It's not broken because the header file is included via other headers,
but for better style we should be more explicit.
Reported-by: mthrockmorton@hme.com
Patch by Jesper Pedersen and Ashutosh Sharma, with some error handling
improvements by me. Tests from Peter Eisentraut. Reviewed by Álvaro
Herrera, Michael Paquier, Jesper Pedersen, Jeff Janes, Peter
Eisentraut, Amit Kapila, Mithun Cy, and me.
Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/e2ac6c58-b93f-9dd9-f4e6-d6d30add7fdf@redhat.com
Doing so doesn't seem to be within the purpose of the per user
connection limits, and has particularly unfortunate effects in
conjunction with parallel queries.
Backpatch to 9.6 where parallel queries were introduced.
David Rowley, reviewed by Robert Haas and Albe Laurenz.
This commit improves on the results of commit 511ae628f in two ways:
1. It restores the historical behavior that "\set FOO" is interpreted
as setting FOO to "on", if FOO is a boolean control variable. We
already found one test script that was expecting that behavior, and
the psql documentation certainly does nothing to discourage people
from assuming that would work, since it often says just "if FOO is set"
when describing the effects of a boolean variable. However, now this
case will result in actually setting FOO to "on", not an empty string.
2. It arranges for an "\unset" of a control variable to set the value
back to its default value, rather than becoming apparently undefined.
The control variables are also initialized that way at psql startup.
In combination, these things guarantee that a control variable always
has a displayable value that reflects what psql is actually doing.
That is a pretty substantial usability improvement.
The implementation involves adding a second type of variable hook function
that is able to replace a proposed new value (including NULL) with another
one. We could alternatively have complicated the API of the assign hook,
but this way seems better since many variables can share the same
substitution hook function.
Also document the actual behavior of these variables more fully,
including covering assorted behaviors that were there before but
never documented.
This patch also includes some minor cleanup that should have been in
511ae628f but was missed.
Patch by me, but it owes a lot to discussions with Daniel Vérité.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/9572.1485821620@sss.pgh.pa.us
This view is designed along the same lines as pg_file_settings, to wit
it shows what is currently in the file, not what the postmaster has
loaded as the active settings. That allows it to be used to pre-vet
edits before issuing SIGHUP. As with the earlier view, go out of our
way to allow errors in the file to be reflected in the view, to assist
that use-case.
(We might at some point invent a view to show the current active settings,
but this is not that patch; and it's not trivial to do.)
Haribabu Kommi, reviewed by Ashutosh Bapat, Michael Paquier, Simon Riggs,
and myself
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAJrrPGerH4jiwpcXT1-46QXUDmNp2QDrG9+-Tek_xC8APHShYw@mail.gmail.com
Previously, if the user set a special variable such as ECHO to an
unrecognized value, psql would bleat but store the new value anyway, and
then fall back to a default setting for the behavior controlled by the
variable. This was agreed to be a not particularly good idea. With
this patch, invalid values result in an error message and no change in
state.
(But this applies only to variables that affect psql's behavior; purely
informational variables such as ENCODING can still be set to random
values.)
To do this, modify the API for psql's assign-hook functions so that they
can return an OK/not OK result, and give them the responsibility for
printing error messages when they reject a value. Adjust the APIs for
ParseVariableBool and ParseVariableNum to support the new behavior
conveniently.
In passing, document the variable VERSION, which had somehow escaped that.
And improve the quite-inadequate commenting in psql/variables.c.
Daniel Vérité, reviewed by Rahila Syed, some further tweaking by me
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/7356e741-fa59-4146-a8eb-cf95fd6b21fb@mm
Previously, type "unknown" was labeled as a base type in pg_type, which
perhaps had some sense to it because you were allowed to create tables with
unknown-type columns. But now that we don't allow that, it makes more
sense to label it a pseudo-type. This has the additional effects of
forbidding use of "unknown" as a domain base type, cast source or target
type, PL function argument or result type, or plpgsql local variable type;
all of which seem like good holes to plug.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2L28uwwbL9HUM-WR=hromW1Cvamkn7O-g8fPY2m=_7muJ0oA@mail.gmail.com
Previously, we left such literals alone if the query or subquery had
no properties forcing a type decision to be made (such as an ORDER BY or
DISTINCT clause using that output column). This meant that "unknown" could
be an exposed output column type, which has never been a great idea because
it could result in strange failures later on. For example, an outer query
that tried to do any operations on an unknown-type subquery output would
generally fail with some weird error like "failed to find conversion
function from unknown to text" or "could not determine which collation to
use for string comparison". Also, if the case occurred in a CREATE VIEW's
query then the view would have an unknown-type column, causing similar
failures in queries trying to use the view.
