Both hex format and the traditional "escape" format are automatically
handled on input. The output format is selected by the new GUC variable
bytea_output.
As committed, bytea_output defaults to HEX, which is an *incompatible
change*. We will keep it this way for awhile for testing purposes, but
should consider whether to switch to the more backwards-compatible
default of ESCAPE before 8.5 is released.
Peter Eisentraut
Add family of functions that did not exist earlier,
mainly due to historical omission. Original patch by
Abhijit Menon-Sen, with review and modifications by
Joe Conway. catversion.h bumped.
values being complained of.
In passing, also remove the arbitrary length limitation in the similar
error detail message for foreign key violations.
Itagaki Takahiro
The current implementation fires an AFTER ROW trigger for each tuple that
looks like it might be non-unique according to the index contents at the
time of insertion. This works well as long as there aren't many conflicts,
but won't scale to massive unique-key reassignments. Improving that case
is a TODO item.
Dean Rasheed
This alters various incidental uses of C++ key words to use other similar
identifiers, so that a C++ compiler won't choke outright. You still
(probably) need extern "C" { }; around the inclusion of backend headers.
based on a patch by Kurt Harriman <harriman@acm.org>
Also add a script cpluspluscheck to check for C++ compatibility in the
future. As of right now, this passes without error for me.
For character types with typmod, character_octet_length columns in the
information schema now show the maximum character length times the
maximum length of a character in the server encoding, instead of some
huge value as before.
has_column_privilege and has_any_column_privilege SQL functions; fix the
information_schema views that are supposed to pay attention to column
privileges; adjust pg_stats to show stats for any column you have select
privilege on; and fix COPY to allow copying a subset of columns if the user
has suitable per-column privileges for all the columns.
To improve efficiency of some of the information_schema views, extend the
has_xxx_privilege functions to allow inquiring about the OR of a set of
privileges in just one call. This is just exposing capability that already
existed in the underlying aclcheck routines.
In passing, make the information_schema views report the owner's own
privileges as being grantable, since Postgres assumes this even when the grant
option bit is not set in the ACL. This is a longstanding oversight.
Also, make the new has_xxx_privilege functions for foreign data objects follow
the same coding conventions used by the older ones.
Stephen Frost and Tom Lane
This doesn't do any remote or external things yet, but it gives modules
like plproxy and dblink a standardized and future-proof system for
managing their connection information.
Martin Pihlak and Peter Eisentraut
pseudo-type record[] to represent arrays of possibly-anonymous composite
types. Since composite datums carry their own type identification, no
extra knowledge is needed at the array level.
The main reason for doing this right now is that it is necessary to support
the general case of detection of cycles in recursive queries: if you need to
compare more than one column to detect a cycle, you need to compare a ROW()
to an array built from ROW()s, at least if you want to do it as the spec
suggests. Add some documentation and regression tests concerning the cycle
detection issue.
get_name_for_var_field didn't have enough context to interpret a reference to
a CTE query's output. Fixing this requires separate hacks for the regular
deparse case (pg_get_ruledef) and for the EXPLAIN case, since the available
context information is quite different. It's pretty nearly parallel to the
existing code for SUBQUERY RTEs, though. Also, add code to make sure we
qualify a relation name that matches a CTE name; else the CTE will mistakenly
capture the reference when reloading the rule.
In passing, fix a pre-existing problem with get_name_for_var_field not working
on variables in targetlists of SubqueryScan plan nodes. Although latent all
along, this wasn't a problem until we made EXPLAIN VERBOSE try to print
targetlists. To do this, refactor the deparse_context_for_plan API so that
the special case for SubqueryScan is all on ruleutils.c's side.
name of a fork ('main' or 'fsm', at the moment) to pg_relation_size() to
get the size of a specific fork. Defaults to 'main', if none given.
While we're at it, modify pg_relation_size to take a regclass as argument,
instead of separate variants taking oid and name. This change is
transparent to typical use where the table name is passed as a string
literal, like pg_relation_size('table'), but will break queries like
pg_relation_size(namecol), where namecol is of type name. text-type input
still works, and using a non-schema-qualified table name is not very
reliable anyway, so this is unlikely to break anyone's queries in practice.
