--
-- grouping sets
--
-- test data sources
create temp view gstest1(a,b,v)
  as values (1,1,10),(1,1,11),(1,2,12),(1,2,13),(1,3,14),
            (2,3,15),
            (3,3,16),(3,4,17),
            (4,1,18),(4,1,19);
create temp table gstest2 (a integer, b integer, c integer, d integer,
                           e integer, f integer, g integer, h integer);
copy gstest2 from stdin;
create temp table gstest3 (a integer, b integer, c integer, d integer);
copy gstest3 from stdin;
alter table gstest3 add primary key (a);
create temp table gstest4(id integer, v integer,
                          unhashable_col bit(4), unsortable_col xid);
insert into gstest4
values (1,1,b'0000','1'), (2,2,b'0001','1'),
       (3,4,b'0010','2'), (4,8,b'0011','2'),
       (5,16,b'0000','2'), (6,32,b'0001','2'),
       (7,64,b'0010','1'), (8,128,b'0011','1');
create temp table gstest_empty (a integer, b integer, v integer);
create function gstest_data(v integer, out a integer, out b integer)
  returns setof record
  as $f$
    begin
      return query select v, i from generate_series(1,3) i;
    end;
  $f$ language plpgsql;
-- basic functionality
set enable_hashagg = false;  -- test hashing explicitly later
-- simple rollup with multiple plain aggregates, with and without ordering
-- (and with ordering differing from grouping)
select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b);
 a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
   |   |        3 | 145 |    10 |  19
(12 rows)

select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b) order by a,b;
 a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
   |   |        3 | 145 |    10 |  19
(12 rows)

select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b) order by b desc, a;
 a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
   |   |        3 | 145 |    10 |  19
 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
(12 rows)

select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b) order by coalesce(a,0)+coalesce(b,0);
 a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
   |   |        3 | 145 |    10 |  19
 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
(12 rows)

-- various types of ordered aggs
select a, b, grouping(a,b),
       array_agg(v order by v),
       string_agg(v::text, ':' order by v desc),
       percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by v),
       rank(1,2,12) within group (order by a,b,v)
  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b) order by a,b;
 a | b | grouping |            array_agg            |          string_agg           | percentile_disc | rank 
---+---+----------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------+-----------------+------
 1 | 1 |        0 | {10,11}                         | 11:10                         |              10 |    3
 1 | 2 |        0 | {12,13}                         | 13:12                         |              12 |    1
 1 | 3 |        0 | {14}                            | 14                            |              14 |    1
 1 |   |        1 | {10,11,12,13,14}                | 14:13:12:11:10                |              12 |    3
 2 | 3 |        0 | {15}                            | 15                            |              15 |    1
 2 |   |        1 | {15}                            | 15                            |              15 |    1
 3 | 3 |        0 | {16}                            | 16                            |              16 |    1
 3 | 4 |        0 | {17}                            | 17                            |              17 |    1
 3 |   |        1 | {16,17}                         | 17:16                         |              16 |    1
 4 | 1 |        0 | {18,19}                         | 19:18                         |              18 |    1
 4 |   |        1 | {18,19}                         | 19:18                         |              18 |    1
   |   |        3 | {10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19} | 19:18:17:16:15:14:13:12:11:10 |              14 |    3
(12 rows)

-- test usage of grouped columns in direct args of aggs
select grouping(a), a, array_agg(b),
       rank(a) within group (order by b nulls first),
       rank(a) within group (order by b nulls last)
  from (values (1,1),(1,4),(1,5),(3,1),(3,2)) v(a,b)
 group by rollup (a) order by a;
 grouping | a |  array_agg  | rank | rank 
----------+---+-------------+------+------
        0 | 1 | {1,4,5}     |    1 |    1
        0 | 3 | {1,2}       |    3 |    3
        1 |   | {1,4,5,1,2} |    1 |    6
(3 rows)

