-- -- CREATE_INDEX -- Create ancillary data structures (i.e. indices) -- -- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables \getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR -- -- BTREE -- CREATE INDEX onek_unique1 ON onek USING btree(unique1 int4_ops); CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS onek_unique1 ON onek USING btree(unique1 int4_ops); NOTICE: relation "onek_unique1" already exists, skipping CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ON onek USING btree(unique1 int4_ops); ERROR: syntax error at or near "ON" LINE 1: CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ON onek USING btree(unique1 int4_... ^ CREATE INDEX onek_unique2 ON onek USING btree(unique2 int4_ops); CREATE INDEX onek_hundred ON onek USING btree(hundred int4_ops); CREATE INDEX onek_stringu1 ON onek USING btree(stringu1 name_ops); CREATE INDEX tenk1_unique1 ON tenk1 USING btree(unique1 int4_ops); CREATE INDEX tenk1_unique2 ON tenk1 USING btree(unique2 int4_ops); CREATE INDEX tenk1_hundred ON tenk1 USING btree(hundred int4_ops); CREATE INDEX tenk1_thous_tenthous ON tenk1 (thousand, tenthous); CREATE INDEX tenk2_unique1 ON tenk2 USING btree(unique1 int4_ops); CREATE INDEX tenk2_unique2 ON tenk2 USING btree(unique2 int4_ops); CREATE INDEX tenk2_hundred ON tenk2 USING btree(hundred int4_ops); CREATE INDEX rix ON road USING btree (name text_ops); CREATE INDEX iix ON ihighway USING btree (name text_ops); CREATE INDEX six ON shighway USING btree (name text_ops); -- test comments COMMENT ON INDEX six_wrong IS 'bad index'; ERROR: relation "six_wrong" does not exist COMMENT ON INDEX six IS 'good index'; COMMENT ON INDEX six IS NULL; -- -- BTREE partial indices -- CREATE INDEX onek2_u1_prtl ON onek2 USING btree(unique1 int4_ops) where unique1 < 20 or unique1 > 980; CREATE INDEX onek2_u2_prtl ON onek2 USING btree(unique2 int4_ops) where stringu1 < 'B'; CREATE INDEX onek2_stu1_prtl ON onek2 USING btree(stringu1 name_ops) where onek2.stringu1 >= 'J' and onek2.stringu1 < 'K'; -- -- GiST (rtree-equivalent opclasses only) -- CREATE TABLE slow_emp4000 ( home_base box ); CREATE TABLE fast_emp4000 ( home_base box ); \set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/rect.data' COPY slow_emp4000 FROM :'filename'; INSERT INTO fast_emp4000 SELECT * FROM slow_emp4000; ANALYZE slow_emp4000; ANALYZE fast_emp4000; CREATE INDEX grect2ind ON fast_emp4000 USING gist (home_base); -- we want to work with a point_tbl that includes a null CREATE TEMP TABLE point_tbl AS SELECT * FROM public.point_tbl; INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES (NULL); CREATE INDEX gpointind ON point_tbl USING gist (f1); CREATE TEMP TABLE gpolygon_tbl AS SELECT polygon(home_base) AS f1 FROM slow_emp4000; INSERT INTO gpolygon_tbl VALUES ( '(1000,0,0,1000)' ); INSERT INTO gpolygon_tbl VALUES ( '(0,1000,1000,1000)' ); CREATE TEMP TABLE gcircle_tbl AS SELECT circle(home_base) AS f1 FROM slow_emp4000; CREATE INDEX ggpolygonind ON gpolygon_tbl USING gist (f1); CREATE INDEX ggcircleind ON gcircle_tbl USING gist (f1); -- -- Test GiST indexes -- -- get non-indexed results for comparison purposes SET enable_seqscan = ON; SET enable_indexscan = OFF; SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF; SELECT * FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base <@ '(200,200),(2000,1000)'::box ORDER BY (home_base[0])[0]; home_base ----------------------- (337,455),(240,359) (1444,403),(1346,344) (2 rows) SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::box; count ------- 2 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base IS NULL; count ------- 278 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM gpolygon_tbl WHERE f1 && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::polygon; count ------- 2 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM gcircle_tbl WHERE f1 && '<(500,500),500>'::circle; count ------- 2 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ box '(0,0,100,100)'; count ------- 3 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE box '(0,0,100,100)' @> f1; count ------- 3 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ polygon '(0,0),(0,100),(100,100),(50,50),(100,0),(0,0)'; count ------- 5 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ circle '<(50,50),50>'; count ------- 1 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 << '(0.0, 0.0)'; count ------- 3 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 >> '(0.0, 0.0)'; count ------- 4 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 <<| '(0.0, 0.0)'; count ------- 1 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 |>> '(0.0, 0.0)'; count ------- 5 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 ~= '(-5, -12)'; count ------- 1 (1 row) SELECT * FROM point_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1'; f1 ------------------- (0,0) (1e-300,-1e-300) (-3,4) (-10,0) (10,10) (-5,-12) (5.1,34.5) (Infinity,1e+300) (1e+300,Infinity) (NaN,NaN) (11 rows) SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NULL; f1 ---- (1 row) SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1'; f1 ------------------- (0,0) (1e-300,-1e-300) (-3,4) (-10,0) (10,10) (-5,-12) (5.1,34.5) (1e+300,Infinity) (Infinity,1e+300) (NaN,NaN) (10 rows) SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(-10,-10),(10,10)':: box ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1'; f1 ------------------ (0,0) (1e-300,-1e-300) (-3,4) (-10,0) (10,10) (5 rows) SELECT * FROM gpolygon_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(0,0)'::point LIMIT 10; f1 ------------------------------------------------- ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359)) ((662,163),(662,187),(759,187),(759,163)) ((1000,0),(0,1000)) ((0,1000),(1000,1000)) ((1346,344),(1346,403),(1444,403),(1444,344)) ((278,1409),(278,1457),(369,1457),(369,1409)) ((907,1156),(907,1201),(948,1201),(948,1156)) ((1517,971),(1517,1043),(1594,1043),(1594,971)) ((175,1820),(175,1850),(259,1850),(259,1820)) ((2424,81),(2424,160),(2424,160),(2424,81)) (10 rows) SELECT circle_center(f1), round(radius(f1)) as radius FROM gcircle_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(200,300)'::point LIMIT 10; circle_center | radius ----------------+-------- (288.5,407) | 68 (710.5,175) | 50 (323.5,1433) | 51 (927.5,1178.5) | 30 (1395,373.5) | 57 (1555.5,1007) | 53 (217,1835) | 45 (489,2421.5) | 22 (2424,120.5) | 40 (751.5,2655) | 20 (10 rows) -- Now check the results from plain indexscan SET enable_seqscan = OFF; SET enable_indexscan = ON; SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF; EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base <@ '(200,200),(2000,1000)'::box ORDER BY (home_base[0])[0]; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------- Sort Sort Key: ((home_base[0])[0]) -> Index Only Scan using grect2ind on fast_emp4000 Index Cond: (home_base <@ '(2000,1000),(200,200)'::box) (4 rows) SELECT * FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base <@ '(200,200),(2000,1000)'::box ORDER BY (home_base[0])[0]; home_base ----------------------- (337,455),(240,359) (1444,403),(1346,344) (2 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::box; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------- Aggregate -> Index Only Scan using grect2ind on fast_emp4000 Index Cond: (home_base && '(1000,1000),(0,0)'::box) (3 rows) SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::box; count ------- 2 (1 row) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base IS NULL; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------- Aggregate -> Index Only Scan using grect2ind on fast_emp4000 Index Cond: (home_base IS NULL) (3 rows) SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base IS NULL; count ------- 278 (1 row) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM gpolygon_tbl WHERE f1 && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::polygon; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------ Aggregate -> Index Scan using ggpolygonind on gpolygon_tbl Index Cond: (f1 && '((1000,1000),(0,0))'::polygon) (3 rows) SELECT count(*) FROM gpolygon_tbl WHERE f1 && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::polygon; count ------- 2 (1 row) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM gcircle_tbl WHERE f1 && '<(500,500),500>'::circle; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------- Aggregate -> Index Scan using ggcircleind on gcircle_tbl Index Cond: (f1 && '<(500,500),500>'::circle) (3 rows) SELECT count(*) FROM gcircle_tbl WHERE f1 && '<(500,500),500>'::circle; count ------- 2 (1 row) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ box '(0,0,100,100)'; QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------- Aggregate -> Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl Index Cond: (f1 <@ '(100,100),(0,0)'::box) (3 rows) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ box '(0,0,100,100)'; count ------- 3 (1 row) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE box '(0,0,100,100)' @> f1; QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------- Aggregate -> Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl Index Cond: (f1 <@ '(100,100),(0,0)'::box) (3 rows) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE box '(0,0,100,100)' @> f1; count ------- 3 (1 row) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ polygon '(0,0),(0,100),(100,100),(50,50),(100,0),(0,0)'; QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Aggregate -> Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl Index Cond: (f1 <@ '((0,0),(0,100),(100,100),(50,50),(100,0),(0,0))'::polygon) (3 rows) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ polygon '(0,0),(0,100),(100,100),(50,50),(100,0),(0,0)'; count ------- 4 (1 row) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ circle '<(50,50),50>'; QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------- Aggregate -> Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl Index Cond: (f1 <@ '<(50,50),50>'::circle) (3 rows) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ circle '<(50,50),50>'; count ------- 1 (1 row) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 << '(0.0, 0.0)'; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------ Aggregate -> Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl p Index Cond: (f1 << '(0,0)'::point) (3 rows) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 << '(0.0, 0.0)'; count ------- 3 (1 row) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 >> '(0.0, 0.0)'; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------ Aggregate -> Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl p Index Cond: (f1 >> '(0,0)'::point) (3 rows) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 >> '(0.0, 0.0)'; count ------- 4 (1 row) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 <<| '(0.0, 0.0)'; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------ Aggregate -> Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl p Index Cond: (f1 <<| '(0,0)'::point) (3 rows) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 <<| '(0.0, 0.0)'; count ------- 1 (1 row) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 |>> '(0.0, 0.0)'; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------ Aggregate -> Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl p Index Cond: (f1 |>> '(0,0)'::point) (3 rows) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 |>> '(0.0, 0.0)'; count ------- 5 (1 row) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 ~= '(-5, -12)'; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------ Aggregate -> Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl p Index Cond: (f1 ~= '(-5,-12)'::point) (3 rows) SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 ~= '(-5, -12)'; count ------- 1 (1 row) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM point_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1'; QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl Order By: (f1 <-> '(0,1)'::point) (2 rows) SELECT * FROM point_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1'; f1 ------------------- (1e-300,-1e-300) (0,0) (-3,4) (-10,0) (10,10) (-5,-12) (5.1,34.5) (Infinity,1e+300) (1e+300,Infinity) (NaN,NaN) (11 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NULL; QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl Index Cond: (f1 IS NULL) (2 rows) SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NULL; f1 ---- (1 row) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1'; QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL) Order By: (f1 <-> '(0,1)'::point) (3 rows) SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1'; f1 ------------------- (1e-300,-1e-300) (0,0) (-3,4) (-10,0) (10,10) (-5,-12) (5.1,34.5) (Infinity,1e+300) (1e+300,Infinity) (NaN,NaN) (10 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(-10,-10),(10,10)':: box ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1'; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------ Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl Index Cond: (f1 <@ '(10,10),(-10,-10)'::box) Order By: (f1 <-> '(0,1)'::point) (3 rows) SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(-10,-10),(10,10)':: box ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1'; f1 ------------------ (1e-300,-1e-300) (0,0) (-3,4) (-10,0) (10,10) (5 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gpolygon_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(0,0)'::point LIMIT 10; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------- Limit -> Index Scan using ggpolygonind on gpolygon_tbl Order By: (f1 <-> '(0,0)'::point) (3 rows) SELECT * FROM gpolygon_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(0,0)'::point LIMIT 10; f1 ------------------------------------------------- ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359)) ((662,163),(662,187),(759,187),(759,163)) ((1000,0),(0,1000)) ((0,1000),(1000,1000)) ((1346,344),(1346,403),(1444,403),(1444,344)) ((278,1409),(278,1457),(369,1457),(369,1409)) ((907,1156),(907,1201),(948,1201),(948,1156)) ((1517,971),(1517,1043),(1594,1043),(1594,971)) ((175,1820),(175,1850),(259,1850),(259,1820)) ((2424,81),(2424,160),(2424,160),(2424,81)) (10 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT circle_center(f1), round(radius(f1)) as radius FROM gcircle_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(200,300)'::point LIMIT 10; QUERY PLAN --------------------------------------------------- Limit -> Index Scan using ggcircleind on gcircle_tbl Order By: (f1 <-> '(200,300)'::point) (3 rows) SELECT circle_center(f1), round(radius(f1)) as radius FROM gcircle_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(200,300)'::point LIMIT 10; circle_center | radius ----------------+-------- (288.5,407) | 68 (710.5,175) | 50 (323.5,1433) | 51 (927.5,1178.5) | 30 (1395,373.5) | 57 (1555.5,1007) | 53 (217,1835) | 45 (489,2421.5) | 22 (2424,120.5) | 40 (751.5,2655) | 20 (10 rows) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT point(x,x), (SELECT f1 FROM gpolygon_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> point(x,x) LIMIT 1) as c FROM generate_series(0,10,1) x; QUERY PLAN -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Function Scan on generate_series x SubPlan 1 -> Limit -> Index Scan using ggpolygonind on gpolygon_tbl Order By: (f1 <-> point((x.x)::double precision, (x.x)::double precision)) (5 rows) SELECT point(x,x), (SELECT f1 FROM gpolygon_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> point(x,x) LIMIT 1) as c FROM generate_series(0,10,1) x; point | c ---------+------------------------------------------- (0,0) | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359)) (1,1) | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359)) (2,2) | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359)) (3,3) | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359)) (4,4) | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359)) (5,5) | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359)) (6,6) | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359)) (7,7) | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359)) (8,8) | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359)) (9,9) | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359)) (10,10) | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359)) (11 rows) -- Now check the results from bitmap indexscan SET enable_seqscan = OFF; SET enable_indexscan = OFF; SET enable_bitmapscan = ON; EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(-10,-10),(10,10)':: box ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1'; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------ Sort Sort Key: ((f1 <-> '(0,1)'::point)) -> Bitmap Heap Scan on point_tbl Recheck Cond: (f1 <@ '(10,10),(-10,-10)'::box) -> Bitmap Index Scan on gpointind Index Cond: (f1 <@ '(10,10),(-10,-10)'::box) (6 rows) SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(-10,-10),(10,10)':: box ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1'; f1 ------------------ (0,0) (1e-300,-1e-300) (-3,4) (-10,0) (10,10) (5 rows) RESET enable_seqscan; RESET enable_indexscan; RESET enable_bitmapscan; -- -- GIN over int[] and text[] -- -- Note: GIN currently supports only bitmap scans, not plain indexscans -- CREATE TABLE array_index_op_test ( seqno int4, i int4[], t text[] ); \set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/array.data' COPY array_index_op_test FROM :'filename'; ANALYZE array_index_op_test; SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i = '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+--------+-------- 102 | {NULL} | {NULL} (1 row) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+---+--- (0 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+---+--- (0 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i <@ '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+----+---- 101 | {} | {} (1 row) SET enable_seqscan = OFF; SET enable_indexscan = OFF; SET enable_bitmapscan = ON; CREATE INDEX intarrayidx ON array_index_op_test USING gin (i); explain (costs off) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{32}' ORDER BY seqno; QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------- Sort Sort Key: seqno -> Bitmap Heap Scan on array_index_op_test Recheck Cond: (i @> '{32}'::integer[]) -> Bitmap Index Scan on intarrayidx Index Cond: (i @> '{32}'::integer[]) (6 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{32}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657} 74 | {32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956} 77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066} 89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88} | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673} 98 | {38,34,32,89} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845} 100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30} | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523} (6 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{32}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657} 74 | {32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956} 77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066} 89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88} | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673} 98 | {38,34,32,89} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845} 100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30} | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523} (6 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{17}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657} 12 | {17,99,18,52,91,72,0,43,96,23} | {AAAAA33250,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420,AAAAAAAAAAA33576} 15 | {17,14,16,63,67} | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309} 19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938} 53 | {38,17} | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658} 65 | {61,5,76,59,17} | {AAAAAA99807,AAAAA64741,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AA21643,AAAAAAAAA10012} 77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066} 89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88} | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673} (8 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{17}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657} 12 | {17,99,18,52,91,72,0,43,96,23} | {AAAAA33250,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420,AAAAAAAAAAA33576} 15 | {17,14,16,63,67} | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309} 19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938} 53 | {38,17} | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658} 65 | {61,5,76,59,17} | {AAAAAA99807,AAAAA64741,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AA21643,AAAAAAAAA10012} 77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066} 89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88} | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673} (8 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{32,17}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657} 77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066} 89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88} | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673} (3 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{32,17}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657} 12 | {17,99,18,52,91,72,0,43,96,23} | {AAAAA33250,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420,AAAAAAAAAAA33576} 15 | {17,14,16,63,67} | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309} 19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938} 53 | {38,17} | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658} 65 | {61,5,76,59,17} | {AAAAAA99807,AAAAA64741,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AA21643,AAAAAAAAA10012} 74 | {32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956} 77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066} 89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88} | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673} 98 | {38,34,32,89} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845} 100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30} | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523} (11 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i <@ '{38,34,32,89}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 | {34} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAA70466,AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAA74623} 74 | {32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956} 98 | {38,34,32,89} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845} 101 | {} | {} (4 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i = '{47,77}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95 | {47,77} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAAAAA18107,AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAA56483} (1 row) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i = '{}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+----+---- 101 | {} | {} (1 row) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+---------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | {92,75,71,52,64,83} | {AAAAAAAA44066,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAAA48038} 2 | {3,6} | {AAAAAA98232,AAAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAA12793} 3 | {37,64,95,43,3,41,13,30,11,43} | {AAAAAAAAAA48845,AAAAA75968,AAAAA95309,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA99836,A96617,AA17009,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA95246} 4 | {71,39,99,55,33,75,45} | {AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAA99043,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,39557} 5 | {50,42,77,50,4} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104} 6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657} 7 | {12,51,88,64,8} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946} 8 | {60,84} | {AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAAAAAA81511,AAAAA961,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAA64741,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407} 9 | {56,52,35,27,80,44,81,22} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA73034,AAAAAAAAAAAAA7929,AAAAAAA66161,AA88409,39557,A27153,AAAAAAAA9523,AAAAAAAAAAA99000} 10 | {71,5,45} | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658,AAAAAAAAAAAA21089,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA54141,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAA21658,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAAAA27249} 11 | {41,86,74,48,22,74,47,50} | {AAAAAAAA9523,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAA62737,39557} 12 | {17,99,18,52,91,72,0,43,96,23} | {AAAAA33250,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420,AAAAAAAAAAA33576} 13 | {3,52,34,23} | {AAAAAA98232,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAAAAA21658} 14 | {78,57,19} | {AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA73034,AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909} 15 | {17,14,16,63,67} | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309} 16 | {14,63,85,11} | {AAAAAA66777} 17 | {7,10,81,85} | {AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAA12144,AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356} 18 | {1} | {AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AAAAA95309,64261,AAA59323,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA95246,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA64374} 19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938} 20 | {72,89,70,51,54,37,8,49,79} | {AAAAAA58494} 21 | {2,8,65,10,5,79,43} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA88852,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAA64669,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1443,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAA12179,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA88852,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA41303,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420} 22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30} | {AAAAAAAA72908} 23 | {40,90,5,38,72,40,30,10,43,55} | {A6053,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AA17009,AAAAA17383,AAAAA70514,AAAAA33250,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562} 24 | {94,61,99,35,48} | {AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAA85070,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAA961,AAAAAAAAAA55219} 25 | {31,1,10,11,27,79,38} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,45449} 26 | {71,10,9,69,75} | {47735,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAAAAAA72121,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAA41597,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356,AA17009} 27 | {94} | {AA6416,A6053,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254} 28 | {14,33,6,34,14} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAAAAAAA69452,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AAAAAAA12144,AAAAAAAAA72121,AAAAAAAAAA18601} 29 | {39,21} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA38885,AAAA85070,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007,AAAAAAAA69452,AAAAAAA1242,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAA35194} 30 | {26,81,47,91,34} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAA80240} 31 | {80,24,18,21,54} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,A27153,AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407,A68938} 32 | {58,79,82,80,67,75,98,10,41} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA87527,A96617,51533} 33 | {74,73} | {A85417,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62159,AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAAAAAAAAAAA85723,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796} 34 | {70,45} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAA55219,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA1242} 35 | {23,40} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAA48949,AAAAAAAAA34727,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA62179,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAA91194,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084} 36 | {79,82,14,52,30,5,79} | {AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA81326,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598} 37 | {53,11,81,39,3,78,58,64,74} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAA66161,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611} 38 | {59,5,4,95,28} | {AAAAAAAAAAA82945,A96617,47735,AAAAA12179,AAAAA64669,AAAAAA99807,AA74433,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387} 39 | {82,43,99,16,74} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,A27153,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAA81511,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620} 40 | {34} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAA70466,AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAA74623} 41 | {19,26,63,12,93,73,27,94} | {AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAA55219,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666} 42 | {15,76,82,75,8,91} | {AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAA38063,45449,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAA81898,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA62179,45449,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAA81587} 43 | {39,87,91,97,79,28} | {AAAAAAAAAAA74076,A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946} 44 | {40,58,68,29,54} | {AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAA98232} 45 | {99,45} | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611} 46 | {53,24} | {AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAA54032,AAAAA17383,AAAA48949,AAAAAAAAAA18601,AAAAA64669,45449,AAAAAAAAAAA98051,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621} 47 | {98,23,64,12,75,61} | {AAA59323,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562,AAAAAA1059,A84822,55847,AAAAA70466} 48 | {76,14} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA59671,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA40402,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037} 49 | {56,5,54,37,49} | {AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA81587} 50 | {20,12,37,64,93} | {AAAAAAAAAA5483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955} 51 | {47} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAA81587,AA6416,AAAA91194,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAA69452} 52 | {89,0} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA70466,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AA66862} 53 | {38,17} | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658} 54 | {70,47} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA54141,AAAAA40681,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAA41597,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AA15322} 55 | {47,79,47,64,72,25,71,24,93} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AAAAA62737} 56 | {33,7,60,54,93,90,77,85,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AA42406} 57 | {23,45,10,42,36,21,9,96} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415} 58 | {92} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAA6119} 59 | {9,69,46,77} | {39557,AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAA20874,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955} 60 | {62,2,59,38,89} | {AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356,AA99927,AA17009,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875} 