Parsed test spec with 2 sessions starting permutation: insert1 insert2 c1 select2 c2 step insert1: INSERT INTO upsert(key, val) VALUES(1, 'insert1') ON CONFLICT (key) DO UPDATE set val = upsert.val || ' updated by insert1'; step insert2: INSERT INTO upsert(key, val) VALUES(1, 'insert2') ON CONFLICT (key) DO UPDATE set val = upsert.val || ' updated by insert2'; step c1: COMMIT; step insert2: <... completed> step select2: SELECT * FROM upsert; key|val ---+-------------------------- 1|insert1 updated by insert2 (1 row) step c2: COMMIT; starting permutation: insert1 insert2 a1 select2 c2 step insert1: INSERT INTO upsert(key, val) VALUES(1, 'insert1') ON CONFLICT (key) DO UPDATE set val = upsert.val || ' updated by insert1'; step insert2: INSERT INTO upsert(key, val) VALUES(1, 'insert2') ON CONFLICT (key) DO UPDATE set val = upsert.val || ' updated by insert2'; step a1: ABORT; step insert2: <... completed> step select2: SELECT * FROM upsert; key|val ---+------- 1|insert2 (1 row) step c2: COMMIT;