page when it's read in, per pghackers discussion around 17-Feb. Add a
GUC variable zero_damaged_pages that causes the response to be a WARNING
followed by zeroing the page, rather than the normal ERROR; this is per
Hiroshi's suggestion that there needs to be a way to get at the data
in the rest of the table.
(materialization into a tuple store) discussed on pgsql-hackers earlier.
I've updated the documentation and the regression tests.
Notes on the implementation:
- I needed to change the tuple store API slightly -- it assumes that it
won't be used to hold data across transaction boundaries, so the temp
files that it uses for on-disk storage are automatically reclaimed at
end-of-transaction. I added a flag to tuplestore_begin_heap() to control
this behavior. Is changing the tuple store API in this fashion OK?
- in order to store executor results in a tuple store, I added a new
CommandDest. This works well for the most part, with one exception: the
current DestFunction API doesn't provide enough information to allow the
Executor to store results into an arbitrary tuple store (where the
particular tuple store to use is chosen by the call site of
ExecutorRun). To workaround this, I've temporarily hacked up a solution
that works, but is not ideal: since the receiveTuple DestFunction is
passed the portal name, we can use that to lookup the Portal data
structure for the cursor and then use that to get at the tuple store the
Portal is using. This unnecessarily ties the Portal code with the
tupleReceiver code, but it works...
The proper fix for this is probably to change the DestFunction API --
Tom suggested passing the full QueryDesc to the receiveTuple function.
In that case, callers of ExecutorRun could "subclass" QueryDesc to add
any additional fields that their particular CommandDest needed to get
access to. This approach would work, but I'd like to think about it for
a little bit longer before deciding which route to go. In the mean time,
the code works fine, so I don't think a fix is urgent.
- (semi-related) I added a NO SCROLL keyword to DECLARE CURSOR, and
adjusted the behavior of SCROLL in accordance with the discussion on
-hackers.
- (unrelated) Cleaned up some SGML markup in sql.sgml, copy.sgml
Neil Conway
functions
* Document pg_conversion_is_visible() which was created in one of my
previous patches and didn't get documented for some reason
Christopher Kings-Lynne
them as arrays of the internal datatype. This requires treating the
stavalues columns as 'anyarray' rather than 'text[]', which is not 100%
kosher but seems to work fine for the purposes we need for pg_statistic.
Perhaps in the future 'anyarray' will be allowed more generally.
some of the algorithms for higher functions. I see about a factor of ten
speedup on the 'numeric' regression test, but it's unlikely that that test
is representative of real-world applications.
initdb forced due to change of on-disk representation for NUMERIC.
effectively used to mean a default value that could also be spelled
out explicitly. (ACLs behave that way, and useconfig/datconfig
do too IIRC.)
It's a bit of a hack, but it saves table space and backend code ---
without this convention the default would have to be inserted "manually"
since we have no mechanism to supply defaults when C code is forming a
new catalog tuple.
I'm inclined to leave the code alone. But Alvaro is right that it'd be
good to point out the 'infinity' option in the CREATE USER and ALTER
USER man pages. (Doc patch please?)
Alvaro Herrera
join is defined as:
from_item [ NATURAL ] join_type from_item
[ ON join_condition | USING ( join_column_list ) ]
However, if the join_type is an INNER or OUTER join, an ON, USING, or
NATURAL clause *must* be specified (it's not optional, as that segment
of the docs suggest).
I'm not exactly sure what the best way to fix this is, so I've attached
a patch adding a FIXME comment to the relevant section of the SGML. If
anyone has any ideas on the proper way to outline join syntax, please
speak up.
Neil Conway <neilc@samurai.com> || PGP Key ID: DB3C29FC
Add ALTER SEQUENCE to modify min/max/increment/cache/cycle values
Also updated create sequence docs to mention NO MINVALUE, & NO MAXVALUE.
New Files:
doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_sequence.sgml
src/test/regress/expected/sequence.out
src/test/regress/sql/sequence.sql
ALTER SEQUENCE is NOT transactional. It behaves similarly to setval().
It matches the proposed SQL200N spec, as well as Oracle in most ways --
Oracle lacks RESTART WITH for some strange reason.
--
Rod Taylor <rbt@rbt.ca>
Envrironment and Files section, explained exactly what -w
does)
This is a patch which allows pg_ctl to make an intelligent
guess as to the proper port when running 'psql -l' to
determine if the database has started up (the -w flag).
The environment variable PGPORT is used. If that is not found,
it checks if a specific port has been set inside the postgresql.conf
file. If it is has not, it uses the port that Postgres was
compiled with.
Greg Sabino Mullane greg@turnstep.com
> weird behavior across fork boundaries; (b) the additional memory space
> that has to be duplicated into child processes will cost something per
> child launch, even if the child never uses it. But these are only
> arguments that it might not *always* be a prudent thing to do, not that
> we shouldn't give the DBA the tool to do it if he wants. So fire away.
Here is a patch for the above, including a documentation update. It
creates a new GUC variable "preload_libraries", that accepts a list in
the form:
preload_libraries = '$libdir/mylib1:initfunc,$libdir/mylib2'
If ":initfunc" is omitted or not found, no initialization function is
executed, but the library is still preloaded. If "$libdir/mylib" isn't
found, the postmaster refuses to start.
In my testing with PL/R, it reduces the first call to a PL/R function
(after connecting) from almost 2 seconds, down to about 8 ms.
Joe Conway
< * Add GUC log_statement_duration to print statement and >= min duration
> * Add GUC log_statement_and_duration to print statement and >= min duration
utility statement (DeclareCursorStmt) with a SELECT query dangling from
it, rather than a SELECT query with a few unusual fields in it. Add
code to determine whether a planned query can safely be run backwards.
If DECLARE CURSOR specifies SCROLL, ensure that the plan can be run
backwards by adding a Materialize plan node if it can't. Without SCROLL,
you get an error if you try to fetch backwards from a cursor that can't
handle it. (There is still some discussion about what the exact
behavior should be, but this is necessary infrastructure in any case.)
Along the way, make EXPLAIN DECLARE CURSOR work.