-- nesting with window functions
select a, b, sum(c), sum(sum(c)) over (order by a,b) as rsum
  from gstest2 group by rollup (a,b) order by rsum, a, b;
 a | b | sum | rsum 
---+---+-----+------
 1 | 1 |   8 |    8
 1 | 2 |   2 |   10
 1 |   |  10 |   20
 2 | 2 |   2 |   22
 2 |   |   2 |   24
   |   |  12 |   36
(6 rows)

-- nesting with grouping sets
select sum(c) from gstest2
  group by grouping sets((), grouping sets((), grouping sets(())))
  order by 1 desc;
 sum 
-----
  12
  12
  12
(3 rows)

select sum(c) from gstest2
  group by grouping sets((), grouping sets((), grouping sets(((a, b)))))
  order by 1 desc;
 sum 
-----
  12
  12
   8
   2
   2
(5 rows)

select sum(c) from gstest2
  group by grouping sets(grouping sets(rollup(c), grouping sets(cube(c))))
  order by 1 desc;
 sum 
-----
  12
  12
   6
   6
   6
   6
(6 rows)

select sum(c) from gstest2
  group by grouping sets(a, grouping sets(a, cube(b)))
  order by 1 desc;
 sum 
-----
  12
  10
  10
   8
   4
   2
   2
(7 rows)

select sum(c) from gstest2
  group by grouping sets(grouping sets((a, (b))))
  order by 1 desc;
 sum 
-----
   8
   2
   2
(3 rows)

select sum(c) from gstest2
  group by grouping sets(grouping sets((a, b)))
  order by 1 desc;
 sum 
-----
   8
   2
   2
(3 rows)

select sum(c) from gstest2
  group by grouping sets(grouping sets(a, grouping sets(a), a))
  order by 1 desc;
 sum 
-----
  10
  10
  10
   2
   2
   2
(6 rows)

select sum(c) from gstest2
  group by grouping sets(grouping sets(a, grouping sets(a, grouping sets(a), ((a)), a, grouping sets(a), (a)), a))
  order by 1 desc;
 sum 
-----
  10
  10
  10
  10
  10
  10
  10
  10
   2
   2
   2
   2
   2
   2
   2
   2
(16 rows)

select sum(c) from gstest2
  group by grouping sets((a,(a,b)), grouping sets((a,(a,b)),a))
  order by 1 desc;
 sum 
-----
  10
   8
   8
   2
   2
   2
   2
   2
(8 rows)

-- empty input: first is 0 rows, second 1, third 3 etc.
select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),a);
 a | b | sum | count 
---+---+-----+-------
(0 rows)

select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),());
 a | b | sum | count 
---+---+-----+-------
   |   |     |     0
(1 row)

select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),(),(),());
 a | b | sum | count 
---+---+-----+-------
   |   |     |     0
   |   |     |     0
   |   |     |     0
(3 rows)

select sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((),(),());
 sum | count 
-----+-------
     |     0
     |     0
     |     0
(3 rows)

-- empty input with joins tests some important code paths
select t1.a, t2.b, sum(t1.v), count(*) from gstest_empty t1, gstest_empty t2
 group by grouping sets ((t1.a,t2.b),());
 a | b | sum | count 
---+---+-----+-------
   |   |     |     0
(1 row)

-- simple joins, var resolution, GROUPING on join vars
select t1.a, t2.b, grouping(t1.a, t2.b), sum(t1.v), max(t2.a)
  from gstest1 t1, gstest2 t2
 group by grouping sets ((t1.a, t2.b), ());
 a | b | grouping | sum  | max 
---+---+----------+------+-----
 1 | 1 |        0 |  420 |   1
 1 | 2 |        0 |  120 |   2
 2 | 1 |        0 |  105 |   1
 2 | 2 |        0 |   30 |   2
 3 | 1 |        0 |  231 |   1
 3 | 2 |        0 |   66 |   2
 4 | 1 |        0 |  259 |   1
 4 | 2 |        0 |   74 |   2
   |   |        3 | 1305 |   2
(9 rows)

