/*------------------------------------------------------------------------- * * tableam.h * POSTGRES table access method definitions. * * * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2023, PostgreSQL Global Development Group * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California * * src/include/access/tableam.h * * NOTES * See tableam.sgml for higher level documentation. * *------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ #ifndef TABLEAM_H #define TABLEAM_H #include "access/relscan.h" #include "access/sdir.h" #include "access/xact.h" #include "executor/tuptable.h" #include "utils/rel.h" #include "utils/snapshot.h" #define DEFAULT_TABLE_ACCESS_METHOD "heap" /* GUCs */ extern PGDLLIMPORT char *default_table_access_method; extern PGDLLIMPORT bool synchronize_seqscans; struct BulkInsertStateData; struct IndexInfo; struct SampleScanState; struct TBMIterateResult; struct VacuumParams; struct ValidateIndexState; /* * Bitmask values for the flags argument to the scan_begin callback. */ typedef enum ScanOptions { /* one of SO_TYPE_* may be specified */ SO_TYPE_SEQSCAN = 1 << 0, SO_TYPE_BITMAPSCAN = 1 << 1, SO_TYPE_SAMPLESCAN = 1 << 2, SO_TYPE_TIDSCAN = 1 << 3, SO_TYPE_TIDRANGESCAN = 1 << 4, SO_TYPE_ANALYZE = 1 << 5, /* several of SO_ALLOW_* may be specified */ /* allow or disallow use of access strategy */ SO_ALLOW_STRAT = 1 << 6, /* report location to syncscan logic? */ SO_ALLOW_SYNC = 1 << 7, /* verify visibility page-at-a-time? */ SO_ALLOW_PAGEMODE = 1 << 8, /* unregister snapshot at scan end? */ SO_TEMP_SNAPSHOT = 1 << 9 } ScanOptions; /* * Result codes for table_{update,delete,lock_tuple}, and for visibility * routines inside table AMs. */ typedef enum TM_Result { /* * Signals that the action succeeded (i.e. update/delete performed, lock * was acquired) */ TM_Ok, /* The affected tuple wasn't visible to the relevant snapshot */ TM_Invisible, /* The affected tuple was already modified by the calling backend */ TM_SelfModified, /* * The affected tuple was updated by another transaction. This includes * the case where tuple was moved to another partition. */ TM_Updated, /* The affected tuple was deleted by another transaction */ TM_Deleted, /* * The affected tuple is currently being modified by another session. This * will only be returned if table_(update/delete/lock_tuple) are * instructed not to wait. */ TM_BeingModified, /* lock couldn't be acquired, action skipped. Only used by lock_tuple */ TM_WouldBlock } TM_Result; /* * Result codes for table_update(..., update_indexes*..). * Used to determine which indexes to update. */ typedef enum TU_UpdateIndexes { /* No indexed columns were updated (incl. TID addressing of tuple) */ TU_None, /* A non-summarizing indexed column was updated, or the TID has changed */ TU_All, /* Only summarized columns were updated, TID is unchanged */ TU_Summarizing } TU_UpdateIndexes; /* * When table_tuple_update, table_tuple_delete, or table_tuple_lock fail * because the target tuple is already outdated, they fill in this struct to * provide information to the caller about what happened. * * ctid is the target's ctid link: it is the same as the target's TID if the * target was deleted, or the location of the replacement tuple if the target * was updated. * * xmax is the outdating transaction's XID. If the caller wants to visit the * replacement tuple, it must check that this matches before believing the * replacement is really a match. * * cmax is the outdating command's CID, but only when the failure code is * TM_SelfModified (i.e., something in the current transaction outdated the * tuple); otherwise cmax is zero. (We make this restriction because * HeapTupleHeaderGetCmax doesn't work for tuples outdated in other * transactions.) */ typedef struct TM_FailureData { ItemPointerData ctid; TransactionId xmax; CommandId cmax; bool traversed; } TM_FailureData; /* * State used when calling table_index_delete_tuples(). * * Represents the status of table tuples, referenced by table TID and taken by * index AM from index tuples. State consists of high level parameters of the * deletion operation, plus two mutable palloc()'d arrays for information * about the status of individual table tuples. These are conceptually one * single array. Using two arrays keeps the TM_IndexDelete struct small, * which makes sorting the first array (the deltids array) fast. * * Some index AM callers perform simple index tuple deletion (by specifying * bottomup = false), and include only known-dead deltids. These known-dead * entries are all marked knowndeletable = true directly (typically these are * TIDs from LP_DEAD-marked index tuples), but that isn't strictly required. * * Callers that specify bottomup = true are "bottom-up index deletion" * callers. The considerations for the tableam are more subtle with these * callers because they ask the tableam to perform highly speculative work, * and might only expect the tableam to check a small fraction of all entries. * Caller is not allowed to specify knowndeletable = true for any entry * because everything is highly speculative. Bottom-up caller provides * context and hints to tableam -- see comments below for details on how index * AMs and tableams should coordinate during bottom-up index deletion. * * Simple index deletion callers may ask the tableam to perform speculative * work, too. This is a little like bottom-up deletion, but not too much. * The tableam will only perform speculative work when it's practically free * to do so in passing for simple deletion caller (while always performing * whatever work is needed to enable knowndeletable/LP_DEAD index tuples to * be deleted within index AM). This is the real reason why it's possible for * simple index deletion caller to specify knowndeletable = false up front * (this means "check if it's possible for me to delete corresponding index * tuple when it's cheap to do so in passing"). The index AM should only * include "extra" entries for index tuples whose TIDs point to a table block * that tableam is expected to have to visit anyway (in the event of a block * orientated tableam). The tableam isn't strictly obligated to check these * "extra" TIDs, but a block-based AM should always manage to do so in * practice. * * The final contents of the deltids/status arrays are interesting to callers * that ask tableam to perform speculative work (i.e. when _any_ items have * knowndeletable set to false up front). These index AM callers will * naturally need to consult final state to determine which index tuples are * in fact deletable. * * The index AM can keep track of which index tuple relates to which deltid by * setting idxoffnum (and/or relying on each entry being uniquely identifiable * using tid), which is important when the final contents of the array will * need to be interpreted -- the array can shrink from initial size after * tableam processing and/or have entries in a new order (tableam may sort * deltids array for its own reasons). Bottom-up callers may find that final * ndeltids is 0 on return from call to tableam, in which case no index tuple * deletions are possible. Simple deletion callers can rely on any entries * they know to be deletable appearing in the final array as deletable. */ typedef struct TM_IndexDelete { ItemPointerData tid; /* table TID from index tuple */ int16 id; /* Offset into TM_IndexStatus array */ } TM_IndexDelete; typedef struct TM_IndexStatus { OffsetNumber idxoffnum; /* Index am page offset number */ bool knowndeletable; /* Currently known to be deletable? */ /* Bottom-up index deletion specific fields follow */ bool promising; /* Promising (duplicate) index tuple? */ int16 freespace; /* Space freed in index if deleted */ } TM_IndexStatus; /* * Index AM/tableam coordination is central to the design of bottom-up index * deletion. The index AM provides hints about where to look to the tableam * by marking some entries as "promising". Index AM does this with duplicate * index tuples that are strongly suspected to be old versions left behind by * UPDATEs that did not logically modify indexed values. Index AM may find it * helpful to only mark entries as promising when they're thought to have been * affected by such an UPDATE in the recent past. * * Bottom-up index deletion casts a wide net at first, usually by including * all TIDs on a target index page. It is up to the tableam to worry about * the cost of checking transaction status information. The tableam is in * control, but needs careful guidance from the index AM. Index AM requests * that bottomupfreespace target be met, while tableam measures progress * towards that goal by tallying the per-entry freespace value for known * deletable entries. (All !bottomup callers can just set these space related * fields to zero.) */ typedef struct TM_IndexDeleteOp { Relation irel; /* Target