinrels.c

@@ -470,11 +470,30 @@ join_is_legal(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel1, RelOptInfo *rel2,
 		{
 			/*
 			 * Otherwise, the proposed join overlaps the RHS but isn't a valid
-			 * implementation of this SJ.  It might still be a legal join,
-			 * however, if we're allowed to associate it into the RHS of this
-			 * SJ.  That means this SJ must be a LEFT join (not SEMI or ANTI,
-			 * and certainly not FULL) and the proposed join must not overlap
-			 * the LHS.
+			 * implementation of this SJ.  But don't panic quite yet: the RHS
+			 * violation might have occurred previously, in one or both input
+			 * relations, in which case we must have previously decided that
+			 * it was OK to commute some other SJ with this one.  If we need
+			 * to perform this join to finish building up the RHS, rejecting
+			 * it could lead to not finding any plan at all.  (This can occur
+			 * because of the heuristics elsewhere in this file that postpone
+			 * clauseless joins: we might not consider doing a clauseless join
+			 * within the RHS until after we've performed other, validly
+			 * commutable SJs with one or both sides of the clauseless join.)
+			 * This consideration boils down to the rule that if both inputs
+			 * overlap the RHS, we can allow the join --- they are either
+			 * fully within the RHS, or represent previously-allowed joins to
+			 * rels outside it.
+			 */
+			if (bms_overlap(rel1->relids, sjinfo->min_righthand) &&
+				bms_overlap(rel2->relids, sjinfo->min_righthand))
+				continue;		/* assume valid previous violation of RHS */
+
+			/*
+			 * The proposed join could still be legal, but only if we're
+			 * allowed to associate it into the RHS of this SJ.  That means
+			 * this SJ must be a LEFT join (not SEMI or ANTI, and certainly
+			 * not FULL) and the proposed join must not overlap the LHS.
 			 */
 			if (sjinfo->jointype != JOIN_LEFT ||
 				bms_overlap(joinrelids, sjinfo->min_lefthand))

src/test/regress/expected/join.out

@@ -3563,6 +3563,52 @@ select t1.* from
  hi de ho neighbor
 (2 rows)
 
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  text_tbl t1
+  inner join int8_tbl i8
+  on i8.q2 = 456
+  right join text_tbl t2
+  on t1.f1 = 'doh!'
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on i8.q1 = i4.f1;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Output: t1.f1, i8.q1, i8.q2, t2.f1, i4.f1
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl t2
+         Output: t2.f1
+   ->  Materialize
+         Output: i8.q1, i8.q2, i4.f1, t1.f1
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               Output: i8.q1, i8.q2, i4.f1, t1.f1
+               ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+                     Output: i8.q1, i8.q2, i4.f1
+                     Join Filter: (i8.q1 = i4.f1)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8
+                           Output: i8.q1, i8.q2
+                           Filter: (i8.q2 = 456)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i4
+                           Output: i4.f1
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl t1
+                     Output: t1.f1
+                     Filter: (t1.f1 = 'doh!'::text)
+(19 rows)
+
+select * from
+  text_tbl t1
+  inner join int8_tbl i8
+  on i8.q2 = 456
+  right join text_tbl t2
+  on t1.f1 = 'doh!'
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on i8.q1 = i4.f1;
+  f1  | q1  | q2  |        f1         | f1 
+------+-----+-----+-------------------+----
+ doh! | 123 | 456 | doh!              |   
+ doh! | 123 | 456 | hi de ho neighbor |   
+(2 rows)
+
 --
 -- test ability to push constants through outer join clauses
 --

src/test/regress/sql/join.sql

@@ -1108,6 +1108,25 @@ select t1.* from
   left join int4_tbl i4
   on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
 
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  text_tbl t1
+  inner join int8_tbl i8
+  on i8.q2 = 456
+  right join text_tbl t2
+  on t1.f1 = 'doh!'
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on i8.q1 = i4.f1;
+
+select * from
+  text_tbl t1
+  inner join int8_tbl i8
+  on i8.q2 = 456
+  right join text_tbl t2
+  on t1.f1 = 'doh!'
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on i8.q1 = i4.f1;
+
 --
 -- test ability to push constants through outer join clauses
 --