This makes superuser-issued REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW safe regardless of
the object's provenance. REINDEX is an earlier example of this pattern.
As a downside, functions called from materialized views must tolerate
running in a security-restricted operation. CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
need not change user ID. Nonetheless, avoid creation of materialized
views that will invariably fail REFRESH by making it, too, start a
security-restricted operation.
Back-patch to 9.3 so materialized views have this from the beginning.
Reviewed by Kevin Grittner.
Previously, pg_upgrade docs recommended using .pgpass if using MD5
authentication to avoid being prompted for a password. Turns out pg_ctl
never prompts for a password, so MD5 requires .pgpass --- document that.
Also recommend 'peer' for authentication too.
Backpatch back to 9.1.
The old implementation converted PostgreSQL numeric to Python float,
which was always considered a shortcoming. Now numeric is converted to
the Python Decimal object. Either the external cdecimal module or the
standard library decimal module are supported.
From: Szymon Guz <mabewlun@gmail.com>
From: Ronan Dunklau <rdunklau@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Steve Singer <steve@ssinger.info>
This value, now pg_stat_all_tables.n_mod_since_analyze, was already
tracked and used by autovacuum, but not exposed to the user.
Mark Kirkwood, review by Laurenz Albe
In 9.3, there's no particular limit on the number of bgworkers;
instead, we just count up the number that are actually registered,
and use that to set MaxBackends. However, that approach causes
problems for Hot Standby, which needs both MaxBackends and the
size of the lock table to be the same on the standby as on the
master, yet it may not be desirable to run the same bgworkers in
both places. 9.3 handles that by failing to notice the problem,
which will probably work fine in nearly all cases anyway, but is
not theoretically sound.
A further problem with simply counting the number of registered
workers is that new workers can't be registered without a
postmaster restart. This is inconvenient for administrators,
since bouncing the postmaster causes an interruption of service.
Moreover, there are a number of applications for background
processes where, by necessity, the background process must be
started on the fly (e.g. parallel query). While this patch
doesn't actually make it possible to register new background
workers after startup time, it's a necessary prerequisite.
Patch by me. Review by Michael Paquier.
Treat TOAST index just the same as normal one and get the OID
of TOAST index from pg_index but not pg_class.reltoastidxid.
This change allows us to handle multiple TOAST indexes, and
which is required infrastructure for upcoming
REINDEX CONCURRENTLY feature.
Patch by Michael Paquier, reviewed by Andres Freund and me.
Specifically, permit attaching them to the error in RAISE and retrieving
them from a caught error in GET STACKED DIAGNOSTICS. RAISE enforces
nothing about the content of the fields; for its purposes, they are just
additional string fields. Consequently, clarify in the protocol and
libpq documentation that the usual relationships between error fields,
like a schema name appearing wherever a table name appears, are not
universal. This freedom has other applications; consider a FDW
propagating an error from an RDBMS having no schema support.
Back-patch to 9.3, where core support for the error fields was
introduced. This prevents the confusion of having a release where libpq
exposes the fields and PL/pgSQL does not.
Pavel Stehule, lexical revisions by Noah Misch.
Make it easier for readers of the FP docs to find out about possibly
truncated values.
Per complaint from Tom Duffey in message
F0E0F874-C86F-48D1-AA2A-0C5365BF5118@trillitech.com
Author: Albe Laurenz
Reviewed by: Abhijit Menon-Sen
SnapshotNow scans have the undesirable property that, in the face of
concurrent updates, the scan can fail to see either the old or the new
versions of the row. In many cases, we work around this by requiring
DDL operations to hold AccessExclusiveLock on the object being
modified; in some cases, the existing locking is inadequate and random
failures occur as a result. This commit doesn't change anything
related to locking, but will hopefully pave the way to allowing lock
strength reductions in the future.
The major issue has held us back from making this change in the past
is that taking an MVCC snapshot is significantly more expensive than
using a static special snapshot such as SnapshotNow. However, testing
of various worst-case scenarios reveals that this problem is not
severe except under fairly extreme workloads. To mitigate those
problems, we avoid retaking the MVCC snapshot for each new scan;
instead, we take a new snapshot only when invalidation messages have
been processed. The catcache machinery already requires that
invalidation messages be sent before releasing the related heavyweight
lock; else other backends might rely on locally-cached data rather
than scanning the catalog at all. Thus, making snapshot reuse
dependent on the same guarantees shouldn't break anything that wasn't
already subtly broken.