In support of that, create a backend function pg_get_functiondef().
The psql command is functional but maybe a bit rough around the edges...
Abhijit Menon-Sen
int2-and-int8 implementations of the basic arithmetic operators +, -, *, /.
This doesn't really add any new functionality, but it avoids "operator is not
unique" failures that formerly occurred in these cases because the parser
couldn't decide whether to promote the int2 to int4 or int8. We could
alternatively have removed the existing cross-type operators, but
experimentation shows that the cost of an additional type coercion expression
node is noticeable compared to such cheap operators; so let's not give up any
performance here. On the other hand, I removed the int2-and-int4 modulo (%)
operators since they didn't seem as important from a performance standpoint.
Per a complaint last January from ykhuang.
the associated datatype as their equality member. This means that these
opclasses can now support plain equality comparisons along with LIKE tests,
thus avoiding the need for an extra index in some applications. This
optimization was not possible when the pattern opclasses were first introduced,
because we didn't insist that text equality meant bitwise equality; but we
do now, so there is no semantic difference between regular and pattern
equality operators.
I removed the name_pattern_ops opclass altogether, since it's really useless:
name's regular comparisons are just strcmp() and are unlikely to become
something different. Instead teach indxpath.c that btree name_ops can be
used for LIKE whether or not the locale is C. This might lead to a useful
speedup in LIKE queries on the system catalogs in non-C locales.
The ~=~ and ~<>~ operators are gone altogether. (It would have been nice to
keep them for backward compatibility's sake, but since the pg_amop structure
doesn't allow multiple equality operators per opclass, there's no way.)
A not-immediately-obvious incompatibility is that the sort order within
bpchar_pattern_ops indexes changes --- it had been identical to plain
strcmp, but is now trailing-blank-insensitive. This will impact
in-place upgrades, if those ever happen.
Per discussions a couple months ago.
algorithm. This is a good deal slower than our old roundoff-error-prone
code for long inputs, so we keep the old code for use in the transcendental
functions, where everything is approximate anyway. Also create a
user-accessible function div(numeric, numeric) to provide access to the
exact result of trunc(x/y) --- since the regular numeric / operator will
round off its result, simply computing that expression in SQL doesn't
reliably give the desired answer. This fixes bug #3387 and various related
corner cases, and improves the usefulness of PG for high-precision integer
arithmetic.
strings. This patch introduces four support functions cstring_to_text,
cstring_to_text_with_len, text_to_cstring, and text_to_cstring_buffer, and
two macros CStringGetTextDatum and TextDatumGetCString. A number of
existing macros that provided variants on these themes were removed.
Most of the places that need to make such conversions now require just one
function or macro call, in place of the multiple notational layers that used
to be needed. There are no longer any direct calls of textout or textin,
and we got most of the places that were using handmade conversions via
memcpy (there may be a few still lurking, though).
This commit doesn't make any serious effort to eliminate transient memory
leaks caused by detoasting toasted text objects before they reach
text_to_cstring. We changed PG_GETARG_TEXT_P to PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP in a few
places where it was easy, but much more could be done.
Brendan Jurd and Tom Lane
except that it returns the string 'NULL', rather than a SQL null, when called
with a null argument. This is often a much more useful behavior for
constructing dynamic queries. Add more discussion to the documentation
about how to use these functions.
Brendan Jurd
constraint status of copied indexes (bug #3774), as well as various other
small bugs such as failure to pstrdup when needed. Allow INCLUDING INDEXES
indexes to be merged with identical declared indexes (perhaps not real useful,
but the code is there and having it not apply to LIKE indexes seems pretty
unorthogonal). Avoid useless work in generateClonedIndexStmt(). Undo some
poorly chosen API changes, and put a couple of routines in modules that seem
to be better places for them.
database via builtin functions, as recently discussed on -hackers.
chr() now returns a character in the database encoding. For UTF8 encoded databases
the argument is treated as a Unicode code point. For other multi-byte encodings
the argument must designate a strict ascii character, or an error is raised,
as is also the case if the argument is 0.
ascii() is adjusted so that it remains the inverse of chr().