> * Allow savepoints / nested transactions [transactions] (Bruce)
215d210
< o Add GUC parameter to control the maximum number of rewrite cycles
227,228c222
< o Allow parameters to be specified by name and type during
< definition
> o Allow parameters to be specified by name and type during definition
304,305d297
< * Overhaul bufmgr/lockmgr/transaction manager
< * Allow savepoints / nested transactions [transactions] (Bruce)
386,387c378,379
< * Add checkpoint_min_warning postgresql.conf option to warn about checkpoints
< that are too frequent
> * -Add checkpoint_min_warning postgresql.conf option to warn about checkpoints
> that are too frequent (Bruce)
390d381
< * Allow pg_xlog to be moved without symlinks
406c397
< * Precompile SQL functions to avoid overhead (Neil)
> * -Precompile SQL functions to avoid overhead (Neil)
Adjustable threshold is gone in favor of keeping track of total requested
page storage and doling out proportional fractions to each relation
(with a minimum amount per relation, and some quantization of the results
to avoid thrashing with small changes in page counts). Provide special-
case code for indexes so as not to waste space storing useless page
free space counts. Restructure internal data storage to be a flat array
instead of list-of-chunks; this may cost a little more work in data
copying when reorganizing, but allows binary search to be used during
lookup_fsm_page_entry().
now knows what to do upon hitting a dead page (in theory anyway, it's
untested...). Add a post-VACUUM-cleanup entry point for index AMs, to
provide a place for dead-page scavenging to happen.
Also, fix oversight that broke btpo_prev links in temporary indexes.
initdb forced due to additions in pg_am.
- more work from the SGML police
- some grammar improvements: rewriting a paragraph or two, replacing
contractions where (IMHO) appropriate
- fix missing utility commands in lock mode docs
- improve CLUSTER, REINDEX, SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION ref pages
Neil Conway
functions which limited the maximum date for a timestamp to AD 1465001.
The new limit is AD 5874897.
The files affected are:
doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml:
Documentation change due to patch. Included is a notice about
the reduced range when using an eight-byte integer for timestamps.
src/backend/utils/adt/datetime.c:
Replacement functions for j2date() and date2j() functions.
src/include/utils/datetime.h:
Corrected a bug with the limit on the earliest possible date,
Nov 23,-4713 has a Julian day count of -1. The earliest possible
date should be Nov 24, -4713 with a day count of 0.
src/test/regress/expected/horology-no-DST-before-1970.out:
src/test/regress/expected/horology-solaris-1947.out:
src/test/regress/expected/horology.out:
Copies of expected output for regression testing.
Note: Only horology.out has been physically tested. I do not have access
to a Solaris box and I don't know how to provoke the "pre-1970" test.
src/test/regress/sql/horology.sql:
Added some test cases to check extended range.
John Cochran
performance of min() and max() is slow when applied to the entire table,
and suggesting the simple workaround most experienced Pg users
eventually learn about (SELECT xyz ... ORDER BY xyz LIMIT 1).
Neil Conway
< * Prevent index uniqueness checks when UPDATE does not modifying column
> * Prevent index uniqueness checks when UPDATE does not modify the column
235c235
< o Make PL/PgSQL %TYPE schema-aware
> o -Make PL/PgSQL %TYPE schema-aware
< o Allow CLUSTER to cluster all tables (Alvaro Herrera)
> o -Allow CLUSTER to cluster all tables (Alvaro Herrera)
243c243
< * Allow pg_dump to dump a specific schema (Neil Conway)
> * -Allow pg_dump to dump a specific schema (Neil Conway)
398c398
< * Make IN/NOT IN have similar performance to EXISTS/NOT EXISTS (Tom)
> * -Make IN/NOT IN have similar performance to EXISTS/NOT EXISTS (Tom)
> o -Add ALTER TABLE tab SET WITHOUT OIDS (Rod)
> o -Allow CLUSTER to cluster all tables (Alvaro Herrera)
> * -Allow pg_dump to dump a specific schema (Neil Conway)
> * -Make IN/NOT IN have similar performance to EXISTS/NOT EXISTS (Tom)
> * Rod is Rod Taylor <pg@rbt.ca)>
< * Disallow DROP COLUMN on a column that is part of a multi-column index
> * Require DROP COLUMN CASCADE for a column that is part of a multi-column index
> > comma).
>
> OK. But the documentation implies there is a comma, so it should probably
> get chenged then.
Yes, it should. (attached)
[ Backpatched to 7.3.X too.]
Rod Taylor
takes two parameters, an OID x and an integer y, and returns "true" with
probability 1/y (the OID argument is ignored). This can be useful -- for
example, it can be used to select a random sampling of the rows in a
table (which is what the "random" regression test uses it for).
This patch removes that function, because it was old and messy. The old
function had the following problems:
- it was undocumented
- it was poorly named
- it was designed to workaround an optimizer bug that no longer exists
(the OID argument is to ensure that the optimizer won't optimize away
calls to the function; AFAIK marking the function as 'volatile' suffices
nowadays)
- it used a different random-number generation technique than the other
PSRNG-related functions in the backend do (it called random() like they
do, but it had its own logic for setting a set and deciding when to
reseed the RNG).
Ok, this patch removes oidrand(), oidsrand(), and userfntest(), and
improves the SGML docs a little bit (un-commenting the setseed()
documentation).
Neil Conway
On Wed, 2003-01-08 at 21:59, Christopher Kings-Lynne wrote:
> I agree. I want to remove OIDs from heaps of our tables when we go to 7.3.
> I'd rather not have to do it in the dump due to down time.
Rod Taylor <rbt@rbt.ca>
> I don't care what you use for short options if all useful ones are taken.
> But the long option should be --schema.
Ok, fair enough: a revised patch is attached that uses the '-n' short
option and the '--schema' long option.
Neil Conway
rid of the assumption that sizeof(Oid)==sizeof(int). This is one small
step towards someday supporting 8-byte OIDs. For the moment, it doesn't
do much except get rid of a lot of unsightly casts.
expression accepted by the regex operators, per discussion yesterday.
Along the way, reduce deadlock_timeout from PGC_POSTMASTER to PGC_SIGHUP
category. It is probably best to insist that all backends share the same
setting, but that doesn't mean it has to be frozen at startup.
(extracted from Tcl 8.4.1 release, as Henry still hasn't got round to
making it a separate library). This solves a performance problem for
multibyte, as well as upgrading our regexp support to match recent Tcl
and nearly match recent Perl.
restriction was debatable to begin with, but it has now become obvious
that it breaks forward-porting of user-defined types; contrib/lo being
the most salient example.
for type 'time without time zone', as we already did for type
'timestamp without time zone'. This patch was proposed by Tom Lockhart
on 7-Nov-02, but he never got around to applying it. Adjust regression
tests and documentation to match.
value of MAX_TIME_PRECISION in floating-point-timestamp-storage case
from 13 to 10, which is as much as time_out is actually willing to print.