select t1.a, t2.b, grouping(t1.a, t2.b), sum(t1.v), max(t2.a)
  from gstest1 t1 join gstest2 t2 on (t1.a=t2.a)
 group by grouping sets ((t1.a, t2.b), ());
 a | b | grouping | sum | max 
---+---+----------+-----+-----
 1 | 1 |        0 | 420 |   1
 1 | 2 |        0 |  60 |   1
 2 | 2 |        0 |  15 |   2
   |   |        3 | 495 |   2
(4 rows)

select a, b, grouping(a, b), sum(t1.v), max(t2.c)
  from gstest1 t1 join gstest2 t2 using (a,b)
 group by grouping sets ((a, b), ());
 a | b | grouping | sum | max 
---+---+----------+-----+-----
 1 | 1 |        0 | 147 |   2
 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |   2
   |   |        3 | 172 |   2
(3 rows)

-- check that functionally dependent cols are not nulled
select a, d, grouping(a,b,c)
  from gstest3
 group by grouping sets ((a,b), (a,c));
 a | d | grouping 
---+---+----------
 1 | 1 |        1
 2 | 2 |        1
 1 | 1 |        2
 2 | 2 |        2
(4 rows)

-- check that distinct grouping columns are kept separate
-- even if they are equal()
explain (costs off)
select g as alias1, g as alias2
  from generate_series(1,3) g
 group by alias1, rollup(alias2);
                   QUERY PLAN                   
------------------------------------------------
 GroupAggregate
   Group Key: g, g
   Group Key: g
   ->  Sort
         Sort Key: g
         ->  Function Scan on generate_series g
(6 rows)

select g as alias1, g as alias2
  from generate_series(1,3) g
 group by alias1, rollup(alias2);
 alias1 | alias2 
--------+--------
      1 |      1
      1 |       
      2 |      2
      2 |       
      3 |      3
      3 |       
(6 rows)

-- check that pulled-up subquery outputs still go to null when appropriate
select four, x
  from (select four, ten, 'foo'::text as x from tenk1) as t
  group by grouping sets (four, x)
  having x = 'foo';
 four |  x  
------+-----
      | foo
(1 row)

select four, x || 'x'
  from (select four, ten, 'foo'::text as x from tenk1) as t
  group by grouping sets (four, x)
  order by four;
 four | ?column? 
------+----------
    0 | 
    1 | 
    2 | 
    3 | 
      | foox
(5 rows)

select (x+y)*1, sum(z)
 from (select 1 as x, 2 as y, 3 as z) s
 group by grouping sets (x+y, x);
 ?column? | sum 
----------+-----
        3 |   3
          |   3
(2 rows)

select x, not x as not_x, q2 from
  (select *, q1 = 1 as x from int8_tbl i1) as t
  group by grouping sets(x, q2)
  order by x, q2;
 x | not_x |        q2         
---+-------+-------------------
 f | t     |                  
   |       | -4567890123456789
   |       |               123
   |       |               456
   |       |  4567890123456789
(5 rows)

-- check qual push-down rules for a subquery with grouping sets
explain (verbose, costs off)
select * from (
  select 1 as x, q1, sum(q2)
  from int8_tbl i1
  group by grouping sets(1, 2)
) ss
where x = 1 and q1 = 123;
                 QUERY PLAN                 
--------------------------------------------
 Subquery Scan on ss
   Output: ss.x, ss.q1, ss.sum
   Filter: ((ss.x = 1) AND (ss.q1 = 123))
   ->  GroupAggregate
         Output: (1), i1.q1, sum(i1.q2)
         Group Key: 1
         Sort Key: i1.q1
           Group Key: i1.q1
         ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i1
               Output: 1, i1.q1, i1.q2
(10 rows)

select * from (
  select 1 as x, q1, sum(q2)
  from int8_tbl i1
  group by grouping sets(1, 2)
) ss
where x = 1 and q1 = 123;
 x | q1 | sum 
---+----+-----
(0 rows)