The two argument form of convert() is gone, and the three argument form now
takes a bytea first argument and returns a bytea. To cover this loss three new
functions are introduced:
. convert_from(bytea, name) returns text - converts the first argument from the
named encoding to the database encoding
. convert_to(text, name) returns bytea - converts the first argument from the
database encoding to the named encoding
. length(bytea, name) returns int - gives the length of the first argument in
characters in the named encoding
days that was obsolete the moment we had IN (SELECT ...) capability.
It's arguably a security hole since it applied no permissions check to
the table it searched, and since it was never documented anywhere,
removing it seems more appropriate than fixing it.
Oleg Bartunov and Teodor Sigaev, but I did a lot of editorializing,
so anything that's broken is probably my fault.
Documentation is nonexistent as yet, but let's land the patch so we can
get some portability testing done.
were accepted by prior Postgres releases. This takes care of the loose end
left by the preceding patch to downgrade implicit casts-to-text. To avoid
breaking desirable behavior for array concatenation, introduce a new
polymorphic pseudo-type "anynonarray" --- the added concatenation operators
are actually text || anynonarray and anynonarray || text.
from the other string-category types; this eliminates a lot of surprising
interpretations that the parser could formerly make when there was no directly
applicable operator.
Create a general mechanism that supports casts to and from the standard string
types (text,varchar,bpchar) for *every* datatype, by invoking the datatype's
I/O functions. These new casts are assignment-only in the to-string direction,
explicit-only in the other, and therefore should create no surprising behavior.
Remove a bunch of thereby-obsoleted datatype-specific casting functions.
The "general mechanism" is a new expression node type CoerceViaIO that can
actually convert between *any* two datatypes if their external text
representations are compatible. This is more general than needed for the
immediate feature, but might be useful in plpgsql or other places in future.
This commit does nothing about the issue that applying the concatenation
operator || to non-text types will now fail, often with strange error messages
due to misinterpreting the operator as array concatenation. Since it often
(not always) worked before, we should either make it succeed or at least give
a more user-friendly error; but details are still under debate.
Peter Eisentraut and Tom Lane
type. Also, add explicit casts between boolean and text/varchar. Both
of these changes are for conformance with SQL:2003.
Update the regression tests, bump the catversion.
and inet_server_addr() fail if the client connected over a "scoped" IPv6
address. In this case getnameinfo() will return a string ending with
a poorly-standardized "%something" zone specifier, which these functions
try to feed to network_in(), which won't take it. So that we don't lose
functionality altogether, suppress the zone specifier before giving the
string to network_in(). Per report from Brian Hirt.
TODO: probably someday the inet type should support scoped IPv6 addresses,
and then this patch should be reverted.
Backpatch to 8.2 ... is it worth going further?
numerics as "oprcanhash", and make the corresponding system catalog
updates. As a result, hash indexes, hashed aggregation, and hash
joins can now be used with the numeric type. Bump the catversion.
The only tricky aspect to doing this is writing a correct hash
function: it's possible for two Numerics to be equal according to
their equality operator, but have different in-memory bit patterns.
To cope with this, the hash function doesn't consider the Numeric's
"scale" or "sign", and explictly skips any leading or trailing
zeros in the Numeric's digit buffer (the current implementation
should suppress any such zeros, but it seems unwise to rely upon
this). See discussion on pgsql-patches for more details.
and regexp_split_to_table. These functions provide access to the
capture groups resulting from a POSIX regular expression match,
and provide the ability to split a string on a POSIX regular
expression, respectively. Patch from Jeremy Drake; code review by
Neil Conway, additional comments and suggestions from Tom and
Peter E.
This patch bumps the catversion, adds some regression tests,
and updates the docs.
drill down into subplan targetlists to print the referent expression for an
OUTER or INNER var in an upper plan node. Hence, make it do that always, and
banish the old hack of showing "?columnN?" when things got too complicated.
