Indent markup using emacs.
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Thomas G. Lockhart
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<Chapter Id="manage">
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<Chapter Id="manage">
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<Title>Managing a Database</Title>
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<Title>Managing a Database</Title>
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<Para>
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<Note>
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<Note>
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<Para>
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<Para>
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This section is currently a thinly disguised copy of the
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This section is currently a thinly disguised copy of the Tutorial. Needs to be augmented.
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Tutorial. Needs to be augmented.
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- thomas 1998-01-12
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- thomas 1998-01-12
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</Para>
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</Para>
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</Note>
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</Note>
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</Para>
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<Para>
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<Para>
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Although the <FirstTerm>site administrator</FirstTerm> is responsible for overall management
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Although the <FirstTerm>site administrator</FirstTerm> is responsible for overall management
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of the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> installation, some databases within the
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of the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> installation, some databases within the
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installation may be managed by another person,
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installation may be managed by another person,
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designated the <FirstTerm>database administrator</FirstTerm>.
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designated the <FirstTerm>database administrator</FirstTerm>.
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This assignment of responsibilities occurs when a database is created.
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This assignment of responsibilities occurs when a database is created.
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A user may be assigned explicit privileges to create databases and/or to create new users.
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A user may be assigned explicit privileges to create databases and/or to create new users.
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A user assigned both privileges can perform most administrative task
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A user assigned both privileges can perform most administrative task
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within <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>, but will
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within <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>, but will
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not by default have the same operating system privileges as the site administrator.
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not by default have the same operating system privileges as the site administrator.
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</Para>
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</Para>
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<Para>
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<Para>
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The Database Administrator's Guide covers these topics in more detail.
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The Database Administrator's Guide covers these topics in more detail.
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</Para>
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</Para>
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<Sect1>
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<Sect1>
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<Title>Database Creation</Title>
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<Title>Database Creation</Title>
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<Para>
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<Para>
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Databases are created by the <Command>create database</Command> issued from
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Databases are created by the <Command>create database</Command> issued from
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within <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>. <Application>createdb</Application> is a command-line
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within <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>. <Application>createdb</Application> is a command-line
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utility provided to give the same functionality from outside <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>.
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utility provided to give the same functionality from outside <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>.
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</Para>
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</Para>
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<Para>
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<Para>
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The <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> backend must be running for either method
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The <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> backend must be running for either method
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to succeed, and the user issuing the command must be the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
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to succeed, and the user issuing the command must be the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
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<FirstTerm>superuser</FirstTerm> or have been assigned database creation privileges by the
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<FirstTerm>superuser</FirstTerm> or have been assigned database creation privileges by the
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superuser.
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superuser.
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</Para>
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</Para>
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<Para>
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<Para>
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To create a new database named <Quote>mydb</Quote> from the command line, type
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To create a new database named <Quote>mydb</Quote> from the command line, type
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<ProgramListing>
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<ProgramListing>
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% createdb mydb
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% createdb mydb
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</ProgramListing>
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</ProgramListing>
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and to do the same from within <Application>psql</Application> type
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and to do the same from within <Application>psql</Application> type
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<ProgramListing>
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<ProgramListing>
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* CREATE DATABASE mydb;
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* CREATE DATABASE mydb;
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</ProgramListing>
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</ProgramListing>
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</Para>
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</Para>
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<Para>
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<Para>
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If you do not have the privileges required to create a database, you will see
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If you do not have the privileges required to create a database, you will see
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the following:
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the following:
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<ProgramListing>
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<ProgramListing>
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% createdb mydb
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% createdb mydb
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WARN:user "your username" is not allowed to create/destroy databases
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WARN:user "your username" is not allowed to create/destroy databases
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createdb: database creation failed on mydb.
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createdb: database creation failed on mydb.
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</ProgramListing>
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</ProgramListing>
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</Para>
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</Para>
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<Para>
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<Para>
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<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> allows you to create any number of databases
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<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> allows you to create any number of databases
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at a given site and you automatically become the
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at a given site and you automatically become the
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database administrator of the database you just created.
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database administrator of the database you just created.
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Database names must have an alphabetic first
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Database names must have an alphabetic first
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character and are limited to 32 characters in length.
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character and are limited to 32 characters in length.
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</Para>
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</Para>
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</Sect1>
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</Sect1>
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<Sect1>
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<Sect1>
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<Title>Alternate Database Locations</Title>
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<Title>Alternate Database Locations</Title>
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<Para>
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<Para>
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It is possible to create a database in a location other than the default
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It is possible to create a database in a location other than the default
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location for the installation. Remember that all database access actually
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location for the installation. Remember that all database access actually
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occurs through the database backend, so that any location specified must
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occurs through the database backend, so that any location specified must
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be accessible by the backend.
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be accessible by the backend.
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</Para>
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</Para>
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<Para>
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<Para>
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Alternate database locations are created and referenced by an environment variable
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Alternate database locations are created and referenced by an environment variable
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which gives the absolute path to the intended storage location.
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which gives the absolute path to the intended storage location.
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This environment variable must have been defined before the backend was started
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This environment variable must have been defined before the backend was started
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and the location it points to must be writable by the postgres administrator account.
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and the location it points to must be writable by the postgres administrator account.
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Consult with the site administrator
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Consult with the site administrator
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regarding preconfigured alternate database locations.
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regarding preconfigured alternate database locations.
