Starting a parallel worker transaction changes our notion of which XIDs
are in-progress or committed, and our notion of the current command
counter ID. Therefore, our view of these caches prior to starting
this transaction may no longer valid. Defend against that by clearing
them.
This fixes a bug in commit 924bcf4f16.
Commit 924bcf4f16 failed to enforce
parallel mode checks during the commit of a parallel worker, because
we exited parallel mode prior to ending the transaction so that we
could pop the active snapshot. Re-establish parallel mode during
parallel worker commit. Without this, it's far too easy for unsafe
actions during the pre-commit sequence to crash the server instead of
hitting the error checks as intended.
Just to be extra paranoid, adjust a couple of the sanity checks in
xact.c to check not only IsInParallelMode() but also
IsParallelWorker().
Commit 924bcf4f16 correctly forbade
parallel workers to modify the command counter while in parallel mode,
but it inexplicably neglected to actually transfer the current command
counter from leader to workers. This can result in the workers seeing
a different set of tuples from the leader, which is bad. Repair.
Commit 2bd9e412f9 introduced a mechanism
for relaying protocol messages from a background worker to another
backend via a shm_mq. However, there was no provision for shutting
down the communication channel. Therefore, a protocol message sent
late in the shutdown sequence, such as a DEBUG message resulting from
cranking up log_min_messages, could crash the server. To fix, install
an on_dsm_detach callback that disables sending messages to the shm_mq
when the associated DSM is detached.
Module initialization was still not completely correct after commit
6b61955135, per crash report from Takashi Ohnishi. To fix, instead of
trying to monkey around with the value of the GUC setting directly, add
a separate boolean flag that enables the feature on a standby, but only
for the startup (recovery) process, when it sees that its master server
has the feature enabled.
Discussion: http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/ca44c6c7f9314868bdc521aea4f77cbf@MP-MSGSS-MBX004.msg.nttdata.co.jp
Also change the deactivation routine to delete all segment files rather
than leaving the last one around. (This doesn't need separate
WAL-logging, because on recovery we execute the same deactivation
routine anyway.)
In passing, clean up the code structure somewhat, particularly so that
xlog.c doesn't know so much about when to activate/deactivate the
feature.
Thanks to Fujii Masao for testing and Petr Jelínek for off-list discussion.
Back-patch to 9.5, where commit_ts was introduced.
If a transaction or subtransaction creates a ParallelContext but ends
without calling InitializeParallelDSM, the previous code would
seg fault. Fix that.
There are three main changes here:
1. No longer cause a start failure in a standby if the feature is
disabled in postgresql.conf but enabled in the master. This reverts one
part of commit 4f3924d9cd43; what we keep is the ability of the standby
to activate/deactivate the module (which includes creating and removing
segments as appropriate) during replay of such actions in the master.
2. Replay WAL records affecting commitTS even if the feature is
disabled. This means the standby will always have the same state as the
master after replay.
3. Have COMMIT PREPARE record the transaction commit time as well. We
were previously only applying it in the normal transaction commit path.
Author: Petr Jelínek
Discussion: http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAHGQGwHereDzzzmfxEBYcVQu3oZv6vZcgu1TPeERWbDc+gQ06g@mail.gmail.com
Discussion: http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAHGQGwFuzfO4JscM9LCAmCDCxp_MfLvN4QdB+xWsS-FijbjTYQ@mail.gmail.com
Additionally, I cleaned up nearby code related to replication origins,
which I found a bit hard to follow, and fixed a couple of typos.
Backpatch to 9.5, where this code was introduced.
Per bug reports from Fujii Masao and subsequent discussion.
In 9.5 and master there is no need to support legacy truncation. This is
just committed separately to make it easier to backpatch the WAL logged
multixact truncation to 9.3 and 9.4 if we later decide to do so.
I bumped master's magic from 0xD086 to 0xD088 and 9.5's from 0xD085 to
0xD087 to avoid 9.5 reusing a value that has been in use on master while
keeping the numbers increasing between major versions.
Discussion: 20150621192409.GA4797@alap3.anarazel.de
Backpatch: 9.5
The fact that multixact truncations are not WAL logged has caused a fair
share of problems. Amongst others it requires to do computations during
recovery while the database is not in a consistent state, delaying
truncations till checkpoints, and handling members being truncated, but
offset not.
We tried to put bandaids on lots of these issues over the last years,
but it seems time to change course. Thus this patch introduces WAL
logging for multixact truncations.