index relation */ BlockNumber iblknum; /* Index block number (for error reports) */ bool bottomup; /* Bottom-up (not simple) deletion? */ int bottomupfreespace; /* Bottom-up space target */ /* Mutable per-TID information follows (index AM initializes entries) */ int ndeltids; /* Current # of deltids/status elements */ TM_IndexDelete *deltids; TM_IndexStatus *status; } TM_IndexDeleteOp; /* "options" flag bits for table_tuple_insert */ /* TABLE_INSERT_SKIP_WAL was 0x0001; RelationNeedsWAL() now governs */ #define TABLE_INSERT_SKIP_FSM 0x0002 #define TABLE_INSERT_FROZEN 0x0004 #define TABLE_INSERT_NO_LOGICAL 0x0008 /* flag bits for table_tuple_lock */ /* Follow tuples whose update is in progress if lock modes don't conflict */ #define TUPLE_LOCK_FLAG_LOCK_UPDATE_IN_PROGRESS (1 << 0) /* Follow update chain and lock latest version of tuple */ #define TUPLE_LOCK_FLAG_FIND_LAST_VERSION (1 << 1) /* Typedef for callback function for table_index_build_scan */ typedef void (*IndexBuildCallback) (Relation index, ItemPointer tid, Datum *values, bool *isnull, bool tupleIsAlive, void *state); /* * API struct for a table AM. Note this must be allocated in a * server-lifetime manner, typically as a static const struct, which then gets * returned by FormData_pg_am.amhandler. * * In most cases it's not appropriate to call the callbacks directly, use the * table_* wrapper functions instead. * * GetTableAmRoutine() asserts that required callbacks are filled in, remember * to update when adding a callback. */ typedef struct TableAmRoutine { /* this must be set to T_TableAmRoutine */ NodeTag type; /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Slot related callbacks. * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* * Return slot implementation suitable for storing a tuple of this AM. */ const TupleTableSlotOps *(*slot_callbacks) (Relation rel); /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Table scan callbacks. * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* * Start a scan of `rel`. The callback has to return a TableScanDesc, * which will typically be embedded in a larger, AM specific, struct. * * If nkeys != 0, the results need to be filtered by those scan keys. * * pscan, if not NULL, will have already been initialized with * parallelscan_initialize(), and has to be for the same relation. Will * only be set coming from table_beginscan_parallel(). * * `flags` is a bitmask indicating the type of scan (ScanOptions's * SO_TYPE_*, currently only one may be specified), options controlling * the scan's behaviour (ScanOptions's SO_ALLOW_*, several may be * specified, an AM may ignore unsupported ones) and whether the snapshot * needs to be deallocated at scan_end (ScanOptions's SO_TEMP_SNAPSHOT). */ TableScanDesc (*scan_begin) (Relation rel, Snapshot snapshot, int nkeys, struct ScanKeyData *key, ParallelTableScanDesc pscan, uint32 flags); /* * Release resources and deallocate scan. If TableScanDesc.temp_snap, * TableScanDesc.rs_snapshot needs to be unregistered. */ void (*scan_end) (TableScanDesc scan); /* * Restart relation scan. If set_params is set to true, allow_{strat, * sync, pagemode} (see scan_begin) changes should be taken into account. */ void (*scan_rescan) (TableScanDesc scan, struct ScanKeyData *key, bool set_params, bool allow_strat, bool allow_sync, bool allow_pagemode); /* * Return next tuple from `scan`, store in slot. */ bool (*scan_getnextslot) (TableScanDesc scan, ScanDirection direction, TupleTableSlot *slot); /*----------- * Optional functions to provide scanning for ranges of ItemPointers. * Implementations must either provide both of these functions, or neither * of them. * * Implementations of scan_set_tidrange must themselves handle * ItemPointers of any value. i.e, they must handle each of the following: * * 1) mintid or maxtid is beyond the end of the table; and * 2) mintid is above maxtid; and * 3) item offset for mintid or maxtid is beyond the maximum offset * allowed by the AM. * * Implementations can assume that scan_set_tidrange is always called * before scan_getnextslot_tidrange or after scan_rescan and before any * further calls to scan_getnextslot_tidrange. */ void (*scan_set_tidrange) (TableScanDesc scan, ItemPointer mintid, ItemPointer maxtid); /* * Return next tuple from `scan` that's in the range of TIDs defined by * scan_set_tidrange. */ bool (*scan_getnextslot_tidrange) (TableScanDesc scan, ScanDirection direction, TupleTableSlot *slot); /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Parallel table scan related functions. * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* * Estimate the size of shared memory needed for a parallel scan of this * relation. The snapshot does not need to be accounted for. */ Size (*parallelscan_estimate) (Relation rel); /* * Initialize ParallelTableScanDesc for a parallel scan of this relation. * `pscan` will be sized according to parallelscan_estimate() for the same * relation. */ Size (*parallelscan_initialize) (Relation rel, ParallelTableScanDesc pscan); /* * Reinitialize `pscan` for a new scan. `rel` will be the same relation as * when `pscan` was initialized by parallelscan_initialize. */ void (*parallelscan_reinitialize) (Relation rel, ParallelTableScanDesc pscan); /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Index Scan Callbacks * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* * Prepare to fetch tuples from the relation, as needed when fetching * tuples for an index scan. The callback has to return an * IndexFetchTableData, which the AM will typically embed in a larger * structure with additional information. * * Tuples for an index scan can then be fetched via index_fetch_tuple. */ struct IndexFetchTableData *(*index_fetch_begin) (Relation rel); /* * Reset index fetch. Typically this will release cross index fetch * resources held in IndexFetchTableData. */ void (*index_fetch_reset) (struct IndexFetchTableData *data); /* * Release resources and deallocate index fetch. */ void (*index_fetch_end) (struct IndexFetchTableData *data); /* * Fetch tuple at `tid` into `slot`, after doing a visibility test * according to `snapshot`. If a tuple was found and passed the visibility * test, return true, false otherwise. * * Note that AMs that do not necessarily update indexes when indexed * columns do not change, need to return the current/correct version of * the tuple that is visible to the snapshot, even if the tid points to an * older version of the tuple. * * *call_again is false on the first call to index_fetch_tuple for a tid. * If there potentially is another tuple matching the tid, *call_again * needs to be set to true by index_fetch_tuple, signaling to the caller * that index_fetch_tuple should be called again for the same tid. * * *all_dead, if all_dead is not NULL, should be set to true by * index_fetch_tuple iff it is guaranteed that no backend needs to see * that tuple. Index AMs can use that to avoid returning that tid in * future searches. */ bool (*index_fetch_tuple) (struct IndexFetchTableData *scan, ItemPointer tid, Snapshot snapshot, TupleTableSlot *slot, bool *call_again, bool *all_dead); /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Callbacks for non-modifying operations on individual tuples * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* * Fetch tuple at `tid` into `slot`, after doing a visibility test * according to `snapshot`. If a tuple was found and passed the visibility * test, returns true, false otherwise. */ bool (*tuple_fetch_row_version) (Relation rel, ItemPointer tid, Snapshot snapshot, TupleTableSlot *slot); /* * Is tid valid for a scan of this relation. */ bool (*tuple_tid_valid) (TableScanDesc scan, ItemPointer tid); /* * Return the latest version of the tuple at `tid`, by updating `tid` to * point at the newest version. */ void (*tuple_get_latest_tid) (TableScanDesc scan, ItemPointer tid); /* * Does the tuple in `slot` satisfy `snapshot`? The slot needs to be of * the appropriate type for the AM. */ bool (*tuple_satisfies_snapshot) (Relation rel, TupleTableSlot *slot, Snapshot snapshot); /* see table_index_delete_tuples() */ TransactionId (*index_delete_tuples) (Relation rel, TM_IndexDeleteOp *delstate); /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Manipulations of physical tuples. * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* see table_tuple_insert() for reference about parameters */ void (*tuple_insert) (Relation rel, TupleTableSlot *slot, CommandId cid, int options, struct BulkInsertStateData *bistate); /* see table_tuple_insert_speculative() for reference about parameters */ void (*tuple_insert_speculative) (Relation rel, TupleTableSlot *slot, CommandId cid, int options, struct BulkInsertStateData *bistate, uint32 specToken); /* see table_tuple_complete_speculative() for reference about parameters */ void (*tuple_complete_speculative) (Relation rel, TupleTableSlot *slot, uint32 specToken, bool succeeded); /* see table_multi_insert() for reference about parameters */ void (*multi_insert) (Relation rel, TupleTableSlot **slots, int nslots, CommandId cid, int options, struct BulkInsertStateData *bistate); /* see table_tuple_delete() for reference about parameters */ TM_Result (*tuple_delete) (Relation rel, ItemPointer tid, CommandId cid, Snapshot snapshot, Snapshot crosscheck, bool wait, TM_FailureData *tmfd, bool changingPart); /* see table_tuple_update() for reference about parameters */ TM_Result (*tuple_update) (Relation rel, ItemPointer otid, TupleTableSlot *slot, CommandId cid, Snapshot snapshot, Snapshot crosscheck, bool wait, TM_FailureData *tmfd, LockTupleMode *lockmode, TU_UpdateIndexes *update_indexes); /* see table_tuple_lock() for reference about parameters */ TM_Result (*tuple_lock) (Relation rel, ItemPointer tid, Snapshot snapshot, TupleTableSlot *slot, CommandId cid, LockTupleMode mode, LockWaitPolicy wait_policy, uint8 flags, TM_FailureData *tmfd); /* * Perform operations necessary to complete insertions made via * tuple_insert and multi_insert with a BulkInsertState specified. In-tree * access methods ceased to use this. * * Typically callers of tuple_insert and multi_insert will just pass all * the flags that apply to them, and each AM has to decide which of them * make sense for it, and then only take actions in finish_bulk_insert for * those flags, and ignore others. * * Optional callback. */ void (*finish_bulk_insert) (Relation rel, int options); /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * DDL related functionality. * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* * This callback needs to create new relation storage for `rel`, with * appropriate durability behaviour for `persistence`. * * Note that only the subset of the relcache filled by * RelationBuildLocalRelation() can be relied upon and that the relation's * catalog entries will either not yet exist (new relation), or will still * reference the old relfilelocator. * * As output *freezeXid, *minmulti must be set to the values appropriate * for pg_class.{relfrozenxid, relminmxid}. For AMs that don't need those * fields to be filled they can be set to InvalidTransactionId and * InvalidMultiXactId, respectively. * * See also table_relation_set_new_filelocator(). */ void (*relation_set_new_filelocator) (Relation rel, const RelFileLocator *newrlocator, char persistence, TransactionId *freezeXid, MultiXactId *minmulti); /* * This callback needs to remove all contents from `rel`'s current * relfilelocator. No provisions for transactional behaviour need to be * made. Often this can be implemented by truncating the underlying * storage to its minimal size. * * See also table_relation_nontransactional_truncate(). */ void (*relation_nontransactional_truncate) (Relation rel); /* * See table_relation_copy_data(). * * This can typically be implemented by directly copying the underlying * storage, unless it contains references to the tablespace internally. */ void (*relation_copy_data) (Relation rel, const RelFileLocator *newrlocator); /* See table_relation_copy_for_cluster() */ void (*relation_copy_for_cluster) (Relation NewTable, Relation OldTable, Relation OldIndex, bool use_sort, TransactionId OldestXmin, TransactionId *xid_cutoff, MultiXactId *multi_cutoff, double *num_tuples, double *tups_vacuumed, double *tups_recently_dead); /* * React to VACUUM command on the relation. The VACUUM can be triggered by * a user or by autovacuum. The specific actions performed by the AM will * depend heavily on the individual AM. * * On entry a transaction is already established, and the relation is * locked with a ShareUpdateExclusive lock. * * Note that neither VACUUM FULL (and CLUSTER), nor ANALYZE go through * this routine, even if (for ANALYZE) it is part of the same VACUUM * command. * * There probably, in the future, needs to be a separate callback to * integrate with autovacuum's scheduling. */ void (*relation_vacuum) (Relation rel, struct VacuumParams *params, BufferAccessStrategy bstrategy); /* * Prepare to analyze block `blockno` of `scan`. The scan has been started * with table_beginscan_analyze(). See also * table_scan_analyze_next_block(). * * The callback may acquire resources like locks that are held until * table_scan_analyze_next_tuple() returns false. It e.g. can make sense * to hold a lock until all tuples on a block have been analyzed by * scan_analyze_next_tuple. * * The callback can return false if the block is not suitable for * sampling, e.g. because it's a metapage that could never contain tuples. * * XXX: This obviously is primarily suited for block-based AMs. It's not * clear what a good interface for non block based AMs would be, so there * isn't one yet. */ bool (*scan_analyze_next_block) (TableScanDesc scan, BlockNumber blockno, BufferAccessStrategy bstrategy); /* * See table_scan_analyze_next_tuple(). * * Not every AM might have a meaningful concept of dead rows, in which * case it's OK to not increment *deadrows - but note that that may * influence autovacuum scheduling (see comment for relation_vacuum * callback). */ bool (*scan_analyze_next_tuple) (TableScanDesc scan, TransactionId OldestXmin, double *liverows, double *deadrows, TupleTableSlot *slot); /* see table_index_build_range_scan for reference about parameters */ double (*index_build_range_scan) (Relation table_rel, Relation index_rel, struct IndexInfo *index_info, bool allow_sync, bool anyvisible, bool progress, BlockNumber start_blockno, BlockNumber numblocks, IndexBuildCallback callback, void *callback_state, TableScanDesc scan); /* see table_index_validate_scan for reference about parameters */ void (*index_validate_scan) (Relation table_rel, Relation index_rel, struct IndexInfo *index_info, Snapshot snapshot, struct ValidateIndexState *state); /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Miscellaneous functions. * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* * See table_relation_size(). * * Note that currently a few callers use the MAIN_FORKNUM size to figure * out the range of potentially interesting blocks (brin, analyze). It's * probable that we'll need to revise the interface for those at some * point. */ uint64 (*relation_size) (Relation rel, ForkNumber forkNumber); /* * This callback should return true if the relation requires a TOAST table * and false if it does not. It may wish to examine the relation's tuple * descriptor before making a decision, but if it uses some other method * of storing large values (or if it does not support them) it can simply * return false. */ bool (*relation_needs_toast_table) (Relation rel); /* * This callback should return the OID of the table AM that implements * TOAST tables for this AM. If the relation_needs_toast_table callback * always returns false, this callback is not required. */ Oid (*relation_toast_am) (Relation rel); /* * This callback is invoked when detoasting a value stored in a toast * table implemented by this AM. See table_relation_fetch_toast_slice() * for more details. */ void (*relation_fetch_toast_slice) (Relation toastrel, Oid valueid, int32 attrsize, int32 sliceoffset, int32 slicelength, struct varlena *result); /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Planner related functions. * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* * See table_relation_estimate_size(). * * While block oriented, it shouldn't be too hard for an AM that doesn't * internally use blocks to convert into a usable representation. * * This differs from the relation_size callback by returning size * estimates (both relation size and tuple count) for planning purposes, * rather than returning a currently correct estimate. */ void (*relation_estimate_size) (Relation rel, int32 *attr_widths, BlockNumber *pages, double *tuples, double *allvisfrac); /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Executor related functions. * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* * Prepare to fetch / check / return tuples from `tbmres->blockno` as part * of a bitmap table scan. `scan` was started via table_beginscan_bm(). * Return false if there are no tuples to be found on the page, true * otherwise. * * This will typically read and pin the target block, and do the necessary * work to allow scan_bitmap_next_tuple() to return tuples (e.g. it might * make sense to perform tuple visibility checks at this time). For some * AMs it will make more sense to do all the work referencing `tbmres` * contents here, for others it might be better to defer more work to * scan_bitmap_next_tuple. * * If `tbmres->blockno` is -1, this is a lossy scan and all visible tuples * on the page have to be returned, otherwise the tuples at offsets in * `tbmres->offsets` need to be returned. * * XXX: Currently this may only be implemented if the AM uses md.c as its * storage manager, and uses ItemPointer->ip_blkid in a manner that maps * blockids directly to the underlying storage. nodeBitmapHeapscan.c * performs prefetching directly using that interface. This probably * needs to be rectified at a later point. * * XXX: Currently this may only be implemented if the AM uses the * visibilitymap, as nodeBitmapHeapscan.c unconditionally accesses it to * perform prefetching. This probably needs to be rectified at a later * point. * * Optional callback, but either both scan_bitmap_next_block and * scan_bitmap_next_tuple need to exist, or neither. */ bool (*scan_bitmap_next_block) (TableScanDesc scan, struct TBMIterateResult *tbmres); /* * Fetch the next tuple of a bitmap table scan into `slot` and return true * if a visible tuple was found, false otherwise. * * For some AMs it will make more sense to do all the work referencing * `tbmres` contents in scan_bitmap_next_block, for others it might be * better to defer more work to this callback. * * Optional callback, but either both scan_bitmap_next_block and * scan_bitmap_next_tuple need to exist, or neither. */ bool (*scan_bitmap_next_tuple) (TableScanDesc scan, struct TBMIterateResult *tbmres, TupleTableSlot *slot); /* * Prepare to fetch tuples from the next block in a sample scan. Return * false if the sample scan is finished, true otherwise. `scan` was * started via table_beginscan_sampling(). * * Typically this will first determine the target block by calling the * TsmRoutine's NextSampleBlock() callback if not NULL, or alternatively * perform a sequential scan over all blocks. The determined block is * then typically read and pinned. * * As the TsmRoutine interface is block based, a block needs to be passed * to NextSampleBlock(). If that's not appropriate for an AM, it * internally needs to perform mapping between the internal and a block * based representation. * * Note that it's not acceptable to hold deadlock prone resources such as * lwlocks until scan_sample_next_tuple() has exhausted the tuples on the * block - the tuple is likely to be returned to an upper query node, and * the next call could be off a long while. Holding buffer pins and such * is obviously OK. * * Currently it is required to implement this interface, as there's no * alternative way (contrary e.g. to bitmap scans) to implement sample * scans. If infeasible to implement, the AM may raise an error. */ bool (*scan_sample_next_block) (TableScanDesc scan, struct SampleScanState *scanstate); /* * This callback, only called after scan_sample_next_block has returned * true, should determine the next tuple to be returned from the selected * block using the TsmRoutine's NextSampleTuple() callback. * * The callback needs to perform visibility checks, and only return * visible tuples. That obviously can mean calling NextSampleTuple() * multiple times. * * The TsmRoutine interface assumes that there's a maximum offset on a * given page, so if that doesn't apply to an AM, it needs to emulate that * assumption somehow. */ bool (*scan_sample_next_tuple) (TableScanDesc scan, struct SampleScanState *scanstate, TupleTableSlot *slot); } TableAmRoutine; /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Slot functions. * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* * Returns slot callbacks suitable for holding tuples of the appropriate type * for the relation. Works for tables, views, foreign tables and partitioned * tables. */ extern const TupleTableSlotOps *table_slot_callbacks(Relation relation); /* * Returns slot using the callbacks returned by table_slot_callbacks(), and * registers it on *reglist. */ extern TupleTableSlot *table_slot_create(Relation relation, List **reglist); /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Table scan functions. * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* * Start a scan of `rel`. Returned tuples pass a visibility test of * `snapshot`, and if nkeys != 0, the results are filtered by those scan keys. */ static inline TableScanDesc table_beginscan(Relation rel, Snapshot snapshot, int nkeys, struct ScanKeyData *key) { uint32 flags = SO_TYPE_SEQSCAN | SO_ALLOW_STRAT | SO_ALLOW_SYNC | SO_ALLOW_PAGEMODE; return rel->rd_tableam->scan_begin(rel, snapshot, nkeys, key, NULL, flags); } /* * Like table_beginscan(), but for scanning catalog. It'll automatically use a * snapshot appropriate for scanning catalog relations. */ extern TableScanDesc table_beginscan_catalog(Relation relation, int nkeys, struct ScanKeyData *key); /* * Like table_beginscan(), but table_beginscan_strat() offers an extended API * that lets the caller control whether a nondefault buffer access strategy * can be used, and whether syncscan can be chosen (possibly resulting in the * scan not starting from block zero). Both of these default to true with * plain table_beginscan. */ static inline TableScanDesc table_beginscan_strat(Relation rel, Snapshot snapshot, int nkeys, struct ScanKeyData *key, bool allow_strat, bool allow_sync) { uint32 flags = SO_TYPE_SEQSCAN | SO_ALLOW_PAGEMODE; if (allow_strat) flags |= SO_ALLOW_STRAT; if (allow_sync) flags |= SO_ALLOW_SYNC; return rel->rd_tableam->scan_begin(rel, snapshot, nkeys, key, NULL, flags); } /* * table_beginscan_bm is an alternative entry point for setting up a * TableScanDesc for a bitmap heap scan. Although that scan technology is * really quite unlike a standard seqscan, there is just enough commonality to * make it worth using the same data structure. */ static inline TableScanDesc table_beginscan_bm(Relation rel, Snapshot snapshot, int nkeys, struct ScanKeyData *key) { uint32 flags = SO_TYPE_BITMAPSCAN | SO_ALLOW_PAGEMODE; return rel->rd_tableam->scan_begin(rel, snapshot, nkeys, key, NULL, flags); } /* * table_beginscan_sampling is an alternative entry point for setting up a * TableScanDesc for a TABLESAMPLE scan. As with bitmap scans, it's worth * using the same data structure although the behavior is rather different. * In addition to the options offered by table_beginscan_strat, this call * also allows control of whether page-mode visibility checking is used. */ static inline TableScanDesc table_beginscan_sampling(Relation rel, Snapshot snapshot, int nkeys, struct ScanKeyData *key, bool allow_strat, bool allow_sync, bool allow_pagemode) { uint32 flags = SO_TYPE_SAMPLESCAN; if (allow_strat) flags |= SO_ALLOW_STRAT; if (allow_sync) flags |= SO_ALLOW_SYNC; if (allow_pagemode) flags |= SO_ALLOW_PAGEMODE; return rel->rd_tableam->scan_begin(rel, snapshot, nkeys, key, NULL, flags); } /* * table_beginscan_tid is an alternative entry point for setting up a * TableScanDesc for a Tid scan. As with bitmap scans, it's worth using * the same data structure although the behavior is rather different. */ static inline TableScanDesc table_beginscan_tid(Relation rel, Snapshot snapshot) { uint32 flags = SO_TYPE_TIDSCAN; return rel->rd_tableam->scan_begin(rel, snapshot, 0, NULL, NULL, flags); } /* * table_beginscan_analyze is an alternative entry point for setting up a * TableScanDesc for an ANALYZE scan. As with bitmap scans, it's worth using * the same data structure although the behavior is rather different. */ static inline TableScanDesc table_beginscan_analyze(Relation rel) { uint32 flags = SO_TYPE_ANALYZE; return rel->rd_tableam->scan_begin(rel, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, flags); } /* * End relation scan. */ static inline void table_endscan(TableScanDesc scan) { scan->rs_rd->rd_tableam->scan_end(scan); } /* * Restart a relation scan. */ static inline void table_rescan(TableScanDesc scan, struct ScanKeyData *key) { scan->rs_rd->rd_tableam->scan_rescan(scan, key, false, false, false, false); } /* * Restart a relation scan after changing params. * * This call allows changing the buffer strategy, syncscan, and pagemode * options before starting a fresh scan. Note that although the actual use of * syncscan might change (effectively, enabling or disabling reporting), the * previously selected startblock will be kept. */ static inline void table_rescan_set_params(TableScanDesc scan, struct ScanKeyData *key, bool allow_strat, bool allow_sync, bool allow_pagemode) { scan->rs_rd->rd_tableam->scan_rescan(scan, key, true, allow_strat, allow_sync, allow_pagemode); } /* * Update snapshot used by the scan. */ extern void table_scan_update_snapshot(TableScanDesc scan, Snapshot snapshot); /* * Return next tuple from `scan`, store in slot. */ static inline bool table_scan_getnextslot(TableScanDesc sscan, ScanDirection direction, TupleTableSlot *slot) { slot->tts_tableOid = RelationGetRelid(sscan->rs_rd); /* We don't expect actual scans using NoMovementScanDirection */ Assert(direction == ForwardScanDirection || direction == BackwardScanDirection); /* * We don't expect direct calls to table_scan_getnextslot