(The alternative of increasing the number of digits we are willing to
print looks risky; we might find ourselves printing roundoff garbage.)
passed to join selectivity estimators. Make use of this in eqjoinsel
to derive non-bogus selectivity for IN clauses. Further tweaking of
cost estimation for IN.
initdb forced because of pg_proc.h changes.
necessarily following the JOIN syntax to develop the query plan. The old
behavior is still available by setting GUC variable JOIN_COLLAPSE_LIMIT
to 1. Also create a GUC variable FROM_COLLAPSE_LIMIT to control the
similar decision about when to collapse sub-SELECT lists into their parent
lists. (This behavior existed already, but the limit was always
GEQO_THRESHOLD/2; now it's separately adjustable.)
that's selecting into a RECORD variable returns zero rows, make it
assign an all-nulls row to the RECORD; this is consistent with what
happens when the SELECT INTO target is not a RECORD. In support of
this, tweak the SPI code so that a valid tuple descriptor is returned
even when a SPI select returns no rows.
There are two implementation techniques: the executor understands a new
JOIN_IN jointype, which emits at most one matching row per left-hand row,
or the result of the IN's sub-select can be fed through a DISTINCT filter
and then joined as an ordinary relation.
Along the way, some minor code cleanup in the optimizer; notably, break
out most of the jointree-rearrangement preprocessing in planner.c and
put it in a new file prep/prepjointree.c.
including:
- replacing all the appropriate usages of <citetitle>PostgreSQL
...</citetitle> with &cite-user;, &cite-admin;, and so on
- fix an omission in the EXECUTE documentation
- add some more text to the EXPLAIN documentation
- improve the PL/PgSQL RETURN NEXT documentation (more work to do here)
- minor markup fixes
Neil Conway
containing a volatile function), rather than only on 'Var = Var' clauses
as before. This makes it practical to do flatten_join_alias_vars at the
start of planning, which in turn eliminates a bunch of klugery inside the
planner to deal with alias vars. As a free side effect, we now detect
implied equality of non-Var expressions; for example in
SELECT ... WHERE a.x = b.y and b.y = 42
we will deduce a.x = 42 and use that as a restriction qual on a. Also,
we can remove the restriction introduced 12/5/02 to prevent pullup of
subqueries whose targetlists contain sublinks.
Still TODO: make statistical estimation routines in selfuncs.c and costsize.c
smarter about expressions that are more complex than plain Vars. The need
for this is considerably greater now that we have to be able to estimate
the suitability of merge and hash join techniques on such expressions.
costs for expression evaluation, not only per-tuple cost as before.
This extension is needed in order to deal realistically with hashed or
materialized sub-selects.
>
> I'd suggest that the runtime.sgml description explicitly say "values of
> at least a few thousand are recommended for production installations".
Neil Conway
required if a datatype is to be accepted by GROUP BY, DISTINCT, or
ORDER BY. This is documentation for code changes made pursuant to
pgsql-hackers discussion around 29-Nov-02.
beginning/end of cursor.
Have MOVE return 0/1 depending on cursor position.
Matches SQL spec.
Pass cursor counter from parser as a long rather than int.
Doc updates.
< * Bruce is Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>
< * Christopher is Christopher Kings-Lynne <chriskl@familyhealth.com.au>
< * D'Arcy is D'Arcy J.M. Cain <darcy@druid.net>
> * Bruce is Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us> of Software Research Assoc.
> * Christopher is Christopher Kings-Lynne <chriskl@familyhealth.com.au> of
> Family Health Network
> * D'Arcy is D'Arcy J.M. Cain <darcy@druid.net> of The Cain Gang Ltd.
460,461c461,462
< * Fernando Nasser <fnasser@redhat.com>
< * Gavin Sherry <swm@linuxworld.com.au>
> * Fernando Nasser <fnasser@redhat.com> of Red Hat
> * Gavin Sherry <swm@linuxworld.com.au> of Alcove Systems Engineering
464,466c465,467
< * Jan is Jan Wieck <wieck@sapserv.debis.de>
< * Liam is Liam Stewart <liams@redhat.com>
< * Marc is Marc Fournier <scrappy@hub.org>
> * Jan is Jan Wieck <JanWieck@Yahoo.com> of PeerDirect Corp.
> * Liam is Liam Stewart <liams@redhat.com> of Red Hat
> * Marc is Marc Fournier <scrappy@hub.org> of PostgreSQL, Inc.
468,469c469
< * Marko is Marko Kreen <marko@l-t.ee>
< * Michael is Michael Meskes <meskes@postgresql.org>
> * Michael is Michael Meskes <meskes@postgresql.org> of Credativ
472c472
< * Peter M is Peter T Mount <peter@retep.org.uk>
> * Peter M is Peter T Mount <peter@retep.org.uk> of Retep Software
474c474
< * Philip is Philip Warner <pjw@rhyme.com.au>
> * Philip is Philip Warner <pjw@rhyme.com.au> of Albatross Consulting Pty. Ltd.
477d476
< * Ryan is Ryan Bradetich <rbrad@hpb50023.boi.hp.com>
479,483c478,481
< * Tatsuo is Tatsuo Ishii <t-ishii@sra.co.jp>
< * Thomas is Thomas Lockhart <lockhart@fourpalms.org>
< * Tom is Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
< * TomH is Tom I Helbekkmo <tih@Hamartun.Priv.no>
< * Vadim is Vadim B. Mikheev <vadim4o@email.com>
> * Tatsuo is Tatsuo Ishii <t-ishii@sra.co.jp> of Software Research Assoc.
> * Thomas is Thomas Lockhart <lockhart@fourpalms.org> of Jet Propulsion Labratory
> * Tom is Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> of Red Hat
> * Vadim is Vadim B. Mikheev <vadim4o@email.com> of Sector Data
> I'm not objecting to improving the text. I am objecting to deleting it
> outright...
Ok, fair enough. I've attached a revised version of the patch -- let me
know you think it needs further improvements.
Neil Conway
>
> In pg.py the attributes of DB are defined as being the same as
> the attributes of the corresponding pgobject "db", using the following
...
