POSTGRES95 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS Copyright (c) 1996 Regents of the University of California This directory contains the source and documentation for Postgres95 (version 2) Postgres95 is a derivative of POSTGRES 4.2 (the last release of the UC Berkeley research project). For copyright terms for postgres95, please see the file named COPYRIGHT. This version was developed by a team of developers on the postgres developers mailing list. Version 1 (through 1.01) was developed by Jolly Chen and Andrew Yu. REQUIREMENTS TO RUN POSTGRES95 ------------------------------ Postgres95 has been tested on the following platforms: alpha - DEC Alpha AXP on OSF/1 2.0 hpux - HP PA-RISC on HP-UX 9.0 i386_solaris - i386 Solaris sparc_solaris - SUN SPARC on Solaris 2.4 sparc - SUN SPARC on SunOS 4.1.3 ultrix4 - DEC MIPS on Ultrix 4.4 linux - Intel x86 on Linux 1.2 and Linux ELF BSD44_derived - OSs derived from 4.4-lite BSD (NetBSD, FreeBSD) bsdi - BSD/OS 2.0 and 2.01 bsdi_2_1 - BSD/OS 2.1 aix - IBM on AIX 3.2.5 irix5 - SGI MIPS on IRIX 5.3 dgux - DG/UX 5.4R3.10 Some hooks are provided for svr4 - Intel x86 on Intel SVR4 next - Motorola MC68K or Intel x86 on NeXTSTEP 3.2 but these are guaranteed not to work as of yet. Postgres95 is also known to work on a number of other platforms that the authors have not personally tested. You should have at least 8 MB of memory and at least 30 MB of disk space to hold the source, binaries, and user databases. MIGRATING FROM POSTGRES VERSION 1 --------------------------------- Version 2 is mostly backward compatible with Version 1, but the database format is incompatible, so if you have databases that you use with Version 1, you need to convert them before you can use them with Version 2. Once you do that, you won't be able to use them with Version 1 anymore. For details on how to do this conversion, see the file MIGRATION_V1_TO_V2. INSTALLING POSTGRES95 --------------------- Installing Postgres95 encompasses only installing the software on your system so you can use it to access (or create or manipulate) databases. This step does not include actually creating any database or configuring your system to use it. To install Postgres95 on UNIX platforms: 1. Unpack the source distribution into a source directory. We'll assume "/usr/src/postgres95" in this discussion. This should be a new directory. 2. Set your current directory to the source directory: cd /usr/src/postgres95 3. Build Postgres95: If you're installing Postgres95 on Ultrix 4.x or Linux, see the porting notes at the end for additional packages that you need to install before installing Postgres95. Our Makefiles require GNU make (called gmake in this document) and also assume that "install" accepts BSD options. The INSTALL variable in the Makefiles is set to the BSD-compatible version of install. On some systems, you will have to find a BSD-compatible install to the location of this program. (eg. bsdinst, which comes with the MIT X Window System distribution) Customization can be done by editing src/Makefile.global. You may change the various configuration options here, such as where the Postgres95 executable files are installed and where postgres looks for the database directory. The configuration switches are fairly self-explanatory, but we will go over some of the more commonly-changed options: - PORTNAME specifies the platform on which Postgres95 is being build (BSD44_derived is the default). You might need to change it to reflect your platform. (sparc for SunOS 4.1.x, sparc_solaris for Solaris 2.4, ultrix4 for Ultrix 4.4, and hpux for HP-UX 9.0) - SRCDIR specifies where the source files are located. (defaults to $(POSTGRESDIR)/src.) - POSTGRESDIR specifies the top-level directory where Postgres95 binaries, header files, libraries, and databases are installed. - NAMEDATALEN and OIDNAMELEN allows you to set the maximum length of system identifiers (table names, function names, etc.) It defaults to 32. You may alter this if you like, but be aware that databases created with different NAMEDATALEN's do not interoperate. - USE_READLINE specifies whether you want to use the GNU readline and history libraries for the psql interactive frontend program. GNU readline is not supplied with postgres95 and can be found in the usual ftp sites for GNU software. - HBA specifies whether you wish to use host-based authentication for postgres95. See the section "How to Create a Database System" for how to set up the HBA permissions if you decide to use HBA. After editing src/Makefile.global, you are ready to compile Postgres95 (it takes about 10 minutes on a 133Mhz Pentium running linux): % cd src % gmake The gmake ultimately issues the message "All of Postgres95 is successfully made. Ready to install." If you don't get that, the make failed, and there should be error messages at the end detailing why. 4. Install Postgres95 Installing just means placing all the files built in the previous step into their live locations on your system. % gmake install This will narrate all the files being installed. You should watch and be sure the files are going to reasonable places and confirm for yourself that they ended up where they belong. Any error messages indicate something is wrong and you probably have to correct it before Postgres95 will work. HOW TO CREATE A DATABASE SYSTEM ------------------------------- Once you have Postgres installed, you'll need at least one database system on which to operate. A database system is a collection of databases that are used together and fall under a single authority. You can have as many database systems as you want on a single unix system. You select a unix user to be the "postgres superuser" for a database system and that user, for one thing, owns all the unix files that hold all the data for that database system. It is usually a good idea to create a user for the sole purpose of being