with valid * CheckXidAlive for catalog or regular tables. See detailed comments in * xact.c where these variables are declared. */ if (unlikely(TransactionIdIsValid(CheckXidAlive) && !bsysscan)) elog(ERROR, "unexpected table_scan_getnextslot call during logical decoding"); return sscan->rs_rd->rd_tableam->scan_getnextslot(sscan, direction, slot); } /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * TID Range scanning related functions. * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* * table_beginscan_tidrange is the entry point for setting up a TableScanDesc * for a TID range scan. */ static inline TableScanDesc table_beginscan_tidrange(Relation rel, Snapshot snapshot, ItemPointer mintid, ItemPointer maxtid) { TableScanDesc sscan; uint32 flags = SO_TYPE_TIDRANGESCAN | SO_ALLOW_PAGEMODE; sscan = rel->rd_tableam->scan_begin(rel, snapshot, 0, NULL, NULL, flags); /* Set the range of TIDs to scan */ sscan->rs_rd->rd_tableam->scan_set_tidrange(sscan, mintid, maxtid); return sscan; } /* * table_rescan_tidrange resets the scan position and sets the minimum and * maximum TID range to scan for a TableScanDesc created by * table_beginscan_tidrange. */ static inline void table_rescan_tidrange(TableScanDesc sscan, ItemPointer mintid, ItemPointer maxtid) { /* Ensure table_beginscan_tidrange() was used. */ Assert((sscan->rs_flags & SO_TYPE_TIDRANGESCAN) != 0); sscan->rs_rd->rd_tableam->scan_rescan(sscan, NULL, false, false, false, false); sscan->rs_rd->rd_tableam->scan_set_tidrange(sscan, mintid, maxtid); } /* * Fetch the next tuple from `sscan` for a TID range scan created by * table_beginscan_tidrange(). Stores the tuple in `slot` and returns true, * or returns false if no more tuples exist in the range. */ static inline bool table_scan_getnextslot_tidrange(TableScanDesc sscan, ScanDirection direction, TupleTableSlot *slot) { /* Ensure table_beginscan_tidrange() was used. */ Assert((sscan->rs_flags & SO_TYPE_TIDRANGESCAN) != 0); /* We don't expect actual scans using NoMovementScanDirection */ Assert(direction == ForwardScanDirection || direction == BackwardScanDirection); return sscan->rs_rd->rd_tableam->scan_getnextslot_tidrange(sscan, direction, slot); } /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Parallel table scan related functions. * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* * Estimate the size of shared memory needed for a parallel scan of this * relation. */ extern Size table_parallelscan_estimate(Relation rel, Snapshot snapshot); /* * Initialize ParallelTableScanDesc for a parallel scan of this * relation. `pscan` needs to be sized according to parallelscan_estimate() * for the same relation. Call this just once in the leader process; then, * individual workers attach via table_beginscan_parallel. */ extern void table_parallelscan_initialize(Relation rel, ParallelTableScanDesc pscan, Snapshot snapshot); /* * Begin a parallel scan. `pscan` needs to have been initialized with * table_parallelscan_initialize(), for the same relation. The initialization * does not need to have happened in this backend. * * Caller must hold a suitable lock on the relation. */ extern TableScanDesc table_beginscan_parallel(Relation relation, ParallelTableScanDesc pscan); /* * Restart a parallel scan. Call this in the leader process. Caller is * responsible for making sure that all workers have finished the scan * beforehand. */ static inline void table_parallelscan_reinitialize(Relation rel, ParallelTableScanDesc pscan) { rel->rd_tableam->parallelscan_reinitialize(rel, pscan); } /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Index scan related functions. * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* * Prepare to fetch tuples from the relation, as needed when fetching tuples * for an index scan. * * Tuples for an index scan can then be fetched via table_index_fetch_tuple(). */ static inline IndexFetchTableData * table_index_fetch_begin(Relation rel) { return rel->rd_tableam->index_fetch_begin(rel); } /* * Reset index fetch. Typically this will release cross index fetch resources * held in IndexFetchTableData. */ static inline void table_index_fetch_reset(struct IndexFetchTableData *scan) { scan->rel->rd_tableam->index_fetch_reset(scan); } /* * Release resources and deallocate index fetch. */ static inline void table_index_fetch_end(struct IndexFetchTableData *scan) { scan->rel->rd_tableam->index_fetch_end(scan); } /* * Fetches, as part of an index scan, tuple at `tid` into `slot`, after doing * a visibility test according to `snapshot`. If a tuple was found and passed * the visibility test, returns true, false otherwise. Note that *tid may be * modified when we return true (see later remarks on multiple row versions * reachable via a single index entry). * * *call_again needs to be false on the first call to table_index_fetch_tuple() for * a tid. If there potentially is another tuple matching the tid, *call_again * will be set to true, signaling that table_index_fetch_tuple() should be called * again for the same tid. * * *all_dead, if all_dead is not NULL, will be set to true by * table_index_fetch_tuple() iff it is guaranteed that no backend needs to see * that tuple. Index AMs can use that to avoid returning that tid in future * searches. * * The difference between this function and table_tuple_fetch_row_version() * is that this function returns the currently visible version of a row if * the AM supports storing multiple row versions reachable via a single index * entry (like heap's HOT). Whereas table_tuple_fetch_row_version() only * evaluates the tuple exactly at `tid`. Outside of index entry ->table tuple * lookups, table_tuple_fetch_row_version() is what's usually needed. */ static inline bool table_index_fetch_tuple(struct IndexFetchTableData *scan, ItemPointer tid, Snapshot snapshot, TupleTableSlot *slot, bool *call_again, bool *all_dead) { /* * We don't expect direct calls to table_index_fetch_tuple with valid * CheckXidAlive for catalog or regular tables. See detailed comments in * xact.c where these variables are declared. */ if (unlikely(TransactionIdIsValid(CheckXidAlive) && !bsysscan)) elog(ERROR, "unexpected table_index_fetch_tuple call during logical decoding"); return scan->rel->rd_tableam->index_fetch_tuple(scan, tid, snapshot, slot, call_again, all_dead); } /* * This is a convenience wrapper around table_index_fetch_tuple() which * returns whether there are table tuple items corresponding to an index * entry. This likely is only useful to verify if there's a conflict in a * unique index. */ extern bool table_index_fetch_tuple_check(Relation rel, ItemPointer tid, Snapshot snapshot, bool *all_dead); /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Functions for non-modifying operations on individual tuples * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* * Fetch tuple at `tid` into `slot`, after doing a visibility test according to * `snapshot`. If a tuple was found and passed the visibility test, returns * true, false otherwise. * * See table_index_fetch_tuple's comment about what the difference between * these functions is. It is correct to use this function outside of index * entry->table tuple lookups. */ static inline bool table_tuple_fetch_row_version(Relation rel, ItemPointer tid, Snapshot snapshot, TupleTableSlot *slot) { /* * We don't expect direct calls to table_tuple_fetch_row_version with * valid CheckXidAlive for catalog or regular tables. See detailed * comments in xact.c where these variables are declared. */ if (unlikely(TransactionIdIsValid(CheckXidAlive) && !bsysscan)) elog(ERROR, "unexpected table_tuple_fetch_row_version call during logical decoding"); return rel->rd_tableam->tuple_fetch_row_version(rel, tid, snapshot, slot); } /* * Verify that `tid` is a potentially valid tuple identifier. That doesn't * mean that the pointed to row needs to exist or be visible, but that * attempting to fetch the row (e.g. with table_tuple_get_latest_tid() or * table_tuple_fetch_row_version()) should not error out if called with that * tid. * * `scan` needs to have been started via table_beginscan(). */ static inline bool table_tuple_tid_valid(TableScanDesc scan, ItemPointer tid) { return scan->rs_rd->rd_tableam->tuple_tid_valid(scan, tid); } /* * Return the latest version of the tuple at `tid`, by updating `tid` to * point at the newest version. */ extern void table_tuple_get_latest_tid(TableScanDesc scan, ItemPointer tid); /* * Return true iff tuple in slot satisfies the snapshot. * * This assumes the slot's tuple is valid, and of the appropriate type for the * AM. * * Some AMs might modify the data underlying the tuple as a side-effect. If so * they ought to mark the relevant buffer dirty. */ static inline bool table_tuple_satisfies_snapshot(Relation rel, TupleTableSlot *slot, Snapshot snapshot) { return