> The problem is that the attributes of db (which are read only)
> are not static (they are actually function calls to PostgreSQL),
> especially "status" and "error", but those attributes are copied
> and this is done only once when initializing the DB object.
>
> So, in effect, only the attribute "db.error" of a DB instance
> will be updated, but not the attribute "error". Same with "status".
> Don't copy the (read only) attributes of the pgobject to the
> DB object, but only the methods, and all of them, like this:
>
> --------------- change in pg.py ------------------
> # Create convience methods, in a way that is still overridable.
> for e in self.db.__methods__:
> setattr(self, e, getattr(self.db, e))
> ----------------------------------------------------
>
> Furthermore, make an addition to the documentation of the
> DB wrapper class (i.e. in pygresql-pg-db.html):
> After the sentence "All pgobject methods are included in this class also."
> add the following sentence "The pgobject read-only attributes can be
> accessed py adding the prefix 'db.' to them."
Christoph Zwerschke
* Add schema, cast, and conversion backslash commands to psql
I had to create a new publically available function,
pg_conversion_is_visible, as it seemed to be missing from the catalogs.
This required me to do no small amount of hacking around in namespace.c
I have updated the \? help and sgml docs.
\dc - list conversions [PATTERN]
\dC - list casts
\dn list schemas
I didn't support patterns with casts as there's nothing obvious to match
against.
Catalog version incremented --- initdb required.
Christopher Kings-Lynne
make VALUE a non-reserved word again, use less invasive method of passing
ConstraintTestValue into transformExpr, fix problems with nested constraint
testing, do correct thing with NULL result from a constraint expression,
remove memory leak. Domain checks still need much more work if we are going
to allow ALTER DOMAIN, however.
>
> * Wire Protocol Changes
> o Show transaction status in psql
> o Allow binding of query parameters, support for prepared queries
> o Add optional textual message to NOTIFY
> o Remove hard-coded limits on user/db/password names
> o Remove unused elements of startup packet (unused, tty, passlength)
> o Fix COPY/fastpath protocol?
> o Replication support?
> o Error codes
> o Dynamic character set handling
> o Special passing of binary values in platform-neutral format (bytea?)
> o ecpg improvements?
> o Add decoded type, length, precision
documentation and regression test mods. It seemed small and unobtrusive enough
to not require a specific proposal on the hackers list -- but if not, let me
know and I'll make a pitch. Otherwise, if there are no objections please apply.
Joe Conway
-hackers a couple days ago.
Notes/caveats:
- added regression tests for the new functionality, all
regression tests pass on my machine
- added pg_dump support
- updated PL/PgSQL to support per-statement triggers; didn't
look at the other procedural languages.
- there's (even) more code duplication in trigger.c than there
was previously. Any suggestions on how to refactor the
ExecXXXTriggers() functions to reuse more code would be
welcome -- I took a brief look at it, but couldn't see an
easy way to do it (there are several subtly-different
versions of the code in question)
- updated the documentation. I also took the liberty of
removing a big chunk of duplicated syntax documentation in
the Programmer's Guide on triggers, and moving that
information to the CREATE TRIGGER reference page.
- I also included some spelling fixes and similar small
cleanups I noticed while making the changes. If you'd like
me to split those into a separate patch, let me know.
Neil Conway
results due to doing arithmetic on uninitialized values. Add some
documentation about the AT TIME ZONE construct. Update some other
date/time documentation that seemed out of date for 7.3.
database access outside a transaction; revert bogus performance improvement
in SIBackendInit(); improve comments; add documentation (this part courtesy
Neil Conway).
parameter to allow it to be forced off for comparison purposes.
Add ORDER BY clauses to a bunch of regression test queries that will
otherwise produce randomly-ordered output in the new regime.
- CLUSTER ALL clusters all the tables that have some index with
indisclustered set and the calling user owns.
- CLUSTER tablename clusters the named table, using the index with
indisclustered set. If no index has the bit set, throws elog(ERROR).
- The multi-relation version (CLUSTER ALL) uses a multitransaction
approach, similar to what VACUUM does.
Alvaro Herrera
before commit, not after :-( --- the original coding is not only unsafe
if an error occurs while it's processing, but it generates an invalid
sequence of WAL entries. Resurrect 7.2 logic for deleting items when
no longer needed. Use an enum instead of random macros. Editorialize
on names used for routines and constants. Teach backend/nodes routines
about new field in CreateTable struct. Add a regression test.
PL/PgSQL. Previously, it had been bundled together with the assign
statement implementation, for some reason that wasn't clear to me
(they certainly don't share any code with one another). So I separated
them and made PERFORM a statement like any other. No changes in
functionality.
Along the way, I added some regression tests for PERFORM, added a
bunch more SGML tags to the PL/PgSQL docs, and removed an obsolete
comment relating to the implementation of RETURN NEXT.
Neil Conway
"traditional" behavior, so the change should be transparent. Use the
command "\pset pager always" to turn it on. Anything else does the
normal toggle between "on" and "off"
Greg Sabino Mullane
precision for float4, float8, and geometric types. Set it in pg_dump
so that float data can be dumped/reloaded exactly (at least on platforms
where the float I/O support is properly implemented). Initial patch by
Pedro Ferreira, some additional work by Tom Lane.
the documentation and behavior of "pg_result $res -oid" when $res is not
from an INSERT. The documentation says it should return an empty
string, but in fact it returns 0. I think it used to return an empty
string around PostgreSQL-7.1.3 when PQoidStatus() was used, but now it
uses PQoidValue() which returns InvalidOid, 0 in this case.
Assuming the current behavior is desired, here is a patch to the
documentation doc/src/sgml/libpgtcl.sgml to match what really happens:
ljb
> * Add GUC variables extra_float_digits and extra_double_digits to
> control output digits
419a422
> * Research interaction of setitimer() and sleep() used by statement_timeout
< A dash (-) marks changes that will appear in the upcoming 7.3 release.
> A dash (-) marks changes that will appear in the upcoming 7.4 release.