-- check handling of pulled-up SubPlan in GROUPING() argument (bug #17479)
explain (verbose, costs off)
select grouping(ss.x)
from int8_tbl i1
cross join lateral (select (select i1.q1) as x) ss
group by ss.x;
                   QUERY PLAN                   
------------------------------------------------
 GroupAggregate
   Output: GROUPING((SubPlan 1)), ((SubPlan 2))
   Group Key: ((SubPlan 2))
   ->  Sort
         Output: ((SubPlan 2)), i1.q1
         Sort Key: ((SubPlan 2))
         ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i1
               Output: (SubPlan 2), i1.q1
               SubPlan 2
                 ->  Result
                       Output: i1.q1
(11 rows)

select grouping(ss.x)
from int8_tbl i1
cross join lateral (select (select i1.q1) as x) ss
group by ss.x;
 grouping 
----------
        0
        0
(2 rows)

explain (verbose, costs off)
select (select grouping(ss.x))
from int8_tbl i1
cross join lateral (select (select i1.q1) as x) ss
group by ss.x;
                 QUERY PLAN                 
--------------------------------------------
 GroupAggregate
   Output: (SubPlan 2), ((SubPlan 3))
   Group Key: ((SubPlan 3))
   ->  Sort
         Output: ((SubPlan 3)), i1.q1
         Sort Key: ((SubPlan 3))
         ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i1
               Output: (SubPlan 3), i1.q1
               SubPlan 3
                 ->  Result
                       Output: i1.q1
   SubPlan 2
     ->  Result
           Output: GROUPING((SubPlan 1))
(14 rows)

select (select grouping(ss.x))
from int8_tbl i1
cross join lateral (select (select i1.q1) as x) ss
group by ss.x;
 grouping 
----------
        0
        0
(2 rows)

-- simple rescan tests
select a, b, sum(v.x)
  from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
 group by rollup (a,b);
 a | b | sum 
---+---+-----
 1 | 1 |   1
 1 | 2 |   1
 1 | 3 |   1
 1 |   |   3
 2 | 1 |   2
 2 | 2 |   2
 2 | 3 |   2
 2 |   |   6
   |   |   9
(9 rows)

select *
  from (values (1),(2)) v(x),
       lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) group by rollup (a,b)) s;
ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in FROM clause of their own query level
LINE 3:        lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) ...
                                     ^
-- min max optimization should still work with GROUP BY ()
explain (costs off)
  select min(unique1) from tenk1 GROUP BY ();
                         QUERY PLAN                         
------------------------------------------------------------
 Result
   InitPlan 1
     ->  Limit
           ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
                 Index Cond: (unique1 IS NOT NULL)
(5 rows)

-- Views with GROUPING SET queries
CREATE VIEW gstest_view AS select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(c), count(*), max(c)
  from gstest2 group by rollup ((a,b,c),(c,d));
NOTICE:  view "gstest_view" will be a temporary view
select pg_get_viewdef('gstest_view'::regclass, true);
            pg_get_viewdef             
---------------------------------------
  SELECT a,                           +
     b,                               +
     GROUPING(a, b) AS "grouping",    +
     sum(c) AS sum,                   +
     count(*) AS count,               +
     max(c) AS max                    +
    FROM gstest2                      +
   GROUP BY ROLLUP((a, b, c), (c, d));
(1 row)

-- Nested queries with 3 or more levels of nesting
select(select (select grouping(a,b) from (values (1)) v2(c)) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY ROLLUP(e,f);
 grouping 
----------
        0
        0
        0
(3 rows)

select(select (select grouping(e,f) from (values (1)) v2(c)) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY ROLLUP(e,f);
 grouping 
----------
        0
        1
        3
(3 rows)

select(select (select grouping(c) from (values (1)) v2(c) GROUP BY c) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY ROLLUP(e,f);
 grouping 
----------
        0
        0
        0
(3 rows)