This allows:
1) to perform the truncation directly during VACUUM, instead of delaying it
to the checkpoint.
2) to avoid looking at the offsets SLRU for truncation during recovery,
we can just use the master's values.
3) simplify a fair amount of logic to keep in memory limits straight,
this has gotten much easier
During the course of fixing this a bunch of additional bugs had to be
fixed:
1) Data was not purged from memory the member's SLRU before deleting
segments. This happened to be hard or impossible to hit due to the
interlock between checkpoints and truncation.
2) find_multixact_start() relied on SimpleLruDoesPhysicalPageExist - but
that doesn't work for offsets that haven't yet been flushed to
disk. Add code to flush the SLRUs to fix. Not pretty, but it feels
slightly safer to only make decisions based on actual on-disk state.
3) find_multixact_start() could be called concurrently with a truncation
and thus fail. Via SetOffsetVacuumLimit() that could lead to a round
of emergency vacuuming. The problem remains in
pg_get_multixact_members(), but that's quite harmless.
For now this is going to only get applied to 9.5+, leaving the issues in
the older branches in place. It is quite possible that we need to
backpatch at a later point though.
For the case this gets backpatched we need to handle that an updated
standby may be replaying WAL from a not-yet upgraded primary. We have to
recognize that situation and use "old style" truncation (i.e. looking at
the SLRUs) during WAL replay. In contrast to before, this now happens in
the startup process, when replaying a checkpoint record, instead of the
checkpointer. Doing truncation in the restartpoint is incorrect, they
can happen much later than the original checkpoint, thereby leading to
wraparound. To avoid "multixact_redo: unknown op code 48" errors
standbys would have to be upgraded before primaries.
A later patch will bump the WAL page magic, and remove the legacy
truncation codepaths. Legacy truncation support is just included to make
a possible future backpatch easier.
Discussion: 20150621192409.GA4797@alap3.anarazel.de
Reviewed-By: Robert Haas, Alvaro Herrera, Thomas Munro
Backpatch: 9.5 for now
This patch changes the log message which is logged when the server
successfully renames backup_label file to *.old but fails to rename
tablespace_map file during the shutdown. Previously the WARNING
message "online backup mode was not canceled" was logged in that case.
However this message is confusing because the backup mode is treated
as canceled whenever backup_label is successfully renamed. So this
commit makes the server log the message "online backup mode canceled"
in that case.
Also this commit changes errdetail messages so that they follow the
error message style guide.
Back-patch to 9.5 where tablespace_map file is introduced.
Original patch by Amit Kapila, heavily modified by me.
This commit makes postmaster forcibly remove the files signaling
a standby promotion request. Otherwise, the existence of those files
can trigger a promotion too early, whether a user wants that or not.
This removal of files is usually unnecessary because they can exist
only during a few moments during a standby promotion. However
there is a race condition: if pg_ctl promote is executed and creates
the files during a promotion, the files can stay around even after
the server is brought up to new master. Then, if new standby starts
by using the backup taken from that master, the files can exist
at the server startup and should be removed in order to avoid
an unexpected promotion.
Back-patch to 9.1 where promote signal file was introduced.
Problem reported by Feike Steenbergen.
Original patch by Michael Paquier, modified by me.
Discussion: 20150528100705.4686.91426@wrigleys.postgresql.org
Formerly, we treated only portals created in the current subtransaction as
having failed during subtransaction abort. However, if the error occurred
while running a portal created in an outer subtransaction (ie, a cursor
declared before the last savepoint), that has to be considered broken too.
To allow reliable detection of which ones those are, add a bookkeeping
field to struct Portal that tracks the innermost subtransaction in which
each portal has actually been executed. (Without this, we'd end up
failing portals containing functions that had called the subtransaction,
thereby breaking plpgsql exception blocks completely.)
In addition, when we fail an outer-subtransaction Portal, transfer its
resources into the subtransaction's resource owner, so that they're
released early in cleanup of the subxact. This fixes a problem reported by
Jim Nasby in which a function executed in an outer-subtransaction cursor
could cause an Assert failure or crash by referencing a relation created
within the inner subtransaction.
The proximate cause of the Assert failure is that AtEOSubXact_RelationCache
assumed it could blow away a relcache entry without first checking that the
entry had zero refcount. That was a bad idea on its own terms, so add such
a check there, and to the similar coding in AtEOXact_RelationCache. This
provides an independent safety measure in case there are still ways to
provoke the situation despite the Portal-level changes.