38d37
< * -Change DEBUG startup tag to LOG (Bruce)
40,51d38
< * -Add pg_backend_pid() function to backend
< * -Allow logging of query durations
<
<
< Permissions
< ===========
<
< * -Improve control over user privileges, including table creation
< * -Allow user/group names to be specified directly in pg_hba.conf (Bruce)
< * -Add ~/.pgpass to store passwords with user/host/password combinations
< * -Allow permissions for functions (Peter E)
< * -Allow object creation to be disabled for specific users
58,60d44
< * -Make it easier to create a database owned by someone who can't createdb,
< perhaps CREATE DATABASE dbname WITH OWNER = "user" (Gavin)
< * -Make equals sign optional in CREATE DATABASE WITH param = 'val'
65,66d48
< * -Prevent SIGHUP and 'pg_ctl reload' from changing command line
< specified parameters to postgresql.conf defaults (Peter E)
69,70d50
< * -Reserve last few process slots for super-user if max_connections reached
< * -Add GUC parameter to print queries that generate errors
79d58
< * -Add domain capability (Rod Taylor)
82,84d60
< * -SELECT cash_out(2) crashes because of opaque
< * -Declare typein/out functions in pg_proc with a special "C string" data type
< * -Functions returning sets do not totally work
89d64
< * -Add GUC parameter for DATESTYLE
91,93d65
< * -Allow bytea to handle LIKE with non-TEXT patterns
< * -to_char(0,'FM999.99') returns a period, to_char(1,'FM999.99') doesn't (Karel)
< * -Add floor(float8) and other missing functions
97d68
< o -Store binary-compatible type information in the system
104d74
< o -Ensure we have array-eq operators for every built-in array type
139,140d108
< * -Remove brackets as multi-statement rule grouping, must use parens (Bruce)
< * -Prevent aggregates from being used in rule WHERE clauses
154d121
< * -Allow UPDATE/DELETE on inherited table
166d132
< * -Add deleted bit to index tuples to reduce heap access
176d141
< * -Test hash index performance and discourage usage
182d146
< * -Add SIMILAR TO to allow character classes, 'pg_[a-c]%'
184d147
< * -Remove LIMIT #,# and force use LIMIT and OFFSET clauses in 7.3 (Bruce)
186,187d148
< * -Disallow TRUNCATE on tables that are involved in referential constraints
< * -Add OR REPLACE clauses to non-FUNCTION object creation
190d150
< * -Prevent create/drop scripts from allowing extra args (Bruce)
201,205d160
< o -Add ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN feature
< o -Add ALTER TABLE DROP non-CHECK CONSTRAINT
< o -ALTER TABLE ADD PRIMARY KEY (Tom)
< o -ALTER TABLE ADD UNIQUE (Tom)
< o -ALTER TABLE ALTER COLUMN SET/DROP NOT NULL (Christopher)
210d164
< o -Have ALTER TABLE OWNER change all dependant objects like indexes
214,216d167
< o -Cluster all tables at once using pg_index.indisclustered set during
< previous CLUSTER
< o -Prevent loss of indexes, permissions, inheritance
221d171
< o -Allow specification of column names
224d173
< o -Change syntax to WITH DELIMITER, (keep old syntax around?)
228d176
< o -Generate failure on short COPY lines rather than pad NULLs
242,243d189
< o -Allow INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (a, b, c, DEFAULT, x, y, z, ...)
< o -Disallow missing columns in INSERT ... (col) VALUES, per ANSI
248,249d193
< o -Add command to display locks
< o -Add SET or BEGIN timeout parameter to cancel query
251d194
< o -Remove SET KSQO option now that OR processing is improved (Bruce)
254,256d196
< o -Add SHOW command to see locale
< o -Allow SHOW to output as a query result, like EXPLAIN
< o -Abort all SET changes made in an aborted transaction
264d203
< o -Fix PL/PgSQL to handle quoted mixed-case identifiers
287,291d225
< * -Have pg_dump use LEFT OUTER JOIN in multi-table SELECTs
< or multiple SELECTS to avoid bad system catalog entries
< * -Have pg_dump -C dump database location and encoding information
< * -Allow psql \d to show foreign keys
< * -Allow psql \d to show temporary table structure (Tom)
294d227
< * -Have pg_dump use ADD PRIMARY KEY after COPY, for performance (Neil)
302d234
< o -Updateable resultSet
307d238
< o -Implement cancel() method on Statement
309d239
< o -Add support for CallableStatements
311d240
< o -Compile under jdk 1.4
334d262
< * -Allow oid to act as a foreign key
337,338d264
< * -Allow user to control trigger firing order (Tom)
< * -Add ALTER TRIGGER ... RENAME
341d266
< * -Fix foreign key constraints to not error on intermediate db states (Stephan)
350,359d274
< * -Add pg_depend table for dependency recording; use sysrelid, oid,
< depend_sysrelid, depend_oid, name
< * -Auto-destroy sequence on DROP of table with SERIAL; perhaps a separate
< SERIAL type
< * -Prevent column dropping if column is used by foreign key
< * -Propagate column or table renaming to foreign key constraints
< * -Automatically drop constraints/functions when object is dropped
< * -Make foreign key constraints clearer in dump file
< * -Make other constraints clearer in dump file
< * -Make foreign keys easier to identify
367d281
< * -Allow autocommit so always in a transaction block
377d290
< * -Add SQL92 schemas (Tom)
400d312
< * -Cache most recent query plan(s) (Neil) [prepare]
439d350
< * -Cache system catalog information in per-database files (Tom)
450,451d360
< * -Reorder postgresql.conf WAL items in order of importance (Bruce)
< * -Remove wal_files postgresql.conf option because WAL files are now recycled
465,466d373
< * -Improve dynamic memory allocation by introducing tuple-context memory
< allocation (Tom)
468d374
< * -Nested FULL OUTER JOINs don't work (Tom)
470,472d375
< * -Add new pg_proc cachable settings to specify whether function can be
< evaluated only once or once per query
< * -Change FIXED_CHAR_SEL to 0.20 from 0.04 to give better selectivity (Bruce)
494,496d396
< * -Add Intimate Shared Memory(ISM) for Solaris
< * -Use faster flex flags for performance improvement (Peter E)
< * -Add BSD-licensed qsort() for Solaris
503,507d402
< * -Fix problems with libpq non-blocking/async code
< * -Make sure all block numbers are unsigned to increase maximum table size
< * -Merge LockMethodCtl and LockMethodTable into one shared structure (Bruce)
< * -HOLDER/HOLDERTAB rename to PROCLOCK/PROCLOCKTAG (Bruce)
< * -Remove LockMethodTable.prio field, not used (Bruce)
512,513d406
< * -Make one version of simple_prompt() in code (Bruce, Tom)
< * -Compile in syslog functionaility by default (Tatsuo)
517d409
< * -Report failure to find readline or zlib at end of configure run
519,520d410
< * -Increase identifier length (NAMEDATALEN) if small performance hit,
< * -Increase maximum number of function parameters if little wasted space
529,530d418
< * -Fix glibc's mktime() to handle pre-1970's dates
< * -Move /contrib/retep to gborg.postgresql.org
where it's safe to do database access. Along the way, fix core dump
for 'DEFAULT' parameters to CREATE DATABASE. initdb forced due to
change in pg_proc entry.
