This gets rid of our former behavior of forcibly downcasing
the postmaster's hostname list and truncating the elements to
NAMEDATALEN. In principle, DNS hostnames are case-insensitive
so the first behavior should be harmless, and server hostnames
are seldom long enough for the second behavior to be an issue.
But it's still dubious, and an easy fix is available: just use
SplitGUCList instead.
AFAICT, all other SplitIdentifierString calls in the backend are
OK: either the items actually are SQL identifiers, or they are
keywords that are short and case-insensitive.
Per thinking about bug #16106. While this has been wrong for
a very long time, the lack of field complaints means there's
little reason to back-patch.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/16106-7d319e4295d08e70@postgresql.org
POSIX sigaction(2) can be told to block a set of signals while a
signal handler executes. Make use of that instead of manually
blocking and unblocking signals in the postmaster's signal handlers.
This should save a few cycles, and it also prevents recursive
invocation of signal handlers when many signals arrive in close
succession. We have seen buildfarm failures that seem to be due to
postmaster stack overflow caused by such recursion (exacerbated by
a Linux PPC64 kernel bug).
This doesn't change anything about the way that it works on Windows.
Somebody might consider adjusting port/win32/signal.c to let it work
similarly, but I'm not in a position to do that.
For the moment, just apply to HEAD. Possibly we should consider
back-patching this, but it'd be good to let it age awhile first.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/14878.1570820201@sss.pgh.pa.us
The postmaster's code path for spawning a bgworker neglected to check
whether we already have the max number of live child processes. That's
a bit hard to hit, since it would necessarily be a transient condition;
but if we do, AssignPostmasterChildSlot() fails causing a postmaster
crash, as seen in a report from Bhargav Kamineni.
To fix, invoke canAcceptConnections() in the bgworker code path, as we
do in the other code paths that spawn children. Since we don't want
the same pmState tests in this case, add a child-process-type parameter
to canAcceptConnections() so that it can know what to do.
Back-patch to 9.5. In principle the same hazard exists in 9.4, but the
code is enough different that this patch wouldn't quite fix it there.
Given the tiny usage of bgworkers in that branch it doesn't seem worth
creating a variant patch for it.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/18733.1570382257@sss.pgh.pa.us
This is a second try at what commit 57431a911 tried to do, namely,
launch the syslogger before we open postmaster sockets so that our
messages about the sockets end up in the syslogger files. That
commit fell foul of a bunch of subtle issues caused by trying to
launch a postmaster child process before creating shared memory.
Rather than messing with that interaction, let's postpone opening
the sockets till after we launch the syslogger.
This would not have been terribly safe before commit 7de19fbc0,
because we relied on socket opening to detect whether any competing
postmasters were using the same port number. But now that we choose
IPC keys without regard to the port number, there's no interaction
to worry about.
Also delay creation of the external PID file (if requested) till after
the sockets are open, since external code could plausibly be relying
on that ordering of events. And postpone most of the work of
RemovePgTempFiles() so that that potentially-slow processing still
happens after we make the external PID file. We have to be a bit
careful about that last though: as noted in the discussion subsequent to
bug #15804, EXEC_BACKEND builds still have to clear the parameter-file
temp dir before launching the syslogger.
Patch by me; thanks to Michael Paquier for review/testing.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/15804-3721117bf40fb654@postgresql.org
This approach provides a much tighter binding between a data directory
and the associated SysV shared memory block (and SysV or named-POSIX
semaphores, if we're using those). Key collisions are still possible,
but only between data directories stored on different filesystems,
so the situation should be negligible in practice. More importantly,
restarting the postmaster with a different port number no longer
risks failing to identify a relevant shared memory block, even when
postmaster.pid has been removed. A standalone backend is likewise
much more certain to detect conflicting leftover backends.
(In the longer term, we might now think about deprecating the port as
a cluster-wide value, so that one postmaster could support sockets
with varying port numbers. But that's for another day.)
The hazards fixed here apply only on Unix systems; our Windows code
paths already use identifiers derived from the data directory path
name rather than the port.
src/test/recovery/t/017_shm.pl, which intends to test key-collision
cases, has been substantially rewritten since it can no longer use
two postmasters with identical port numbers to trigger the case.
Instead, use Perl's IPC::SharedMem module to create a conflicting
shmem segment directly. The test script will be skipped if that
module is not available. (This means that some older buildfarm
members won't run it, but I don't think that that results in any
meaningful coverage loss.)
Patch by me; thanks to Noah Misch and Peter Eisentraut for discussion
and review.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/16908.1557521200@sss.pgh.pa.us
A report from Alvaro Herrera shows that if we're in PM_STARTUP
state, and we spawn a dead_end child to reject some incoming
connection request, and that child dies with an unexpected exit
code, the postmaster does not respond well. We correctly send
SIGQUIT to the startup process, but then:
* if the startup process exits with nonzero exit code, as expected,
we thought that that indicated a crash and aborted startup.
* if the startup process exits with zero exit code, which is possible
due to the inherent race condition, we'd advance to PM_RUN state
which is fine --- but the code forgot that AbortStartTime would be
nonzero in this situation. We'd either die on the Asserts saying
that it was zero, or perhaps misbehave later on. (A quick look
suggests that the only misbehavior might be busy-waiting due to
DetermineSleepTime doing the wrong thing.)
To fix the first point, adjust the state-machine logic to recognize
that a nonzero exit code is expected after sending SIGQUIT, and have
it transition to a state where we can restart the startup process.
To fix the second point, change the Asserts to clear the variable
rather than just claiming it should be clear already.
Perhaps we could improve this further by not treating a crash of
a dead_end child as a reason for panic'ing the database. However,
since those child processes are connected to shared memory, that
seems a bit risky. There are few good reasons for a dead_end child
to report failure anyway (the cause of this in Alvaro's report is
quite unclear). On balance, therefore, a minimal fix seems best.
This is an oversight in commit 45811be94. While that was back-patched,
I'm hesitant to back-patch this change. The lack of reasons for a
dead_end child to fail suggests that the case should be very rare in
the field, which squares with the lack of reports; so it seems like
this might not be worth the risk of introducing new issues. In any
case we can let it bake awhile in HEAD before considering a back-patch.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20190615160950.GA31378@alvherre.pgsql
There were a number of issues in the recent commits which include typos,
code and comments mismatch, leftover function declarations. Fix them.
Reported-by: Alexander Lakhin
Author: Alexander Lakhin, Amit Kapila and Amit Langote
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ef0c0232-0c1d-3a35-63d4-0ebd06e31387@gmail.com
This commit reverts 57431a911d.
While that's still a good idea in the abstract, we found out
that there are multiple crasher bugs in it on Windows builds,
making the logging_collector option unusable on Windows.
There's no time left to fix these issues before 12beta1,
so revert the patch to allow Windows beta testing to proceed.
We'll try again at some future date.
Per bug #15804 from Yulian Khodorkovskiy and additional
investigation by Michael Paquier.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/15804-3721117bf40fb654@postgresql.org
In sigusr1_handler, don't ignore PMSIGNAL_ADVANCE_STATE_MACHINE based
on pmState. The restriction is unnecessary (PostmasterStateMachine
should work in any state), not future-proof (since it makes too many
assumptions about why the signal might be sent), and broken even today
because a race condition can make it necessary to respond to the signal
in PM_WAIT_READONLY state. The race condition seems unlikely, but
if it did happen, a hot-standby postmaster could fail to shut down
after receiving a smart-shutdown request.
In MaybeStartWalReceiver, don't clear the WalReceiverRequested flag
if the fork attempt fails. Leaving it set allows us to try
again in future iterations of the postmaster idle loop. (The startup
process would eventually send a fresh request signal, but this change
may allow us to retry the fork sooner.)
