-- Strings. SELECT '""'::json; -- OK. SELECT $$''$$::json; -- ERROR, single quotes are not allowed SELECT '"abc"'::json; -- OK SELECT '"abc'::json; -- ERROR, quotes not closed SELECT '"abc def"'::json; -- ERROR, unescaped newline in string constant SELECT '"\n\"\\"'::json; -- OK, legal escapes SELECT '"\v"'::json; -- ERROR, not a valid JSON escape -- see json_encoding test for input with unicode escapes -- Numbers. SELECT '1'::json; -- OK SELECT '0'::json; -- OK SELECT '01'::json; -- ERROR, not valid according to JSON spec SELECT '0.1'::json; -- OK SELECT '9223372036854775808'::json; -- OK, even though it's too large for int8 SELECT '1e100'::json; -- OK SELECT '1.3e100'::json; -- OK SELECT '1f2'::json; -- ERROR SELECT '0.x1'::json; -- ERROR SELECT '1.3ex100'::json; -- ERROR -- Arrays. SELECT '[]'::json; -- OK SELECT '[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]'::json; -- OK SELECT '[1,2]'::json; -- OK SELECT '[1,2,]'::json; -- ERROR, trailing comma SELECT '[1,2'::json; -- ERROR, no closing bracket SELECT '[1,[2]'::json; -- ERROR, no closing bracket -- Objects. SELECT '{}'::json; -- OK SELECT '{"abc"}'::json; -- ERROR, no value SELECT '{"abc":1}'::json; -- OK SELECT '{1:"abc"}'::json; -- ERROR, keys must be strings SELECT '{"abc",1}'::json; -- ERROR, wrong separator SELECT '{"abc"=1}'::json; -- ERROR, totally wrong separator SELECT '{"abc"::1}'::json; -- ERROR, another wrong separator SELECT '{"abc":1,"def":2,"ghi":[3,4],"hij":{"klm":5,"nop":[6]}}'::json; -- OK SELECT '{"abc":1:2}'::json; -- ERROR, colon in wrong spot SELECT '{"abc":1,3}'::json; -- ERROR, no value -- Recursion. SET max_stack_depth = '100kB'; SELECT repeat('[', 10000)::json; SELECT repeat('{"a":', 10000)::json; RESET max_stack_depth; -- Miscellaneous stuff. SELECT 'true'::json; -- OK SELECT 'false'::json; -- OK SELECT 'null'::json; -- OK SELECT ' true '::json; -- OK, even with extra whitespace SELECT 'true false'::json; -- ERROR, too many values SELECT 'true, false'::json; -- ERROR, too many values SELECT 'truf'::json; -- ERROR, not a keyword SELECT 'trues'::json; -- ERROR, not a keyword SELECT ''::json; -- ERROR, no value SELECT ' '::json; -- ERROR, no value --constructors -- array_to_json SELECT array_to_json(array(select 1 as a)); SELECT array_to_json(array_agg(q),false) from (select x as b, x * 2 as c from generate_series(1,3) x) q; SELECT array_to_json(array_agg(q),true) from (select x as b, x * 2 as c from generate_series(1,3) x) q; SELECT array_to_json(array_agg(q),false) FROM ( SELECT $$a$$ || x AS b, y AS c, ARRAY[ROW(x.*,ARRAY[1,2,3]), ROW(y.*,ARRAY[4,5,6])] AS z FROM generate_series(1,2) x, generate_series(4,5) y) q; SELECT array_to_json(array_agg(x),false) from generate_series(5,10) x; SELECT array_to_json('{{1,5},{99,100}}'::int[]); -- row_to_json SELECT row_to_json(row(1,'foo')); SELECT row_to_json(q) FROM (SELECT $$a$$ || x AS b, y AS c, ARRAY[ROW(x.*,ARRAY[1,2,3]), ROW(y.*,ARRAY[4,5,6])] AS z FROM generate_series(1,2) x, generate_series(4,5) y) q; SELECT row_to_json(q,true) FROM (SELECT $$a$$ || x AS b, y AS c, ARRAY[ROW(x.*,ARRAY[1,2,3]), ROW(y.*,ARRAY[4,5,6])] AS z FROM generate_series(1,2) x, generate_series(4,5) y) q; CREATE TEMP TABLE rows AS SELECT x, 'txt' || x as y FROM generate_series(1,3) AS x; SELECT row_to_json(q,true) FROM rows q; SELECT row_to_json(row((select array_agg(x) as d from generate_series(5,10) x)),false); -- to_json, timestamps select to_json(timestamp '2014-05-28 12:22:35.614298'); BEGIN; SET LOCAL TIME ZONE 10.5; select to_json(timestamptz '2014-05-28 12:22:35.614298-04'); SET LOCAL TIME ZONE -8; select to_json(timestamptz '2014-05-28 12:22:35.614298-04'); COMMIT; select to_json(date '2014-05-28'); select to_json(date 'Infinity'); select to_json(date '-Infinity'); select to_json(timestamp 'Infinity'); select to_json(timestamp '-Infinity'); select to_json(timestamptz 'Infinity'); select to_json(timestamptz '-Infinity'); --json_agg SELECT json_agg(q) FROM ( SELECT $$a$$ || x AS b, y AS c, ARRAY[ROW(x.*,ARRAY[1,2,3]), ROW(y.*,ARRAY[4,5,6])] AS z FROM generate_series(1,2) x, generate_series(4,5) y) q; SELECT json_agg(q ORDER BY x, y) FROM rows q; UPDATE rows SET x = NULL WHERE x = 1; SELECT json_agg(q ORDER BY x NULLS FIRST, y) FROM rows q; -- non-numeric output SELECT row_to_json(q) FROM (SELECT 'NaN'::float8 AS "float8field") q; SELECT row_to_json(q) FROM (SELECT 'Infinity'::float8 AS "float8field") q; SELECT row_to_json(q) FROM (SELECT '-Infinity'::float8 AS "float8field") q; -- json input SELECT row_to_json(q) FROM (SELECT '{"a":1,"b": [2,3,4,"d","e","f"],"c":{"p":1,"q":2}}'::json AS "jsonfield") q; -- json extraction functions CREATE TEMP TABLE test_json ( json_type text, test_json json ); INSERT INTO test_json VALUES ('scalar','"a scalar"'), ('array','["zero", "one","two",null,"four","five", [1,2,3],{"f1":9}]'), ('object','{"field1":"val1","field2":"val2","field3":null, "field4": 4, "field5": [1,2,3], "field6": {"f1":9}}'); SELECT test_json -> 'x' FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'scalar'; SELECT test_json -> 'x' FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'array'; SELECT test_json -> 'x' FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'object'; SELECT test_json->'field2' FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'object'; SELECT test_json->>'field2' FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'object'; SELECT test_json -> 2 FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'scalar'; SELECT test_json -> 2 FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'array'; SELECT test_json -> -1 FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'array'; SELECT test_json -> 2 FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'object'; SELECT test_json->>2 FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'array'; SELECT test_json ->> 6 FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'array'; SELECT test_json ->> 7 FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'array'; SELECT test_json ->> 'field4' FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'object'; SELECT test_json ->> 'field5' FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'object'; SELECT test_json ->> 'field6' FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'object'; SELECT json_object_keys(test_json) FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'scalar'; SELECT json_object_keys(test_json) FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'array'; SELECT json_object_keys(test_json) FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'object'; -- test extending object_keys resultset - initial resultset size is 256 select count(*) from (select json_object_keys(json_object(array_agg(g))) from (select unnest(array['f'||n,n::text])as g from generate_series(1,300) as n) x ) y; -- nulls select (test_json->'field3') is null as expect_false from test_json where json_type = 'object'; select (test_json->>'field3') is null as expect_true from test_json where json_type = 'object'; select (test_json->3) is null as expect_false from test_json where json_type = 'array'; select (test_json->>3) is null as expect_true from test_json where json_type = 'array'; -- corner cases select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> null::text; select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> null::int; select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> 1; select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> -1; select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> 'z'; select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> ''; select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json -> 1; select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json -> 3; select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json -> 'z'; select '{"a": "c", "b": null}'::json -> 'b'; select '"foo"'::json -> 1; select '"foo"'::json -> 'z'; select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json ->> null::text; select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json ->> null::int; select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json ->> 1; select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json ->> 'z'; select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json ->> ''; select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json ->> 1; select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json ->> 3; select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json ->> 'z'; select '{"a": "c", "b": null}'::json ->> 'b'; select '"foo"'::json ->> 1; select '"foo"'::json ->> 'z'; -- array length SELECT json_array_length('[1,2,3,{"f1":1,"f2":[5,6]},4]'); SELECT json_array_length('[]'); SELECT json_array_length('{"f1":1,"f2":[5,6]}'); SELECT json_array_length('4'); -- each select json_each('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null}'); select * from json_each('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null,"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}') q; select json_each_text('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null,"f5":"null"}'); select * from json_each_text('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null,"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}') q; -- extract_path, extract_path_as_text select json_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f6'); select json_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2'); select json_extract_path('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',0::text); select json_extract_path('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',1::text); select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f6'); select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2'); select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',0::text); select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',1::text); -- extract_path