This has been broken since subtransactions were invented, so back-patch
to all supported branches.
Tom Lane and Michael Paquier
The setting values of some parameters including max_worker_processes
must be equal to or higher than the values on the master. However,
previously max_worker_processes was not listed as such parameter
in the document. So this commit adds it to that list.
Back-patch to 9.4 where max_worker_processes was added.
The code had bugs that would cause crashes if NULL was passed as that
argument (originally intended to mean not to bother returning its
value), and after inspection it turns out that nothing seems interested
in the case that *ts is NULL anyway. Therefore, remove the partial
checks intended to support that case.
Author: Michael Paquier
though I didn't include a proposed Assert.
Backpatch to 9.5.
This fixes a bunch of somewhat pedantic warnings with new
compilers. Since by far the majority of other functions definitions use
the (void) style it just seems to be consistent to do so as well in the
remaining few places.
Amit reviewed the replication origins patch and made some good
points. Address them. This fixes typos in error messages, docs and
comments and adds a missing error check (although in a
should-never-happen scenario).
Discussion: CAA4eK1JqUBVeWWKwUmBPryFaje4190ug0y-OAUHWQ6tD83V4xg@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch: 9.5, where replication origins were introduced.
When a write transaction commits, it must clear its XID advertised via
the ProcArray, which requires that we hold ProcArrayLock in exclusive
mode in order to prevent concurrent processes running GetSnapshotData
from seeing inconsistent results. When many processes try to commit
at once, ProcArrayLock must change hands repeatedly, with each
concurrent process trying to commit waking up to acquire the lock in
turn. To make things more efficient, when more than one backend is
trying to commit a write transaction at the same time, have just one
of them acquire ProcArrayLock in exclusive mode and clear the XIDs of
all processes in the group. Benchmarking reveals that this is much
more efficient at very high client counts.
Amit Kapila, heavily revised by me, with some review also from Pavan
Deolasee.
If tablespace_map file is present without backup_label file, there is
no use of such file. There is no harm in retaining it, but it is better
to get rid of the map file so that we don't have any redundant file
in data directory and it will avoid any sort of confusion. It seems
prudent though to just rename the file out of the way rather than
delete it completely, also we ignore any error that occurs in rename
operation as even if map file is present without backup_label file,
it is harmless.
Back-patch to 9.5 where tablespace_map file was introduced.
Amit Kapila, reviewed by Robert Haas, Alvaro Herrera and me.
If a call to WaitForXLogInsertionsToFinish() returned a value in the middle
of a page, and another backend then started to insert a record to the same
page, and then you called WaitXLogInsertionsToFinish() again, the second
call might return a smaller value than the first call. The problem was in
GetXLogBuffer(), which always updated the insertingAt value to the
beginning of the requested page, not the actual requested location. Because
of that, the second call might return a xlog pointer to the beginning of
the page, while the first one returned a later position on the same page.
XLogFlush() performs two calls to WaitXLogInsertionsToFinish() in
succession, and holds WALWriteLock on the second call, which can deadlock
if the second call to WaitXLogInsertionsToFinish() blocks.
Reported by Spiros Ioannou. Backpatch to 9.4, where the more scalable
WALInsertLock mechanism, and this bug, was introduced.
The lwlock scalability work introduced two race conditions into the
lwlock variable support provided for xlog.c. First, and harmlessly on
most platforms, it set/read the variable without the spinlock in some
places. Secondly, due to the removal of the spinlock, it was possible
that a backend missed changes to the variable's state if it changed in
the wrong moment because checking the lock's state, the variable's state
and the queuing are not protected by a single spinlock acquisition
anymore.
To fix first move resetting the variable's from LWLockAcquireWithVar to
WALInsertLockRelease, via a new function LWLockReleaseClearVar. That
prevents issues around waiting for a variable's value to change when a
new locker has acquired the lock, but not yet set the value. Secondly
re-check that the variable hasn't changed after enqueing, that prevents
the issue that the lock has been released and already re-acquired by the
time the woken up backend checks for the lock's state.
Reported-By: Jeff Janes
Analyzed-By: Heikki Linnakangas
Reviewed-By: Heikki Linnakangas
Discussion: 5592DB35.2060401@iki.fi
Backpatch: 9.5, where the lwlock scalability went in
XLogReaderFree failed to free the per-block data buffers, when they
happened to not be used by the latest read WAL record.