a postgres superuser. WARNING: Postgres95 is not secure. Anyone who can connect to a database system can easily assume all the unix privileges of its Postgres superuser. The simplest way is by creating and running a C language function. There are plans to remedy this in future developent. The program initdb (part of Postgres) is what initializes (creates) a database system. See the man page for initdb. Example: % initdb --pgdata=/usr/lib/postgres_data --username=postgres This example creates the files for the database system in the directory /usr/lib/postgres_data and makes user "postgres" the Postgres superuser for the new database system. By default, the user issuing the initdb command becomes the Postgres superuser, and only the unix superuser can specify any other user as the Postgres superuser. Setting up Permissions ---------------------- The first thing you should do after creating a database system is set up the permissions for connecting to the database. These are kept in the file pg_hba in the data directory. Initdb creates a sample version of this file, which contains comments telling you how to set it up. The Postmaster Daemon --------------------- Finally, in order to use the database system, you'll need to have a postmaster daemon running. There is one postmaster process per database system. The postmaster runs the program "postgres" and must run as the Postgres superuser. See the postgres man page. So, for example, you can login as the Postgres superuser and issue the command: % postgres -S -D/usr/lib/postgres/postgres_data -p5432 This says to run the postmaster against the database system created above, to accept connections from users on the conventional TCP port 5432, and (-S) to run in the background without issuing messages about normal execution. This is a good daemon to start via system startup scripts, using su (be careful NOT to run the postmaster as the unix superuser by mistake). TESTING POSTGRES95 ------------------ We suggest you run the regression tests to make sure the release was installed successfully and works as designed in your environment. The regression tests can be found in src/test/regress. (see src/test/regress/README for more details) % cd /usr/src/postgres95/src/test/regress % gmake all runtest This will run a whole slew of regression tests and might take a long time to run. When it's done, the output is in the file obj/regress.out. You can compare this to a sample run that we supply in the file sample.regress.out. (You should get roughly the same output except for some pathnames.) % diff obj/regress.out sample.regress.out The regression test takes about half an hour to run on a Sparc 10. You may want to use 'grep -v' to remove unsignificant differences. PLAYING WITH POSTGRES95 ----------------------- After Postgres95 is installed, a database system is created, a postmaster daemon is running, and the regression tests have passed, you'll want to see Postgres95 do something. That's easy. Invoke the interactive interface to Postgres95, psql, and start typing SQL: % psql -d/usr/lib/postgres_data template1 (psql has to open a particular database, but at this point the only one that exists is the template1 database, which always exists. We will connect to it only long enough to create another one and switch to it). The response from psql is: type \? for help on slash commands type \q to quit type \g or terminate with semicolon to execute query You are currently connected to the database: template1 template1=> Create the database foo: template1=> CREATE DATABASE FOO; INSERT 773248 (Don't ever forget those SQL semicolons. Psql won't execute anything until it sees the semicolon). template1=> \c foo closing connection to database: template1 connecting to new database: foo (\ commands aren't SQL, so no semicolon. Use \? to see all the \ commands). template1=> CREATE TABLE bar (column1 int4, column2 char16); CREATE template1=> \d bar ... You get the idea. QUESTIONS? BUGS? FEEDBACK? -------------------------- First, please read the Frequently Asked Questions and answers in the file called FAQ. If you still have questions, please send them to postgres95@postgres95.vnet.net. If you have a bug report to make, please send a filled out version of the file named "bug.template" to pg95-dev@ki.net. If you would like to help out with the development and maintenance of postgres95, send subscribe to the developers mailing list. See README.support for more information ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Porting Notes: ------------- Ultrix4.x: You need to install the libdl-1.1 package since Ultrix 4.x doesn't have a dynamic loader. It's available in s2k-ftp.CS.Berkeley.EDU:pub/personal/andrew/libdl-1.1.tar.Z Linux: The linux port defaults to the ELF binary format. (Note that if you're using ELF, you don't need dld because you'll be using the dl library that comes with Linux ELF instead.) To compile on non-ELF Linux, comment out the LINUX_ELF line in src/mk/port/postgres.mk.linux. Also, the dld library MUST be obtained and installed on the system. It enables dynamic link loading capability to the postgres port. The dld library can be obtained from the sunsite linux distributions. The current name is dld-3.2.5. (Jalon Q. Zimmerman 5/11/95) To compile with flex, you need a recent version (2.5.2 or later). Otherwise, you will get a 'yy_flush_buffer' undefined error. BSD/OS: For BSD/OS 2.0 and 2.01, you will need to get flex version 2.5.2 as well as the GNU dld library. Flex version 2.5.3 has a known bug. NeXT: The NeXT port was supplied by Tom R. Hageman . It requires a SysV IPC emulation library and header files for shared libary and semaphore stuff. Tom just happens to sell such a product so contact him for information. He has also indicated that binary releases of postgres95 for NEXTSTEP will be made available to the general public. Contact Info@RnA.nl for information.