Along the way, fix an EXPLAIN bug I introduced by suppressing subqueries from
execution-time range tables: get_name_for_var_field() assumed it could look at
rte->subquery to find out the real type of a RECORD var. That doesn't work
anymore, but instead we can look at the input plan of the SubqueryScan plan
node.
that defined in RFC 4122. This patch includes the basic implementation,
plus regression tests. Documentation and perhaps some additional
functionality will come later. Catversion bumped.
Patch from Gevik Babakhani; review from Peter, Tom, and myself.
The implementation is somewhat ugly logic-wise, but I don't see an
easy way to make it more concise.
When writing this, I noticed that my previous implementation of
width_bucket() doesn't handle NaN correctly:
postgres=# select width_bucket('NaN', 1, 5, 5);
width_bucket
--------------
6
(1 row)
AFAICS SQL:2003 does not define a NaN value, so it doesn't address how
width_bucket() should behave here. The patch changes width_bucket() so
that ereport(ERROR) is raised if NaN is specified for the operand or the
lower or upper bounds to width_bucket(). For float8, NaN is disallowed
for any of the floating-point inputs, and +/- infinity is disallowed
for the histogram bounds (but allowed for the operand).
Update docs and regression tests, bump the catversion.
form '^(foo)$'. Before, these could never be optimized into indexscans.
The recent changes to make psql and pg_dump generate such patterns (for \d
commands and -t and related switches, respectively) therefore represented
a big performance hit for people with large pg_class catalogs, as seen in
recent gripe from Erik Jones. While at it, be more paranoid about
case-sensitivity checking in multibyte encodings, and fix some other
corner cases in which a regex might be interpreted too liberally.
contrib functionality. Along the way, remove the USER_LOCKS configuration
symbol, since it no longer makes any sense to try to compile that out.
No user documentation yet ... mmoncure has promised to write some.
Thanks to Abhijit Menon-Sen for creating a first draft to work from.
the float8 versions of the aggregates, which is all that the standard requires.
Sergey's original patch also provided versions using numeric arithmetic,
but given the size and slowness of the code, I doubt we ought to include
those in core.
opclass. This is not so much because anyone's likely to create an index
on TID, as that sorting TIDs can be useful. Also added max and min
aggregates while at it, so that one can investigate the clusteredness of
a table with queries like SELECT min(ctid), max(ctid) FROM tab WHERE ...
Greg Stark and Tom Lane
when trying to locate the referent of a RECORD variable. This fixes the
'record type has not been registered' failure reported by Stefan
Kaltenbrunner about a month ago. A side effect of the way I chose to
fix it is that most variable references in join conditions will now be
properly labeled with the variable's source table name, instead of the
not-too-helpful 'outer' or 'inner' we used to use.
that apply the necessary domain constraint checks immediately. This fixes
cases where domain constraints went unchecked for statement parameters,
PL function local variables and results, etc. We can also eliminate existing
special cases for domains in places that had gotten it right, eg COPY.
Also, allow domains over domains (base of a domain is another domain type).
This almost worked before, but was disallowed because the original patch
hadn't gotten it quite right.
var_samp(), stddev_pop(), and stddev_samp(). var_samp() and stddev_samp()
are just renamings of the historical Postgres aggregates variance() and
stddev() -- the latter names have been kept for backward compatibility.
This patch includes updates for the documentation and regression tests.
The catversion has been bumped.
NB: SQL2003 requires that DISTINCT not be specified for any of these
aggregates. Per discussion on -patches, I have NOT implemented this
restriction: if the user asks for stddev(DISTINCT x), presumably they
know what they are doing.
creation of a shell type. This allows a less hacky way of dealing with
the mutual dependency between a datatype and its I/O functions: make a
shell type, then make the functions, then define the datatype fully.
We should fix pg_dump to handle things this way, but this commit just deals
with the backend.