To fix, at the tail end of parse analysis of a query, forcibly convert any
remaining "unknown" literals in its SELECT or RETURNING list to type text.
However, provide a switch to suppress that, and use it in the cases of
SELECT inside a set operation or INSERT command. In those cases we already
had type resolution rules that make use of context information from outside
the subquery proper, and we don't want to change that behavior.
Also, change creation of an unknown-type column in a relation from a
warning to a hard error. The error should be unreachable now in CREATE
VIEW or CREATE MATVIEW, but it's still possible to explicitly say "unknown"
in CREATE TABLE or CREATE (composite) TYPE. We want to forbid that because
it's nothing but a foot-gun.
This change creates a pg_upgrade failure case: a matview that contains an
unknown-type column can't be pg_upgraded, because reparsing the matview's
defining query will now decide that the column is of type text, which
doesn't match the cstring-like storage that the old materialized column
would actually have. Add a checking pass to detect that. While at it,
we can detect tables or composite types that would fail, essentially
for free. Those would fail safely anyway later on, but we might as
well fail earlier.
This patch is by me, but it owes something to previous investigations
by Rahila Syed. Also thanks to Ashutosh Bapat and Michael Paquier for
review.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2L28uwwbL9HUM-WR=hromW1Cvamkn7O-g8fPY2m=_7muJ0oA@mail.gmail.com
Formerly an alternate password file could only be selected via the
environment variable PGPASSFILE; now it can also be selected via a
new connection parameter "passfile", corresponding to the conventions
for most other connection parameters. There was some concern about
this creating a security weakness, but it was agreed that that argument
was pretty thin, and there are clear use-cases for handling password
files this way.
Julian Markwort, reviewed by Fabien Coelho, some adjustments by me
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/a4b4f4f1-7b58-a0e8-5268-5f7db8e8ccaa@uni-muenster.de
This is useful infrastructure for an upcoming proposed patch to
allow the WAL segment size to be changed at initdb time; tools like
pg_basebackup need the ability to interrogate the server setting.
But it also doesn't seem like a bad thing to have independently of
that; it may find other uses in the future.
Robert Haas and Beena Emerson. (The original patch here was by
Beena, but I rewrote it to such a degree that most of the code
being committed here is mine.)
Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CA+TgmobNo4qz06wHEmy9DszAre3dYx-WNhHSCbU9SAwf+9Ft6g@mail.gmail.com
This patch doesn't actually make any index AM parallel-aware, but it
provides the necessary functions at the AM layer to do so.
Rahila Syed, Amit Kapila, Robert Haas
For some reason that is lost in history, a descending sequence would
default its minimum value to -2^63+1 (-PG_INT64_MAX) instead of
-2^63 (PG_INT64_MIN), even though explicitly specifying a minimum value
of -2^63 would work. Fix this inconsistency by using the full range by
default.
Reported-by: Daniel Verite <daniel@manitou-mail.org>
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael.paquier@gmail.com>
A pgbench meta command can now be continued onto additional line(s) of a
script file by writing backslash-return. The continuation marker is
equivalent to white space in that it separates tokens.
Eventually it'd be nice to have the same thing in psql, but that will
be a much larger project.
Fabien Coelho, reviewed by Rafia Sabih
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/alpine.DEB.2.20.1610031049310.19411@lancre
Correct a misstatement about how things used to work: we did allow nested
SRFs before, as long as no function had more than one set-returning input.
Also, attempt to document the fact that the new implementation changes the
behavior for SRFs within conditional constructs (eg CASE): the conditional
construct no longer gates whether the SRF is run, and thus cannot affect
the number of rows emitted. We might want to change this behavior, but
first it behooves us to see if we can explain it.
Minor other wordsmithing on what I wrote yesterday, too.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20170118214702.54b2mdbxce5piwv5@alap3.anarazel.de
Evaluation of set returning functions (SRFs_ in the targetlist (like SELECT
generate_series(1,5)) so far was done in the expression evaluation (i.e.
ExecEvalExpr()) and projection (i.e. ExecProject/ExecTargetList) code.
This meant that most executor nodes performing projection, and most
expression evaluation functions, had to deal with the possibility that an
evaluated expression could return a set of return values.
That's bad because it leads to repeated code in a lot of places. It also,
and that's my (Andres's) motivation, made it a lot harder to implement a
more efficient way of doing expression evaluation.