61 | {72,2,44,95,54,54,13} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804} 62 | {83,72,29,73} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA15097,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAA35809,AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA38885,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA24183,AAAAAA43678,A96617} 63 | {11,4,61,87} | {AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAA20874,39557,51533,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAAA78938} 64 | {26,19,34,24,81,78} | {A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AA17009,AAAAAAA80240} 65 | {61,5,76,59,17} | {AAAAAA99807,AAAAA64741,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AA21643,AAAAAAAAA10012} 66 | {31,23,70,52,4,33,48,25} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAA35194,39557,AAAAAAA99836} 67 | {31,94,7,10} | {AAAAAA38063,A96617,AAAA35194,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946} 68 | {90,43,38} | {AA75092,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAA7929,AA21643} 69 | {67,35,99,85,72,86,44} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955} 70 | {56,70,83} | {AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAA99000,A27153,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAA1242} 71 | {74,26} | {AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AA74433,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254,AAAAAAAAAA43419,39557} 72 | {22,1,16,78,20,91,83} | {47735,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAA93788,AA42406,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407} 73 | {88,25,96,78,65,15,29,19} | {AAA54451,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598} 74 | {32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956} 75 | {12,96,83,24,71,89,55} | {AAAA48949,AAAAAAAA29716,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAA28075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052} 76 | {92,55,10,7} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062} 77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066} 78 | {55,89,44,84,34} | {AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666,AA99927,AA42406,AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620} 79 | {45} | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908} 80 | {74,89,44,80,0} | {AAAA35194,AAAAAAAA79710,AAA20874,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007} 81 | {63,77,54,48,61,53,97} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA81326,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAAAAA72121} 82 | {34,60,4,79,78,16,86,89,42,50} | {AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104} 83 | {14,10} | {AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254,AAAAAAAAAAA6119} 84 | {11,83,35,13,96,94} | {AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA24183} 85 | {39,60} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA66161,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,55847,AAAAAA98232,AAAAAAAAAAA46154} 86 | {33,81,72,74,45,36,82} | {AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,45449,AAAA80176} 87 | {57,27,50,12,97,68} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAA35809,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AAAAAA66777,31228,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505} 88 | {41,90,77,24,6,24} | {AAAA35194,AAAA35194,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AA74433} 89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88} | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673} 90 | {88,75} | {AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAA99000,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526} 91 | {78} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007,AAA99043} 92 | {85,63,49,45} | {AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAAA21089} 93 | {11} | {AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AAAAAAAAAAAAA85723,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAAAA9821,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387,AA99927,AAAAA17383} 94 | {98,9,85,62,88,91,60,61,38,86} | {AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAA81587} 95 | {47,77} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAAAAA18107,AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAA56483} 96 | {23,97,43} | {AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088} 97 | {54,2,86,65} | {47735,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA39692,AA21643} 98 | {38,34,32,89} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845} 99 | {37,86} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAA70514,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356} 100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30} | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523} 101 | {} | {} 102 | {NULL} | {NULL} (102 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+---+--- (0 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i <@ '{}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+----+---- 101 | {} | {} (1 row) CREATE INDEX textarrayidx ON array_index_op_test USING gin (t); explain (costs off) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908}' ORDER BY seqno; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------ Sort Sort Key: seqno -> Bitmap Heap Scan on array_index_op_test Recheck Cond: (t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908}'::text[]) -> Bitmap Index Scan on textarrayidx Index Cond: (t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908}'::text[]) (6 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30} | {AAAAAAAA72908} 45 | {99,45} | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611} 72 | {22,1,16,78,20,91,83} | {47735,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAA93788,AA42406,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407} 79 | {45} | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908} (4 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAA72908}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30} | {AAAAAAAA72908} 45 | {99,45} | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611} 72 | {22,1,16,78,20,91,83} | {47735,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAA93788,AA42406,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407} 79 | {45} | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908} (4 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 | {17,14,16,63,67} | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309} 79 | {45} | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908} 96 | {23,97,43} | {AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088} (3 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 | {17,14,16,63,67} | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309} 79 | {45} | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908} 96 | {23,97,43} | {AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088} (3 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------- 79 | {45} | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908} (1 row) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 | {17,14,16,63,67} | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309} 22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30} | {AAAAAAAA72908} 45 | {99,45} | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611} 72 | {22,1,16,78,20,91,83} | {47735,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAA93788,AA42406,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407} 79 | {45} | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908} 96 | {23,97,43} | {AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088} (6 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t <@ '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30} | {AAAAAAAA72908} 45 | {99,45} | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611} 101 | {} | {} (3 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t = '{AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+------------+------------------------ 96 | {23,97,43} | {AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088} (1 row) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t = '{}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+----+---- 101 | {} | {} (1 row) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+---------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | {92,75,71,52,64,83} | {AAAAAAAA44066,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAAA48038} 2 | {3,6} | {AAAAAA98232,AAAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAA12793} 3 | {37,64,95,43,3,41,13,30,11,43} | {AAAAAAAAAA48845,AAAAA75968,AAAAA95309,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA99836,A96617,AA17009,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA95246} 4 | {71,39,99,55,33,75,45} | {AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAA99043,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,39557} 5 | {50,42,77,50,4} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104} 6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657} 7 | {12,51,88,64,8} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946} 8 | {60,84} | {AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAAAAAA81511,AAAAA961,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAA64741,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407} 9 | {56,52,35,27,80,44,81,22} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA73034,AAAAAAAAAAAAA7929,AAAAAAA66161,AA88409,39557,A27153,AAAAAAAA9523,AAAAAAAAAAA99000} 10 | {71,5,45} | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658,AAAAAAAAAAAA21089,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA54141,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAA21658,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAAAA27249} 11 | {41,86,74,48,22,74,47,50} | {AAAAAAAA9523,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAA62737,39557} 12 | {17,99,18,52,91,72,0,43,96,23} | {AAAAA33250,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420,AAAAAAAAAAA33576} 13 | {3,52,34,23} | {AAAAAA98232,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAAAAA21658} 14 | {78,57,19} | {AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA73034,AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909} 15 | {17,14,16,63,67} | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309} 16 | {14,63,85,11} | {AAAAAA66777} 17 | {7,10,81,85} | {AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAA12144,AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356} 18 | {1} | {AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AAAAA95309,64261,AAA59323,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA95246,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA64374} 19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938} 20 | {72,89,70,51,54,37,8,49,79} | {AAAAAA58494} 21 | {2,8,65,10,5,79,43} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA88852,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAA64669,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1443,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAA12179,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA88852,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA41303,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420} 22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30} | {AAAAAAAA72908} 23 | {40,90,5,38,72,40,30,10,43,55} | {A6053,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AA17009,AAAAA17383,AAAAA70514,AAAAA33250,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562} 24 | {94,61,99,35,48} | {AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAA85070,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAA961,AAAAAAAAAA55219} 25 | {31,1,10,11,27,79,38} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,45449} 26 | {71,10,9,69,75} | {47735,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAAAAAA72121,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAA41597,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356,AA17009} 27 | {94} | {AA6416,A6053,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254} 28 | {14,33,6,34,14} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAAAAAAA69452,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AAAAAAA12144,AAAAAAAAA72121,AAAAAAAAAA18601} 29 | {39,21} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA38885,AAAA85070,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007,AAAAAAAA69452,AAAAAAA1242,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAA35194} 30 | {26,81,47,91,34} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAA80240} 31 | {80,24,18,21,54} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,A27153,AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407,A68938} 32 | {58,79,82,80,67,75,98,10,41} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA87527,A96617,51533} 33 | {74,73} | {A85417,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62159,AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAAAAAAAAAAA85723,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796} 34 | {70,45} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAA55219,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA1242} 35 | {23,40} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAA48949,AAAAAAAAA34727,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA62179,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAA91194,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084} 36 | {79,82,14,52,30,5,79} | {AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA81326,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598} 37 | {53,11,81,39,3,78,58,64,74} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAA66161,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611} 38 | {59,5,4,95,28} | {AAAAAAAAAAA82945,A96617,47735,AAAAA12179,AAAAA64669,AAAAAA99807,AA74433,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387} 39 | {82,43,99,16,74} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,A27153,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAA81511,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620} 40 | {34} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAA70466,AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAA74623} 41 | {19,26,63,12,93,73,27,94} | {AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAA55219,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666} 42 | {15,76,82,75,8,91} | {AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAA38063,45449,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAA81898,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA62179,45449,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAA81587} 43 | {39,87,91,97,79,28} | {AAAAAAAAAAA74076,A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946} 44 | {40,58,68,29,54} | {AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAA98232} 45 | {99,45} | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611} 46 | {53,24} | {AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAA54032,AAAAA17383,AAAA48949,AAAAAAAAAA18601,AAAAA64669,45449,AAAAAAAAAAA98051,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621} 47 | {98,23,64,12,75,61} | {AAA59323,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562,AAAAAA1059,A84822,55847,AAAAA70466} 48 | {76,14} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA59671,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA40402,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037} 49 | {56,5,54,37,49} | {AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA81587} 50 | {20,12,37,64,93} | {AAAAAAAAAA5483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955} 51 | {47} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAA81587,AA6416,AAAA91194,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAA69452} 52 | {89,0} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA70466,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AA66862} 53 | {38,17} | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658} 54 | {70,47} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA54141,AAAAA40681,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAA41597,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AA15322} 55 | {47,79,47,64,72,25,71,24,93} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AAAAA62737} 56 | {33,7,60,54,93,90,77,85,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AA42406} 57 | {23,45,10,42,36,21,9,96} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415} 58 | {92} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAA6119} 59 | {9,69,46,77} | {39557,AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAA20874,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955} 60 | {62,2,59,38,89} | {AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356,AA99927,AA17009,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875} 61 | {72,2,44,95,54,54,13} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804} 62 | {83,72,29,73} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA15097,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAA35809,AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA38885,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA24183,AAAAAA43678,A96617} 63 | {11,4,61,87} | {AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAA20874,39557,51533,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAAA78938} 64 | {26,19,34,24,81,78} | {A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AA17009,AAAAAAA80240} 65 | {61,5,76,59,17} | {AAAAAA99807,AAAAA64741,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AA21643,AAAAAAAAA10012} 66 | {31,23,70,52,4,33,48,25} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAA35194,39557,AAAAAAA99836} 67 | {31,94,7,10} | {AAAAAA38063,A96617,AAAA35194,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946} 68 | {90,43,38} | {AA75092,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAA7929,AA21643} 69 | {67,35,99,85,72,86,44} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955} 70 | {56,70,83} | {AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAA99000,A27153,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAA1242} 71 | {74,26} | {AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AA74433,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254,AAAAAAAAAA43419,39557} 72 | {22,1,16,78,20,91,83} | {47735,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAA93788,AA42406,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407} 73 | {88,25,96,78,65,15,29,19} | {AAA54451,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598} 74 | {32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956} 75 | {12,96,83,24,71,89,55} | {AAAA48949,AAAAAAAA29716,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAA28075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052} 76 | {92,55,10,7} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062} 77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066} 78 | {55,89,44,84,34} | {AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666,AA99927,AA42406,AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620} 79 | {45} | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908} 80 | {74,89,44,80,0} | {AAAA35194,AAAAAAAA79710,AAA20874,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007} 81 | {63,77,54,48,61,53,97} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA81326,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAAAAA72121} 82 | {34,60,4,79,78,16,86,89,42,50} | {AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104} 83 | {14,10} | {AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254,AAAAAAAAAAA6119} 84 | {11,83,35,13,96,94} | {AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA24183} 85 | {39,60} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA66161,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,55847,AAAAAA98232,AAAAAAAAAAA46154} 86 | {33,81,72,74,45,36,82} | {AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,45449,AAAA80176} 87 | {57,27,50,12,97,68} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAA35809,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AAAAAA66777,31228,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505} 88 | {41,90,77,24,6,24} | {AAAA35194,AAAA35194,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AA74433} 89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88} | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673} 90 | {88,75} | {AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAA99000,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526} 91 | {78} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007,AAA99043} 92 | {85,63,49,45} | {AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAAA21089} 93 | {11} | {AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AAAAAAAAAAAAA85723,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAAAA9821,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387,AA99927,AAAAA17383} 94 | {98,9,85,62,88,91,60,61,38,86} | {AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAA81587} 95 | {47,77} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAAAAA18107,AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAA56483} 96 | {23,97,43} | {AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088} 97 | {54,2,86,65} | {47735,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA39692,AA21643} 98 | {38,34,32,89} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845} 99 | {37,86} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAA70514,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356} 100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30} | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523} 101 | {} | {} 102 | {NULL} | {NULL} (102 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t && '{}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+---+--- (0 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t <@ '{}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+----+---- 101 | {} | {} (1 row) -- And try it with a multicolumn GIN index DROP INDEX intarrayidx, textarrayidx; CREATE INDEX botharrayidx ON array_index_op_test USING gin (i, t); SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{32}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657} 74 | {32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956} 77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066} 89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88} | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673} 98 | {38,34,32,89} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845} 100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30} | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523} (6 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{32}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657} 74 | {32} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956} 77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066} 89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88} | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673} 98 | {38,34,32,89} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845} 100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30} | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523} (6 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAA80240}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+--------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938} 30 | {26,81,47,91,34} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAA80240} 64 | {26,19,34,24,81,78} | {A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AA17009,AAAAAAA80240} 82 | {34,60,4,79,78,16,86,89,42,50} | {AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104} 88 | {41,90,77,24,6,24} | {AAAA35194,AAAA35194,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AA74433} 97 | {54,2,86,65} | {47735,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA39692,AA21643} 100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30} | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523} (7 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAA80240}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+--------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938} 30 | {26,81,47,91,34} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAA80240} 64 | {26,19,34,24,81,78} | {A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AA17009,AAAAAAA80240} 82 | {34,60,4,79,78,16,86,89,42,50} | {AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104} 88 | {41,90,77,24,6,24} | {AAAA35194,AAAA35194,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AA74433} 97 | {54,2,86,65} | {47735,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA39692,AA21643} 100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30} | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523} (7 rows) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{32}' AND t && '{AAAAAAA80240}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+-----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30} | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523} (1 row) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{32}' AND t @> '{AAAAAAA80240}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+-----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30} | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523} (1 row) SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t = '{}' ORDER BY seqno; seqno | i | t -------+----+---- 101 | {} | {} (1 row) RESET enable_seqscan; RESET enable_indexscan; RESET enable_bitmapscan; -- -- Try a GIN index with a lot of items with same key. (GIN creates a posting -- tree when there are enough duplicates) -- CREATE TABLE array_gin_test (a int[]); INSERT INTO array_gin_test SELECT ARRAY[1, g%5, g] FROM generate_series(1, 10000) g; CREATE INDEX array_gin_test_idx ON array_gin_test USING gin (a); SELECT COUNT(*) FROM array_gin_test WHERE a @> '{2}'; count ------- 2000 (1 row) DROP TABLE array_gin_test; -- -- Test GIN index's reloptions -- CREATE INDEX gin_relopts_test ON array_index_op_test USING gin (i) WITH (FASTUPDATE=on, GIN_PENDING_LIST_LIMIT=128); \d+ gin_relopts_test Index "public.gin_relopts_test" Column | Type | Key? | Definition | Storage | Stats target --------+---------+------+------------+---------+-------------- i | integer | yes | i | plain | gin, for table "public.array_index_op_test" Options: fastupdate=on, gin_pending_list_limit=128 -- -- HASH -- CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged_hash_table (id int4); CREATE INDEX unlogged_hash_index ON unlogged_hash_table USING hash (id int4_ops); DROP TABLE unlogged_hash_table; -- CREATE INDEX hash_ovfl_index ON hash_ovfl_heap USING hash (x int4_ops); -- Test hash index build tuplesorting. Force hash tuplesort using low -- maintenance_work_mem setting and fillfactor: SET maintenance_work_mem = '1MB'; CREATE INDEX hash_tuplesort_idx ON tenk1 USING hash (stringu1 name_ops) WITH (fillfactor = 10); EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1 WHERE stringu1 = 'TVAAAA'; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------- Aggregate -> Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 Recheck Cond: (stringu1 = 'TVAAAA'::name) -> Bitmap Index Scan on hash_tuplesort_idx Index Cond: (stringu1 = 'TVAAAA'::name) (5 rows) SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1 WHERE stringu1 = 'TVAAAA'; count ------- 14 (1 row) DROP INDEX hash_tuplesort_idx; RESET maintenance_work_mem; -- -- Test unique null behavior -- CREATE TABLE unique_tbl (i int, t text); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx1 ON unique_tbl (i) NULLS DISTINCT; CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx2 ON unique_tbl (i) NULLS NOT DISTINCT; INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (1, 'one'); INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (2, 'two'); INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'three'); INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (4, 'four'); INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (5, 'one'); INSERT INTO unique_tbl (t) VALUES ('six'); INSERT INTO unique_tbl (t) VALUES ('seven'); -- error from unique_idx2 ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_idx2" DETAIL: Key (i)=(null) already exists. DROP INDEX unique_idx1, unique_idx2; INSERT INTO unique_tbl (t) VALUES ('seven'); -- build indexes on filled table CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx3 ON unique_tbl (i) NULLS DISTINCT; -- ok CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx4 ON unique_tbl (i) NULLS NOT DISTINCT; -- error ERROR: could not create unique index "unique_idx4" DETAIL: Key (i)=(null) is duplicated. DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE t = 'seven'; CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx4 ON unique_tbl (i) NULLS NOT DISTINCT; -- ok now \d unique_tbl Table "public.unique_tbl" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+---------+-----------+----------+--------- i | integer | | | t | text | | | Indexes: "unique_idx3" UNIQUE, btree (i) "unique_idx4" UNIQUE, btree (i) NULLS NOT DISTINCT \d unique_idx3 Index "public.unique_idx3" Column | Type | Key? | Definition --------+---------+------+------------ i | integer | yes | i unique, btree, for table "public.unique_tbl" \d unique_idx4 Index "public.unique_idx4" Column | Type | Key? | Definition --------+---------+------+------------ i | integer | yes | i unique nulls not distinct, btree, for table "public.unique_tbl" SELECT pg_get_indexdef('unique_idx3'::regclass); pg_get_indexdef ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx3 ON public.unique_tbl USING btree (i) (1 row) SELECT pg_get_indexdef('unique_idx4'::regclass); pg_get_indexdef ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx4 ON public.unique_tbl USING btree (i) NULLS NOT DISTINCT (1 row) DROP TABLE unique_tbl; -- -- Test functional index -- CREATE TABLE func_index_heap (f1 text, f2 text); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX func_index_index on func_index_heap (textcat(f1,f2)); INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('ABC','DEF'); INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('AB','CDEFG'); INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('QWE','RTY'); -- this should fail because of unique index: INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('ABCD', 'EF'); ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "func_index_index" DETAIL: Key (textcat(f1, f2))=(ABCDEF) already exists. -- but this shouldn't: INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('QWERTY'); -- while we're here, see that the metadata looks sane \d func_index_heap Table "public.func_index_heap" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+------+-----------+----------+--------- f1 | text | | | f2 | text | | | Indexes: "func_index_index" UNIQUE, btree (textcat(f1, f2)) \d func_index_index Index "public.func_index_index" Column | Type | Key? | Definition ---------+------+------+----------------- textcat | text | yes | textcat(f1, f2) unique, btree, for table "public.func_index_heap" -- -- Same test, expressional index -- DROP TABLE func_index_heap; CREATE TABLE func_index_heap (f1 text, f2 text); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX func_index_index on func_index_heap ((f1 || f2) text_ops); INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('ABC','DEF'); INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('AB','CDEFG'); INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('QWE','RTY'); -- this should fail because of unique index: INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('ABCD', 'EF'); ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "func_index_index" DETAIL: Key ((f1 || f2))=(ABCDEF) already exists. -- but this shouldn't: INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('QWERTY'); -- while we're here, see that the metadata looks sane \d func_index_heap Table "public.func_index_heap" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+------+-----------+----------+--------- f1 | text | | | f2 | text | | | Indexes: "func_index_index" UNIQUE, btree ((f1 || f2)) \d func_index_index Index "public.func_index_index" Column | Type | Key? | Definition --------+------+------+------------ expr | text | yes | (f1 || f2) unique, btree, for table "public.func_index_heap" -- this should fail because of unsafe column type (anonymous record) create index on func_index_heap ((f1 || f2), (row(f1, f2))); ERROR: column "row" has pseudo-type record -- -- Test unique index with included columns -- CREATE TABLE covering_index_heap (f1 int, f2 int, f3 text); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX covering_index_index on covering_index_heap (f1,f2) INCLUDE(f3); INSERT INTO covering_index_heap VALUES(1,1,'AAA'); INSERT INTO covering_index_heap VALUES(1,2,'AAA'); -- this should fail because of unique index on f1,f2: INSERT INTO covering_index_heap VALUES(1,2,'BBB'); ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "covering_index_index" DETAIL: Key (f1, f2)=(1, 2) already exists. -- and this shouldn't: INSERT INTO covering_index_heap VALUES(1,4,'AAA'); -- Try to build index on table that already contains data CREATE UNIQUE INDEX covering_pkey on covering_index_heap (f1,f2) INCLUDE(f3); -- Try to use existing covering index as primary key ALTER TABLE covering_index_heap ADD CONSTRAINT covering_pkey PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX covering_pkey; DROP TABLE covering_index_heap; -- -- Try some concurrent index builds -- -- Unfortunately this only tests about half the code paths because there are -- no concurrent updates happening to the table at the same time. CREATE TABLE concur_heap (f1 text, f2 text); -- empty table CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index1 ON concur_heap(f2,f1); CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS concur_index1 ON concur_heap(f2,f1); NOTICE: relation "concur_index1" already exists, skipping INSERT INTO concur_heap VALUES ('a','b'); INSERT INTO concur_heap VALUES ('b','b'); -- unique index CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index2 ON concur_heap(f1); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS concur_index2 ON concur_heap(f1); NOTICE: relation "concur_index2" already exists, skipping -- check if constraint is set up properly to be enforced INSERT INTO concur_heap VALUES ('b','x'); ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "concur_index2" DETAIL: Key (f1)=(b) already exists. -- check if constraint is enforced properly at build time CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index3 ON concur_heap(f2); ERROR: could not create unique index "concur_index3" DETAIL: Key (f2)=(b) is duplicated. -- test that expression indexes and partial indexes work concurrently CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index4 on concur_heap(f2) WHERE f1='a'; CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index5 on concur_heap(f2) WHERE f1='x'; -- here we also check that you can default the index name CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY on concur_heap((f2||f1)); -- You can't do a concurrent index build in a transaction BEGIN; CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index7 ON concur_heap(f1); ERROR: CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY cannot run inside a transaction block COMMIT; -- test where predicate is able to do a transactional update during -- a concurrent build before switching pg_index state flags. CREATE FUNCTION predicate_stable() RETURNS bool IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$ BEGIN EXECUTE 'SELECT txid_current()'; RETURN true; END; $$; CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index8 ON concur_heap (f1) WHERE predicate_stable(); DROP INDEX concur_index8; DROP FUNCTION predicate_stable(); -- But you can do a regular index build in a transaction BEGIN; CREATE INDEX std_index on concur_heap(f2); COMMIT; -- Failed builds are left invalid by VACUUM FULL, fixed by REINDEX VACUUM FULL concur_heap; REINDEX TABLE concur_heap; ERROR: could not create unique index "concur_index3" DETAIL: Key (f2)=(b) is duplicated. DELETE FROM concur_heap WHERE f1 = 'b'; VACUUM FULL concur_heap; \d concur_heap Table "public.concur_heap" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+------+-----------+----------+--------- f1 | text | | | f2 | text | | | Indexes: "concur_heap_expr_idx" btree ((f2 || f1)) "concur_index1" btree (f2, f1) "concur_index2" UNIQUE, btree (f1) "concur_index3" UNIQUE, btree (f2) INVALID "concur_index4" btree (f2) WHERE f1 = 'a'::text "concur_index5" btree (f2) WHERE f1 = 'x'::text "std_index" btree (f2) REINDEX TABLE concur_heap; \d concur_heap Table "public.concur_heap" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+------+-----------+----------+--------- f1 | text | | | f2 | text | | | Indexes: "concur_heap_expr_idx" btree ((f2 || f1)) "concur_index1" btree (f2, f1) "concur_index2" UNIQUE, btree (f1) "concur_index3" UNIQUE, btree (f2) "concur_index4" btree (f2) WHERE f1 = 'a'::text "concur_index5" btree (f2) WHERE f1 = 'x'::text "std_index" btree (f2) -- Temporary tables with concurrent builds and on-commit actions -- CONCURRENTLY used with CREATE INDEX and DROP INDEX is ignored. -- PRESERVE ROWS, the default. CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp (f1 int, f2 text) ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS; INSERT INTO concur_temp VALUES (1, 'foo'), (2, 'bar'); CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind ON concur_temp(f1); DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind; DROP TABLE concur_temp; -- ON COMMIT DROP BEGIN; CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp (f1 int, f2 text) ON COMMIT DROP; INSERT INTO concur_temp VALUES (1, 'foo'), (2, 'bar'); -- Fails when running in a transaction. CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind ON concur_temp(f1); ERROR: CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY cannot run inside a transaction block COMMIT; -- ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp (f1 int, f2 text) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS; INSERT INTO concur_temp VALUES (1, 'foo'), (2, 'bar'); CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind ON concur_temp(f1); DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind; DROP TABLE concur_temp; -- -- Try some concurrent index drops -- DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index2"; -- works DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF EXISTS "concur_index2"; -- notice NOTICE: index "concur_index2" does not exist, skipping -- failures DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index2", "concur_index3"; ERROR: DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY does not support dropping multiple objects BEGIN; DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index5"; ERROR: DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY cannot run inside a transaction block ROLLBACK; -- successes DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF EXISTS "concur_index3"; DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index4"; DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index5"; DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index1"; DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_heap_expr_idx"; \d concur_heap Table "public.concur_heap" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+------+-----------+----------+--------- f1 | text | | | f2 | text | | | Indexes: "std_index" btree (f2) DROP TABLE concur_heap; -- -- Test ADD CONSTRAINT USING INDEX -- CREATE TABLE cwi_test( a int , b varchar(10), c char); -- add some data so that all tests have something to work with. INSERT INTO cwi_test VALUES(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX cwi_uniq_idx ON cwi_test(a , b); ALTER TABLE cwi_test ADD primary key USING INDEX cwi_uniq_idx; \d cwi_test Table "public.cwi_test" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+-----------------------+-----------+----------+--------- a | integer | | not null | b | character varying(10) | | not null | c | character(1) | | | Indexes: "cwi_uniq_idx" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a, b) \d cwi_uniq_idx Index "public.cwi_uniq_idx" Column | Type | Key? | Definition --------+-----------------------+------+------------ a | integer | yes | a b | character varying(10) | yes | b primary key, btree, for table "public.cwi_test" CREATE UNIQUE INDEX cwi_uniq2_idx ON cwi_test(b , a); ALTER TABLE cwi_test DROP CONSTRAINT cwi_uniq_idx, ADD CONSTRAINT cwi_replaced_pkey PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX cwi_uniq2_idx; NOTICE: ALTER TABLE / ADD CONSTRAINT USING INDEX will rename index "cwi_uniq2_idx" to "cwi_replaced_pkey" \d cwi_test Table "public.cwi_test" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+-----------------------+-----------+----------+--------- a | integer | | not null | b | character varying(10) | | not null | c | character(1) | | | Indexes: "cwi_replaced_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (b, a) \d cwi_replaced_pkey Index "public.cwi_replaced_pkey" Column | Type | Key? | Definition --------+-----------------------+------+------------ b | character varying(10) | yes | b a | integer | yes | a primary key, btree, for table "public.cwi_test" DROP INDEX cwi_replaced_pkey; -- Should fail; a constraint depends on it ERROR: cannot drop index cwi_replaced_pkey because constraint cwi_replaced_pkey on table cwi_test requires it HINT: You can drop constraint cwi_replaced_pkey on table cwi_test instead. -- Check that non-default index options are rejected CREATE UNIQUE INDEX cwi_uniq3_idx ON cwi_test(a desc); ALTER TABLE cwi_test ADD UNIQUE USING INDEX cwi_uniq3_idx; -- fail ERROR: index "cwi_uniq3_idx" column number 1 does not have default sorting behavior LINE 1: ALTER TABLE cwi_test ADD UNIQUE USING INDEX cwi_uniq3_idx; ^ DETAIL: Cannot create a primary key or unique constraint using such an index. CREATE UNIQUE INDEX cwi_uniq4_idx ON cwi_test(b collate "POSIX"); ALTER TABLE cwi_test ADD UNIQUE USING INDEX cwi_uniq4_idx; -- fail ERROR: index "cwi_uniq4_idx" column number 1 does not have default sorting behavior LINE 1: ALTER TABLE cwi_test ADD UNIQUE USING INDEX cwi_uniq4_idx; ^ DETAIL: Cannot create a primary key or unique constraint using such an index. DROP TABLE cwi_test; -- ADD CONSTRAINT USING INDEX is forbidden on partitioned tables CREATE TABLE cwi_test(a int) PARTITION BY hash (a); create unique index on cwi_test (a); alter table cwi_test add primary key using index cwi_test_a_idx ; ERROR: ALTER TABLE / ADD CONSTRAINT USING INDEX is not supported on partitioned tables DROP TABLE cwi_test; -- PRIMARY KEY constraint cannot be backed by a NULLS NOT DISTINCT index CREATE TABLE cwi_test(a int, b int); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX cwi_a_nnd ON cwi_test (a) NULLS NOT DISTINCT; ALTER TABLE cwi_test ADD PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX cwi_a_nnd; ERROR: primary keys cannot use NULLS NOT DISTINCT indexes DROP TABLE cwi_test; -- -- Check handling of indexes on system columns -- CREATE TABLE syscol_table (a INT); -- System columns cannot be indexed CREATE INDEX ON syscolcol_table (ctid); ERROR: relation "syscolcol_table" does not exist -- nor used in expressions CREATE INDEX ON syscol_table ((ctid >= '(1000,0)')); ERROR: index creation on system columns is not supported -- nor used in predicates CREATE INDEX ON syscol_table (a) WHERE ctid >= '(1000,0)'; ERROR: index creation on system columns is not supported DROP TABLE syscol_table; -- -- Tests for IS NULL/IS NOT NULL with b-tree indexes -- CREATE TABLE onek_with_null AS SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek; INSERT INTO onek_with_null (unique1,unique2) VALUES (NULL, -1), (NULL, NULL); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX onek_nulltest ON onek_with_null (unique2,unique1); SET enable_seqscan = OFF; SET enable_indexscan = ON; SET enable_bitmapscan = ON; SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL; count ------- 2 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NULL; count ------- 1 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL; count ------- 1000 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NOT NULL; count ------- 1 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL AND unique1 > 500; count ------- 499 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique1 > 500; count ------- 0 (1 row) DROP INDEX onek_nulltest; CREATE UNIQUE INDEX onek_nulltest ON onek_with_null (unique2 desc,unique1); SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL; count ------- 2 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NULL; count ------- 1 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL; count ------- 1000 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NOT NULL; count ------- 1 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL AND unique1 > 500; count ------- 499 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique1 > 500; count ------- 0 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IN (-1, 0, 1); count ------- 1 (1 row) DROP INDEX onek_nulltest; CREATE UNIQUE INDEX onek_nulltest ON onek_with_null (unique2 desc nulls last,unique1); SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL; count ------- 2 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NULL; count ------- 1 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL; count ------- 1000 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NOT NULL; count ------- 1 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL AND unique1 > 500; count ------- 499 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique1 > 500; count ------- 0 (1 row) DROP INDEX onek_nulltest; CREATE UNIQUE INDEX onek_nulltest ON onek_with_null (unique2 nulls first,unique1); SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL; count ------- 2 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NULL; count ------- 1 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL; count ------- 1000 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NOT NULL; count ------- 1 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL AND unique1 > 500; count ------- 499 (1 row) SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique1 > 500; count ------- 0 (1 row) DROP INDEX onek_nulltest; -- Check initial-positioning logic too CREATE UNIQUE INDEX onek_nulltest ON onek_with_null (unique2); SET enable_seqscan = OFF; SET enable_indexscan = ON; SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF; SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 2; unique1 | unique2 ---------+--------- | -1 147 | 0 (2 rows) SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique2 >= -1 ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 2; unique1 | unique2 ---------+--------- | -1 147 | 0 (2 rows) SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique2 >= 0 ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 2; unique1 | unique2 ---------+--------- 147 | 0 931 | 1 (2 rows) SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null ORDER BY unique2 DESC LIMIT 2; unique1 | unique2 ---------+--------- | 278 | 999 (2 rows) SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique2 >= -1 ORDER BY unique2 DESC LIMIT 2; unique1 | unique2 ---------+--------- 278 | 999 0 | 998 (2 rows) SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique2 < 999 ORDER BY unique2 DESC LIMIT 2; unique1 | unique2 ---------+--------- 0 | 998 744 | 997 (2 rows) RESET enable_seqscan; RESET