< * Add floor(float8) and other missing functions
> * -Add floor(float8) and other missing functions
174c174
< * Improve concurrency of hash indexes (Neil Conway)
> * Improve concurrency of hash indexes (Neil)
277c277
< o Allow array declarations and other data types in PL/PgSQl DECLARE
> o Allow array declarations and other data types in PL/PgSQL DECLARE
293c293
< * -Have pg_dump use ADD PRIMARY KEY after COPY, for performance (Neil Conway)
> * -Have pg_dump use ADD PRIMARY KEY after COPY, for performance (Neil)
474c474
< * Precompile SQL functions to avoid overhead (Neil Conway)
> * Precompile SQL functions to avoid overhead (Neil)
549c549
< * Neil is Neil Conway <nconway@klamath.dyndns.org>
> * Neil is Neil Conway <neilc@samurai.com>
rather than being reordered according to INSTEAD attribute for
implementation convenience.
Also, increase compiled-in recursion depth limit from 10 to 100 rewrite
cycles. 10 seems pretty marginal for situations where multiple rules
exist for the same query. There was a complaint about this recently,
so I'm going to bump it up. (Perhaps we should make the limit a GUC
parameter, but that's too close to being a new feature to do in beta.)
a column list. Bring its parsing of quoted names and quoted strings
somewhat up to speed --- I believe it now handles all non-error cases
the same way the backend would, but weird boundary conditions are not
necessarily done the same way.
- Wrap them in the <database class="table"> tags, since thats what they
are (no markup rules for this, so it inherits from parent -- no style
change)
- Mention that pg_database, pg_shadow, and pg_group are global, and the
rest are local to the specific DB. (I believe this is correct).
> Works for me, though I suppose we could explain what the exceptions are
> like in general terms. Perhaps something like
>
> 'Most system catalogs are copied from the template database during
> database creation, and are thereafter database-specific. A few
> catalogs are physically shared across all databases in an installation;
> these are marked in the descriptions of the individual catalogs.'
Ok, new patch.
Rod Taylor
> > > > found in the postmaster and not included from elsewhere)
> >
> > shared libs on AIX need to be able to resolve all symbols at linkage time.
> > Those two symbols are in backend/utils/SUBSYS.o but not in the postgres
> > executable.
>
> They are defined in backend/utils/mb/conv.c and declared in
> include/mb/pg_wchar.h. They're also linked into the
> postmaster. I don't see anything unusual.
Attached is a patch to fix the mb linking problems on AIX. As a nice side effect
it reduces the duplicate symbol warnings to linking libpq.so and libecpg.so
(all shlibs that are not postmaster loadable modules).
Please apply to current (only affects AIX).
The _LARGE_FILES problem is unfortunately still open, unless Peter
has fixed it per his recent idea.
Zeugswetter Andreas SB SD
discussion some weeks ago. Also, add a check that two types to be
binary-equivalenced match as to typlen, typbyval, and typalign; if
they don't then it's surely a mistake to equivalence them.
be able to do that, but the ability seems to have got lost in the
shuffle). Add a -o nextOID switch for completeness. Improve the
documentation to explain how and why to use these switches.
The error message said so :-)
In 25.3. Using PL/Python
If the trigger "when" is BEFORE, you may return None or "OK"
from the Python function to indicate the tuple is unmodified, "SKIP"
to abort the event, or "MODIFIED" to indicate you've modified the tuple.
should read
If the trigger "when" is BEFORE, you may return None or "OK"
from the Python function to indicate the tuple is unmodified, "SKIP"
to abort the event, or "MODIFY" to indicate you've modified the tuple.
elein
the SQL99 standard. (I'm not sure that the character-class features are
quite right, but that can be fixed later.) Document SQL99 and POSIX
regexps as being different features; provide variants of SUBSTRING for
each.
with OPAQUE. CREATE LANGUAGE, CREATE TRIGGER, and CREATE TYPE will all
accept references to functions declared with OPAQUE --- but they will
issue a NOTICE, and will modify the function entries in pg_proc to have
the preferred type-safe argument or result types instead of OPAQUE.
Per recent pghackers discussions.
to be flexible about assignment casts without introducing ambiguity in
operator/function resolution. Introduce a well-defined promotion hierarchy
for numeric datatypes (int2->int4->int8->numeric->float4->float8).
Change make_const to initially label numeric literals as int4, int8, or
numeric (never float8 anymore).
Explicitly mark Func and RelabelType nodes to indicate whether they came
from a function call, explicit cast, or implicit cast; use this to do
reverse-listing more accurately and without so many heuristics.
Explicit casts to char, varchar, bit, varbit will truncate or pad without
raising an error (the pre-7.2 behavior), while assigning to a column without
any explicit cast will still raise an error for wrong-length data like 7.3.
This more nearly follows the SQL spec than 7.2 behavior (we should be
reporting a 'completion condition' in the explicit-cast cases, but we have
no mechanism for that, so just do silent truncation).
Fix some problems with enforcement of typmod for array elements;
it didn't work at all in 'UPDATE ... SET array[n] = foo', for example.
Provide a generalized array_length_coerce() function to replace the
specialized per-array-type functions that used to be needed (and were
missing for NUMERIC as well as all the datetime types).
Add missing conversions int8<->float4, text<->numeric, oid<->int8.
initdb forced.
> Hannu Krosing wrote:
>
>> It seems that my last mail on this did not get through to the list
>> ;(
>>
>> Please consider renaming the new builtin function
>> split(text,text,int)
>>
>> to something else, perhaps
>>
>> split_part(text,text,int)
>>
>> (like date_part)
>>
>> The reason for this request is that 3 most popular scripting
>> languages (perl, python, php) all have also a function with similar
>> signature, but returning an array instead of single element and the
>> (optional) third argument is limit (maximum number of splits to
>> perform)
>>
>> I think that it would be good to have similar function in (some
>> future release of) postgres, but if we now let in a function with
>> same name and arguments but returning a single string instead an
>> array of them, then we will need to invent a new and not so easy to
>> recognise name for the "real" split function.
