-- -- CHAR -- -- fixed-length by value -- internally passed by value if <= 4 bytes in storage SELECT char 'c' = char 'c' AS true; -- -- Build a table for testing -- CREATE TABLE CHAR_TBL(f1 char); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('a'); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('A'); -- any of the following three input formats are acceptable INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('1'); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES (2); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('3'); -- zero-length char INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES (''); -- try char's of greater than 1 length INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('cd'); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('c '); SELECT '' AS seven, * FROM CHAR_TBL; SELECT '' AS six, c.* FROM CHAR_TBL c WHERE c.f1 <> 'a'; SELECT '' AS one, c.* FROM CHAR_TBL c WHERE c.f1 = 'a'; SELECT '' AS five, c.* FROM CHAR_TBL c WHERE c.f1 < 'a'; SELECT '' AS six, c.* FROM CHAR_TBL c WHERE c.f1 <= 'a'; SELECT '' AS one, c.* FROM CHAR_TBL c WHERE c.f1 > 'a'; SELECT '' AS two, c.* FROM CHAR_TBL c WHERE c.f1 >= 'a'; DROP TABLE CHAR_TBL; -- -- Now test longer arrays of char -- CREATE TABLE CHAR_TBL(f1 char(4)); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('a'); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('ab'); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('abcd'); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('abcde'); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('abcd '); SELECT '' AS four, * FROM CHAR_TBL;