To fix this, introduce a new executor node (ProjectSet) that can evaluate
targetlists containing one or more SRFs. To avoid the complexity of the old
way of handling nested expressions returning sets (e.g. having to pass up
ExprDoneCond, and dealing with arguments to functions returning sets etc.),
those SRFs can only be at the top level of the node's targetlist. The
planner makes sure (via split_pathtarget_at_srfs()) that SRF evaluation is
only necessary in ProjectSet nodes and that SRFs are only present at the
top level of the node's targetlist. If there are nested SRFs the planner
creates multiple stacked ProjectSet nodes. The ProjectSet nodes always get
input from an underlying node.
We also discussed and prototyped evaluating targetlist SRFs using ROWS
FROM(), but that turned out to be more complicated than we'd hoped.
While moving SRF evaluation to ProjectSet would allow to retain the old
"least common multiple" behavior when multiple SRFs are present in one
targetlist (i.e. continue returning rows until all SRFs are at the end of
their input at the same time), we decided to instead only return rows till
all SRFs are exhausted, returning NULL for already exhausted ones. We
deemed the previous behavior to be too confusing, unexpected and actually
not particularly useful.
As a side effect, the previously prohibited case of multiple set returning
arguments to a function, is now allowed. Not because it's particularly
desirable, but because it ends up working and there seems to be no argument
for adding code to prohibit it.
Currently the behavior for COALESCE and CASE containing SRFs has changed,
returning multiple rows from the expression, even when the SRF containing
"arm" of the expression is not evaluated. That's because the SRFs are
evaluated in a separate ProjectSet node. As that's quite confusing, we're
likely to instead prohibit SRFs in those places. But that's still being
discussed, and the code would reside in places not touched here, so that's
a task for later.
There's a lot of, now superfluous, code dealing with set return expressions
around. But as the changes to get rid of those are verbose largely boring,
it seems better for readability to keep the cleanup as a separate commit.
Author: Tom Lane and Andres Freund
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20160822214023.aaxz5l4igypowyri@alap3.anarazel.de
This makes it possible to delete multiple keys from a jsonb value by
passing in an array of text values, which makes the operaiton much
faster than individually deleting the keys (which would require copying
the jsonb structure over and over again.
Reviewed by Dmitry Dolgov and Michael Paquier
Move this logic out of initdb into a user-callable function. This
simplifies the code and makes it possible to update the standard
collations later on if additional operating system collations appear.
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Reviewed-by: Euler Taveira <euler@timbira.com.br>
Temporary replication slots will be used by default when wal streaming
is used and no slot name is specified with -S. If a slot name is
specified, then a permanent slot with that name is used. If --no-slot is
specified, then no permanent or temporary slot will be used.
Temporary slots are only used on 10.0 and newer, of course.
This changes the default values of the following parameters:
wal_level = replica
max_wal_senders = 10
max_replication_slots = 10
in order to make it possible to make a backup and set up simple
replication on the default settings, without requiring a system restart.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CABUevEy4PR_EAvZEzsbF5s+V0eEvw7shJ2t-AUwbHOjT+yRb3A@mail.gmail.com
Reviewed by Peter Eisentraut. Benchmark help from Tomas Vondra.
The different actions in pg_ctl had different defaults for -w and -W,
mostly for historical reasons. Most users will want the -w behavior, so
make that the default.
Remove the -w option in most example and test code, so avoid confusion
and reduce verbosity. pg_upgrade is not touched, so it can continue to
work with older installations.
Reviewed-by: Beena Emerson <memissemerson@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Ryan Murphy <ryanfmurphy@gmail.com>
Various example and test code used -m fast explicitly, but since it's
the default, this can be omitted now or should be replaced by a better
example.
pg_upgrade is not touched, so it can continue to operate with older
installations.
The previous --path documentation and --help output were wrong in both
its meaning and the defaults.
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier
Backpatch-through: 9.6
Be more clear that we represent timestamps in microseconds when
integer timestamps are used, and in fractional seconds when
floating-point timestamps are used.
Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/20161212135045.GB15488@e733.localdomain
Report by Alexander Alekseev. Wording by me with a suggestion
from Tom Lane.
Allow pg_recvlogical to specify an ending LSN, complementing
the existing -—startpos=LSN option.
Craig Ringer, reviewed by Euler Taveira and Naoki Okano
Leave OpenSSL's default passphrase collection callback in place during
the first call of secure_initialize() in server startup. Although that
doesn't work terribly well in daemon contexts, some people feel we should
not break it for anyone who was successfully using it before. We still
block passphrase demands during SIGHUP, meaning that you can't adjust SSL
configuration on-the-fly if you used a passphrase, but this is no worse
than what it was before commit de41869b6. And we block passphrase demands
during EXEC_BACKEND reloads; that behavior wasn't useful either, but at
least now it's documented.