Remove an obsolete comment and unnecessary test in
PostmasterStateMachine's handling of PM_SHUTDOWN_2 state. It's not
possible to have a live walreceiver in that state, and AFAICT has not
been possible since commit 5e85315ea. This isn't a live bug, but the
false comment is quite confusing to readers.
In passing, rearrange sigusr1_handler's CheckPromoteSignal tests so that
we don't uselessly perform stat() calls that we're going to ignore the
results of.
Add some comments clarifying the behavior of MaybeStartWalReceiver;
I very nearly rearranged it in a way that'd reintroduce the race
condition fixed in e5d494d78. Mea culpa for not commenting that
properly at the time.
Back-patch to all supported branches. The PMSIGNAL_ADVANCE_STATE_MACHINE
change is the only one of even minor significance, but we might as well
keep this code in sync across branches.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/9001.1556046681@sss.pgh.pa.us
postmaster startup scrutinizes any shared memory segment recorded in
postmaster.pid, exiting if that segment matches the current data
directory and has an attached process. When the postmaster.pid file was
missing, a starting postmaster used weaker checks. Change to use the
same checks in both scenarios. This increases the chance of a startup
failure, in lieu of data corruption, if the DBA does "kill -9 `head -n1
postmaster.pid` && rm postmaster.pid && pg_ctl -w start". A postmaster
will no longer stop if shmat() of an old segment fails with EACCES. A
postmaster will no longer recycle segments pertaining to other data
directories. That's good for production, but it's bad for integration
tests that crash a postmaster and immediately delete its data directory.
Such a test now leaks a segment indefinitely. No "make check-world"
test does that. win32_shmem.c already avoided all these problems. In
9.6 and later, enhance PostgresNode to facilitate testing. Back-patch
to 9.4 (all supported versions).
Reviewed (in earlier versions) by Daniel Gustafsson and Kyotaro HORIGUCHI.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20190408064141.GA2016666@rfd.leadboat.com
We've long had reports of intermittent "could not reattach to shared
memory" errors on Windows. Buildfarm member dory fails that way when
PGSharedMemoryReAttach() execution overlaps with creation of a thread
for the process's "default thread pool". Fix that by providing a second
region to receive asynchronous allocations that would otherwise intrude
into UsedShmemSegAddr. In pgwin32_ReserveSharedMemoryRegion(), stop
trying to free reservations landing at incorrect addresses; the caller's
next step has been to terminate the affected process. Back-patch to 9.4
(all supported versions).
Reviewed by Tom Lane. He also did much of the prerequisite research;
see commit bcbf2346d6.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20190402135442.GA1173872@rfd.leadboat.com
postmaster startup scrutinizes any shared memory segment recorded in
postmaster.pid, exiting if that segment matches the current data
directory and has an attached process. When the postmaster.pid file was
missing, a starting postmaster used weaker checks. Change to use the
same checks in both scenarios. This increases the chance of a startup
failure, in lieu of data corruption, if the DBA does "kill -9 `head -n1
postmaster.pid` && rm postmaster.pid && pg_ctl -w start". A postmaster
will no longer recycle segments pertaining to other data directories.
That's good for production, but it's bad for integration tests that
crash a postmaster and immediately delete its data directory. Such a
test now leaks a segment indefinitely. No "make check-world" test does
that. win32_shmem.c already avoided all these problems. In 9.6 and
later, enhance PostgresNode to facilitate testing. Back-patch to 9.4
(all supported versions).
Reviewed by Daniel Gustafsson and Kyotaro HORIGUCHI.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20130911033341.GD225735@tornado.leadboat.com
On both the frontend and backend, prepare for GSSAPI encryption
support by moving common code for error handling into a separate file.
Fix a TODO for handling multiple status messages in the process.
Eliminate the OIDs, which have not been needed for some time.
Add frontend and backend encryption support functions. Keep the
context initiation for authentication-only separate on both the
frontend and backend in order to avoid concerns about changing the
requested flags to include encryption support.
In postmaster, pull GSSAPI authorization checking into a shared
function. Also share the initiator name between the encryption and
non-encryption codepaths.
For HBA, add "hostgssenc" and "hostnogssenc" entries that behave
similarly to their SSL counterparts. "hostgssenc" requires either
"gss", "trust", or "reject" for its authentication.
Similarly, add a "gssencmode" parameter to libpq. Supported values are
"disable", "require", and "prefer". Notably, negotiation will only be
attempted if credentials can be acquired. Move credential acquisition
into its own function to support this behavior.
Add a simple pg_stat_gssapi view similar to pg_stat_ssl, for monitoring
if GSSAPI authentication was used, what principal was used, and if
encryption is being used on the connection.
Finally, add documentation for everything new, and update existing
documentation on connection security.
Thanks to Michael Paquier for the Windows fixes.
Author: Robbie Harwood, with changes to the read/write functions by me.
Reviewed in various forms and at different times by: Michael Paquier,
Andres Freund, David Steele.
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/jlg1tgq1ktm.fsf@thriss.redhat.com
Since its introduction, max_wal_senders is counted as part of
max_connections when it comes to define how many connection slots can be
used for replication connections with a WAL sender context. This can
lead to confusion for some users, as it could be possible to block a
base backup or replication from happening because other backend sessions
are already taken for other purposes by an application, and
superuser-only connection slots are not a correct solution to handle
that case.
This commit makes max_wal_senders independent of max_connections for its
handling of PGPROC entries in ProcGlobal, meaning that connection slots
for WAL senders are handled using their own free queue, like autovacuum
workers and bgworkers.
One compatibility issue that this change creates is that a standby now
requires to have a value of max_wal_senders at least equal to its
primary. So, if a standby created enforces the value of
max_wal_senders to be lower than that, then this could break failovers.
Normally this should not be an issue though, as any settings of a
standby are inherited from its primary as postgresql.conf gets normally
copied as part of a base backup, so parameters would be consistent.
Author: Alexander Kukushkin
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi, Petr Jelínek, Masahiko Sawada, Oleksii
Kliukin
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAFh8B=nBzHQeYAu0b8fjK-AF1X4+_p6GRtwG+cCgs6Vci2uRuQ@mail.gmail.com
Logging the PostgreSQL version on startup is useful for two reasons:
There is a clear marker in the log file that a new postmaster is
beginning, and it's useful for tracking the server version across
startup while upgrading.
Author: Christoph Berg <christoph.berg@credativ.de>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/20181121144611.GJ15795@msg.credativ.de/
When the syslogger was originally
added (bdf8ef6925), nothing was normally
logged before the point where it was started. But since
f9dfa5c977, the creation of sockets
causes messages of level LOG to be written routinely, so those don't
go to the syslogger now.
To improve that, arrange the sequence in PostmasterMain() slightly so
that the syslogger is started early enough to capture those messages.
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/d5d50936-20b9-85f1-06bc-94a01c5040c1%402ndquadrant.com
Reviewed-by: Christoph Berg <christoph.berg@credativ.de>
Commit c0d0e54084 replaced the ones in the documentation, but missed out
on the ones in the code. Replace those as well, but unlike c0d0e54084,
don't backpatch the code changes to avoid breaking translations.
This removes a portion of infrastructure introduced by fe0a0b5 to allow
compilation of Postgres in environments where no strong random source is
available, meaning that there is no linking to OpenSSL and no
/dev/urandom (Windows having its own CryptoAPI). No systems shipped
this century lack /dev/urandom, and the buildfarm is actually not
testing this switch at all, so just remove it. This simplifies
particularly some backend code which included a fallback implementation
using shared memory, and removes a set of alternate regression output
files from pgcrypto.