-- Combinations of operations
select a, b, c, d from gstest2 group by rollup(a,b),grouping sets(c,d);
 a | b | c | d 
---+---+---+---
 1 | 1 | 1 |  
 1 |   | 1 |  
   |   | 1 |  
 1 | 1 | 2 |  
 1 | 2 | 2 |  
 1 |   | 2 |  
 2 | 2 | 2 |  
 2 |   | 2 |  
   |   | 2 |  
 1 | 1 |   | 1
 1 |   |   | 1
   |   |   | 1
 1 | 1 |   | 2
 1 | 2 |   | 2
 1 |   |   | 2
 2 | 2 |   | 2
 2 |   |   | 2
   |   |   | 2
(18 rows)

select a, b from (values (1,2),(2,3)) v(a,b) group by a,b, grouping sets(a);
 a | b 
---+---
 1 | 2
 2 | 3
(2 rows)

-- Tests for chained aggregates
select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
  from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a,b),(a+1,b+1),(a+2,b+2)) order by 3,6;
 a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
   |   |        3 |  21 |     2 |  11
   |   |        3 |  21 |     2 |  11
   |   |        3 |  25 |     2 |  13
   |   |        3 |  25 |     2 |  13
   |   |        3 |  14 |     1 |  14
   |   |        3 |  14 |     1 |  14
   |   |        3 |  15 |     1 |  15
   |   |        3 |  15 |     1 |  15
   |   |        3 |  16 |     1 |  16
   |   |        3 |  16 |     1 |  16
   |   |        3 |  17 |     1 |  17
   |   |        3 |  17 |     1 |  17
   |   |        3 |  37 |     2 |  19
   |   |        3 |  37 |     2 |  19
(21 rows)

select(select (select grouping(a,b) from (values (1)) v2(c)) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY ROLLUP((e+1),(f+1));
 grouping 
----------
        0
        0
        0
(3 rows)

select(select (select grouping(a,b) from (values (1)) v2(c)) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY CUBE((e+1),(f+1)) ORDER BY (e+1),(f+1);
 grouping 
----------
        0
        0
        0
        0
(4 rows)

select a, b, sum(c), sum(sum(c)) over (order by a,b) as rsum
  from gstest2 group by cube (a,b) order by rsum, a, b;
 a | b | sum | rsum 
---+---+-----+------
 1 | 1 |   8 |    8
 1 | 2 |   2 |   10
 1 |   |  10 |   20
 2 | 2 |   2 |   22
 2 |   |   2 |   24
   | 1 |   8 |   32
   | 2 |   4 |   36
   |   |  12 |   48
(8 rows)

select a, b, sum(c) from (values (1,1,10),(1,1,11),(1,2,12),(1,2,13),(1,3,14),(2,3,15),(3,3,16),(3,4,17),(4,1,18),(4,1,19)) v(a,b,c) group by rollup (a,b);
 a | b | sum 
---+---+-----
 1 | 1 |  21
 1 | 2 |  25
 1 | 3 |  14
 1 |   |  60
 2 | 3 |  15
 2 |   |  15
 3 | 3 |  16
 3 | 4 |  17
 3 |   |  33
 4 | 1 |  37
 4 |   |  37
   |   | 145
(12 rows)

select a, b, sum(v.x)
  from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
 group by cube (a,b) order by a,b;
 a | b | sum 
---+---+-----
 1 | 1 |   1
 1 | 2 |   1
 1 | 3 |   1
 1 |   |   3
 2 | 1 |   2
 2 | 2 |   2
 2 | 3 |   2
 2 |   |   6
   | 1 |   3
   | 2 |   3
   | 3 |   3
   |   |   9
(12 rows)

-- Test reordering of grouping sets
explain (costs off)
select * from gstest1 group by grouping sets((a,b,v),(v)) order by v,b,a;
                                  QUERY PLAN                                  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 GroupAggregate
   Group Key: "*VALUES*".column3, "*VALUES*".column2, "*VALUES*".column1
   Group Key: "*VALUES*".column3
   ->  Sort
         Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column3, "*VALUES*".column2, "*VALUES*".column1
         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
(6 rows)