Martijn van Oosterhout, with some corrections by Tom Lane.
and rely exclusively on the SQL type system to tell the difference between
the types. Prevent creation of invalid CIDR values via casting from INET
or set_masklen() --- both of these operations now silently zero any bits
to the right of the netmask. Remove duplicate CIDR comparison operators,
letting the type rely on the INET operators instead.
cursors. Patch from Joachim Wieland, review and ediorialization by Neil
Conway. The view lists cursors defined by DECLARE CURSOR, using SPI, or
via the Bind message of the frontend/backend protocol. This means the
view does not list the unnamed portal or the portal created to implement
EXECUTE. Because we do list SPI portals, there might be more rows in
this view than you might expect if you are using SPI implicitly (e.g.
via a procedural language).
Per recent discussion on -hackers, the query string included in the
view for cursors defined by DECLARE CURSOR is based on
debug_query_string. That means it is not accurate if multiple queries
separated by semicolons are submitted as one query string. However,
there doesn't seem a trivial fix for that: debug_query_string
is better than nothing. I also changed SPI_cursor_open() to include
the source text for the portal it creates: AFAICS there is no reason
not to do this.
Update the documentation and regression tests, bump the catversion.
access information about the prepared statements that are available
in the current session. Original patch from Joachim Wieland, various
improvements by Neil Conway.
The "statement" column of the view contains the literal query string
sent by the client, without any rewriting or pretty printing. This
means that prepared statements created via SQL will be prefixed with
"PREPARE ... AS ", whereas those prepared via the FE/BE protocol will
not. That is unfortunate, but discussion on -patches did not yield an
efficient way to improve this, and there is some merit in returning
exactly what the client sent to the backend.
Catalog version bumped, regression tests updated.
comment line where output as too long, and update typedefs for /lib
directory. Also fix case where identifiers were used as variable names
in the backend, but as typedefs in ecpg (favor the backend for
indenting).
Backpatch to 8.1.X.
fix problems with replacement-string backslashes that aren't followed by
one of the expected characters, avoid giving the impression that
replace_text_regexp() is meant to be called directly as a SQL function,
etc.
argument as a 'regclass' value instead of a text string. The frontend
conversion of text string to pg_class OID is now encapsulated as an
implicitly-invocable coercion from text to regclass. This provides
backwards compatibility to the old behavior when the sequence argument
is explicitly typed as 'text'. When the argument is just an unadorned
literal string, it will be taken as 'regclass', which means that the
stored representation will be an OID. This solves longstanding problems
with renaming sequences that are referenced in default expressions, as
well as new-in-8.1 problems with renaming such sequences' schemas or
moving them to another schema. All per recent discussion.
Along the way, fix some rather serious problems in dbmirror's support
for mirroring sequence operations (int4 vs int8 confusion for instance).
sake of brevity and clarity.
Make pg_reload_conf(), pg_rotate_logfile(), and pg_cancel_backend()
return a boolean rather than an integer to indicate success or failure.
Along the way, make some minor cleanups to dbsize.c -- in particular,
use elog() rather than ereport() for "shouldn't happen" error
conditions, and remove some of the more flagrant violations of the
Postgres indentation conventions.
Catalog version bumped.
existing ones for object privileges. Update the information_schema for
roles --- pg_has_role() makes this a whole lot easier, removing the need
for most of the explicit joins with pg_user. The views should be a tad
faster now, too. Stephen Frost and Tom Lane.
The specification of this function is as follows.
regexp_replace(source text, pattern text, replacement text, [flags
text])
returns text
Replace string that matches to regular expression in source text to
replacement text.
- pattern is regular expression pattern.
- replacement is replace string that can use '\1'-'\9', and '\&'.
'\1'-'\9': back reference to the n'th subexpression.
'\&' : entire matched string.
- flags can use the following values:
g: global (replace all)
i: ignore case
When the flags is not specified, case sensitive, replace the first
instance only.
Atsushi Ogawa
from Abhijit Menon-Sen, minor editorialization from Neil Conway. Also,
improve md5(text) to allocate a constant-sized buffer on the stack
rather than via palloc.