Michael Paquier. Backpatch to 9.5, where the per-block buffers were added.
If there were no subtransactions (or multixacts) active, we would calculate
the oldestxid == next xid. That's correct, but if next XID happens to be
on the next pg_subtrans (pg_multixact) page, the page does not exist yet,
and SimpleLruTruncate will produce an "apparent wraparound" warning. The
warning is harmless in this case, but looks very alarming to users.
Backpatch to all supported versions. Patch and analysis by Thomas Munro.
There was already a sanity-check in the other direction: if a page was
marked with WILL_INIT, it had to be initialized by the redo routine. It's
not strictly necessary for correctness that a page is marked with WILL_INIT
if it's going to be initialized at redo, but it's a missed optimization if
nothing else.
Fix a few instances of this issue in SP-GiST, where a block in WAL record
was not marked with WILL_INIT, but was in fact always initialized at redo.
We were creating a full-page image of the page unnecessarily in those
cases.
Backpatch to 9.5, where the new WILL_INIT flag was added.
Patch by David Rowley. Backpatch to 9.5, as some of the calls were new in
9.5, and keeping the code in sync with master makes future backpatching
easier.
XLogFileCopy() was changed heavily in commit de76884. However it was
partially reverted in commit 7abc685 and most of those changes to
XLogFileCopy() were no longer needed. Then commit 7cbee7c removed
those unnecessary code, but XLogFileCopy() looked different in master
and 9.4 though the contents are almost the same.
This patch makes XLogFileCopy() look the same in master and back-branches,
which makes back-patching easier, per discussion on pgsql-hackers.
Back-patch to 9.5.
Discussion: 55760844.7090703@iki.fi
Michael Paquier
When archive recovery and restartpoints were initially introduced,
checkpoint_segments was ignored on the grounds that the files restored from
archive don't consume any space in the recovery server. That was changed in
later releases, but even then it was arguably a feature rather than a bug,
as performing restartpoints as often as checkpoints during normal operation
might be excessive, but you might nevertheless not want to waste a lot of
space for pre-allocated WAL by setting checkpoint_segments to a high value.
But now that we have separate min_wal_size and max_wal_size settings, you
can bound WAL usage with max_wal_size, and still avoid consuming excessive
space usage by setting min_wal_size to a lower value, so that argument is
moot.
There are still some issues with actually limiting the space usage to
max_wal_size: restartpoints in recovery can only start after seeing the
checkpoint record, while a checkpoint starts flushing buffers as soon as
the redo-pointer is set. Restartpoint is paced to happen at the same
leisurily speed, determined by checkpoint_completion_target, as checkpoints,
but because they are started later, max_wal_size can be exceeded by upto
one checkpoint cycle's worth of WAL, depending on
checkpoint_completion_target. But that seems better than not trying at all,
and max_wal_size is a soft limit anyway.
The documentation already claimed that max_wal_size is obeyed in recovery,
so this just fixes the behaviour to match the docs. However, add some
weasel-words there to mention that max_wal_size may well be exceeded by
some amount in recovery.
Seems like cheap insurance for WAL bugs. A spurious call to
XLogBeginInsert() in itself would be fairly harmless, but if there is any
data registered and the insertion is not completed/cancelled properly, there
is a risk that the data ends up in a wrong WAL record.
Per Jeff Janes's suggestion.
Don't apply rmtree(), which will gleefully remove an entire subtree,
and don't even apply unlink() unless it's symlink or a directory,
the only things that we expect to find.
Amit Kapila, with minor tweaks by me, per extensive discussions
involving Andrew Dunstan, Fujii Masao, and Heikki Linnakangas,
at least some of whom also reviewed the code.
Previously autovacuum was not necessarily triggered if space in the
members slru got tight. The first problem was that the signalling was
tied to values in the offsets slru, but members can advance much
faster. Thats especially a problem if old sessions had been around that
previously prevented the multixact horizon to increase. Secondly the
skipping logic doesn't work if the database was restarted after
autovacuum was triggered - that knowledge is not preserved across
restart. This is especially a problem because it's a common
panic-reaction to restart the database if it gets slow to
anti-wraparound vacuums.