Author: Michael Paquier
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20181230063219.GG608@paquier.xyz
Previously we just set the seed based on process ID and start timestamp.
Both those values are directly available within the session, and can
be found out or guessed by other users too, making the session's series
of random(3) values fairly predictable. Up to now, our backend-internal
uses of random(3) haven't seemed security-critical, but commit 88bdbd3f7
added one that potentially is: when using log_statement_sample_rate, a
user might be able to predict which of his SQL statements will get logged.
To improve this situation, upgrade the per-process seed initialization
method to use pg_strong_random() if available, greatly reducing the
predictability of the initial seed value. This adds a few tens of
microseconds to process start time, but since backend startup time is
at least a couple of milliseconds, that seems an acceptable price.
This means that pg_strong_random() needs to be able to run without
reliance on any backend infrastructure, since it will be invoked
before any of that is up. It was safe for that already, but adjust
comments and #include commands to make it clearer.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3859.1545849900@sss.pgh.pa.us
At least as far back as the 2008 spec, POSIX has defined strsignal(3)
for looking up descriptive strings for signal numbers. We hadn't gotten
the word though, and were still using the crufty old sys_siglist array,
which is in no standard even though most Unixen provide it.
Aside from not being formally standards-compliant, this was just plain
ugly because it involved #ifdef's at every place using the code.
To eliminate the #ifdef's, create a portability function pg_strsignal,
which wraps strsignal(3) if available and otherwise falls back to
sys_siglist[] if available. The set of Unixen with neither API is
probably empty these days, but on any platform with neither, you'll
just get "unrecognized signal". All extant callers print the numeric
signal number too, so no need to work harder than that.
Along the way, upgrade pg_basebackup's child-error-exit reporting
to match the rest of the system.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/25758.1544983503@sss.pgh.pa.us
Setting them to SIG_IGN seems unlikely to have any beneficial effect
on that platform, and given the signal numbering collision with SIGABRT,
it could easily have bad effects.
Given the lack of field complaints that can be traced to this, I don't
presently feel a need to back-patch.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/5627.1542477392@sss.pgh.pa.us
For reasons lost in the mists of time, most postmaster child processes
reset SIGTTIN/SIGTTOU signal handling to SIG_DFL, with the major exception
that backend sessions do not. It seems like a pretty bad idea for any
postmaster children to do that: if stderr is connected to the terminal,
and the user has put the postmaster in background, any log output would
result in the child process freezing up. Hence, switch them all to
doing what backends do, ie, nothing. This allows them to inherit the
postmaster's SIG_IGN setting. On the other hand, manually-launched
processes such as standalone backends will have default processing,
which seems fine.
In passing, also remove useless resets of SIGCONT and SIGWINCH signal
processing. Perhaps the postmaster once changed those to something
besides SIG_DFL, but it doesn't now, so these are just wasted (and
confusing) syscalls.
Basically, this propagates the changes made in commit 8e2998d8a from
backends to other postmaster children. Probably the only reason these
calls now exist elsewhere is that I missed changing pgstat.c along with
postgres.c at the time.
Given the lack of field complaints that can be traced to this, I don't
presently feel a need to back-patch.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/5627.1542477392@sss.pgh.pa.us
Commit 197e4af9 refactored the initialization of the libc random()
seed, but reduced the number of possible seeds values that could be
chosen in a given time period. This negation of the effects of
commit 98c50656c was unintentional. Replace with code that
shifts the fast moving timestamp bits left, similar to the original
algorithm (though not the previous float-tolerating coding, which
is no longer necessary).
Author: Thomas Munro
Reported-by: Noah Misch
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20181112083358.GA1073796%40rfd.leadboat.com
Background workers, including parallel workers, were generating
the same sequence of numbers in random(). This showed up as DSM
handle collisions when Parallel Hash created multiple segments,
but any code that calls random() in background workers could be
affected if it cares about different backends generating different
numbers.
Repair by making sure that all new processes initialize the seed
at the same time as they set MyProcPid and MyStartTime in a new
function InitProcessGlobals(), called by the postmaster, its
children and also standalone processes. Also add a new high
resolution MyStartTimestamp as a potentially useful by-product,
and remove SessionStartTime from struct Port as it is now
redundant.
No back-patch for now, as the known consequences so far are just
a bunch of harmless shm_open(O_EXCL) collisions.
Author: Thomas Munro
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEepm%3D2eJj_6%3DB%2B2tEpGu2nf1BjthCf9nXXUouYvJJ4C5WSwhg%40mail.gmail.com
The connection authorized message has quite a bit of useful information
in it, but didn't include the application_name (when provided), so let's
add that as it can be very useful.
Note that at the point where we're emitting the connection authorized
message, we haven't processed GUCs, so it's not possible to get this by
using log_line_prefix (which pulls from the GUC). There's also
something to be said for having this included in the connection
authorized message and then not needing to repeat it for every line, as
having it in log_line_prefix would do.
The GUC cleans the application name to pure-ascii, so do that here too,
but pull out the logic for cleaning up a string into its own function
in common and re-use it from those places, and check_cluster_name which
was doing the same thing.
Author: Don Seiler <don@seiler.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAHJZqBB_Pxv8HRfoh%2BAB4KxSQQuPVvtYCzMg7woNR3r7dfmopw%40mail.gmail.com
Currently there are two ways to trigger log rotation in logging collector
process: call pg_rotate_logfile() SQL-function or send SIGUSR1 signal directly
to logging collector process. However, it's nice to have more suitable way
for external tools to do that, which wouldn't require SQL connection or
knowledge of logging collector pid. This commit implements triggering log
rotation by "pg_ctl logrotate" command.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20180416.115435.28153375.horiguchi.kyotaro%40lab.ntt.co.jp
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi, Alexander Kuzmenkov, Alexander Korotkov
When a postmaster gets into its phase PM_STARTUP, it would start
background workers using BgWorkerStart_PostmasterStart mode immediately,
which would cause problems for a fast shutdown as the postmaster forgets
to send SIGTERM to already-started background workers. With smart and
immediate shutdowns, this correctly happened, and fast shutdown is the
only mode missing the shot.
Author: Alexander Kukushkin
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAFh8B=mvnD8+DZUfzpi50DoaDfZRDfd7S=gwj5vU9GYn8UvHkA@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 9.5
Andrew Gierth pointed out that commit 1c72ec6f4 would yield the wrong
answer on big-endian ARM systems, because the data being CRC'd would be
different. To fix that, and avoid the rather unsightly hard-wired
constant, simply compare the hardware and software implementations'
results.
While we're at it, also log the resulting decision at DEBUG1, and error
out if the hw and sw results unexpectedly differ. Also, since this
file must compile for both frontend and backend, avoid incorrect
dependencies on backend-only headers.
In passing, add a comment to postmaster.c about when the CRC function
pointer will get initialized.
Thomas Munro, based on complaints from Andrew Gierth and Tom Lane
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/HE1PR0801MB1323D171938EABC04FFE7FA9E3110@HE1PR0801MB1323.eurprd08.prod.outlook.com
Under EXEC BACKEND we also need to be going through the group privileges
setup since we do support that on Unixy systems, so add that to
SubPostmasterMain().
Under Windows, we need to simply return true from
GetDataDirectoryCreatePerm(), but that wasn't happening due to a missing
#else clause.
Per buildfarm.
Allow the cluster to be optionally init'd with read access for the
group.
This means a relatively non-privileged user can perform a backup of the
cluster without requiring write privileges, which enhances security.