nulls select json_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":null,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f5') is null as expect_false; select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":null,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f5') is null as expect_true; select json_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":[0,1,2,null]}','f4','3') is null as expect_false; select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":[0,1,2,null]}','f4','3') is null as expect_true; -- extract_path operators select '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>array['f4','f6']; select '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>array['f2']; select '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>array['f2','0']; select '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>array['f2','1']; select '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>>array['f4','f6']; select '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>>array['f2']; select '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>>array['f2','0']; select '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>>array['f2','1']; -- corner cases for same select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> '{}'; select '[1,2,3]'::json #> '{}'; select '"foo"'::json #> '{}'; select '42'::json #> '{}'; select 'null'::json #> '{}'; select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a']; select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a', null]; select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a', '']; select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a','b']; select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a','b','c']; select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a','b','c','d']; select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a','z','c']; select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json #> array['a','1','b']; select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json #> array['a','z','b']; select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json #> array['1','b']; select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json #> array['z','b']; select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": null}]'::json #> array['1','b']; select '"foo"'::json #> array['z']; select '42'::json #> array['f2']; select '42'::json #> array['0']; select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> '{}'; select '[1,2,3]'::json #>> '{}'; select '"foo"'::json #>> '{}'; select '42'::json #>> '{}'; select 'null'::json #>> '{}'; select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a']; select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a', null]; select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a', '']; select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a','b']; select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a','b','c']; select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a','b','c','d']; select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a','z','c']; select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json #>> array['a','1','b']; select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json #>> array['a','z','b']; select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json #>> array['1','b']; select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json #>> array['z','b']; select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": null}]'::json #>> array['1','b']; select '"foo"'::json #>> array['z']; select '42'::json #>> array['f2']; select '42'::json #>> array['0']; -- array_elements select json_array_elements('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false,"stringy"]'); select * from json_array_elements('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false,"stringy"]') q; select json_array_elements_text('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false,"stringy"]'); select * from json_array_elements_text('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false,"stringy"]') q; -- populate_record create type jpop as (a text, b int, c timestamp); select * from json_populate_record(null::jpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q; select * from json_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q; select * from json_populate_record(null::jpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q; select * from json_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q; select * from json_populate_record(null::jpop,'{"a":[100,200,false],"x":43.2}') q; select * from json_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jpop,'{"a":[100,200,false],"x":43.2}') q; select * from json_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jpop,'{"c":[100,200,false],"x":43.2}') q; -- populate_recordset select * from json_populate_recordset(null::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q; select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q; select * from json_populate_recordset(null::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q; select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q; select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"a":[100,200,300],"x":43.2},{"a":{"z":true},"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q; select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"c":[100,200,300],"x":43.2},{"a":{"z":true},"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q; create type jpop2 as (a int, b json, c int, d int); select * from json_populate_recordset(null::jpop2, '[{"a":2,"c":3,"b":{"z":4},"d":6}]') q; select * from json_populate_recordset(null::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q; select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q; select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"a":[100,200,300],"x":43.2},{"a":{"z":true},"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q; --json_typeof() function select value, json_typeof(value) from (values (json '123.4'), (json '-1'), (json '"foo"'), (json 'true'), (json 'false'), (json 'null'), (json '[1, 2, 3]'), (json '[]'), (json '{"x":"foo", "y":123}'), (json '{}'), (NULL::json)) as data(value); -- json_build_array, json_build_object, json_object_agg SELECT json_build_array('a',1,'b',1.2,'c',true,'d',null,'e',json '{"x": 3, "y": [1,2,3]}'); SELECT json_build_object('a',1,'b',1.2,'c',true,'d',null,'e',json '{"x": 3, "y": [1,2,3]}'); SELECT json_build_object( 'a', json_build_object('b',false,'c',99), 'd', json_build_object('e',array[9,8,7]::int[], 'f', (select row_to_json(r) from ( select relkind, oid::regclass as name from pg_class where relname = 'pg_class') r))); -- empty objects/arrays SELECT json_build_array(); SELECT json_build_object(); -- make sure keys are quoted SELECT json_build_object(1,2); -- keys must be scalar and not null SELECT json_build_object(null,2); SELECT json_build_object(r,2) FROM (SELECT 1 AS a, 2 AS b) r; SELECT json_build_object(json '{"a":1,"b":2}', 3); SELECT json_build_object('{1,2,3}'::int[], 3); CREATE TEMP TABLE foo (serial_num int, name text, type text); INSERT INTO foo VALUES (847001,'t15','GE1043'); INSERT INTO foo VALUES (847002,'t16','GE1043'); INSERT INTO foo VALUES (847003,'sub-alpha','GESS90'); SELECT json_build_object('turbines',json_object_agg(serial_num,json_build_object('name',name,'type',type))) FROM foo; SELECT json_object_agg(name, type) FROM foo; INSERT INTO foo VALUES (999999, NULL, 'bar'); SELECT json_object_agg(name, type) FROM foo; -- json_object -- empty object, one dimension SELECT json_object('{}'); -- empty object, two dimensions SELECT json_object('{}', '{}'); -- one dimension SELECT json_object('{a,1,b,2,3,NULL,"d e f","a b c"}'); -- same but with two dimensions SELECT json_object('{{a,1},{b,2},{3,NULL},{"d e f","a b c"}}'); -- odd number error SELECT json_object('{a,b,c}'); -- one column error SELECT json_object('{{a},{b}}'); -- too many columns error SELECT json_object('{{a,b,c},{b,c,d}}'); -- too many dimensions error SELECT json_object('{{{a,b},{c,d}},{{b,c},{d,e}}}'); --two argument form of json_object select json_object('{a,b,c,"d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}'); -- too many dimensions SELECT json_object('{{a,1},{b,2},{3,NULL},{"d e f","a b c"}}', '{{a,1},{b,2},{3,NULL},{"d e f","a b c"}}'); -- mismatched dimensions select json_object('{a,b,c,"d e f",g}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}'); select json_object('{a,b,c,"d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c",g}'); -- null key error select json_object('{a,b,NULL,"d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}'); -- empty key is allowed select json_object('{a,b,"","d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}'); -- json_to_record and json_to_recordset select * from json_to_record('{"a":1,"b":"foo","c":"bar"}') as x(a int, b text, d text); select * from json_to_recordset('[{"a":1,"b":"foo","d":false},{"a":2,"b":"bar","c":true}]') as x(a int, b text, c boolean); select * from json_to_recordset('[{"a":1,"b":{"d":"foo"},"c":true},{"a":2,"c":false,"b":{"d":"bar"}}]') as x(a int, b json, c boolean); select *, c is null as c_is_null from json_to_record('{"a":1, "b":{"c":16, "d":2}, "x":8}'::json) as t(a int, b json, c text, x int); select *, c is null as c_is_null from json_to_recordset('[{"a":1, "b":{"c":16, "d":2}, "x":8}]'::json) as t(a int, b json, c text, x int); -- json_strip_nulls select json_strip_nulls(null); select json_strip_nulls('1'); select json_strip_nulls('"a string"'); select json_strip_nulls('null'); select json_strip_nulls('[1,2,null,3,4]'); select json_strip_nulls('{"a":1,"b":null,"c":[2,null,3],"d":{"e":4,"f":null}}'); select json_strip_nulls('[1,{"a":1,"b":null,"c":2},3]'); -- an empty object is not null and should not be stripped select json_strip_nulls('{"a": {"b": null, "c": null}, "d": {} }');