rel->rd_tableam->tuple_satisfies_snapshot(rel, slot, snapshot); } /* * Determine which index tuples are safe to delete based on their table TID. * * Determines which entries from index AM caller's TM_IndexDeleteOp state * point to vacuumable table tuples. Entries that are found by tableam to be * vacuumable are naturally safe for index AM to delete, and so get directly * marked as deletable. See comments above TM_IndexDelete and comments above * TM_IndexDeleteOp for full details. * * Returns a snapshotConflictHorizon transaction ID that caller places in * its index deletion WAL record. This might be used during subsequent REDO * of the WAL record when in Hot Standby mode -- a recovery conflict for the * index deletion operation might be required on the standby. */ static inline TransactionId table_index_delete_tuples(Relation rel, TM_IndexDeleteOp *delstate) { return rel->rd_tableam->index_delete_tuples(rel, delstate); } /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Functions for manipulations of physical tuples. * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* * Insert a tuple from a slot into table AM routine. * * The options bitmask allows the caller to specify options that may change the * behaviour of the AM. The AM will ignore options that it does not support. * * If the TABLE_INSERT_SKIP_FSM option is specified, AMs are free to not reuse * free space in the relation. This can save some cycles when we know the * relation is new and doesn't contain useful amounts of free space. * TABLE_INSERT_SKIP_FSM is commonly passed directly to * RelationGetBufferForTuple. See that method for more information. * * TABLE_INSERT_FROZEN should only be specified for inserts into * relation storage created during the current subtransaction and when * there are no prior snapshots or pre-existing portals open. * This causes rows to be frozen, which is an MVCC violation and * requires explicit options chosen by user. * * TABLE_INSERT_NO_LOGICAL force-disables the emitting of logical decoding * information for the tuple. This should solely be used during table rewrites * where RelationIsLogicallyLogged(relation) is not yet accurate for the new * relation. * * Note that most of these options will be applied when inserting into the * heap's TOAST table, too, if the tuple requires any out-of-line data. * * The BulkInsertState object (if any; bistate can be NULL for default * behavior) is also just passed through to RelationGetBufferForTuple. If * `bistate` is provided, table_finish_bulk_insert() needs to be called. * * On return the slot's tts_tid and tts_tableOid are updated to reflect the * insertion. But note that any toasting of fields within the slot is NOT * reflected in the slots contents. */ static inline void table_tuple_insert(Relation rel, TupleTableSlot *slot, CommandId cid, int options, struct BulkInsertStateData *bistate) { rel->rd_tableam->tuple_insert(rel, slot, cid, options, bistate); } /* * Perform a "speculative insertion". These can be backed out afterwards * without aborting the whole transaction. Other sessions can wait for the * speculative insertion to be confirmed, turning it into a regular tuple, or * aborted, as if it never existed. Speculatively inserted tuples behave as * "value locks" of short duration, used to implement INSERT .. ON CONFLICT. * * A transaction having performed a speculative insertion has to either abort, * or finish the speculative insertion with * table_tuple_complete_speculative(succeeded = ...). */ static inline void table_tuple_insert_speculative(Relation rel, TupleTableSlot *slot, CommandId cid, int options, struct BulkInsertStateData *bistate, uint32 specToken) { rel->rd_tableam->tuple_insert_speculative(rel, slot, cid, options, bistate, specToken); } /* * Complete "speculative insertion" started in the same transaction. If * succeeded is true, the tuple is fully inserted, if false, it's removed. */ static inline void table_tuple_complete_speculative(Relation rel, TupleTableSlot *slot, uint32 specToken, bool succeeded) { rel->rd_tableam->tuple_complete_speculative(rel, slot, specToken, succeeded); } /* * Insert multiple tuples into a table. * * This is like table_tuple_insert(), but inserts multiple tuples in one * operation. That's often faster than calling table_tuple_insert() in a loop, * because e.g. the AM can reduce WAL logging and page locking overhead. * * Except for taking `nslots` tuples as input, and an array of TupleTableSlots * in `slots`, the parameters for table_multi_insert() are the same as for * table_tuple_insert(). * * Note: this leaks memory into the current memory context. You can create a * temporary context before calling this, if that's a problem. */ static inline void table_multi_insert(Relation rel, TupleTableSlot **slots, int nslots, CommandId cid, int options, struct BulkInsertStateData *bistate) { rel->rd_tableam->multi_insert(rel, slots, nslots, cid, options, bistate); } /* * Delete a tuple. * * NB: do not call this directly unless prepared to deal with * concurrent-update conditions. Use simple_table_tuple_delete instead. * * Input parameters: * relation - table to be modified (caller must hold suitable lock) * tid - TID of tuple to be deleted * cid - delete command ID (used for visibility test, and stored into * cmax if successful) * crosscheck - if not InvalidSnapshot, also check tuple against this * wait - true if should wait for any conflicting update to commit/abort * Output parameters: * tmfd - filled in failure cases (see below) * changingPart - true iff the tuple is being moved to another partition * table due to an update of the partition key. Otherwise, false. * * Normal, successful return value is TM_Ok, which means we did actually * delete it. Failure return codes are TM_SelfModified, TM_Updated, and * TM_BeingModified (the last only possible if wait == false). * * In the failure cases, the routine fills *tmfd with the tuple's t_ctid, * t_xmax, and, if possible, and, if possible, t_cmax. See comments for * struct TM_FailureData for additional info. */ static inline TM_Result table_tuple_delete(Relation rel, ItemPointer tid, CommandId cid, Snapshot snapshot, Snapshot crosscheck, bool wait, TM_FailureData *tmfd, bool changingPart) { return rel->rd_tableam->tuple_delete(rel, tid, cid, snapshot, crosscheck, wait, tmfd, changingPart); } /* * Update a tuple. * * NB: do not call this directly unless you are prepared to deal with * concurrent-update conditions. Use simple_table_tuple_update instead. * * Input parameters: * relation - table to be modified (caller must hold suitable lock) * otid - TID of old tuple to be replaced * slot - newly constructed tuple data to store * cid - update command ID (used for visibility test, and stored into * cmax/cmin if successful) * crosscheck - if not InvalidSnapshot, also check old tuple against this * wait - true if should wait for any conflicting update to commit/abort * Output parameters: * tmfd - filled in failure cases (see below) * lockmode - filled with lock mode acquired on tuple * update_indexes - in success cases this is set to true if new index entries * are required for this tuple * * Normal, successful return value is TM_Ok, which means we did actually * update it. Failure return codes are TM_SelfModified, TM_Updated, and * TM_BeingModified (the last only possible if wait == false). * * On success, the slot's tts_tid and tts_tableOid are updated to match the new * stored tuple; in particular, slot->tts_tid is set to the TID where the * new tuple was inserted, and its HEAP_ONLY_TUPLE flag is set iff a HOT * update was done. However, any TOAST changes in the new tuple's * data are not reflected into *newtup. * * In the failure cases, the routine fills *tmfd with the tuple's t_ctid, * t_xmax, and, if possible, t_cmax. See comments for struct TM_FailureData * for additional info. */ static inline TM_Result table_tuple_update(Relation rel, ItemPointer otid, TupleTableSlot *slot, CommandId cid, Snapshot snapshot, Snapshot crosscheck, bool wait, TM_FailureData *tmfd, LockTupleMode *lockmode, TU_UpdateIndexes *update_indexes) { return rel->rd_tableam->tuple_update(rel, otid, slot, cid, snapshot, crosscheck, wait, tmfd, lockmode, update_indexes); } /* * Lock a tuple in the specified mode. * * Input parameters: * relation: relation containing tuple (caller must hold suitable lock) * tid: TID of tuple to lock * snapshot: snapshot to use for visibility determinations * cid: current command ID (used for visibility test, and stored into * tuple's cmax if lock is successful) * mode: lock mode desired * wait_policy: what to do if tuple lock is not available * flags: * If TUPLE_LOCK_FLAG_LOCK_UPDATE_IN_PROGRESS, follow the update chain to * also lock descendant tuples if lock modes don't conflict. * If TUPLE_LOCK_FLAG_FIND_LAST_VERSION, follow the update chain and lock * latest