diff --git a/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit.c b/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit.c
index 75b2d260b8..b1954c4764 100644
--- a/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit.c
+++ b/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit.c
@@ -181,8 +181,6 @@ llvm_release_context(JitContext *context)
 {
 	LLVMJitContext *llvm_context = (LLVMJitContext *) context;
 
-	llvm_enter_fatal_on_oom();
-
 	/*
 	 * When this backend is exiting, don't clean up LLVM. As an error might
 	 * have occurred from within LLVM, we do not want to risk reentering. All
@@ -191,6 +189,8 @@ llvm_release_context(JitContext *context)
 	if (proc_exit_inprogress)
 		return;
 
+	llvm_enter_fatal_on_oom();
+
 	if (llvm_context->module)
 	{
 		LLVMDisposeModule(llvm_context->module);
@@ -849,6 +849,20 @@ llvm_session_initialize(void)
 static void
 llvm_shutdown(int code, Datum arg)
 {
+	/*
+	 * If llvm_shutdown() is reached while in a fatal-on-oom section an error
+	 * has occurred in the middle of LLVM code. It is not safe to call back
+	 * into LLVM (which is why a FATAL error was thrown).
+	 *
+	 * We do need to shutdown LLVM in other shutdown cases, otherwise
+	 * e.g. profiling data won't be written out.
+	 */
+	if (llvm_in_fatal_on_oom())
+	{
+		Assert(proc_exit_inprogress);
+		return;
+	}
+
 #if LLVM_VERSION_MAJOR > 11
 	{
 		if (llvm_opt3_orc)
diff --git a/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_error.cpp b/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_error.cpp
index baabfc4eb4..904ea586c4 100644
--- a/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_error.cpp
+++ b/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_error.cpp
@@ -83,6 +83,16 @@ llvm_leave_fatal_on_oom(void)
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * Are we currently in an fatal-on-oom section? Useful to skip cleanup in case
+ * of errors.
+ */
+bool
+llvm_in_fatal_on_oom(void)
+{
+	return fatal_new_handler_depth > 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Reset fatal error handling. This should only be called in error recovery
  * loops like PostgresMain()'s.
diff --git a/src/include/jit/llvmjit.h b/src/include/jit/llvmjit.h
index 4beb013a1e..c111ed802a 100644
--- a/src/include/jit/llvmjit.h
+++ b/src/include/jit/llvmjit.h
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ extern LLVMValueRef FuncExecAggInitGroup;
 
 extern void llvm_enter_fatal_on_oom(void);
 extern void llvm_leave_fatal_on_oom(void);
+extern bool llvm_in_fatal_on_oom(void);
 extern void llvm_reset_after_error(void);
 extern void llvm_assert_in_fatal_section(void);