>>
>
> This is a good point, and I'm not opposed to changing the name, but
> it is too bad your original email didn't get through before beta1 was
> rolled. The change would now require an initdb, which I know we were
> trying to avoid once beta started (although we could change it
> without *requiring* an initdb I suppose).
>
> I guess if we do end up needing an initdb for other reasons, we
> should make this change too. Any other opinions? Is split_part an
> acceptable name?
>
> Also, if we add a todo to produce a "real" split function that
> returns an array, similar to those languages, I'll take it for 7.4.
No one commented on the choice of name, so the attached patch changes
the name of split(text,text,int) to split_part(text,text,int) per
Hannu's recommendation above. This can be applied without an initdb if
current beta testers are advised to run:
update pg_proc set proname = 'split_part' where proname = 'split';
in the case they want to use this function. Regression and doc fix is
also included in the patch.
Joe Conway
creation to world, but disallow temp table creation in template1. Per
latest round of pghackers discussion.
I did not force initdb, but the permissions lockdown on template1 will
not take effect unless you do one (or manually REVOKE TEMP ON DATABASE template1 FROM public).
Gerhard Hintermayer, revised and documented by Tom Lane.
This patch also fixes a 'must fix' bug: libpgtcl's LISTEN/NOTIFY
support was broken by the recent changes to the PGnotify structure.
Guess that change wasn't quite so safe as we thought.
< o -ALTER TABLE ALTER COLUMN SET/DROP NOT NULL (Christopher Kings-Lynne)
< o ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN column SERIAL doesn't create sequence
> o -ALTER TABLE ALTER COLUMN SET/DROP NOT NULL (Christopher)
200a200,201
> o ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN column SERIAL doesn't create sequence because
> of the item above
232c233
< o -Disallow missing columns in INSERT ... VALUES, per ANSI
> o -Disallow missing columns in INSERT ... (col) VALUES, per ANSI
335,336d335
< * Have SERIAL generate non-colliding sequence names when we have
< auto-destruction
< * Allow logging of query durations
> * -Allow logging of query durations
51,52d50
< * Make single-user local access permissions the default by limiting
< permissions on the socket file (Peter E)
72,73c70,71
< * Reserve last few process slots for super-user if max_connections reached
< * Add GUC parameter to print queries that generate errors
> * -Reserve last few process slots for super-user if max_connections reached
> * -Add GUC parameter to print queries that generate errors
82,83c80,81
< * Declare typein/out functions in pg_proc with a special "C string" data type
< * Functions returning sets do not totally work
> * -Declare typein/out functions in pg_proc with a special "C string" data type
> * -Functions returning sets do not totally work
90c88
< * Allow bytea to handle LIKE with non-TEXT patterns
> * -Allow bytea to handle LIKE with non-TEXT patterns
94c92
< o Store binary-compatible type information in the system
> o -Store binary-compatible type information in the system
97d94
< o -SELECT col FROM tab WHERE numeric_col = 10.1 fails, requires quotes
102c99
< o Ensure we have array-eq operators for every built-in array type
> o -Ensure we have array-eq operators for every built-in array type
119d115
< * Allow setting database character set without multibyte enabled
152d147
< * Have UPDATE/DELETE clean out indexes
198,199d192
< o ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN to inherited table put column in wrong place
< [inheritance]
201d193
< o Add ALTER FUNCTION
203,204c195,196
< o -ALTER TABLE ADD PRIMARY KEY (Tom)
< o -ALTER TABLE ADD UNIQUE (Tom)
> o -ALTER TABLE ADD PRIMARY KEY (Christopher)
> o -ALTER TABLE ADD UNIQUE (Christopher)
248c240
< o -Remove SET KSQO option now that OR processing is improved (Tom)
> o -Remove SET KSQO option now that OR processing is improved (Bruce)
280c272
< * Have pg_dump use LEFT OUTER JOIN in multi-table SELECTs
> * -Have pg_dump use LEFT OUTER JOIN in multi-table SELECTs
287d278
< * Add config file check for $ODBCINI, $HOME/.odbc.ini, installpath/etc/odbc.ini
318,322d308
< * ODBC
< o ODBC 3.0 support
< o Unicode(UCS-2) support
< o Updatable cursors support
<
337c323
< * Fix foreign key constraints to not error on intermediate db states (Stephan)
> * -Fix foreign key constraints to not error on intermediate db states (Stephan)
352c338
< * Propagate column or table renaming to foreign key constraints
> * -Propagate column or table renaming to foreign key constraints
447c433
< * Remove wal_files postgresql.conf option because WAL files are now recycled
> * -Remove wal_files postgresql.conf option because WAL files are now recycled
460c446
< * Improve dynamic memory allocation by introducing tuple-context memory
> * -Improve dynamic memory allocation by introducing tuple-context memory
463c449
< * Nested FULL OUTER JOINs don't work (Tom)
> * -Nested FULL OUTER JOINs don't work (Tom)
> * -Add OR REPLACE clauses to non-FUNCTION object creation
> * -Allow autocommit so always in a transaction block
> * -Cache most recent query plan(s) (Neil) [prepare]
not synonymous with CHECK (xxx IS NOT NULL) -- for example, consider
ALTER TABLE ADD PRIMARY KEY, which checks for 'NOT NULL', not a check
constraint.
Neil Conway
already fixed by You. However there were a few left and attached patch
should fix the rest of them.
I used StringInfo only in 2 places and both of them are inside debug
ifdefs. Only performance penalty will come from using strlen() like all
the other code does.
I also modified some of the already patched parts by changing
snprintf(buf, 2 * BUFSIZE, ... style lines to
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), ... where buf is an array.
Jukka Holappa
(overlaying low byte of page size) and add HEAP_HASOID bit to t_infomask,
per earlier discussion. Simplify scheme for overlaying fields in tuple
header (no need for cmax to live in more than one place). Don't try to
clear infomask status bits in tqual.c --- not safe to do it there. Don't
try to force output table of a SELECT INTO to have OIDs, either. Get rid
of unnecessarily complex three-state scheme for TupleDesc.tdhasoids, which
has already caused one recent failure. Improve documentation.
available (else there's no way to interpret the list links). Change
pg_locks view to show transaction ID locks separately from ordinary
relation locks. Avoid showing N duplicate rows when the same lock is
held multiple times (seems unlikely that users care about exact hold
count). Improve documentation.
to false provides more SQL-spec-compliant behavior than we had before.