Fix the first problem by separating the logic for members from
offsets. Trigger autovacuum whenever a multixact crosses a segment
boundary, as the current member offset increases in irregular values, so
we can't use a simple modulo logic as for offsets. Add a stopgap for
the second problem, by signalling autovacuum whenver ERRORing out
because of boundaries.
Discussion: 20150608163707.GD20772@alap3.anarazel.de
Backpatch into 9.3, where it became more likely that multixacts wrap
around.
9a20a9b2 added a new elog(), enabled when WAL_DEBUG is defined. The
other WAL_DEBUG dependant messages check for the wal_debug GUC, but this
one did not. While at it replace 'upto' with 'up to'.
Discussion: 20150610110253.GF3832@alap3.anarazel.de
Backpatch to 9.4, the first release containing 9a20a9b2.
Since find_multixact_start() relies on SimpleLruDoesPhysicalPageExist(),
and that function looks only at the on-disk state, it's possible for it
to fail to find a page that exists in the in-memory SLRU that has not
been written yet. If that happens, SetOffsetVacuumLimit() will
erroneously decide to force emergency autovacuuming immediately.
We should probably fix find_multixact_start() to consider the data
cached in memory as well as on the on-disk state, but that's no excuse
for SetOffsetVacuumLimit() to be stupid about the case where it can
no longer read the value after having previously succeeded in doing so.
Report by Andres Freund.
* Remove unused argument "dstfname" and related code from XLogFileCopy().
* Previously XLogFileCopy() returned a pstrdup'd string so that
InstallXLogFileSegment() used it later. Since the pstrdup'd string was never
free'd, there could be a risk of memory leak. It was almost harmless because
the startup process exited just after calling XLogFileCopy(), it existed.
This commit changes XLogFileCopy() so that it directly calls
InstallXLogFileSegment() and doesn't call pstrdup() at all. Which fixes that
memory leak problem.
* Extend InstallXLogFileSegment() so that the caller can specify the log level.
Which allows us to emit an error when InstallXLogFileSegment() fails a disk
file access like link() and rename(). Previously it was always logged with
LOG level and additionally needed to be logged with ERROR when we wanted
to treat it as an error.
Michael Paquier
HotStandbyActiveInReplay, introduced in 061b079f, only allowed WAL
replay to happen in the startup process, missing the single user case.
This buglet is fairly harmless as it only causes problems when single
user mode in an assertion enabled build is used to replay a btree vacuum
record.
Backpatch to 9.2. 061b079f was backpatched further, but the assertion
was not.
Recent commits, mainly b69bf30b9b and
53bb309d2d, introduced mechanisms to
protect against wraparound of the MultiXact member space: the number
of multixacts that can exist at one time is limited to 2^32, but the
total number of members in those multixacts is also limited to 2^32,
and older code did not take care to enforce the second limit,
potentially allowing old data to be overwritten while it was still
needed.
Unfortunately, these new mechanisms failed to account for the fact
that the code paths in which they run might be executed during
recovery or while the cluster was in an inconsistent state. Also,
they failed to account for the fact that users who used pg_upgrade
to upgrade a PostgreSQL version between 9.3.0 and 9.3.4 might have
might oldestMultiXid = 1 in the control file despite the true value
being larger.
To fix these problems, first, avoid unnecessarily examining the
mmembers of MultiXacts when the cluster is not known to be consistent.
TruncateMultiXact has done this for a long time, and this patch does
not fix that. But the new calls used to prevent member wraparound
are not needed until we reach normal running, so avoid calling them
earlier. (SetMultiXactIdLimit is actually called before InRecovery
is set, so we can't rely on that; we invent our own multixact-specific
flag instead.)
Second, make failure to look up the members of a MultiXact a non-fatal
error. Instead, if we're unable to determine the member offset at
which wraparound would occur, postpone arming the member wraparound
defenses until we are able to do so. If we're unable to determine the
member offset that should force autovacuum, force it continuously
until we are able to do so. If we're unable to deterine the member
offset at which we should truncate the members SLRU, log a message and
skip truncation.
An important consequence of these changes is that anyone who does have
a bogus oldestMultiXid = 1 value in pg_control will experience
immediate emergency autovacuuming when upgrading to a release that
contains this fix. The release notes should highlight this fact. If
a user has no pg_multixact/offsets/0000 file, but has oldestMultiXid = 1
in the control file, they may wish to vacuum any tables with
relminmxid = 1 prior to upgrading in order to avoid an immediate
emergency autovacuum after the upgrade. This must be done with a
PostgreSQL version 9.3.5 or newer and with vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age
and vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age set to 0.