enable_indexscan; RESET enable_bitmapscan; DROP TABLE onek_with_null; -- -- Check bitmap index path planning -- EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE thousand = 42 AND (tenthous = 1 OR tenthous = 3 OR tenthous = 42); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 Recheck Cond: (((thousand = 42) AND (tenthous = 1)) OR ((thousand = 42) AND (tenthous = 3)) OR ((thousand = 42) AND (tenthous = 42))) -> BitmapOr -> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous Index Cond: ((thousand = 42) AND (tenthous = 1)) -> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous Index Cond: ((thousand = 42) AND (tenthous = 3)) -> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous Index Cond: ((thousand = 42) AND (tenthous = 42)) (9 rows) SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE thousand = 42 AND (tenthous = 1 OR tenthous = 3 OR tenthous = 42); unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 ---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+--------- 42 | 5530 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 84 | 85 | QBAAAA | SEIAAA | OOOOxx (1 row) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1 WHERE hundred = 42 AND (thousand = 42 OR thousand = 99); QUERY PLAN --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Aggregate -> Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 Recheck Cond: ((hundred = 42) AND ((thousand = 42) OR (thousand = 99))) -> BitmapAnd -> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_hundred Index Cond: (hundred = 42) -> BitmapOr -> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous Index Cond: (thousand = 42) -> Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous Index Cond: (thousand = 99) (11 rows) SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1 WHERE hundred = 42 AND (thousand = 42 OR thousand = 99); count ------- 10 (1 row) -- -- Check behavior with duplicate index column contents -- CREATE TABLE dupindexcols AS SELECT unique1 as id, stringu2::text as f1 FROM tenk1; CREATE INDEX dupindexcols_i ON dupindexcols (f1, id, f1 text_pattern_ops); ANALYZE dupindexcols; EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM dupindexcols WHERE f1 BETWEEN 'WA' AND 'ZZZ' and id < 1000 and f1 ~<~ 'YX'; QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Aggregate -> Bitmap Heap Scan on dupindexcols Recheck Cond: ((f1 >= 'WA'::text) AND (f1 <= 'ZZZ'::text) AND (id < 1000) AND (f1 ~<~ 'YX'::text)) -> Bitmap Index Scan on dupindexcols_i Index Cond: ((f1 >= 'WA'::text) AND (f1 <= 'ZZZ'::text) AND (id < 1000) AND (f1 ~<~ 'YX'::text)) (5 rows) SELECT count(*) FROM dupindexcols WHERE f1 BETWEEN 'WA' AND 'ZZZ' and id < 1000 and f1 ~<~ 'YX'; count ------- 97 (1 row) -- -- Check that index scans with =ANY indexquals return rows in index order -- explain (costs off) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 IN (1,42,7) ORDER BY unique1; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 Index Cond: (unique1 = ANY ('{1,42,7}'::integer[])) (2 rows) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 IN (1,42,7) ORDER BY unique1; unique1 --------- 1 7 42 (3 rows) -- Non-required array scan key on "tenthous": explain (costs off) SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1 WHERE thousand < 2 AND tenthous IN (1001,3000) ORDER BY thousand; QUERY PLAN -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 Index Cond: ((thousand < 2) AND (tenthous = ANY ('{1001,3000}'::integer[]))) (2 rows) SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1 WHERE thousand < 2 AND tenthous IN (1001,3000) ORDER BY thousand; thousand | tenthous ----------+---------- 0 | 3000 1 | 1001 (2 rows) -- Non-required array scan key on "tenthous", backward scan: explain (costs off) SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1 WHERE thousand < 2 AND tenthous IN (1001,3000) ORDER BY thousand DESC, tenthous DESC; QUERY PLAN -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 Index Cond: ((thousand < 2) AND (tenthous = ANY ('{1001,3000}'::integer[]))) (2 rows) SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1 WHERE thousand < 2 AND tenthous IN (1001,3000) ORDER BY thousand DESC, tenthous DESC; thousand | tenthous ----------+---------- 1 | 1001 0 | 3000 (2 rows) -- -- Check elimination of redundant and contradictory index quals -- explain (costs off) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 IN (1, 42, 7) and unique1 = ANY('{7, 8, 9}'); QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 Index Cond: ((unique1 = ANY ('{1,42,7}'::integer[])) AND (unique1 = ANY ('{7,8,9}'::integer[]))) (2 rows) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 IN (1, 42, 7) and unique1 = ANY('{7, 8, 9}'); unique1 --------- 7 (1 row) explain (costs off) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 = ANY('{7, 14, 22}') and unique1 = ANY('{33, 44}'::bigint[]); QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 Index Cond: ((unique1 = ANY ('{7,14,22}'::integer[])) AND (unique1 = ANY ('{33,44}'::bigint[]))) (2 rows) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 = ANY('{7, 14, 22}') and unique1 = ANY('{33, 44}'::bigint[]); unique1 --------- (0 rows) explain (costs off) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 IN (1, 42, 7) and unique1 = 1; QUERY PLAN --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 Index Cond: ((unique1 = ANY ('{1,42,7}'::integer[])) AND (unique1 = 1)) (2 rows) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 IN (1, 42, 7) and unique1 = 1; unique1 --------- 1 (1 row) explain (costs off) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 IN (1, 42, 7) and unique1 = 12345; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 Index Cond: ((unique1 = ANY ('{1,42,7}'::integer[])) AND (unique1 = 12345)) (2 rows) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 IN (1, 42, 7) and unique1 = 12345; unique1 --------- (0 rows) explain (costs off) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 IN (1, 42, 7) and unique1 >= 42; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 Index Cond: ((unique1 = ANY ('{1,42,7}'::integer[])) AND (unique1 >= 42)) (2 rows) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 IN (1, 42, 7) and unique1 >= 42; unique1 --------- 42 (1 row) explain (costs off) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 IN (1, 42, 7) and unique1 > 42; QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 Index Cond: ((unique1 = ANY ('{1,42,7}'::integer[])) AND (unique1 > 42)) (2 rows) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 IN (1, 42, 7) and unique1 > 42; unique1 --------- (0 rows) explain (costs off) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 > 9996 and unique1 >= 9999; QUERY PLAN -------------------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 Index Cond: ((unique1 > 9996) AND (unique1 >= 9999)) (2 rows) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 > 9996 and unique1 >= 9999; unique1 --------- 9999 (1 row) explain (costs off) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 3 and unique1 <= 3; QUERY PLAN -------------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 Index Cond: ((unique1 < 3) AND (unique1 <= 3)) (2 rows) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 3 and unique1 <= 3; unique1 --------- 0 1 2 (3 rows) explain (costs off) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 3 and unique1 < (-1)::bigint; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------ Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 Index Cond: ((unique1 < 3) AND (unique1 < '-1'::bigint)) (2 rows) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 3 and unique1 < (-1)::bigint; unique1 --------- (0 rows) explain (costs off) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 IN (1, 42, 7) and unique1 < (-1)::bigint; QUERY PLAN -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 Index Cond: ((unique1 = ANY ('{1,42,7}'::integer[])) AND (unique1 < '-1'::bigint)) (2 rows) SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 IN (1, 42, 7) and unique1 < (-1)::bigint; unique1 --------- (0 rows) -- -- Check elimination of constant-NULL subexpressions -- explain (costs off) select * from tenk1 where (thousand, tenthous) in ((1,1001), (null,null)); QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------ Index Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 Index Cond: ((thousand = 1) AND (tenthous = 1001)) (2 rows) -- -- Check matching of boolean index columns to WHERE conditions and sort keys -- create temp table boolindex (b bool, i int, unique(b, i), junk float); explain (costs off) select * from boolindex order by b, i limit 10; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------- Limit -> Index Scan using boolindex_b_i_key on boolindex (2 rows) explain (costs off) select * from boolindex where b order by i limit 10; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------- Limit -> Index Scan using boolindex_b_i_key on boolindex Index Cond: (b = true) (3 rows) explain (costs off) select * from boolindex where b = true order by i desc limit 10; QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------------------- Limit -> Index Scan Backward using boolindex_b_i_key on boolindex Index Cond: (b = true) (3 rows) explain (costs off) select * from boolindex where not b order by i limit 10; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------- Limit -> Index Scan using boolindex_b_i_key on boolindex Index Cond: (b = false) (3 rows) explain (costs off) select * from boolindex where b is true order by i desc limit 10; QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------------------- Limit -> Index Scan Backward using boolindex_b_i_key on boolindex Index Cond: (b = true) (3 rows) explain (costs off) select * from boolindex where b is false order by i desc limit 10; QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------------------- Limit -> Index Scan Backward using boolindex_b_i_key on boolindex Index Cond: (b = false) (3 rows) -- -- REINDEX (VERBOSE) -- CREATE TABLE reindex_verbose(id integer primary key); \set VERBOSITY terse \\ -- suppress machine-dependent details REINDEX (VERBOSE) TABLE reindex_verbose; INFO: index "reindex_verbose_pkey" was reindexed \set VERBOSITY default DROP TABLE reindex_verbose; -- -- REINDEX CONCURRENTLY -- CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_tab (c1 int); -- REINDEX REINDEX TABLE concur_reindex_tab; -- notice NOTICE: table "concur_reindex_tab" has no indexes to reindex REINDEX (CONCURRENTLY) TABLE concur_reindex_tab; -- notice NOTICE: table "concur_reindex_tab" has no indexes that can be reindexed concurrently ALTER TABLE concur_reindex_tab ADD COLUMN c2 text; -- add toast index -- Normal index with integer column CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_reindex_ind1 ON concur_reindex_tab(c1); -- Normal index with text column CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_ind2 ON concur_reindex_tab(c2); -- UNIQUE index with expression CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_reindex_ind3 ON concur_reindex_tab(abs(c1)); -- Duplicate column names CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_ind4 ON concur_reindex_tab(c1, c1, c2); -- Create table for check on foreign key dependence switch with indexes swapped ALTER TABLE concur_reindex_tab ADD PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX concur_reindex_ind1; CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_tab2 (c1 int REFERENCES concur_reindex_tab); INSERT INTO concur_reindex_tab VALUES (1, 'a'); INSERT INTO concur_reindex_tab VALUES (2, 'a'); -- Reindex concurrently of exclusion constraint currently not supported CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_tab3 (c1 int, c2 int4range, EXCLUDE USING gist (c2 WITH &&)); INSERT INTO concur_reindex_tab3 VALUES (3, '[1,2]'); REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_tab3_c2_excl; -- error ERROR: concurrent index creation for exclusion constraints is not supported REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_tab3; -- succeeds with warning WARNING: cannot reindex exclusion constraint index "public.concur_reindex_tab3_c2_excl" concurrently, skipping INSERT INTO concur_reindex_tab3 VALUES (4, '[2,4]'); ERROR: conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "concur_reindex_tab3_c2_excl" DETAIL: Key (c2)=([2,5)) conflicts with existing key (c2)=([1,3)). -- Check materialized views CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW concur_reindex_matview AS SELECT * FROM concur_reindex_tab; -- Dependency lookup before and after the follow-up REINDEX commands. -- These should remain consistent. SELECT pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj, pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as objref, deptype FROM pg_depend WHERE classid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND objid in ('concur_reindex_tab'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_ind1'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_ind2'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_ind3'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_ind4'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_matview'::regclass) ORDER BY 1, 2; obj | objref | deptype ------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------- index concur_reindex_ind1 | constraint concur_reindex_ind1 on table concur_reindex_tab | i index concur_reindex_ind2 | column c2 of table concur_reindex_tab | a index concur_reindex_ind3 | column c1 of table concur_reindex_tab | a index concur_reindex_ind3 | table concur_reindex_tab | a index concur_reindex_ind4 | column c1 of table concur_reindex_tab | a index concur_reindex_ind4 | column c2 of table concur_reindex_tab | a materialized view concur_reindex_matview | schema public | n table concur_reindex_tab | schema public | n (8 rows) REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_ind1; REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_tab; REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_matview; SELECT pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj, pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as objref, deptype FROM pg_depend WHERE classid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND objid in ('concur_reindex_tab'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_ind1'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_ind2'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_ind3'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_ind4'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_matview'::regclass) ORDER BY 1, 2; obj | objref | deptype ------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------- index concur_reindex_ind1 | constraint concur_reindex_ind1 on table concur_reindex_tab | i index concur_reindex_ind2 | column c2 of table concur_reindex_tab | a index concur_reindex_ind3 | column c1 of table concur_reindex_tab | a index concur_reindex_ind3 | table concur_reindex_tab | a index concur_reindex_ind4 | column c1 of table concur_reindex_tab | a index concur_reindex_ind4 | column c2 of table concur_reindex_tab | a materialized view concur_reindex_matview | schema public | n table concur_reindex_tab | schema public | n (8 rows) -- Check that comments are preserved CREATE TABLE testcomment (i int); CREATE INDEX testcomment_idx1 ON testcomment (i); COMMENT ON INDEX testcomment_idx1 IS 'test comment'; SELECT obj_description('testcomment_idx1'::regclass, 'pg_class'); obj_description ----------------- test comment (1 row) REINDEX TABLE testcomment; SELECT obj_description('testcomment_idx1'::regclass, 'pg_class'); obj_description ----------------- test comment (1 row) REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY testcomment ; SELECT obj_description('testcomment_idx1'::regclass, 'pg_class'); obj_description ----------------- test comment (1 row) DROP TABLE testcomment; -- Check that