Patch by me. Review by Michael Paquier and Andres Freund.
On Unix, you can embed double-quotes in single-quotes, and via versa.
However, on Windows, you can only escape double-quotes in double-quotes,
so use that in the pg_dump -t/table example.
Backpatch to 9.3.
Report from Mike Toews
Add ability for to_char() to output the timezone's UTC offset (OF). We
already have the ability to return the timezone abbeviation (TZ/tz).
Per request from Andrew Dunstan
Previous code had old/new prefixes on option values, e.g.
--old-datadir=OLDDATADIR. Remove them, for simplicity; now:
--old-datadir=DATADIR. Also update docs to do the same.
On immediate shutdown, or during a restart-after-crash sequence,
postmaster used to send SIGQUIT (and then abandon ship if shutdown); but
this is not a good strategy if backends don't die because of that
signal. (This might happen, for example, if a backend gets tangled
trying to malloc() due to gettext(), as in an example illustrated by
MauMau.) This causes problems when later trying to restart the server,
because some processes are still attached to the shared memory segment.
Instead of just abandoning such backends to their fates, we now have
postmaster hang around for a little while longer, send a SIGKILL after
some reasonable waiting period, and then exit. This makes immediate
shutdown more reliable.
There is disagreement on whether it's best for postmaster to exit after
sending SIGKILL, or to stick around until all children have reported
death. If this controversy is resolved differently than what this patch
implements, it's an easy change to make.
Bug reported by MauMau in message 20DAEA8949EC4E2289C6E8E58560DEC0@maumau
MauMau and Álvaro Herrera
Change -u (user) option to -U, for consistency with other tools like
pg_dump and psql. Also expand --user to --username, again for
consistency.
BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY
Adjust the wording in the first para of "Sequence Manipulation Functions"
so that neither of the link phrases in it break across line boundaries,
in either A4- or US-page-size PDF output. This fixes a reported build
failure for the 9.3beta2 A4 PDF docs, and future-proofs this particular
para against causing similar problems in future. (Perhaps somebody will
fix this issue in the SGML/TeX documentation tool chain someday, but I'm
not holding my breath.)
Back-patch to all supported branches, since the same problem could rise up
to bite us in future updates if anyone changes anything earlier than this
in func.sgml.
If there is no <date> element, the publication date for the EPUB
manifest is taken from the copyright year. But something like
"1996-2013" is not a legal date specification. So the EPUB output
currently fails epubcheck.
Put in a separate <date> element with the current year. Put it in
legal.sgml, because copyright.pl already instructs to update that
manually, so it hopefully won't be missed.
Most of the documentation uses "single-user mode", so use that in the
code as well. Adjust the documentation to match the new error message
wording. Also add a documentation index entry for "single-user mode".
Based-on-patch-by: Jeff Janes <jeff.janes@gmail.com>
ALTER TABLE .. VALIDATE CONSTRAINT previously
gave incorrect details about lock levels and
therefore incomplete reasons to use the option.
Initial bug report and fix from Marko Tiikkaja
Reworded by me to include comments by Kevin Grittner
Extend the FDW API (which we already changed for 9.3) so that an FDW can
report whether specific foreign tables are insertable/updatable/deletable.
The default assumption continues to be that they're updatable if the
relevant executor callback function is supplied by the FDW, but finer
granularity is now possible. As a test case, add an "updatable" option to
contrib/postgres_fdw.
This patch also fixes the information_schema views, which previously did
not think that foreign tables were ever updatable, and fixes
view_is_auto_updatable() so that a view on a foreign table can be
auto-updatable.
initdb forced due to changes in information_schema views and the functions
they rely on. This is a bit unfortunate to do post-beta1, but if we don't
change this now then we'll have another API break for FDWs when we do
change it.
Dean Rasheed, somewhat editorialized on by Tom Lane
Per discussion on -hackers. We treat Unicode escapes when unescaping
them similarly to the way we treat them in PostgreSQL string literals.
Escapes in the ASCII range are always accepted, no matter what the
database encoding. Escapes for higher code points are only processed in
UTF8 databases, and attempts to process them in other databases will
result in an error. \u0000 is never unescaped, since it would result in
an impermissible null byte.