The mode of PGDATA is used to determine whether group permissions are
enabled for directory and file creates. This method was chosen as it's
simple and works well for the various utilities that write into PGDATA.
Changing the mode of PGDATA manually will not automatically change the
mode of all the files contained therein. If the user would like to
enable group access on an existing cluster then changing the mode of all
the existing files will be required. Note that pg_upgrade will
automatically change the mode of all migrated files if the new cluster
is init'd with the -g option.
Tests are included for the backend and all the utilities which operate
on the PG data directory to ensure that the correct mode is set based on
the data directory permissions.
Author: David Steele <david@pgmasters.net>
Reviewed-By: Michael Paquier, with discussion amongst many others.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ad346fe6-b23e-59f1-ecb7-0e08390ad629%40pgmasters.net
Consolidate directory and file create permissions for tools which work
with the PG data directory by adding a new module (common/file_perm.c)
that contains variables (pg_file_create_mode, pg_dir_create_mode) and
constants to initialize them (0600 for files and 0700 for directories).
Convert mkdir() calls in the backend to MakePGDirectory() if the
original call used default permissions (always the case for regular PG
directories).
Add tests to make sure permissions in PGDATA are set correctly by the
tools which modify the PG data directory.
Authors: David Steele <david@pgmasters.net>,
Adam Brightwell <adam.brightwell@crunchydata.com>
Reviewed-By: Michael Paquier, with discussion amongst many others.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ad346fe6-b23e-59f1-ecb7-0e08390ad629%40pgmasters.net
THis adds a "flags" field to the BackgroundWorkerInitializeConnection()
and BackgroundWorkerInitializeConnectionByOid(). For now only one flag,
BGWORKER_BYPASS_ALLOWCONN, is defined, which allows the worker to ignore
datallowconn.
We were independently checking ReservedBackends < MaxConnections and
max_wal_senders < MaxConnections, but because walsenders aren't allowed
to use superuser-reserved connections, that's really the wrong thing.
Correct behavior is to insist on ReservedBackends + max_wal_senders being
less than MaxConnections. Fix the code and associated documentation.
This has been wrong for a long time, but since the situation probably
hardly ever arises in the field (especially pre-v10, when the default
for max_wal_senders was zero), no back-patch.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/28271.1520195491@sss.pgh.pa.us
When a worker is flagged as BGW_NEVER_RESTART and we fail to start it,
or if it is not marked BGW_NEVER_RESTART but is terminated before
startup succeeds, what BgwHandleStatus should be reported? The
previous code really hadn't considered this possibility (as indicated
by the comments which ignore it completely) and would typically return
BGWH_NOT_YET_STARTED, but that's not a good answer, because then
there's no way for code using GetBackgroundWorkerPid() to tell the
difference between a worker that has not started but will start
later and a worker that has not started and will never be started.
So, when this case happens, return BGWH_STOPPED instead. Update the
comments to reflect this.
The preceding fix by itself is insufficient to fix the problem,
because the old code also didn't send a notification to the process
identified in bgw_notify_pid when startup failed. That might've
been technically correct under the theory that the status of the
worker was BGWH_NOT_YET_STARTED, because the status would indeed not
change when the worker failed to start, but now that we're more
usefully reporting BGWH_STOPPED, a notification is needed.
Without these fixes, code which starts background workers and then
uses the recommended APIs to wait for those background workers to
start would hang indefinitely if the postmaster failed to fork a
worker.
Amit Kapila and Robert Haas
Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CAA4eK1KDfKkvrjxsKJi3WPyceVi3dH1VCkbTJji2fuwKuB=3uw@mail.gmail.com
Previously, any attempt to request a 3.x protocol version other than
3.0 would lead to a hard connection failure, which made the minor
protocol version really no different from the major protocol version
and precluded gentle protocol version breaks. Instead, when the
client requests a 3.x protocol version where x is greater than 0, send
the new NegotiateProtocolVersion message to convey that we support
only 3.0. This makes it possible to introduce new minor protocol
versions without requiring a connection retry when the server is
older.
In addition, if the startup packet includes name/value pairs where
the name starts with "_pq_.", assume that those are protocol options,
not GUCs. Include those we don't support (i.e. all of them, at
present) in the NegotiateProtocolVersion message so that the client
knows they were not understood. This makes it possible for the
client to request previously-unsupported features without bumping
the protocol version at all; the client can tell from the server's
response whether the option was understood.
It will take some time before servers that support these new
facilities become common in the wild; to speed things up and make
things easier for a future 3.1 protocol version, back-patch to all
supported releases.
Robert Haas and Badrul Chowdhury
Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/BN6PR21MB0772FFA0CBD298B76017744CD1730@BN6PR21MB0772.namprd21.prod.outlook.com
Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/30788.1498672033@sss.pgh.pa.us
All postgres internal usages are replaced, it's just libpq example
usages that haven't been converted. External users of libpq can't
generally rely on including postgres internal headers.
Note that this includes replacing open-coded byte swapping of 64bit
integers (using two 32 bit swaps) with a single 64bit swap.
Where it looked applicable, I have removed netinet/in.h and
arpa/inet.h usage, which previously provided the relevant
functionality. It's perfectly possible that I missed other reasons for
including those, the buildfarm will tell.
Author: Andres Freund
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20170927172019.gheidqy6xvlxb325@alap3.anarazel.de
Add bgw_type field to background worker structure. It is intended to be
set to the same value for all workers of the same type, so they can be
grouped in pg_stat_activity, for example.
The backend_type column in pg_stat_activity now shows bgw_type for a
background worker. The ps listing also no longer calls out that a
process is a background worker but just show the bgw_type. That way,
being a background worker is more of an implementation detail now that
is not shown to the user. However, most log messages still refer to
'background worker "%s"'; otherwise constructing sensible and
translatable log messages would become tricky.
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael.paquier@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se>
Remove gratuitous differences in the process names shown in
pg_stat_activity.backend_type and the ps output.
Reviewed-by: Takayuki Tsunakawa <tsunakawa.takay@jp.fujitsu.com>
The bug was caused by not re-reading the control file during crash
recovery restarts, which lead to an attempt to pfree() shared memory
contents. The fix is to re-read the control file, which seems good
anyway.
It's unclear as of this moment, whether we want to keep the
refactoring introduced in the commit referenced above, or come up with
an alternative approach. But fixing the bug in the mean time seems
like a good idea regardless.
A followup commit will introduce regression test coverage for crash
restarts.
Reported-By: Tom Lane
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/14134.1505572349@sss.pgh.pa.us
Previously we read the control file in multiple places. But soon the
segment size will be configurable and stored in the control file, and
that needs to be available earlier than it currently is needed.
Instead of adding yet another place where it's read, refactor things
so there's a single processing of the control file during startup (in
EXEC_BACKEND that's every individual backend's startup).
Author: Andres Freund
Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/20170913092828.aozd3gvvmw67gmyc@alap3.anarazel.de
We've heard occasional reports of backend launch failing because
pgwin32_ReserveSharedMemoryRegion() fails, indicating that something
has already used that address space in the child process. It's not
very clear what, given that we disable ASLR in Windows builds, but
suspicion falls on antivirus products. It'd be better if we didn't
have to disable ASLR, anyway. So let's try to ameliorate the problem
by retrying the process launch after such a failure, up to 100 times.
Patch by me, based on previous work by Amit Kapila and others.
This is a longstanding issue, so back-patch to all supported branches.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAA4eK1+R6hSx6t_yvwtx+NRzneVp+MRqXAdGJZChcau8Uij-8g@mail.gmail.com
Traditionally, "pg_ctl start -w" has waited for the server to become
ready to accept connections by attempting a connection once per second.