-- Agg level check. This query should error out.
select (select grouping(a,b) from gstest2) from gstest2 group by a,b;
ERROR:  arguments to GROUPING must be grouping expressions of the associated query level
LINE 1: select (select grouping(a,b) from gstest2) from gstest2 grou...
                                ^
--Nested queries
select a, b, sum(c), count(*) from gstest2 group by grouping sets (rollup(a,b),a);
 a | b | sum | count 
---+---+-----+-------
 1 | 1 |   8 |     7
 1 | 2 |   2 |     1
 1 |   |  10 |     8
 1 |   |  10 |     8
 2 | 2 |   2 |     1
 2 |   |   2 |     1
 2 |   |   2 |     1
   |   |  12 |     9
(8 rows)

-- HAVING queries
select ten, sum(distinct four) from onek a
group by grouping sets((ten,four),(ten))
having exists (select 1 from onek b where sum(distinct a.four) = b.four);
 ten | sum 
-----+-----
   0 |   0
   0 |   2
   0 |   2
   1 |   1
   1 |   3
   2 |   0
   2 |   2
   2 |   2
   3 |   1
   3 |   3
   4 |   0
   4 |   2
   4 |   2
   5 |   1
   5 |   3
   6 |   0
   6 |   2
   6 |   2
   7 |   1
   7 |   3
   8 |   0
   8 |   2
   8 |   2
   9 |   1
   9 |   3
(25 rows)

-- Tests around pushdown of HAVING clauses, partially testing against previous bugs
select a,count(*) from gstest2 group by rollup(a) order by a;
 a | count 
---+-------
 1 |     8
 2 |     1
   |     9
(3 rows)

select a,count(*) from gstest2 group by rollup(a) having a is distinct from 1 order by a;
 a | count 
---+-------
 2 |     1
   |     9
(2 rows)

explain (costs off)
  select a,count(*) from gstest2 group by rollup(a) having a is distinct from 1 order by a;
            QUERY PLAN            
----------------------------------
 GroupAggregate
   Group Key: a
   Group Key: ()
   Filter: (a IS DISTINCT FROM 1)
   ->  Sort
         Sort Key: a
         ->  Seq Scan on gstest2
(7 rows)

select v.c, (select count(*) from gstest2 group by () having v.c)
  from (values (false),(true)) v(c) order by v.c;
 c | count 
---+-------
 f |      
 t |     9
(2 rows)

explain (costs off)
  select v.c, (select count(*) from gstest2 group by () having v.c)
    from (values (false),(true)) v(c) order by v.c;
                        QUERY PLAN                         
-----------------------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
   ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
         SubPlan 1
           ->  Aggregate
                 Group Key: ()
                 Filter: "*VALUES*".column1
                 ->  Result
                       One-Time Filter: "*VALUES*".column1
                       ->  Seq Scan on gstest2
(10 rows)

-- HAVING with GROUPING queries
select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
group by grouping sets(ten) having grouping(ten) >= 0
order by 2,1;
 ten | grouping 
-----+----------
   0 |        0
   1 |        0
   2 |        0
   3 |        0
   4 |        0
   5 |        0
   6 |        0
   7 |        0
   8 |        0
   9 |        0
(10 rows)

select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
group by grouping sets(ten, four) having grouping(ten) > 0
order by 2,1;
 ten | grouping 
-----+----------
     |        1
     |        1
     |        1
     |        1
(4 rows)

select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
group by rollup(ten) having grouping(ten) > 0
order by 2,1;
 ten | grouping 
-----+----------
     |        1
(1 row)

select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
group by cube(ten) having grouping(ten) > 0
order by 2,1;
 ten | grouping 
-----+----------
     |        1
(1 row)

select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
group by (ten) having grouping(ten) >= 0
order by 2,1;
 ten | grouping 
-----+----------
   0 |        0
   1 |        0
   2 |        0
   3 |        0
   4 |        0
   5 |        0
   6 |        0
   7 |        0
   8 |        0
   9 |        0
(10 rows)

-- FILTER queries
select ten, sum(distinct four) filter (where four::text ~ '123') from onek a
group by rollup(ten);
 ten | sum 
-----+-----
   0 |    
   1 |    
   2 |    
   3 |    
   4 |    
   5 |    
   6 |    
   7 |    
   8 |    
   9 |    
     |    
(11 rows)