Per discussion, this restriction isn't needed for any real security reason,
and it seems to confuse people more often than it helps them. It could
also result in some database states being unrestorable. So just drop it.
Back-patch to 9.0, where ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES was introduced.
In 9.2, Unicode escape sequences are not analysed at all other than
to make sure that they are in the form \uXXXX. But in 9.3 many of the
new operators and functions try to turn JSON text values into text in
the server encoding, and this includes de-escaping Unicode escape
sequences. This processing had not taken into account the possibility
that this might contain a surrogate pair to designate a character
outside the BMP. That is now handled correctly.
This also enforces correct use of surrogate pairs, something that is not
done by the type's input routines. This fact is noted in the docs.
Although the DTD technically allows this, the resulting HTML is invalid
because it puts block elements inside inline elements. DocBook 5.0 also
doesn't allow it anymore, so it's fair to assume that this was never
really intended to work. Replace <synopsis> with <literal>, which is
the markup used elsewhere in the documentation in similar cases.
The documentation for ALTER TYPE .. RENAME claimed to support a
RESTRICT/CASCADE option at the 'type' level, which wasn't implemented
and doesn't make a whole lot of sense to begin with. What is supported,
and previously undocumented, is
ALTER TYPE .. RENAME ATTRIBUTE .. RESTRICT/CASCADE.
I've updated the documentation and back-patched this to 9.1 where it was
first introduced.
The 9.2 patch that added argument name support in SQL-language functions
missed updating a parenthetical comment about that in the CREATE FUNCTION
reference page. Noted by Erwin Brandstetter.
If a standby server has a cascading standby server connected to it, it's
possible that WAL has already been sent up to the next WAL page boundary,
splitting a WAL record in the middle, when the first standby server is
promoted. Don't throw an assertion failure or error in walsender if that
happens.
Also, fix a variant of the same bug in pg_receivexlog: if it had already
received WAL on previous timeline up to a segment boundary, when the
upstream standby server is promoted so that the timeline switch record falls
on the previous segment, pg_receivexlog would miss the segment containing
the timeline switch. To fix that, have walsender send the position of the
timeline switch at end-of-streaming, in addition to the next timeline's ID.
It was previously assumed that the switch happened exactly where the
streaming stopped.
Note: this is an incompatible change in the streaming protocol. You might
get an error if you try to stream over timeline switches, if the client is
running 9.3beta1 and the server is more recent. It should be fine after a
reconnect, however.
Reported by Fujii Masao.
What we have implemented is a radix tree (or a radix trie or a patricia
trie), but the docs and code comments incorrectly called it a "suffix tree".
Alexander Korotkov
It is surprisingly common mistake to leave out backup_label file from a base
backup. Say more explicitly that it must be included.
Jeff Janes, with minor rewording by me.
Previously this state was represented by whether the view's disk file had
zero or nonzero size, which is problematic for numerous reasons, since it's
breaking a fundamental assumption about heap storage. This was done to
allow unlogged matviews to revert to unpopulated status after a crash
despite our lack of any ability to update catalog entries post-crash.
However, this poses enough risk of future problems that it seems better to
not support unlogged matviews until we can find another way. Accordingly,
revert that choice as well as a number of existing kluges forced by it
in favor of creating a pg_class.relispopulated flag column.
The initial implementation of this feature was really unsupportable,
because it's relying on the physical size of an on-disk file to carry the
relation's populated/unpopulated state, which is at least a modularity
violation and could have serious long-term consequences. We could say that
an unlogged matview goes to empty on crash, but not everybody likes that
definition, so let's just remove the feature for 9.3. We can add it back
when we have a less klugy implementation.
I left the grammar and tab-completion support for CREATE UNLOGGED
MATERIALIZED VIEW in place, since it's harmless and allows delivering a
more specific error message about the unsupported feature.
I'm committing this separately to ease identification of what should be
reverted when/if we are able to re-enable the feature.
Restore 4-byte designation for docs. Fix 9.3 doc query to properly pad
to four digits.
Backpatch to all active branches
Per suggestions from Ian Lawrence Barwick
Noah Misch
Bruce Momjian
Peter Eisentraut
Alvaro Herrera
Magnus Hagander
Robert Haas
Fujii Masao
Simon Riggs
Michael Meskes
Tom Lane
Heikki Linnakangas
Andrew Dunstan
Tatsuo Ishii
Kevin Grittner
Stephen Frost