-- -- TEXT -- SELECT text 'this is a text string' = text 'this is a text string' AS true; SELECT text 'this is a text string' = text 'this is a text strin' AS false; CREATE TABLE TEXT_TBL (f1 text); INSERT INTO TEXT_TBL VALUES ('doh!'); INSERT INTO TEXT_TBL VALUES ('hi de ho neighbor'); SELECT '' AS two, * FROM TEXT_TBL; -- As of 8.3 we have removed most implicit casts to text, so that for example -- this no longer works: select length(42); -- But as a special exception for usability's sake, we still allow implicit -- casting to text in concatenations, so long as the other input is text or -- an unknown literal. So these work: select 'four: '::text || 2+2; select 'four: ' || 2+2; -- but not this: select 3 || 4.0; /* * various string functions */ select concat('one'); select concat(1,2,3,'hello',true, false, to_date('20100309','YYYYMMDD')); select concat_ws('#','one'); select concat_ws('#',1,2,3,'hello',true, false, to_date('20100309','YYYYMMDD')); select concat_ws(',',10,20,null,30); select concat_ws('',10,20,null,30); select concat_ws(NULL,10,20,null,30) is null; select reverse('abcde'); select i, left('ahoj', i), right('ahoj', i) from generate_series(-5, 5) t(i) order by i; select quote_literal(''); select quote_literal('abc'''); select quote_literal(e'\\'); -- check variadic labeled argument select concat(variadic array[1,2,3]); select concat_ws(',', variadic array[1,2,3]); select concat_ws(',', variadic NULL::int[]); select concat(variadic NULL::int[]) is NULL; select concat(variadic '{}'::int[]) = ''; --should fail select concat_ws(',', variadic 10); /* * format */ select format(NULL); select format('Hello'); select format('Hello %s', 'World'); select format('Hello %%'); select format('Hello %%%%'); -- should fail select format('Hello %s %s', 'World'); select format('Hello %s'); select format('Hello %x', 20); -- check literal and sql identifiers select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', 'mytab', 10, 'Hello'); select format('%s%s%s','Hello', NULL,'World'); select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', 'mytab', 10, NULL); select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', 'mytab', NULL, 'Hello'); -- should fail, sql identifier cannot be NULL select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', NULL, 10, 'Hello'); -- check positional placeholders select format('%1$s %3$s', 1, 2, 3); select format('%1$s %12$s', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12); -- should fail select format('%1$s %4$s', 1, 2, 3); select format('%1$s %13$s', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12); select format('%0$s', 'Hello'); select format('%*0$s', 'Hello'); select format('%1$', 1); select format('%1$1', 1); -- check mix of positional and ordered placeholders select format('Hello %s %1$s %s', 'World', 'Hello again'); select format('Hello %s %s, %2$s %2$s', 'World', 'Hello again'); -- check variadic labeled arguments select format('%s, %s', variadic array['Hello','World']); select format('%s, %s', variadic array[1, 2]); select format('%s, %s', variadic array[true, false]); select format('%s, %s', variadic array[true, false]::text[]); -- check variadic with positional placeholders select format('%2$s, %1$s', variadic array['first', 'second']); select format('%2$s, %1$s', variadic array[1, 2]); -- variadic argument can be array type NULL, but should not be referenced select format('Hello', variadic NULL::int[]); -- variadic argument allows simulating more than FUNC_MAX_ARGS parameters select format(string_agg('%s',','), variadic array_agg(i)) from generate_series(1,200) g(i); -- check field widths and left, right alignment select format('>>%10s<<', 'Hello'); select format('>>%10s<<', NULL); select format('>>%10s<<', ''); select format('>>%-10s<<', ''); select format('>>%-10s<<', 'Hello'); select format('>>%-10s<<', NULL); select format('>>%1$10s<<', 'Hello'); select format('>>%1$-10I<<', 'Hello'); select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', 10, 'Hello'); select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', 10, NULL); select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', -10, NULL); select format('>>%*s<<', 10, 'Hello'); select format('>>%*1$s<<', 10, 'Hello'); select format('>>%-s<<', 'Hello'); select format('>>%10L<<', NULL); select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', NULL, 'Hello'); select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', 0, 'Hello');