Tweak some related log messages for more readability, and avoid issuing
essentially duplicate messages about reload failure caused by a passphrase.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/29982.1483412575@sss.pgh.pa.us
Since streaming is now supported for all output formats, make this the
default as this is what most people want.
To get the old behavior, the parameter -X none can be specified to turn
it off.
This also removes the parameter -x for fetch, now requiring -X fetch to
be specified to use that.
Reviewed by Vladimir Rusinov, Michael Paquier and Simon Riggs
OpenSSL's default behavior when loading a passphrase-protected key file
is to open /dev/tty and demand the password from there. It was kinda
sorta okay to allow that to happen at server start, but really that was
never workable in standard daemon environments. And it was a complete
fail on Windows, where the same thing would happen at every backend launch.
Yesterday's commit de41869b6 put the final nail in the coffin by causing
that to happen at every SIGHUP; even if you've still got a terminal acting
as the server's TTY, having the postmaster freeze until you enter the
passphrase again isn't acceptable.
Hence, override the default behavior with a callback that returns an empty
string, ensuring failure. Change the documentation to say that you can't
have a passphrase-protected server key, period.
If we can think of a production-grade way of collecting a passphrase from
somewhere, we might do that once at server startup and use this callback
to feed it to OpenSSL, but it's far from clear that anyone cares enough
to invest that much work in the feature. The lack of complaints about
the existing fractionally-baked behavior suggests nobody's using it anyway.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/29982.1483412575@sss.pgh.pa.us
That was written when we still had "crypt" authentication, and it was
referring to the fact that an older client might support "crypt"
authentication but not "md5". But we haven't supported "crypt" for years.
(As soon as we add a new authentication mechanism that doesn't work with
MD5 hashes, we'll need a similar notice again. But this text as it's worded
now is just wrong.)
Backpatch to all supported versions.
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/9a7263eb-0980-2072-4424-440bb2513dc7@iki.fi
It is no longer necessary to restart the server to enable, disable,
or reconfigure SSL. Instead, we just create a new SSL_CTX struct
(by re-reading all relevant files) whenever we get SIGHUP. Testing
shows that this is fast enough that it shouldn't be a problem.
In conjunction with that, downgrade the logic that complains about
pg_hba.conf "hostssl" lines when SSL isn't active: now that's just
a warning condition not an error.
An issue that still needs to be addressed is what shall we do with
passphrase-protected server keys? As this stands, the server would
demand the passphrase again on every SIGHUP, which is certainly
impractical. But the case was only barely supported before, so that
does not seem a sufficient reason to hold up committing this patch.
Andreas Karlsson, reviewed by Michael Banck and Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/556A6E8A.9030400@proxel.se
For aggregated logging, pg_bench supposed that printing the integer part of
INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE() would produce a Unix timestamp. That was already
broken on Windows, and it's about to get broken on most other platforms as
well. As in commit 74baa1e3b, we can remove the entanglement at the price
of one extra syscall per transaction; though here it seems more convenient
to use time(NULL) instead of gettimeofday(), since we only need
integral-second precision.
I took the time to do some wordsmithing on the documentation about
pgbench's logging features, too.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/8837.1483216839@sss.pgh.pa.us
In addition to space accounted for by tuple_len, dead_tuple_len and
free_space, the table_len includes page overhead, the item pointers
table and padding bytes.
Backpatch to live branches.
We had an index entry for "median" attached to the percentile_cont function
entry, which was pretty useless because a person following the link would
never realize that that function was the one they were being hinted to use.
Instead, make the index entry point at the example in syntax-aggregates,
and add a <seealso> link to "percentile".
Also, since that example explicitly claims to be calculating the median,
make it use percentile_cont not percentile_disc. This makes no difference
in terms of the larger goals of that section, but so far as I can find,
nearly everyone thinks that "median" means the continuous not discrete
calculation.
Per gripe from Steven Winfield. Back-patch to 9.4 where we introduced
percentile_cont.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20161223102056.25614.1166@wrigleys.postgresql.org
I got a little annoyed by reading documentation paragraphs containing
both spellings within a few lines of each other. My dictionary says
"descendant" is the preferred spelling, and it's certainly the majority
usage in our tree, so standardize on that.
For one usage in parallel.sgml, I thought it better to rewrite to avoid
the term altogether.
Documentation for pg_restore said COPY TO does not support row security
when in fact it should say COPY FROM. Fix that.
While at it, make it clear that "COPY FROM" does not allow RLS to be
enabled and INSERT should be used instead. Also that SELECT policies
will apply to COPY TO statements.
Back-patch to 9.5 where RLS first appeared.
Author: Joe Conway
Reviewed-By: Dean Rasheed and Robert Haas
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/5744FA24.3030008%40joeconway.com