This patch also adds an additional log message at each database server
startup, indicating either that protections against member wraparound
have been engaged, or that they have not. In the latter case, once
autovacuum has advanced oldestMultiXid to a sane value, the message
indicating that the guards have been engaged will appear at the next
checkpoint. A few additional messages have also been added at the DEBUG1
level so that the correct operation of this code can be properly audited.
Along the way, this patch fixes another, related bug in TruncateMultiXact
that has existed since PostgreSQL 9.3.0: when no MultiXacts exist at
all, the truncation code looks up NextMultiXactId, which doesn't exist
yet. This can lead to TruncateMultiXact removing every file in
pg_multixact/offsets instead of keeping one around, as it should.
This in turn will cause the database server to refuse to start
afterwards.
Patch by me. Review by Álvaro Herrera, Andres Freund, Noah Misch, and
Thomas Munro.
Commit 2ce439f337 introduced a rather serious
regression, namely that if its scan of the data directory came across any
un-fsync-able files, it would fail and thereby prevent database startup.
Worse yet, symlinks to such files also caused the problem, which meant that
crash restart was guaranteed to fail on certain common installations such
as older Debian.
After discussion, we agreed that (1) failure to start is worse than any
consequence of not fsync'ing is likely to be, therefore treat all errors
in this code as nonfatal; (2) we should not chase symlinks other than
those that are expected to exist, namely pg_xlog/ and tablespace links
under pg_tblspc/. The latter restriction avoids possibly fsync'ing a
much larger part of the filesystem than intended, if the user has left
random symlinks hanging about in the data directory.
This commit takes care of that and also does some code beautification,
mainly moving the relevant code into fd.c, which seems a much better place
for it than xlog.c, and making sure that the conditional compilation for
the pre_sync_fname pass has something to do with whether pg_flush_data
works.
I also relocated the call site in xlog.c down a few lines; it seems a
bit silly to be doing this before ValidateXLOGDirectoryStructure().
The similar logic in initdb.c ought to be made to match this, but that
change is noncritical and will be dealt with separately.
Back-patch to all active branches, like the prior commit.
Abhijit Menon-Sen and Tom Lane
Typo in commit 7cbee7c0a. No practical effect since the buffer should
never actually be overrun, but various compilers and static analyzers will
whine about it.
Petr Jelinek
With commit de768844, a copy of the partial segment was archived with the
.partial suffix, but the original file was still left in pg_xlog, so it
didn't actually solve the problems with archiving the partial segment that
it was supposed to solve. With this patch, the partial segment is renamed
rather than copied, so we only archive it with the .partial suffix.
Also be more robust in detecting if the last segment is already being
archived. Previously I used XLogArchiveIsBusy() for that, but that's not
quite right. With archive_mode='always', there might be a .ready file for
it, and we don't want to rename it to .partial in that case.
The old segment is needed until we're fully committed to the new timeline,
i.e. until we've written the end-of-recovery WAL record and updated the
min recovery point and timeline in the control file. So move the renaming
later in the startup sequence, after all that's been done.
Previously even if recovery_target_action was set to pause and
the recovery target was reached, the recovery could never be paused.
Because the setting of pause was *always* overridden with that of
shutdown unexpectedly. This override is valid and intentional
if hot_standby is not enabled because there is no way to resume
the paused recovery in this case and the setting of pause is
completely useless. But not if hot_standby is enabled.
This patch changes the code so that the setting of pause is overridden
with that of shutdown only when hot_standby is not enabled.
Bug reported by Andres Freund
Use "a" and "an" correctly, mostly in comments. Two error messages were
also fixed (they were just elogs, so no translation work required). Two
function comments in pg_proc.h were also fixed. Etsuro Fujita reported one
of these, but I found a lot more with grep.
Also fix a few other typos spotted while grepping for the a/an typos.
For example, "consists out of ..." -> "consists of ...". Plus a "though"/
"through" mixup reported by Euler Taveira.
Many of these typos were in old code, which would be nice to backpatch to
make future backpatching easier. But much of the code was new, and I didn't
feel like crafting separate patches for each branch. So no backpatching.
Robert Haas
Alvaro Herrera
Peter Eisentraut
Andres Freund
Fujii Masao
Heikki Linnakangas
Tom Lane
Bruce Momjian
Simon Riggs
Magnus Hagander