That has the major problem that connection issues (for instance, a
kernel packet filter blocking traffic) can't be reliably told apart
from server startup issues, and the minor problem that if server startup
isn't quick, we accumulate "the database system is starting up" spam
in the server log. We've hacked around many of the possible connection
issues, but it resulted in ugly and complicated code in pg_ctl.c.
In commit c61559ec3, I changed the probe rate to every tenth of a second.
That prompted Jeff Janes to complain that the log-spam problem had become
much worse. In the ensuing discussion, Andres Freund pointed out that
we could dispense with connection attempts altogether if the postmaster
were changed to report its status in postmaster.pid, which "pg_ctl start"
already relies on being able to read. This patch implements that, teaching
postmaster.c to report a status string into the pidfile at the same
state-change points already identified as being of interest for systemd
status reporting (cf commit 7d17e683f). pg_ctl no longer needs to link
with libpq at all; all its functions now depend on reading server files.
In support of this, teach AddToDataDirLockFile() to allow addition of
postmaster.pid lines in not-necessarily-sequential order. This is needed
on Windows where the SHMEM_KEY line will never be written at all. We still
have the restriction that we don't want to truncate the pidfile; document
the reasons for that a bit better.
Also, fix the pg_ctl TAP tests so they'll notice if "start -w" mode
is broken --- before, they'd just wait out the sixty seconds until
the loop gives up, and then report success anyway. (Yes, I found that
out the hard way.)
While at it, arrange for pg_ctl to not need to #include miscadmin.h;
as a rather low-level backend header, requiring that to be compilable
client-side is pretty dubious. This requires moving the #define's
associated with the pidfile into a new header file, and moving
PG_BACKEND_VERSIONSTR someplace else. For lack of a clearly better
"someplace else", I put it into port.h, beside the declaration of
find_other_exec(), since most users of that macro are passing the value to
find_other_exec(). (initdb still depends on miscadmin.h, but at least
pg_ctl and pg_upgrade no longer do.)
In passing, fix main.c so that PG_BACKEND_VERSIONSTR actually defines the
output of "postgres -V", which remarkably it had never done before.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAMkU=1xJW8e+CTotojOMBd-yzUvD0e_JZu2xHo=MnuZ4__m7Pg@mail.gmail.com
When a walreceiver dies, the startup process will notice that and send
a PMSIGNAL_START_WALRECEIVER signal to the postmaster, asking for a new
walreceiver to be launched. There's a race condition, which at least
in HEAD is very easy to hit, whereby the postmaster might see that
signal before it processes the SIGCHLD from the walreceiver process.
In that situation, sigusr1_handler() just dropped the start request
on the floor, reasoning that it must be redundant. Eventually, after
10 seconds (WALRCV_STARTUP_TIMEOUT), the startup process would make a
fresh request --- but that's a long time if the connection could have
been re-established almost immediately.
Fix it by setting a state flag inside the postmaster that we won't
clear until we do launch a walreceiver. In cases where that results
in an extra walreceiver launch, it's up to the walreceiver to realize
it's unwanted and go away --- but we have, and need, that logic anyway
for the opposite race case.
I came across this through investigating unexpected delays in the
src/test/recovery TAP tests: it manifests there in test cases where
a master server is stopped and restarted while leaving streaming
slaves active.
This logic has been broken all along, so back-patch to all supported
branches.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/21344.1498494720@sss.pgh.pa.us
Don't move parenthesized lines to the left, even if that means they
flow past the right margin.
By default, BSD indent lines up statement continuation lines that are
within parentheses so that they start just to the right of the preceding
left parenthesis. However, traditionally, if that resulted in the
continuation line extending to the right of the desired right margin,
then indent would push it left just far enough to not overrun the margin,
if it could do so without making the continuation line start to the left of
the current statement indent. That makes for a weird mix of indentations
unless one has been completely rigid about never violating the 80-column
limit.
This behavior has been pretty universally panned by Postgres developers.
Hence, disable it with indent's new -lpl switch, so that parenthesized
lines are always lined up with the preceding left paren.
This patch is much less interesting than the first round of indent
changes, but also bulkier, so I thought it best to separate the effects.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/E1dAmxK-0006EE-1r@gemulon.postgresql.org
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/30527.1495162840@sss.pgh.pa.us
Change pg_bsd_indent to follow upstream rules for placement of comments
to the right of code, and remove pgindent hack that caused comments
following #endif to not obey the general rule.
Commit e3860ffa4d wasn't actually using
the published version of pg_bsd_indent, but a hacked-up version that
tried to minimize the amount of movement of comments to the right of
code. The situation of interest is where such a comment has to be
moved to the right of its default placement at column 33 because there's
code there. BSD indent has always moved right in units of tab stops
in such cases --- but in the previous incarnation, indent was working
in 8-space tab stops, while now it knows we use 4-space tabs. So the
net result is that in about half the cases, such comments are placed
one tab stop left of before. This is better all around: it leaves
more room on the line for comment text, and it means that in such
cases the comment uniformly starts at the next 4-space tab stop after
the code, rather than sometimes one and sometimes two tabs after.
Also, ensure that comments following #endif are indented the same
as comments following other preprocessor commands such as #else.
That inconsistency turns out to have been self-inflicted damage
from a poorly-thought-through post-indent "fixup" in pgindent.
This patch is much less interesting than the first round of indent
changes, but also bulkier, so I thought it best to separate the effects.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/E1dAmxK-0006EE-1r@gemulon.postgresql.org
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/30527.1495162840@sss.pgh.pa.us
The new indent version includes numerous fixes thanks to Piotr Stefaniak.
The main changes visible in this commit are:
* Nicer formatting of function-pointer declarations.
* No longer unexpectedly removes spaces in expressions using casts,
sizeof, or offsetof.
* No longer wants to add a space in "struct structname *varname", as
well as some similar cases for const- or volatile-qualified pointers.
* Declarations using PG_USED_FOR_ASSERTS_ONLY are formatted more nicely.
* Fixes bug where comments following declarations were sometimes placed
with no space separating them from the code.
* Fixes some odd decisions for comments following case labels.
* Fixes some cases where comments following code were indented to less
than the expected column 33.
On the less good side, it now tends to put more whitespace around typedef
names that are not listed in typedefs.list. This might encourage us to
put more effort into typedef name collection; it's not really a bug in
indent itself.
There are more changes coming after this round, having to do with comment
indentation and alignment of lines appearing within parentheses. I wanted
to limit the size of the diffs to something that could be reviewed without
one's eyes completely glazing over, so it seemed better to split up the
changes as much as practical.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/E1dAmxK-0006EE-1r@gemulon.postgresql.org
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/30527.1495162840@sss.pgh.pa.us
This reverts commit 086221cf6b, which
was made to master only.
The approach implemented in the above commit has some issues. While
those could easily be fixed incrementally, doing so would make
backpatching considerably harder, so instead first revert this patch.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20170602002912.tqlwn4gymzlxpvs2@alap3.anarazel.de
When the checkpointer writes the shutdown checkpoint, it checks
afterwards whether any WAL has been written since it started and throws
a PANIC if so. At that point, only walsenders are still active, so one
might think this could not happen, but walsenders can also generate WAL,
for instance in BASE_BACKUP and certain variants of
CREATE_REPLICATION_SLOT. So they can trigger this panic if such a
command is run while the shutdown checkpoint is being written.
To fix this, divide the walsender shutdown into two phases. First, the
postmaster sends a SIGUSR2 signal to all walsenders. The walsenders
then put themselves into the "stopping" state. In this state, they
reject any new commands. (For simplicity, we reject all new commands,
so that in the future we do not have to track meticulously which
commands might generate WAL.) The checkpointer waits for all walsenders
to reach this state before proceeding with the shutdown checkpoint.