Catalog version bumped.
be supported for all datatypes. Add CREATE AGGREGATE and pg_dump support
too. Add specialized min/max aggregates for bpchar, instead of depending
on text's min/max, because otherwise the possible use of bpchar indexes
cannot be recognized.
initdb forced because of catalog changes.
change saves a great deal of space in pg_proc and its primary index,
and it eliminates the former requirement that INDEX_MAX_KEYS and
FUNC_MAX_ARGS have the same value. INDEX_MAX_KEYS is still embedded
in the on-disk representation (because it affects index tuple header
size), but FUNC_MAX_ARGS is not. I believe it would now be possible
to increase FUNC_MAX_ARGS at little cost, but haven't experimented yet.
There are still a lot of vestigial references to FUNC_MAX_ARGS, which
I will clean up in a separate pass. However, getting rid of it
altogether would require changing the FunctionCallInfoData struct,
and I'm not sure I want to buy into that.
Also performed an initial run through of upgrading our Copyright date to
extend to 2005 ... first run here was very simple ... change everything
where: grep 1996-2004 && the word 'Copyright' ... scanned through the
generated list with 'less' first, and after, to make sure that I only
picked up the right entries ...
and history files as per recent discussion. While at it, remove
pg_terminate_backend, since we have decided we do not have time during
this release cycle to address the reliability concerns it creates.
Split the 'Miscellaneous Functions' documentation section into
'System Information Functions' and 'System Administration Functions',
which hopefully will draw the eyes of those looking for such things.
From an idea of Bruce, the attached patch implements the function
pg_tablespace_databases(oid) RETURNS SETOF oid
which delivers as set of database oids having objects in the selected
tablespace, enabling an admin to examine only the databases affecting
the tablespace for objects instead of scanning all of them.
initdb forced
This eliminates the assumption that a serial column's sequence will
have the same name on reload that it was given in the original database.
Christopher Kings-Lynne
cidr type bit, the same as network_eq does. This is needed for hash joins
and hash aggregation to work correctly on these types. Per bug report
from Michael Fuhr, 2004-04-13.
Also, improve hash function for int8 as suggested by Greg Stark.
the four functions.
> Also, please justify the temp-related changes. I was not aware that we
> had any breakage there.
patch-tmp-schema.txt contains the following bits:
*) Changes pg_namespace_aclmask() so that the superuser is always able
to create objects in the temp namespace.
*) Changes pg_namespace_aclmask() so that if this is a temp namespace,
objects are only allowed to be created in the temp namespace if the
user has TEMP privs on the database. This encompasses all object
creation, not just TEMP tables.
*) InitTempTableNamespace() checks to see if the current user, not the
session user, has access to create a temp namespace.
The first two changes are necessary to support the third change. Now
it's possible to revoke all temp table privs from non-super users and
limiting all creation of temp tables/schemas via a function that's
executed with elevated privs (security definer). Before this change,
it was not possible to have a setuid function to create a temp
table/schema if the session user had no TEMP privs.
patch-area-path.txt contains:
*) Can now determine the area of a closed path.
patch-dfmgr.txt contains:
*) Small tweak to add the library path that's being expanded.
I was using $lib/foo.so and couldn't easily figure out what the error
message, "invalid macro name in dynamic library path" meant without
looking through the source code. With the path in there, at least I
know where to start looking in my config file.
Sean Chittenden
(1) boolean-and and boolean-or aggregates named bool_and and bool_or.
they (SHOULD;-) correspond to standard sql every and some/any aggregates.
they do not have the right name as there is a problem with
the standard and the parser for some/any. Tom also think that
the standard name is misleading because NULL are ignored.
Also add 'every' aggregate.
(2) bitwise integer aggregates named bit_and and bit_or for
int2, int4, int8 and bit types. They are not standard, but I find
them useful. I needed them once.
The patches adds:
- 2 new very short strict functions for boolean aggregates in
src/backed/utils/adt/bool.c,
src/include/utils/builtins.h and src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h
- the new aggregates declared in src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h and
src/include/catalog/pg_aggregate.h
- some documentation and validation about these new aggregates.
Fabien COELHO