indisclustered updates are preserved CREATE TABLE concur_clustered(i int); CREATE INDEX concur_clustered_i_idx ON concur_clustered(i); ALTER TABLE concur_clustered CLUSTER ON concur_clustered_i_idx; REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_clustered; SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indisclustered FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'concur_clustered'::regclass; indexrelid | indisclustered ------------------------+---------------- concur_clustered_i_idx | t (1 row) DROP TABLE concur_clustered; -- Check that indisreplident updates are preserved. CREATE TABLE concur_replident(i int NOT NULL); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_replident_i_idx ON concur_replident(i); ALTER TABLE concur_replident REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX concur_replident_i_idx; SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indisreplident FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'concur_replident'::regclass; indexrelid | indisreplident ------------------------+---------------- concur_replident_i_idx | t (1 row) REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_replident; SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indisreplident FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'concur_replident'::regclass; indexrelid | indisreplident ------------------------+---------------- concur_replident_i_idx | t (1 row) DROP TABLE concur_replident; -- Check that opclass parameters are preserved CREATE TABLE concur_appclass_tab(i tsvector, j tsvector, k tsvector); CREATE INDEX concur_appclass_ind on concur_appclass_tab USING gist (i tsvector_ops (siglen='1000'), j tsvector_ops (siglen='500')); CREATE INDEX concur_appclass_ind_2 on concur_appclass_tab USING gist (k tsvector_ops (siglen='300'), j tsvector_ops); REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_appclass_tab; \d concur_appclass_tab Table "public.concur_appclass_tab" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+----------+-----------+----------+--------- i | tsvector | | | j | tsvector | | | k | tsvector | | | Indexes: "concur_appclass_ind" gist (i tsvector_ops (siglen='1000'), j tsvector_ops (siglen='500')) "concur_appclass_ind_2" gist (k tsvector_ops (siglen='300'), j) DROP TABLE concur_appclass_tab; -- Partitions -- Create some partitioned tables CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_part (c1 int, c2 int) PARTITION BY RANGE (c1); CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_part_0 PARTITION OF concur_reindex_part FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10) PARTITION BY list (c2); CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_part_0_1 PARTITION OF concur_reindex_part_0 FOR VALUES IN (1); CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_part_0_2 PARTITION OF concur_reindex_part_0 FOR VALUES IN (2); -- This partitioned table will have no partitions. CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_part_10 PARTITION OF concur_reindex_part FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20) PARTITION BY list (c2); -- Create some partitioned indexes CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_part_index ON ONLY concur_reindex_part (c1); CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_0 ON ONLY concur_reindex_part_0 (c1); ALTER INDEX concur_reindex_part_index ATTACH PARTITION concur_reindex_part_index_0; -- This partitioned index will have no partitions. CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_10 ON ONLY concur_reindex_part_10 (c1); ALTER INDEX concur_reindex_part_index ATTACH PARTITION concur_reindex_part_index_10; CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 ON ONLY concur_reindex_part_0_1 (c1); ALTER INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_0 ATTACH PARTITION concur_reindex_part_index_0_1; CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 ON ONLY concur_reindex_part_0_2 (c1); ALTER INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_0 ATTACH PARTITION concur_reindex_part_index_0_2; SELECT relid, parentrelid, level FROM pg_partition_tree('concur_reindex_part_index') ORDER BY relid, level; relid | parentrelid | level -------------------------------+-----------------------------+------- concur_reindex_part_index | | 0 concur_reindex_part_index_0 | concur_reindex_part_index | 1 concur_reindex_part_index_10 | concur_reindex_part_index | 1 concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | concur_reindex_part_index_0 | 2 concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | concur_reindex_part_index_0 | 2 (5 rows) SELECT relid, parentrelid, level FROM pg_partition_tree('concur_reindex_part_index') ORDER BY relid, level; relid | parentrelid | level -------------------------------+-----------------------------+------- concur_reindex_part_index | | 0 concur_reindex_part_index_0 | concur_reindex_part_index | 1 concur_reindex_part_index_10 | concur_reindex_part_index | 1 concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | concur_reindex_part_index_0 | 2 concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | concur_reindex_part_index_0 | 2 (5 rows) -- REINDEX should preserve dependencies of partition tree. SELECT pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj, pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as objref, deptype FROM pg_depend WHERE classid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND objid in ('concur_reindex_part'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_part_0'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_part_0_1'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_part_0_2'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_part_index'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_part_index_0'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_part_index_0_1'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_part_index_0_2'::regclass) ORDER BY 1, 2; obj | objref | deptype ------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+--------- column c1 of table concur_reindex_part | table concur_reindex_part | i column c2 of table concur_reindex_part_0 | table concur_reindex_part_0 | i index concur_reindex_part_index | column c1 of table concur_reindex_part | a index concur_reindex_part_index_0 | column c1 of table concur_reindex_part_0 | a index concur_reindex_part_index_0 | index concur_reindex_part_index | P index concur_reindex_part_index_0 | table concur_reindex_part_0 | S index concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | column c1 of table concur_reindex_part_0_1 | a index concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | index concur_reindex_part_index_0 | P index concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | table concur_reindex_part_0_1 | S index concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | column c1 of table concur_reindex_part_0_2 | a index concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | index concur_reindex_part_index_0 | P index concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | table concur_reindex_part_0_2 | S table concur_reindex_part | schema public | n table concur_reindex_part_0 | schema public | n table concur_reindex_part_0 | table concur_reindex_part | a table concur_reindex_part_0_1 | schema public | n table concur_reindex_part_0_1 | table concur_reindex_part_0 | a table concur_reindex_part_0_2 | schema public | n table concur_reindex_part_0_2 | table concur_reindex_part_0 | a (19 rows) REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_index_0_1; REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_index_0_2; SELECT relid, parentrelid, level FROM pg_partition_tree('concur_reindex_part_index') ORDER BY relid, level; relid | parentrelid | level -------------------------------+-----------------------------+------- concur_reindex_part_index | | 0 concur_reindex_part_index_0 | concur_reindex_part_index | 1 concur_reindex_part_index_10 | concur_reindex_part_index | 1 concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | concur_reindex_part_index_0 | 2 concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | concur_reindex_part_index_0 | 2 (5 rows) REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_0_1; REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_0_2; SELECT pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj, pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as objref, deptype FROM pg_depend WHERE classid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND objid in ('concur_reindex_part'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_part_0'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_part_0_1'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_part_0_2'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_part_index'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_part_index_0'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_part_index_0_1'::regclass, 'concur_reindex_part_index_0_2'::regclass) ORDER BY 1, 2; obj | objref | deptype ------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+--------- column c1 of table concur_reindex_part | table concur_reindex_part | i column c2 of table concur_reindex_part_0 | table concur_reindex_part_0 | i index concur_reindex_part_index | column c1 of table concur_reindex_part | a index concur_reindex_part_index_0 | column c1 of table concur_reindex_part_0 | a index concur_reindex_part_index_0 | index concur_reindex_part_index | P index concur_reindex_part_index_0 | table concur_reindex_part_0 | S index concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | column c1 of table concur_reindex_part_0_1 | a index concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | index concur_reindex_part_index_0 | P index concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | table concur_reindex_part_0_1 | S index concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | column c1 of table concur_reindex_part_0_2 | a index concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | index concur_reindex_part_index_0 | P index concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | table concur_reindex_part_0_2 | S table concur_reindex_part | schema public | n table concur_reindex_part_0 | schema public | n table concur_reindex_part_0 | table concur_reindex_part | a table concur_reindex_part_0_1 | schema public | n table concur_reindex_part_0_1 | table concur_reindex_part_0 | a table concur_reindex_part_0_2 | schema public | n table concur_reindex_part_0_2 | table concur_reindex_part_0 | a (19 rows) SELECT relid, parentrelid, level FROM pg_partition_tree('concur_reindex_part_index') ORDER BY relid, level; relid | parentrelid | level -------------------------------+-----------------------------+------- concur_reindex_part_index | | 0 concur_reindex_part_index_0 | concur_reindex_part_index | 1 concur_reindex_part_index_10 | concur_reindex_part_index | 1 concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | concur_reindex_part_index_0 | 2 concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | concur_reindex_part_index_0 | 2 (5 rows) -- REINDEX for partitioned indexes -- REINDEX TABLE fails for partitioned indexes -- Top-most parent index REINDEX TABLE concur_reindex_part_index; -- error ERROR: "concur_reindex_part_index" is not a table or materialized view REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_index; -- error ERROR: "concur_reindex_part_index" is not a table or materialized view -- Partitioned index with no leaves REINDEX TABLE concur_reindex_part_index_10; -- error ERROR: "concur_reindex_part_index_10" is not a table or materialized view REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_index_10; -- error ERROR: "concur_reindex_part_index_10" is not a table or materialized view -- Cannot run in a transaction block BEGIN; REINDEX INDEX concur_reindex_part_index; ERROR: REINDEX INDEX cannot run inside a transaction block CONTEXT: while reindexing partitioned index "public.concur_reindex_part_index" ROLLBACK; -- Helper functions to track changes of relfilenodes in a partition tree. -- Create a table tracking the relfilenode state. CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION create_relfilenode_part(relname text, indname text) RETURNS VOID AS $func$ BEGIN EXECUTE format(' CREATE TABLE %I AS SELECT oid, relname, relfilenode, relkind, reltoastrelid FROM pg_class WHERE oid IN (SELECT relid FROM pg_partition_tree(''%I''));', relname, indname); END $func$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION compare_relfilenode_part(tabname text) RETURNS TABLE (relname name, relkind "char", state text) AS $func$ BEGIN RETURN QUERY EXECUTE format( 'SELECT b.relname, b.relkind, CASE WHEN a.relfilenode = b.relfilenode THEN ''relfilenode is unchanged'' ELSE ''relfilenode has changed'' END -- Do not join with OID here as CONCURRENTLY changes it. FROM %I b JOIN pg_class a ON b.relname = a.relname ORDER BY 1;', tabname); END $func$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; -- Check that expected relfilenodes are changed, non-concurrent case. SELECT create_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status', 'concur_reindex_part_index'); create_relfilenode_part ------------------------- (1 row) REINDEX INDEX concur_reindex_part_index; SELECT * FROM compare_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status'); relname | relkind | state -------------------------------+---------+-------------------------- concur_reindex_part_index | I | relfilenode is unchanged concur_reindex_part_index_0 | I | relfilenode is unchanged concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | i | relfilenode has changed concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | i | relfilenode has changed concur_reindex_part_index_10 | I | relfilenode is unchanged (5 rows) DROP TABLE reindex_index_status; -- concurrent case. SELECT create_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status', 'concur_reindex_part_index'); create_relfilenode_part ------------------------- (1 row) REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_index; SELECT * FROM compare_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status'); relname | relkind | state -------------------------------+---------+-------------------------- concur_reindex_part_index | I | relfilenode is unchanged concur_reindex_part_index_0 | I | relfilenode is unchanged concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | i | relfilenode has changed concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | i | relfilenode has changed concur_reindex_part_index_10 | I | relfilenode is unchanged (5 rows) DROP TABLE reindex_index_status; -- REINDEX for partitioned tables -- REINDEX INDEX fails for partitioned tables -- Top-most parent REINDEX INDEX concur_reindex_part; -- error ERROR: "concur_reindex_part" is not an index REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part; -- error ERROR: "concur_reindex_part" is not an index -- Partitioned with no leaves REINDEX INDEX concur_reindex_part_10; -- error ERROR: "concur_reindex_part_10" is not an index REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_10; -- error ERROR: "concur_reindex_part_10" is not an index -- Cannot run in a transaction block BEGIN; REINDEX TABLE concur_reindex_part; ERROR: REINDEX TABLE cannot run inside a transaction block CONTEXT: while reindexing partitioned table "public.concur_reindex_part" ROLLBACK; -- Check that expected relfilenodes are changed, non-concurrent case. -- Note that the partition tree changes of the *indexes* need to be checked. SELECT create_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status', 'concur_reindex_part_index'); create_relfilenode_part ------------------------- (1 row) REINDEX TABLE concur_reindex_part; SELECT * FROM compare_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status'); relname | relkind | state -------------------------------+---------+-------------------------- concur_reindex_part_index | I | relfilenode is unchanged concur_reindex_part_index_0 | I | relfilenode is unchanged concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | i | relfilenode has changed concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | i | relfilenode has changed concur_reindex_part_index_10 | I | relfilenode is unchanged (5 rows) DROP TABLE reindex_index_status; -- concurrent case. SELECT create_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status', 'concur_reindex_part_index'); create_relfilenode_part ------------------------- (1 row) REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part; SELECT * FROM compare_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status'); relname | relkind | state -------------------------------+---------+-------------------------- concur_reindex_part_index | I | relfilenode is unchanged concur_reindex_part_index_0 | I | relfilenode is unchanged concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | i | relfilenode has changed concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | i | relfilenode has changed concur_reindex_part_index_10 | I | relfilenode is unchanged (5 rows) DROP TABLE reindex_index_status; DROP FUNCTION create_relfilenode_part; DROP FUNCTION compare_relfilenode_part; -- Cleanup of partition tree used for REINDEX test. DROP TABLE concur_reindex_part; -- Check errors -- Cannot run inside a transaction block BEGIN; REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_tab; ERROR: REINDEX CONCURRENTLY cannot run inside a transaction block COMMIT; REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY pg_class; -- no catalog relation ERROR: cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY pg_class_oid_index; -- no catalog index ERROR: cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently -- These are the toast table and index of pg_authid. REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY pg_toast.pg_toast_1260; -- no catalog toast table ERROR: cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY pg_toast.pg_toast_1260_index; -- no catalog toast index ERROR: cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently REINDEX SYSTEM CONCURRENTLY postgres; -- not allowed for SYSTEM ERROR: cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently REINDEX (CONCURRENTLY) SYSTEM postgres; -- ditto ERROR: cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently REINDEX (CONCURRENTLY) SYSTEM; -- ditto ERROR: cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently -- Warns about catalog relations REINDEX SCHEMA CONCURRENTLY pg_catalog; WARNING: cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently, skipping all -- Not the current database REINDEX DATABASE not_current_database; ERROR: can only reindex the currently open database -- Check the relation status, there should not be invalid indexes \d concur_reindex_tab Table "public.concur_reindex_tab" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+---------+-----------+----------+--------- c1 | integer | | not null | c2 | text | | | Indexes: "concur_reindex_ind1" PRIMARY KEY, btree (c1) "concur_reindex_ind2" btree (c2) "concur_reindex_ind3" UNIQUE, btree (abs(c1)) "concur_reindex_ind4" btree (c1, c1, c2) Referenced by: TABLE "concur_reindex_tab2" CONSTRAINT "concur_reindex_tab2_c1_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (c1) REFERENCES concur_reindex_tab(c1) DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW concur_reindex_matview; DROP TABLE concur_reindex_tab, concur_reindex_tab2, concur_reindex_tab3; -- Check handling of invalid indexes CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_tab4 (c1 int); INSERT INTO concur_reindex_tab4 VALUES (1), (1), (2); -- This trick creates an invalid index. CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_ind5 ON concur_reindex_tab4 (c1); ERROR: could not create unique index "concur_reindex_ind5" DETAIL: Key (c1)=(1) is duplicated. -- Reindexing concurrently this index fails with the same failure. -- The extra index created is itself invalid, and can be dropped. REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_ind5; ERROR: could not create unique index "concur_reindex_ind5_ccnew" DETAIL: Key (c1)=(1) is duplicated. \d concur_reindex_tab4 Table "public.concur_reindex_tab4" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+---------+-----------+----------+--------- c1 | integer | | | Indexes: "concur_reindex_ind5" UNIQUE, btree (c1) INVALID "concur_reindex_ind5_ccnew" UNIQUE, btree (c1) INVALID DROP INDEX concur_reindex_ind5_ccnew; -- This makes the previous failure go away, so the index can become valid. DELETE FROM concur_reindex_tab4 WHERE c1 = 1; -- The invalid index is not processed when running REINDEX TABLE. REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_tab4; WARNING: skipping reindex of invalid index "public.concur_reindex_ind5" HINT: Use DROP INDEX or REINDEX INDEX. NOTICE: table "concur_reindex_tab4" has no indexes that can be reindexed concurrently \d concur_reindex_tab4 Table "public.concur_reindex_tab4" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+---------+-----------+----------+--------- c1 | integer | | | Indexes: "concur_reindex_ind5" UNIQUE, btree (c1) INVALID -- But it is fixed with REINDEX INDEX. REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_ind5; \d concur_reindex_tab4 Table "public.concur_reindex_tab4" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+---------+-----------+----------+--------- c1 | integer | | | Indexes: "concur_reindex_ind5" UNIQUE, btree (c1) DROP TABLE concur_reindex_tab4; -- Check handling of indexes with expressions and predicates. The -- definitions of the rebuilt indexes should match the original -- definitions. CREATE TABLE concur_exprs_tab (c1 int , c2 boolean); INSERT INTO concur_exprs_tab (c1, c2) VALUES (1369652450, FALSE), (414515746, TRUE), (897778963, FALSE); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_expr ON concur_exprs_tab ((c1::text COLLATE "C")); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred ON concur_exprs_tab (c1) WHERE (c1::text > 500000000::text COLLATE "C"); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred_2 ON concur_exprs_tab ((1 / c1)) WHERE ('-H') >= (c2::TEXT) COLLATE "C"; ALTER INDEX concur_exprs_index_expr ALTER COLUMN 1 SET STATISTICS 100; ANALYZE concur_exprs_tab; SELECT starelid::regclass, count(*) FROM pg_statistic WHERE starelid IN ( 'concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass, 'concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass, 'concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass) GROUP BY starelid ORDER BY starelid::regclass::text; starelid | count -------------------------+------- concur_exprs_index_expr | 1 (1 row) SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass); pg_get_indexdef --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_expr ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (((c1)::text) COLLATE "C") (1 row) SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass); pg_get_indexdef ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (c1) WHERE ((c1)::text > ((500000000)::text COLLATE "C")) (1 row) SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass); pg_get_indexdef -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred_2 ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (((1 / c1))) WHERE ('-H'::text >= ((c2)::text COLLATE "C")) (1 row) REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_exprs_tab; SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass); pg_get_indexdef --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_expr ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (((c1)::text) COLLATE "C") (1 row) SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass); pg_get_indexdef ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (c1) WHERE ((c1)::text > ((500000000)::text COLLATE "C")) (1 row) SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass); pg_get_indexdef -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred_2 ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (((1 / c1))) WHERE ('-H'::text >= ((c2)::text COLLATE "C")) (1 row) -- ALTER TABLE recreates the indexes, which should keep their collations. ALTER TABLE concur_exprs_tab ALTER c2 TYPE TEXT; SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass); pg_get_indexdef --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_expr ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (((c1)::text) COLLATE "C") (1 row) SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass); pg_get_indexdef ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (c1) WHERE ((c1)::text > ((500000000)::text COLLATE "C")) (1 row) SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass); pg_get_indexdef ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred_2 ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (((1 / c1))) WHERE ('-H'::text >= (c2 COLLATE "C")) (1 row) -- Statistics should remain intact. SELECT starelid::regclass, count(*) FROM pg_statistic WHERE starelid IN ( 'concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass, 'concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass, 'concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass) GROUP BY starelid ORDER BY starelid::regclass::text; starelid | count -------------------------+------- concur_exprs_index_expr | 1 (1 row) -- attstattarget should remain intact SELECT attrelid::regclass, attnum, attstattarget FROM pg_attribute WHERE attrelid IN ( 'concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass, 'concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass, 'concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass) ORDER BY attrelid::regclass::text, attnum; attrelid | attnum | attstattarget ---------------------------+--------+--------------- concur_exprs_index_expr | 1 | 100 concur_exprs_index_pred | 1 | concur_exprs_index_pred_2 | 1 | (3 rows) DROP TABLE concur_exprs_tab; -- Temporary tables and on-commit actions, where CONCURRENTLY is ignored. -- ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS, the default. CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp_tab_1 (c1 int, c2 text) ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS; INSERT INTO concur_temp_tab_1 VALUES (1, 'foo'), (2, 'bar'); CREATE INDEX concur_temp_ind_1 ON concur_temp_tab_1(c2); REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_tab_1; REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind_1; -- Still fails in transaction blocks BEGIN; REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind_1; ERROR: REINDEX CONCURRENTLY cannot run inside a transaction block COMMIT; -- ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp_tab_2 (c1 int, c2 text) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS; CREATE INDEX concur_temp_ind_2 ON concur_temp_tab_2(c2); REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_tab_2; REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind_2; -- ON COMMIT DROP BEGIN; CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp_tab_3 (c1 int, c2 text) ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS; INSERT INTO concur_temp_tab_3 VALUES (1, 'foo'), (2, 'bar'); CREATE INDEX concur_temp_ind_3 ON concur_temp_tab_3(c2); -- Fails when running in a transaction REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind_3; ERROR: REINDEX CONCURRENTLY cannot run inside a transaction block COMMIT; -- REINDEX SCHEMA processes all temporary relations CREATE TABLE reindex_temp_before AS SELECT oid, relname, relfilenode, relkind, reltoastrelid FROM pg_class WHERE relname IN ('concur_temp_ind_1', 'concur_temp_ind_2'); SELECT pg_my_temp_schema()::regnamespace as temp_schema_name \gset REINDEX SCHEMA CONCURRENTLY :temp_schema_name; SELECT b.relname, b.relkind, CASE WHEN a.relfilenode = b.relfilenode THEN 'relfilenode is unchanged' ELSE 'relfilenode has changed' END FROM reindex_temp_before b JOIN pg_class a ON b.oid = a.oid ORDER BY 1; relname | relkind | case -------------------+---------+------------------------- concur_temp_ind_1 | i | relfilenode has changed concur_temp_ind_2 | i | relfilenode has changed (2 rows) DROP TABLE concur_temp_tab_1, concur_temp_tab_2, reindex_temp_before; -- -- REINDEX SCHEMA -- REINDEX SCHEMA schema_to_reindex; -- failure, schema does not exist ERROR: schema "schema_to_reindex" does not exist CREATE SCHEMA schema_to_reindex; SET search_path = 'schema_to_reindex'; CREATE TABLE table1(col1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY); INSERT INTO table1 SELECT generate_series(1,400); CREATE TABLE table2(col1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, col2 TEXT NOT NULL); INSERT INTO table2 SELECT generate_series(1,400), 'abc'; CREATE INDEX ON table2(col2); CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview AS SELECT col1 FROM table2; CREATE INDEX ON matview(col1); CREATE VIEW view AS SELECT col2 FROM table2; CREATE TABLE reindex_before AS SELECT oid, relname, relfilenode, relkind, reltoastrelid FROM pg_class where relnamespace = (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'schema_to_reindex'); INSERT INTO reindex_before SELECT oid, 'pg_toast_TABLE', relfilenode, relkind, reltoastrelid FROM pg_class WHERE oid IN (SELECT reltoastrelid FROM reindex_before WHERE reltoastrelid > 0); INSERT INTO reindex_before SELECT oid, 'pg_toast_TABLE_index', relfilenode, relkind, reltoastrelid FROM pg_class where oid in (select indexrelid from pg_index where indrelid in (select reltoastrelid from reindex_before where reltoastrelid > 0)); REINDEX SCHEMA schema_to_reindex; CREATE TABLE reindex_after AS SELECT oid, relname, relfilenode, relkind FROM pg_class where relnamespace = (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'schema_to_reindex'); SELECT b.relname, b.relkind, CASE WHEN a.relfilenode = b.relfilenode THEN 'relfilenode is unchanged' ELSE 'relfilenode has changed' END FROM reindex_before b JOIN pg_class a ON b.oid = a.oid ORDER BY 1; relname | relkind | case ----------------------+---------+-------------------------- matview | m | relfilenode is unchanged matview_col1_idx | i | relfilenode has changed pg_toast_TABLE | t | relfilenode is unchanged pg_toast_TABLE_index | i | relfilenode has changed table1 | r | relfilenode is unchanged table1_col1_seq | S | relfilenode is unchanged table1_pkey | i | relfilenode has changed table2 | r | relfilenode is unchanged table2_col1_seq | S | relfilenode is unchanged table2_col2_idx | i | relfilenode has changed table2_pkey | i | relfilenode has changed view | v | relfilenode is unchanged (12 rows) REINDEX SCHEMA schema_to_reindex; BEGIN; REINDEX SCHEMA schema_to_reindex; -- failure, cannot run in a transaction ERROR: REINDEX SCHEMA cannot run inside a transaction block END; -- concurrently REINDEX SCHEMA CONCURRENTLY schema_to_reindex; -- Failure for unauthorized user CREATE ROLE regress_reindexuser NOLOGIN; SET SESSION ROLE regress_reindexuser; REINDEX SCHEMA schema_to_reindex; ERROR: must be owner of schema schema_to_reindex -- Permission failures with toast tables and indexes (pg_authid here) RESET ROLE; GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA pg_toast TO regress_reindexuser; SET SESSION ROLE regress_reindexuser; REINDEX TABLE pg_toast.pg_toast_1260; ERROR: permission denied for table pg_toast_1260 REINDEX INDEX pg_toast.pg_toast_1260_index; ERROR: permission denied for index pg_toast_1260_index -- Clean up RESET ROLE; REVOKE USAGE ON SCHEMA pg_toast FROM regress_reindexuser; DROP ROLE regress_reindexuser; DROP SCHEMA schema_to_reindex CASCADE; NOTICE: drop cascades to 6 other objects DETAIL: drop cascades to table table1 drop cascades to table table2 drop cascades to materialized view matview drop cascades to view view drop cascades to table reindex_before drop cascades to table reindex_after