version. * * Output parameters: * *slot: contains the target tuple * *tmfd: filled in failure cases (see below) * * Function result may be: * TM_Ok: lock was successfully acquired * TM_Invisible: lock failed because tuple was never visible to us * TM_SelfModified: lock failed because tuple updated by self * TM_Updated: lock failed because tuple updated by other xact * TM_Deleted: lock failed because tuple deleted by other xact * TM_WouldBlock: lock couldn't be acquired and wait_policy is skip * * In the failure cases other than TM_Invisible and TM_Deleted, the routine * fills *tmfd with the tuple's t_ctid, t_xmax, and, if possible, t_cmax. See * comments for struct TM_FailureData for additional info. */ static inline TM_Result table_tuple_lock(Relation rel, ItemPointer tid, Snapshot snapshot, TupleTableSlot *slot, CommandId cid, LockTupleMode mode, LockWaitPolicy wait_policy, uint8 flags, TM_FailureData *tmfd) { return rel->rd_tableam->tuple_lock(rel, tid, snapshot, slot, cid, mode, wait_policy, flags, tmfd); } /* * Perform operations necessary to complete insertions made via * tuple_insert and multi_insert with a BulkInsertState specified. */ static inline void table_finish_bulk_insert(Relation rel, int options) { /* optional callback */ if (rel->rd_tableam && rel->rd_tableam->finish_bulk_insert) rel->rd_tableam->finish_bulk_insert(rel, options); } /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * DDL related functionality. * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* * Create storage for `rel` in `newrlocator`, with persistence set to * `persistence`. * * This is used both during relation creation and various DDL operations to * create new rel storage that can be filled from scratch. When creating * new storage for an existing relfilelocator, this should be called before the * relcache entry has been updated. * * *freezeXid, *minmulti are set to the xid / multixact horizon for the table * that pg_class.{relfrozenxid, relminmxid} have to be set to. */ static inline void table_relation_set_new_filelocator(Relation rel, const RelFileLocator *newrlocator, char persistence, TransactionId *freezeXid, MultiXactId *minmulti) { rel->rd_tableam->relation_set_new_filelocator(rel, newrlocator, persistence, freezeXid, minmulti); } /* * Remove all table contents from `rel`, in a non-transactional manner. * Non-transactional meaning that there's no need to support rollbacks. This * commonly only is used to perform truncations for relation storage created in * the current transaction. */ static inline void table_relation_nontransactional_truncate(Relation rel) { rel->rd_tableam->relation_nontransactional_truncate(rel); } /* * Copy data from `rel` into the new relfilelocator `newrlocator`. The new * relfilelocator may not have storage associated before this function is * called. This is only supposed to be used for low level operations like * changing a relation's tablespace. */ static inline void table_relation_copy_data(Relation rel, const RelFileLocator *newrlocator) { rel->rd_tableam->relation_copy_data(rel, newrlocator); } /* * Copy data from `OldTable` into `NewTable`, as part of a CLUSTER or VACUUM * FULL. * * Additional Input parameters: * - use_sort - if true, the table contents are sorted appropriate for * `OldIndex`; if false and OldIndex is not InvalidOid, the data is copied * in that index's order; if false and OldIndex is InvalidOid, no sorting is * performed * - OldIndex - see use_sort * - OldestXmin - computed by vacuum_get_cutoffs(), even when * not needed for the relation's AM * - *xid_cutoff - ditto * - *multi_cutoff - ditto * * Output parameters: * - *xid_cutoff - rel's new relfrozenxid value, may be invalid * - *multi_cutoff - rel's new relminmxid value, may be invalid * - *tups_vacuumed - stats, for logging, if appropriate for AM * - *tups_recently_dead - stats, for logging, if appropriate for AM */ static inline void table_relation_copy_for_cluster(Relation OldTable, Relation NewTable, Relation OldIndex, bool use_sort, TransactionId OldestXmin, TransactionId *xid_cutoff, MultiXactId *multi_cutoff, double *num_tuples, double *tups_vacuumed, double *tups_recently_dead) { OldTable->rd_tableam->relation_copy_for_cluster(OldTable, NewTable, OldIndex, use_sort, OldestXmin, xid_cutoff, multi_cutoff, num_tuples, tups_vacuumed, tups_recently_dead); } /* * Perform VACUUM on the relation. The VACUUM can be triggered by a user or by * autovacuum. The specific actions performed by the AM will depend heavily on * the individual AM. * * On entry a transaction needs to already been established, and the * table is locked with a ShareUpdateExclusive lock. * * Note that neither VACUUM FULL (and CLUSTER), nor ANALYZE go through this * routine, even if (for ANALYZE) it is part of the same VACUUM command. */ static inline void table_relation_vacuum(Relation rel, struct VacuumParams *params, BufferAccessStrategy bstrategy) { rel->rd_tableam->relation_vacuum(rel, params, bstrategy); } /* * Prepare to analyze block `blockno` of `scan`. The scan needs to have been * started with table_beginscan_analyze(). Note that this routine might * acquire resources like locks that are held until * table_scan_analyze_next_tuple() returns false. * * Returns false if block is unsuitable for sampling, true otherwise. */ static inline bool table_scan_analyze_next_block(TableScanDesc scan, BlockNumber blockno, BufferAccessStrategy bstrategy) { return scan->rs_rd->rd_tableam->scan_analyze_next_block(scan, blockno, bstrategy); } /* * Iterate over tuples in the block selected with * table_scan_analyze_next_block() (which needs to have returned true, and * this routine may not have returned false for the same block before). If a * tuple that's suitable for sampling is found, true is returned and a tuple * is stored in `slot`. * * *liverows and *deadrows are incremented according to the encountered * tuples. */ static inline bool table_scan_analyze_next_tuple(TableScanDesc scan, TransactionId OldestXmin, double *liverows, double *deadrows, TupleTableSlot *slot) { return scan->rs_rd->rd_tableam->scan_analyze_next_tuple(scan, OldestXmin, liverows, deadrows, slot); } /* * table_index_build_scan - scan the table to find tuples to be indexed * * This is called back from an access-method-specific index build procedure * after the AM has done whatever setup it needs. The parent table relation * is scanned to find tuples that should be entered into the index. Each * such tuple is passed to the AM's callback routine, which does the right * things to add it to the new index. After we return, the AM's index * build procedure does whatever cleanup it needs. * * The total count of live tuples is returned. This is for updating pg_class * statistics. (It's annoying not to be able to do that here, but we want to * merge that update with others; see index_update_stats.) Note that the * index AM itself must keep track of the number of index tuples; we don't do * so here because the AM might reject some of the tuples for its own reasons, * such as being unable to store NULLs. * * If 'progress', the PROGRESS_SCAN_BLOCKS_TOTAL counter is updated when * starting the scan, and PROGRESS_SCAN_BLOCKS_DONE is updated as we go along. * * A side effect is to set indexInfo->ii_BrokenHotChain to true if we detect * any potentially broken HOT chains. Currently, we set this if there are any * RECENTLY_DEAD or DELETE_IN_PROGRESS entries in a HOT chain, without trying * very hard to detect whether they're really incompatible with the chain tip. * This only really makes sense for heap AM, it might need to be generalized * for other AMs later. */ static inline double table_index_build_scan(Relation table_rel, Relation index_rel, struct IndexInfo *index_info, bool allow_sync, bool progress, IndexBuildCallback callback, void *callback_state, TableScanDesc scan) { return table_rel->rd_tableam->index_build_range_scan(table_rel, index_rel, index_info, allow_sync, false, progress, 0, InvalidBlockNumber, callback, callback_state, scan); } /* * As table_index_build_scan(), except that instead of scanning the complete * table, only the given number of blocks are scanned. Scan to end-of-rel can * be signaled by passing InvalidBlockNumber as numblocks. Note that * restricting the range to scan cannot be done when requesting syncscan. * * When "anyvisible" mode is requested, all tuples visible to any transaction * are indexed and counted as live, including those inserted or deleted by * transactions that are still in progress. */ static inline double table_index_build_range_scan(Relation table_rel, Relation index_rel, struct IndexInfo *index_info, bool allow_sync, bool anyvisible, bool progress, BlockNumber start_blockno, BlockNumber numblocks, IndexBuildCallback callback, void *callback_state, TableScanDesc scan) { return