After the shutdown checkpoint is done, the postmaster sends
SIGINT (previously unused) to the walsenders. This triggers the
existing shutdown behavior of sending out the shutdown checkpoint record
and then terminating.
Author: Michael Paquier <michael.paquier@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com>
Previously, maybe_start_bgworker() would launch at most one bgworker
process per call, on the grounds that the postmaster might otherwise
neglect its other duties for too long. However, that seems overly
conservative, especially since bad effects only become obvious when
many hundreds of bgworkers need to be launched at once. On the other
side of the coin is that the existing logic could result in substantial
delay of bgworker launches, because ServerLoop isn't guaranteed to
iterate immediately after a signal arrives. (My attempt to fix that
by using pselect(2) encountered too many portability question marks,
and in any case could not help on platforms without pselect().)
One could also question the wisdom of using an O(N^2) processing
method if the system is intended to support so many bgworkers.
As a compromise, allow that function to launch up to 100 bgworkers
per call (and in consequence, rename it to maybe_start_bgworkers).
This will allow any normal parallel-query request for workers
to be satisfied immediately during sigusr1_handler, avoiding the
question of whether ServerLoop will be able to launch more promptly.
There is talk of rewriting the postmaster to use a WaitEventSet to
avoid the signal-response-delay problem, but I'd argue that this change
should be kept even after that happens (if it ever does).
Backpatch to 9.6 where parallel query was added. The issue exists
before that, but previous uses of bgworkers typically aren't as
sensitive to how quickly they get launched.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/4707.1493221358@sss.pgh.pa.us
This reverts commit 81069a9efc.
Buildfarm results suggest that some platforms have versions of pselect(2)
that are not merely non-atomic, but flat out non-functional. Revert the
use-pselect patch to confirm this diagnosis (and exclude the no-SA_RESTART
patch as the source of trouble). If it's so, we should probably look into
blacklisting specific platforms that have broken pselect.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/9696.1493072081@sss.pgh.pa.us
Traditionally we've unblocked signals, called select(2), and then blocked
signals again. The code expects that the select() will be cancelled with
EINTR if an interrupt occurs; but there's a race condition, which is that
an already-pending signal will be delivered as soon as we unblock, and then
when we reach select() there will be nothing preventing it from waiting.
This can result in a long delay before we perform any action that
ServerLoop was supposed to have taken in response to the signal. As with
the somewhat-similar symptoms fixed by commit 893902085, the main practical
problem is slow launching of parallel workers. The window for trouble is
usually pretty short, corresponding to one iteration of ServerLoop; but
it's not negligible.
To fix, use pselect(2) in place of select(2) where available, as that's
designed to solve exactly this problem. Where not available, we continue
to use the old way, and are no worse off than before.
pselect(2) has been required by POSIX since about 2001, so most modern
platforms should have it. A bigger portability issue is that some
implementations are said to be non-atomic, ie pselect() isn't really
any different from unblock/select/reblock. Still, we're no worse off
than before on such a platform.
There is talk of rewriting the postmaster to use a WaitEventSet and
not do signal response work in signal handlers, at which point this
could be reverted, since we'd be using a self-pipe to solve the race
condition. But that's not happening before v11 at the earliest.
Back-patch to 9.6. The problem exists much further back, but the
worst symptom arises only in connection with parallel query, so it
does not seem worth taking any portability risks in older branches.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/9205.1492833041@sss.pgh.pa.us
The postmaster keeps signals blocked everywhere except while waiting
for something to happen in ServerLoop(). The code expects that the
select(2) will be cancelled with EINTR if an interrupt occurs; without
that, followup actions that should be performed by ServerLoop() itself
will be delayed. However, some platforms interpret the SA_RESTART
signal flag as meaning that they should restart rather than cancel
the select(2). Worse yet, some of them restart it with the original
timeout delay, meaning that a steady stream of signal interrupts can
prevent ServerLoop() from iterating at all if there are no incoming
connection requests.
Observable symptoms of this, on an affected platform such as HPUX 10,
include extremely slow parallel query startup (possibly as much as
30 seconds) and failure to update timestamps on the postmaster's sockets
and lockfiles when no new connections arrive for a long time.
We can fix this by running the postmaster's signal handlers without
SA_RESTART. That would be quite a scary change if the range of code
where signals are accepted weren't so tiny, but as it is, it seems
safe enough. (Note that postmaster children do, and must, reset all
the handlers before unblocking signals; so this change should not
affect any child process.)
There is talk of rewriting the postmaster to use a WaitEventSet and
not do signal response work in signal handlers, at which point it might
be appropriate to revert this patch. But that's not happening before
v11 at the earliest.
Back-patch to 9.6. The problem exists much further back, but the
worst symptom arises only in connection with parallel query, so it
does not seem worth taking any portability risks in older branches.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/9205.1492833041@sss.pgh.pa.us
This corner case didn't behave nicely at all: the postmaster would
(partially) update its state as though the process had started
successfully, and be quite confused thereafter. Fix it to act
like the worker had crashed, instead.
In passing, refactor so that do_start_bgworker contains all the
state-change logic for bgworker launch, rather than just some of it.
Back-patch as far as 9.4. 9.3 contains similar logic, but it's just
enough different that I don't feel comfortable applying the patch
without more study; and the use of bgworkers in 9.3 was so small
that it doesn't seem worth the extra work.
transam/parallel.c is still entirely unprepared for the possibility
of bgworker startup failure, but that seems like material for a
separate patch.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/4905.1492813727@sss.pgh.pa.us
The POSIX standard does not say that the success return value for
fcntl(F_SETFD) and fcntl(F_SETFL) is zero; it says only that it's not -1.
We had several calls that were making the stronger assumption. Adjust
them to test specifically for -1 for strict spec compliance.
The standard further leaves open the possibility that the O_NONBLOCK
flag bit is not the only active one in F_SETFL's argument. Formally,
therefore, one ought to get the current flags with F_GETFL and store
them back with only the O_NONBLOCK bit changed when trying to change
the nonblock state. In port/noblock.c, we were doing the full pushup
in pg_set_block but not in pg_set_noblock, which is just weird. Make
both of them do it properly, since they have little business making
any assumptions about the socket they're handed. The other places
where we're issuing F_SETFL are working with FDs we just got from
pipe(2), so it's reasonable to assume the FDs' properties are all
default, so I didn't bother adding F_GETFL steps there.
Also, while pg_set_block deserves some points for trying to do things
right, somebody had decided that it'd be even better to cast fcntl's
third argument to "long". Which is completely loony, because POSIX
clearly says the third argument for an F_SETFL call is "int".
Given the lack of field complaints, these missteps apparently are not
of significance on any common platforms. But they're still wrong,
so back-patch to all supported branches.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/30882.1492800880@sss.pgh.pa.us
The syslogger will write out the current stderr and csvlog names, if
it's running and there are any, to a new file in the data directory
called "current_logfiles". We take care to remove this file when it
might no longer be valid (but not at shutdown). The function
pg_current_logfile() can be used to read the entries in the file.
Gilles Darold, reviewed and modified by Karl O. Pinc, Michael
Paquier, and me. Further review by Álvaro Herrera and Christoph Berg.
Tom Lane observed buildfarm failures caused by the select_parallel
regression test trying to launch new parallel queries before the
worker slots used by the previous ones were freed. Try to fix this by
having the postmaster free the worker slots before it sends the
SIGUSR1 notifications to the registering process. This doesn't
completely eliminate the possibility that the user backend might
(correctly) observe the worker as dead before the slot is free, but I
believe it should make the window significantly narrower.