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Any valid environment variable name may be used to reference an alternate location,
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Any valid environment variable name may be used to reference an alternate location,
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although using variable names with a prefix of <quote>PGDATA</quote> is recommended
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although using variable names with a prefix of <quote>PGDATA</quote> is recommended
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to avoid confusion
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to avoid confusion
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and conflict with other variables.
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and conflict with other variables.
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</Para>
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</Para>
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<Note>
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<Note>
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<Para>
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<Para>
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In previous versions of <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>,
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In previous versions of <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>,
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it was also permissable to use an absolute path name to specify
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it was also permissable to use an absolute path name to specify
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an alternate storage location.
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an alternate storage location.
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Although the environment variable style of specification
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Although the environment variable style of specification
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is to be preferred since it allows the site administrator more flexibility in
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is to be preferred since it allows the site administrator more flexibility in
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managing disk storage, it is also possible to use an absolute path
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managing disk storage, it is also possible to use an absolute path
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to specify an alternate location.
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to specify an alternate location.
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The administrator's guide discusses how to enable this feature.
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The administrator's guide discusses how to enable this feature.
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</Para>
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</Para>
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</Note>
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</Note>
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<Para>
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<Para>
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For security and integrity reasons,
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For security and integrity reasons,
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any path or environment variable specified has some
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any path or environment variable specified has some
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additional path fields appended.
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additional path fields appended.
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</Para>
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Alternate database locations must be prepared by running
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<Application>initlocation</Application>.
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</Para>
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<Para>
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<Para>
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Alternate database locations must be prepared by running
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To create a data storage area using the environment variable
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<Application>initlocation</Application>.
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<envar>PGDATA2</envar> (for this example set to <filename>/alt/postgres</filename>),
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</Para>
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ensure that <FileName>/alt/postgres</FileName> already exists and is writable by
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the Postgres administrator account.
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<Para>
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Then, from the command line, type
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To create a data storage area using the environment variable
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<ProgramListing>
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<envar>PGDATA2</envar> (for this example set to <filename>/alt/postgres</filename>),
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ensure that <FileName>/alt/postgres</FileName> already exists and is writable by
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the Postgres administrator account.
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Then, from the command line, type
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<ProgramListing>
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% initlocation $PGDATA2
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% initlocation $PGDATA2
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Creating Postgres database system directory /alt/postgres/data
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Creating Postgres database system directory /alt/postgres/data
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Creating Postgres database system directory /alt/postgres/data/base
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Creating Postgres database system directory /alt/postgres/data/base
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</ProgramListing>
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</ProgramListing>
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</Para>
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</Para>
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<Para>
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<Para>
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To create a database in the alternate storage area <envar>PGDATA2</envar>
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To create a database in the alternate storage area <envar>PGDATA2</envar>
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from the command line, use the following command:
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from the command line, use the following command:
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<ProgramListing>
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<ProgramListing>
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% createdb -D PGDATA2 mydb
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% createdb -D PGDATA2 mydb
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</ProgramListing>
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</ProgramListing>
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To do the same from within <Application>psql</Application> type
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and to do the same from within <Application>psql</Application> type
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<ProgramListing>
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<ProgramListing>
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* CREATE DATABASE mydb WITH LOCATION = 'PGDATA2';
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* CREATE DATABASE mydb WITH LOCATION = 'PGDATA2';
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</ProgramListing>
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</ProgramListing>
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</Para>
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</Para>
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<Para>
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<Para>
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If you do not have the privileges required to create a database, you will see
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If you do not have the privileges required to create a database, you will see
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the following:
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the following:
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<ProgramListing>
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<ProgramListing>
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% createdb mydb
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% createdb mydb
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WARN:user "your username" is not allowed to create/destroy databases
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WARN:user "your username" is not allowed to create/destroy databases
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createdb: database creation failed on mydb.
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createdb: database creation failed on mydb.
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</ProgramListing>
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</ProgramListing>
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</Para>
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</Para>
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<Para>
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<Para>
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If the specified location does not exist or the database backend does not have
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If the specified location does not exist or the database backend does not have
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permission to access it or to write to directories under it, you will see
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permission to access it or to write to directories under it, you will see
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the following:
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the following:
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<ProgramListing>
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<ProgramListing>
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% createdb -D /alt/postgres/data mydb
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% createdb -D /alt/postgres/data mydb
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ERROR: Unable to create database directory /alt/postgres/data/base/mydb
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ERROR: Unable to create database directory /alt/postgres/data/base/mydb
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createdb: database creation failed on mydb.
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createdb: database creation failed on mydb.
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</ProgramListing>
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</ProgramListing>
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</Para>
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</Para>
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</Sect1>
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</Sect1>
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<Sect1>
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<Sect1>
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<Title>Accessing a Database</Title>
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<Title>Accessing a Database</Title>
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@ -296,3 +292,20 @@ TBD
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</Sect1>
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</Sect1>
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</Chapter>
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</Chapter>
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<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
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Local variables:
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mode: sgml
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sgml-omittag:nil
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sgml-shorttag:t
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sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
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sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
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sgml-indent-step:1
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sgml-indent-data:t
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sgml-parent-document:nil
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sgml-default-dtd-file:"./reference.ced"
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sgml-exposed-tags:nil
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sgml-local-catalogs:"/usr/lib/sgml/CATALOG"
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sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
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End:
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-->
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