table_rel->rd_tableam->index_build_range_scan(table_rel, index_rel, index_info, allow_sync, anyvisible, progress, start_blockno, numblocks, callback, callback_state, scan); } /* * table_index_validate_scan - second table scan for concurrent index build * * See validate_index() for an explanation. */ static inline void table_index_validate_scan(Relation table_rel, Relation index_rel, struct IndexInfo *index_info, Snapshot snapshot, struct ValidateIndexState *state) { table_rel->rd_tableam->index_validate_scan(table_rel, index_rel, index_info, snapshot, state); } /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Miscellaneous functionality * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* * Return the current size of `rel` in bytes. If `forkNumber` is * InvalidForkNumber, return the relation's overall size, otherwise the size * for the indicated fork. * * Note that the overall size might not be the equivalent of the sum of sizes * for the individual forks for some AMs, e.g. because the AMs storage does * not neatly map onto the builtin types of forks. */ static inline uint64 table_relation_size(Relation rel, ForkNumber forkNumber) { return rel->rd_tableam->relation_size(rel, forkNumber); } /* * table_relation_needs_toast_table - does this relation need a toast table? */ static inline bool table_relation_needs_toast_table(Relation rel) { return rel->rd_tableam->relation_needs_toast_table(rel); } /* * Return the OID of the AM that should be used to implement the TOAST table * for this relation. */ static inline Oid table_relation_toast_am(Relation rel) { return rel->rd_tableam->relation_toast_am(rel); } /* * Fetch all or part of a TOAST value from a TOAST table. * * If this AM is never used to implement a TOAST table, then this callback * is not needed. But, if toasted values are ever stored in a table of this * type, then you will need this callback. * * toastrel is the relation in which the toasted value is stored. * * valueid identifies which toast value is to be fetched. For the heap, * this corresponds to the values stored in the chunk_id column. * * attrsize is the total size of the toast value to be fetched. * * sliceoffset is the offset within the toast value of the first byte that * should be fetched. * * slicelength is the number of bytes from the toast value that should be * fetched. * * result is caller-allocated space into which the fetched bytes should be * stored. */ static inline void table_relation_fetch_toast_slice(Relation toastrel, Oid valueid, int32 attrsize, int32 sliceoffset, int32 slicelength, struct varlena *result) { toastrel->rd_tableam->relation_fetch_toast_slice(toastrel, valueid, attrsize, sliceoffset, slicelength, result); } /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Planner related functionality * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* * Estimate the current size of the relation, as an AM specific workhorse for * estimate_rel_size(). Look there for an explanation of the parameters. */ static inline void table_relation_estimate_size(Relation rel, int32 *attr_widths, BlockNumber *pages, double *tuples, double *allvisfrac) { rel->rd_tableam->relation_estimate_size(rel, attr_widths, pages, tuples, allvisfrac); } /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Executor related functionality * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* * Prepare to fetch / check / return tuples from `tbmres->blockno` as part of * a bitmap table scan. `scan` needs to have been started via * table_beginscan_bm(). Returns false if there are no tuples to be found on * the page, true otherwise. * * Note, this is an optionally implemented function, therefore should only be * used after verifying the presence (at plan time or such). */ static inline bool table_scan_bitmap_next_block(TableScanDesc scan, struct TBMIterateResult *tbmres) { /* * We don't expect direct calls to table_scan_bitmap_next_block with valid * CheckXidAlive for catalog or regular tables. See detailed comments in * xact.c where these variables are declared. */ if (unlikely(TransactionIdIsValid(CheckXidAlive) && !bsysscan)) elog(ERROR, "unexpected table_scan_bitmap_next_block call during logical decoding"); return scan->rs_rd->rd_tableam->scan_bitmap_next_block(scan, tbmres); } /* * Fetch the next tuple of a bitmap table scan into `slot` and return true if * a visible tuple was found, false otherwise. * table_scan_bitmap_next_block() needs to previously have selected a * block (i.e. returned true), and no previous * table_scan_bitmap_next_tuple() for the same block may have * returned false. */ static inline bool table_scan_bitmap_next_tuple(TableScanDesc scan, struct TBMIterateResult *tbmres, TupleTableSlot *slot) { /* * We don't expect direct calls to table_scan_bitmap_next_tuple with valid * CheckXidAlive for catalog or regular tables. See detailed comments in * xact.c where these variables are declared. */ if (unlikely(TransactionIdIsValid(CheckXidAlive) && !bsysscan)) elog(ERROR, "unexpected table_scan_bitmap_next_tuple call during logical decoding"); return scan->rs_rd->rd_tableam->scan_bitmap_next_tuple(scan, tbmres, slot); } /* * Prepare to fetch tuples from the next block in a sample scan. Returns false * if the sample scan is finished, true otherwise. `scan` needs to have been * started via table_beginscan_sampling(). * * This will call the TsmRoutine's NextSampleBlock() callback if necessary * (i.e. NextSampleBlock is not NULL), or perform a sequential scan over the * underlying relation. */ static inline bool table_scan_sample_next_block(TableScanDesc scan, struct SampleScanState *scanstate) { /* * We don't expect direct calls to table_scan_sample_next_block with valid * CheckXidAlive for catalog or regular tables. See detailed comments in * xact.c where these variables are declared. */ if (unlikely(TransactionIdIsValid(CheckXidAlive) && !bsysscan)) elog(ERROR, "unexpected table_scan_sample_next_block call during logical decoding"); return scan->rs_rd->rd_tableam->scan_sample_next_block(scan, scanstate); } /* * Fetch the next sample tuple into `slot` and return true if a visible tuple * was found, false otherwise. table_scan_sample_next_block() needs to * previously have selected a block (i.e. returned true), and no previous * table_scan_sample_next_tuple() for the same block may have returned false. * * This will call the TsmRoutine's NextSampleTuple() callback. */ static inline bool table_scan_sample_next_tuple(TableScanDesc scan, struct SampleScanState *scanstate, TupleTableSlot *slot) { /* * We don't expect direct calls to table_scan_sample_next_tuple with valid * CheckXidAlive for catalog or regular tables. See detailed comments in * xact.c where these variables are declared. */ if (unlikely(TransactionIdIsValid(CheckXidAlive) && !bsysscan)) elog(ERROR, "unexpected table_scan_sample_next_tuple call during logical decoding"); return scan->rs_rd->rd_tableam->scan_sample_next_tuple(scan, scanstate, slot); } /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Functions to make modifications a bit simpler. * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ extern void simple_table_tuple_insert(Relation rel, TupleTableSlot *slot); extern void simple_table_tuple_delete(Relation rel, ItemPointer tid, Snapshot snapshot); extern void simple_table_tuple_update(Relation rel, ItemPointer otid, TupleTableSlot *slot, Snapshot snapshot, TU_UpdateIndexes *update_indexes); /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Helper functions to implement parallel scans for block oriented AMs. * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ extern Size table_block_parallelscan_estimate(Relation rel); extern Size table_block_parallelscan_initialize(Relation rel, ParallelTableScanDesc pscan); extern void table_block_parallelscan_reinitialize(Relation rel, ParallelTableScanDesc pscan); extern BlockNumber table_block_parallelscan_nextpage(Relation rel, ParallelBlockTableScanWorker pbscanwork, ParallelBlockTableScanDesc pbscan); extern void table_block_parallelscan_startblock_init(Relation rel, ParallelBlockTableScanWorker pbscanwork, ParallelBlockTableScanDesc pbscan); /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Helper functions to implement relation sizing for block oriented AMs. * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ extern uint64 table_block_relation_size(Relation rel, ForkNumber forkNumber); extern void table_block_relation_estimate_size(Relation rel, int32 *attr_widths, BlockNumber *pages, double *tuples, double *allvisfrac, Size overhead_bytes_per_tuple, Size usable_bytes_per_page); /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Functions in tableamapi.c * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ extern const TableAmRoutine *GetTableAmRoutine(Oid amhandler); extern const TableAmRoutine *GetHeapamTableAmRoutine(void); #endif /* TABLEAM_H */