Patch by me, per complaint from Tom Lane. Reviewed by Amit Kapila.
Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/30673.1487310734@sss.pgh.pa.us
Leave OpenSSL's default passphrase collection callback in place during
the first call of secure_initialize() in server startup. Although that
doesn't work terribly well in daemon contexts, some people feel we should
not break it for anyone who was successfully using it before. We still
block passphrase demands during SIGHUP, meaning that you can't adjust SSL
configuration on-the-fly if you used a passphrase, but this is no worse
than what it was before commit de41869b6. And we block passphrase demands
during EXEC_BACKEND reloads; that behavior wasn't useful either, but at
least now it's documented.
Tweak some related log messages for more readability, and avoid issuing
essentially duplicate messages about reload failure caused by a passphrase.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/29982.1483412575@sss.pgh.pa.us
It is no longer necessary to restart the server to enable, disable,
or reconfigure SSL. Instead, we just create a new SSL_CTX struct
(by re-reading all relevant files) whenever we get SIGHUP. Testing
shows that this is fast enough that it shouldn't be a problem.
In conjunction with that, downgrade the logic that complains about
pg_hba.conf "hostssl" lines when SSL isn't active: now that's just
a warning condition not an error.
An issue that still needs to be addressed is what shall we do with
passphrase-protected server keys? As this stands, the server would
demand the passphrase again on every SIGHUP, which is certainly
impractical. But the case was only barely supported before, so that
does not seem a sufficient reason to hold up committing this patch.
Andreas Karlsson, reviewed by Michael Banck and Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/556A6E8A.9030400@proxel.se
Previously, the "sem" field of PGPROC varied in size depending on which
kernel semaphore API we were using. That was okay as long as there was
only one likely choice per platform, but in the wake of commit ecb0d20a9,
that assumption seems rather shaky. It doesn't seem out of the question
anymore that an extension compiled against one API choice might be loaded
into a postmaster built with another choice. Moreover, this prevents any
possibility of selecting the semaphore API at postmaster startup, which
might be something we want to do in future.
Hence, change PGPROC.sem to be PGSemaphore (i.e. a pointer) for all Unix
semaphore APIs, and turn the pointed-to data into an opaque struct whose
contents are only known within the responsible modules.
For the SysV and unnamed-POSIX APIs, the pointed-to data has to be
allocated elsewhere in shared memory, which takes a little bit of
rejiggering of the InitShmemAllocation code sequence. (I invented a
ShmemAllocUnlocked() function to make that a little cleaner than it used
to be. That function is not meant for any uses other than the ones it
has now, but it beats having InitShmemAllocation() know explicitly about
allocation of space for semaphores and spinlocks.) This change means an
extra indirection to access the semaphore data, but since we only touch
that when blocking or awakening a process, there shouldn't be any
meaningful performance penalty. Moreover, at least for the unnamed-POSIX
case on Linux, the sem_t type is quite a bit wider than a pointer, so this
reduces sizeof(PGPROC) which seems like a good thing.
For the named-POSIX API, there's effectively no change: the PGPROC.sem
field was and still is a pointer to something returned by sem_open() in
the postmaster's memory space. Document and check the pre-existing
limitation that this case can't work in EXEC_BACKEND mode.
It did not seem worth unifying the Windows semaphore ABI with the Unix
cases, since there's no likelihood of needing ABI compatibility much less
runtime switching across those cases. However, we can simplify the Windows
code a bit if we define PGSemaphore as being directly a HANDLE, rather than
pointer to HANDLE, so let's do that while we're here. (This also ends up
being no change in what's physically stored in PGPROC.sem. We're just
moving the HANDLE fetch from callees to callers.)
It would take a bunch of additional code shuffling to get to the point of
actually choosing a semaphore API at postmaster start, but the effects
of that would now be localized in the port/XXX_sema.c files, so it seems
like fit material for a separate patch. The need for it is unproven as
yet, anyhow, whereas the ABI risk to extensions seems real enough.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/4029.1481413370@sss.pgh.pa.us
Also use the new facility for generating RADIUS authenticator requests,
and salt in chkpass extension.
Reword the error messages to be nicer. Fix bogus error code used in the
message in BackendStartup.
pg_backend_random() is used for MD5 salt generation, but it can fail, and
no checks were done on its status code.
Fix memory leak, if generating a random number for a cancel key failed.
Both issues were spotted by Coverity. Fix by Michael Paquier.
In commit fe0a0b59, the datatype used for MyCancelKey and other variables
that store cancel keys were changed from long to uint32, but I missed this
one. That broke query cancellation on platforms where long is wider than 32
bits.
Report by Andres Freund, fix by Michael Paquier.
This adds a new routine, pg_strong_random() for generating random bytes,
for use in both frontend and backend. At the moment, it's only used in
the backend, but the upcoming SCRAM authentication patches need strong
random numbers in libpq as well.
pg_strong_random() is based on, and replaces, the existing implementation
in pgcrypto. It can acquire strong random numbers from a number of sources,
depending on what's available:
- OpenSSL RAND_bytes(), if built with OpenSSL
- On Windows, the native cryptographic functions are used
- /dev/urandom
Unlike the current pgcrypto function, the source is chosen by configure.
That makes it easier to test different implementations, and ensures that
we don't accidentally fall back to a less secure implementation, if the
primary source fails. All of those methods are quite reliable, it would be
pretty surprising for them to fail, so we'd rather find out by failing
hard.
If no strong random source is available, we fall back to using erand48(),
seeded from current timestamp, like PostmasterRandom() was. That isn't
cryptographically secure, but allows us to still work on platforms that
don't have any of the above stronger sources. Because it's not very secure,
the built-in implementation is only used if explicitly requested with
--disable-strong-random.
This replaces the more complicated Fortuna algorithm we used to have in
pgcrypto, which is unfortunate, but all modern platforms have /dev/urandom,
so it doesn't seem worth the maintenance effort to keep that. pgcrypto
functions that require strong random numbers will be disabled with
--disable-strong-random.
Original patch by Magnus Hagander, tons of further work by Michael Paquier
and me.
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAB7nPqRy3krN8quR9XujMVVHYtXJ0_60nqgVc6oUk8ygyVkZsA@mail.gmail.com
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAB7nPqRWkNYRRPJA7-cF+LfroYV10pvjdz6GNvxk-Eee9FypKA@mail.gmail.com
This bug exists as far back as 9.0, when Hot Standby was introduced,
so back-patch to all supported branches.
Report and patch by Takayuki Tsunakawa, reviewed by Michael Paquier
and Kuntal Ghosh.
This reverts commit 9e083fd468. That was a
few bricks shy of a load:
* Query cancel stopped working
* Buildfarm member pademelon stopped working, because the box doesn't have
/dev/urandom nor /dev/random.
This clearly needs some more discussion, and a quite different patch, so
revert for now.
This adds a new routine, pg_strong_random() for generating random bytes,
for use in both frontend and backend. At the moment, it's only used in
the backend, but the upcoming SCRAM authentication patches need strong
random numbers in libpq as well.
pg_strong_random() is based on, and replaces, the existing implementation
in pgcrypto. It can acquire strong random numbers from a number of sources,
depending on what's available:
- OpenSSL RAND_bytes(), if built with OpenSSL
- On Windows, the native cryptographic functions are used
- /dev/urandom
- /dev/random
Original patch by Magnus Hagander, with further work by Michael Paquier
and me.