I am not sure that setting it false is actually a good idea yet; there
is a lot of client-side code that will probably be broken by turning
autocommit off. But it's a start.
Loosely based on a patch by David Van Wie.
column additions, deletions, and renames that would let a child table
get out of sync with its parent. Patch by Alvaro Herrera, with some
kibitzing by Tom Lane.
to the table function, thus preventing memory leakage accumulation across
calls. This means that SRFs need to be careful to distinguish permanent
and local storage; adjust code and documentation accordingly. Patch by
Joe Conway, very minor tweaks by Tom Lane.
bit on the indexes.
I also attach clusterdb and clusterdb.sgml; both of them are blatant
rips of vacuumdb and vacuumdb.sgml, but get the job done. Please review
them, as I'm probably making a lot of mistakes with SGML and I can't
compile it here.
vacuumdb itself is not very comfortable to use when the databases have
passwords, because it has to connect once for each table (I can probably
make it connect only once for each database; should I?). Because of
this I added a mention of PGPASSWORDFILE in the documentation, but I
don't know if that is the correct place for that.
Alvaro Herrera
value '-2' is used to indicate a variable-width type whose width is
computed as strlen(datum)+1. Everything that looks at typlen is updated
except for array support, which Joe Conway is working on; at the moment
it wouldn't work to try to create an array of cstring.
>>" It's also possible to select no escape character by writing ESCAPE ''.
>>In this case there is no way to turn off the special meaning of
>>underscore and percent signs in the pattern."
Joe Conway
with OPAQUE, as per recent pghackers discussion. I still want to do some
more work on the 'cstring' pseudo-type, but I'm going to commit the bulk
of the changes now before the tree starts shifting under me ...
FOUND is set whenever a SELECT INTO returns > 0 rows, *or* when an
INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE affects > 0 rows. We implemented the first
part of this behavior, but not the second.
I also improved the documentation on the various situations in which
FOUND can be set (excluding inside FOR loops, which I still need to
think about), and added some regression tests for this behavior.
Neil Conway
> Quick system function to pull out the current database.
>
> I've used this a number of times to allow stored procedures to find out
> where they are. Especially useful for those that do logging or hit a
> remote server.
>
> It's called current_database() to match with current_user().
It's also a necessity for an informational schema. The catalog
(database) name is required in a number of places.
Rod Taylor
The -n and -N options were removed. Quoting is now smart enough to
supply quotes if and only if necessary.
Numerical types are now printed without quotes, except in cases of
special values such as NaN.
Boolean values printed as true and false.
Most string literals now do not escape whitespace characters (newlines,
etc.) for portability.
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION argument is a string literal, to follow SQL.
Made commands output by pg_dump use consistent spacing and indentation.
This patch is an updated version of the lock listing patch. I've made
the following changes:
- write documentation
- wrap the SRF in a view called 'pg_locks': all user-level
access should be done through this view
- re-diff against latest CVS
One thing I chose not to do is adapt the SRF to use the anonymous
composite type code from Joe Conway. I'll probably do that eventually,
but I'm not really convinced it's a significantly cleaner way to
bootstrap SRF builtins than the method this patch uses (of course, it
has other uses...)
Neil Conway
sets of triggers. Also modify psql \d command to show foreign key
constraints as such and hide the triggers. pg_get_constraintdef()
function added to backend to support these. From Rod Taylor, code
review and some editorialization by Tom Lane.
<
> * Prevent mismatch of frontend/backend encodings from converting bytea
> data from being interpreted as encoded strings
512a514,515
> * Fix glibc's mktime() to handle pre-1970's dates
>
> * -Improve control over user privileges, including table creation
> * -Add PGPASSWORDFILE environment variable or ~/.pgpass to store
> o -Compile under jdk 1.4
> There's no longer a separate call to heap_storage_create in that routine
> --- the right place to make the test is now in the storage_create
> boolean parameter being passed to heap_create. A simple change, but
> it passeth patch's understanding ...
Thanks.
Attached is a patch against cvs tip as of 8:30 PM PST or so. Turned out
that even after fixing the failed hunks, there was a new spot in
bufmgr.c which needed to be fixed (related to temp relations;
RelationUpdateNumberOfBlocks). But thankfully the regression test code
caught it :-)
Joe Conway
Chapter 1. libpq - C Library
1.3. Command Execution Functions
1.3.3. Escaping binary strings for inclusion in SQL queries
I found the line
"The result string length does not include the terminating zero byte of the result."
is not right.
The result string length does indeed include the terminating zero byte.
Christoph Haller
> > This patch improves the documentation of the UPDATE and ALTER TABLE
> > commands to elaborate on the effect of specifying an "ONLY" clause.
>
> Unfortunately this is still only half the truth ... see the
> SQL_INHERITANCE configuration variable.
Okay, I've attached an updated patch with more information on
SQL_INHERITANCE and inheritance behavior in prior releases.
Neil Conway
PGPASSWORDFILE environment variable. I have modified libpq to make use
of this variable. I present the first cut here.
Currently the format for the file should be
host:port:database:user:password
Alvaro Herrera
sys = malloc(strlen(editorName) + strlen(fname) + 10 + 1);
if (!sys)
return false;
sprintf(sys, "exec '%s' '%s'", editorName, fname);
(note the added quotes to provide a little protection against spaces
and such). Then it's perfectly obvious what the calculation is doing.
I don't care about wasting 20-some bytes, but confusing readers of the
code is worth avoiding.
regards, tom lane
< * Allow temporary views
< * Require view using temporary tables to be temporary views
> * -Have views on temporary tables exist in the temporary namespace
<
> o Improve PL/PgSQL exception handling
> o Allow PL/PgSQL parameters to be specified by name and type during
> definition
> o Allow PL/PgSQL function parameters to be passed by name,
> get_employee_salary(emp_id => 12345, tax_year => 2001)
> o Add PL/PgSQL packages
> o Allow array declarations and other data types in PL/PgSQl DECLARE
> o Add PL/PgSQL PROCEDURES that can return multiple values