Discussion: <CAB7nPqRy3krN8quR9XujMVVHYtXJ0_60nqgVc6oUk8ygyVkZsA@mail.gmail.com>
In standard Unix builds, postmaster child processes do ClosePostmasterPorts
immediately after InitPostmasterChild, that is almost immediately after
being spawned. This is important because we don't want children holding
open the postmaster's end of the postmaster death watch pipe.
However, in EXEC_BACKEND builds, SubPostmasterMain was postponing this
responsibility significantly, in order to make it slightly more convenient
to pass the right flag value to ClosePostmasterPorts. This is bad,
particularly seeing that process_shared_preload_libraries() might invoke
nearly-arbitrary code. Rearrange so that we do it as soon as we've
fetched the socket FDs via read_backend_variables().
Also move the comment explaining about randomize_va_space to before the
call of PGSharedMemoryReAttach, which is where it's relevant. The old
placement was appropriate when the reattach happened inside
CreateSharedMemoryAndSemaphores, but that was a long time ago.
Back-patch to 9.3; the patch doesn't apply cleanly before that, and
it doesn't seem worth a lot of effort given that we've had no actual
field complaints traceable to this.
Discussion: <4157.1475178360@sss.pgh.pa.us>
We weren't terribly consistent about whether to call Apple's OS "OS X"
or "Mac OS X", and the former is probably confusing to people who aren't
Apple users. Now that Apple has rebranded it "macOS", follow their lead
to establish a consistent naming pattern. Also, avoid the use of the
ancient project name "Darwin", except as the port code name which does not
seem desirable to change. (In short, this patch touches documentation and
comments, but no actual code.)
I didn't touch contrib/start-scripts/osx/, either. I suspect those are
obsolete and due for a rewrite, anyway.
I dithered about whether to apply this edit to old release notes, but
those were responsible for quite a lot of the inconsistencies, so I ended
up changing them too. Anyway, Apple's being ahistorical about this,
so why shouldn't we be?
Commits 470d886c3 et al intended to fix the problem that the postmaster
selected the same "random" DSM control segment ID on every start. But
using PostmasterRandom() for that destroys the intended property that the
delay between random_start_time and random_stop_time will be unpredictable.
(Said delay is probably already more predictable than we could wish, but
that doesn't mean that reducing it by a couple orders of magnitude is OK.)
Revert the previous patch and add a comment warning against misuse of
PostmasterRandom. Fix the original problem by calling srandom() early in
PostmasterMain, using a low-security seed that will later be overwritten
by PostmasterRandom.
Discussion: <20789.1474390434@sss.pgh.pa.us>
When building libpq, ip.c and md5.c were symlinked or copied from
src/backend/libpq into src/interfaces/libpq, but now that we have a
directory specifically for routines that are shared between the server and
client binaries, src/common/, move them there.
Some routines in ip.c were only used in the backend. Keep those in
src/backend/libpq, but rename to ifaddr.c to avoid confusion with the file
that's now in common.
Fix the comment in src/common/Makefile to reflect how libpq actually links
those files.
There are two more files that libpq symlinks directly from src/backend:
encnames.c and wchar.c. I don't feel compelled to move those right now,
though.
Patch by Michael Paquier, with some changes by me.
Discussion: <69938195-9c76-8523-0af8-eb718ea5b36e@iki.fi>
I found that half a dozen (nearly 5%) of our AllocSetContextCreate calls
had typos in the context-sizing parameters. While none of these led to
especially significant problems, they did create minor inefficiencies,
and it's now clear that expecting people to copy-and-paste those calls
accurately is not a great idea. Let's reduce the risk of future errors
by introducing single macros that encapsulate the common use-cases.
Three such macros are enough to cover all but two special-purpose contexts;
those two calls can be left as-is, I think.
While this patch doesn't in itself improve matters for third-party
extensions, it doesn't break anything for them either, and they can
gradually adopt the simplified notation over time.
In passing, change TopMemoryContext to use the default allocation
parameters. Formerly it could only be extended 8K at a time. That was
probably reasonable when this code was written; but nowadays we create
many more contexts than we did then, so that it's not unusual to have a
couple hundred K in TopMemoryContext, even without considering various
dubious code that sticks other things there. There seems no good reason
not to let it use growing blocks like most other contexts.
Back-patch to 9.6, mostly because that's still close enough to HEAD that
it's easy to do so, and keeping the branches in sync can be expected to
avoid some future back-patching pain. The bugs fixed by these changes
don't seem to be significant enough to justify fixing them further back.
Discussion: <21072.1472321324@sss.pgh.pa.us>
All we need is 4 bytes at the moment, for MD5 authentication. But in
upcomint patches for SCRAM authentication, SCRAM will need a salt of
different length. It's less scary for the caller to pass the buffer
length anyway, than assume a certain-sized output buffer.
Author: Michael Paquier
Discussion: <CAB7nPqQvO4sxLFeS9D+NM3wpy08ieZdAj_6e117MQHZAfxBFsg@mail.gmail.com>
We don't want postmaster child processes to contain a copy of the
postmaster's PostmasterContext. That would be a waste of memory at least,
and at worst a security issue, since there are copies of the semi-sensitive
pg_hba and pg_ident data in there. All other child process types delete
the PostmasterContext after forking, but the original coding of the
background worker patch (commit da07a1e85) did not do so. It appears
that the only reason for that was to avoid copying the bgworker's
MyBgworkerEntry out of that context; but the couple of additional
statements needed to do so are hardly good justification for it. Hence,
copy that data and then clear the context as other child processes do.
Because this patch changes the memory context in which a bgworker function
gains control, back-patching it would be a bit risky, so we won't fix this
in back branches. The "security" complaint is pretty thin anyway for
generic bgworkers; only with the introduction of parallel query is there
any question of running untrusted code in a bgworker process.
Discussion: <14111.1470082717@sss.pgh.pa.us>
This is apparently harmless on Windows, but on Unix it results in an
assertion failure. We'd not noticed because this code doesn't get
used on Unix unless you build with -DEXEC_BACKEND. Bug was evidently
introduced by sloppy refactoring in commit 31c453165.
Thomas Munro
Discussion: <CAEepm=1VOnbVx4wsgQFvj94hu9jVt2nVabCr7QiooUSvPJXkgQ@mail.gmail.com>
Commit 0b0baf262 et al made this case print "(null)" on the grounds that
that's what happened on platforms that didn't crash. But neither behavior
was actually intentional. What we should print is just an empty string,
for compatibility with the behavior of SHOW and other ways of examining
string GUCs. Those code paths don't distinguish NULL from empty strings,
so we should not here either. Per gripe from Alain Radix.
Like the previous patch, back-patch to 9.2 where -C option was introduced.
Discussion: <CA+YdpwxPUADrmxSD7+Td=uOshMB1KkDN7G7cf+FGmNjjxMhjbw@mail.gmail.com>
Emit "(null)" instead, which was the behavior all along on platforms
that don't crash, eg OS X. Per report from Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais.
Back-patch to 9.2 where -C option was introduced.
Michael Paquier
Report: <20160615204036.2d35d86a@firost>
The distinction between "archive" and "hot_standby" existed only because
at the time "hot_standby" was added, there was some uncertainty about
stability. This is now a long time ago. We would like to move forward
with simplifying the replication configuration, but this distinction is
in the way, because a primary server cannot tell (without asking a
standby or predicting the future) which one of these would be the
appropriate level.
Pick a new name for the combined setting to make it clearer that it
covers all (non-logical) backup and replication uses. The old values
are still accepted but are converted internally.
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael.paquier@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: David Steele <david@pgmasters.net>
Further investigation says that there may be some slow operations after
we've finished ShutdownXLOG(), so add some more log messages to try to
isolate that. This is all temporary code too.