-- More rescan tests
select * from (values (1),(2)) v(a) left join lateral (select v.a, four, ten, count(*) from onek group by cube(four,ten)) s on true order by v.a,four,ten;
 a | a | four | ten | count 
---+---+------+-----+-------
 1 | 1 |    0 |   0 |    50
 1 | 1 |    0 |   2 |    50
 1 | 1 |    0 |   4 |    50
 1 | 1 |    0 |   6 |    50
 1 | 1 |    0 |   8 |    50
 1 | 1 |    0 |     |   250
 1 | 1 |    1 |   1 |    50
 1 | 1 |    1 |   3 |    50
 1 | 1 |    1 |   5 |    50
 1 | 1 |    1 |   7 |    50
 1 | 1 |    1 |   9 |    50
 1 | 1 |    1 |     |   250
 1 | 1 |    2 |   0 |    50
 1 | 1 |    2 |   2 |    50
 1 | 1 |    2 |   4 |    50
 1 | 1 |    2 |   6 |    50
 1 | 1 |    2 |   8 |    50
 1 | 1 |    2 |     |   250
 1 | 1 |    3 |   1 |    50
 1 | 1 |    3 |   3 |    50
 1 | 1 |    3 |   5 |    50
 1 | 1 |    3 |   7 |    50
 1 | 1 |    3 |   9 |    50
 1 | 1 |    3 |     |   250
 1 | 1 |      |   0 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   1 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   2 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   3 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   4 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   5 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   6 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   7 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   8 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   9 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |     |  1000
 2 | 2 |    0 |   0 |    50
 2 | 2 |    0 |   2 |    50
 2 | 2 |    0 |   4 |    50
 2 | 2 |    0 |   6 |    50
 2 | 2 |    0 |   8 |    50
 2 | 2 |    0 |     |   250
 2 | 2 |    1 |   1 |    50
 2 | 2 |    1 |   3 |    50
 2 | 2 |    1 |   5 |    50
 2 | 2 |    1 |   7 |    50
 2 | 2 |    1 |   9 |    50
 2 | 2 |    1 |     |   250
 2 | 2 |    2 |   0 |    50
 2 | 2 |    2 |   2 |    50
 2 | 2 |    2 |   4 |    50
 2 | 2 |    2 |   6 |    50
 2 | 2 |    2 |   8 |    50
 2 | 2 |    2 |     |   250
 2 | 2 |    3 |   1 |    50
 2 | 2 |    3 |   3 |    50
 2 | 2 |    3 |   5 |    50
 2 | 2 |    3 |   7 |    50
 2 | 2 |    3 |   9 |    50
 2 | 2 |    3 |     |   250
 2 | 2 |      |   0 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   1 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   2 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   3 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   4 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   5 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   6 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   7 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   8 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   9 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |     |  1000
(70 rows)

select array(select row(v.a,s1.*) from (select two,four, count(*) from onek group by cube(two,four) order by two,four) s1) from (values (1),(2)) v(a);
                                                                        array                                                                         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 {"(1,0,0,250)","(1,0,2,250)","(1,0,,500)","(1,1,1,250)","(1,1,3,250)","(1,1,,500)","(1,,0,250)","(1,,1,250)","(1,,2,250)","(1,,3,250)","(1,,,1000)"}
 {"(2,0,0,250)","(2,0,2,250)","(2,0,,500)","(2,1,1,250)","(2,1,3,250)","(2,1,,500)","(2,,0,250)","(2,,1,250)","(2,,2,250)","(2,,3,250)","(2,,,1000)"}
(2 rows)

-- Grouping on text columns
select sum(ten) from onek group by two, rollup(four::text) order by 1;
 sum  
------
 1000
 1000
 1250
 1250
 2000
 2500
(6 rows)

select sum(ten) from onek group by rollup(four::text), two order by 1;
 sum  
------
 1000
 1000
 1250
 1250
 2000
 2500
(6 rows)

-- hashing support
set enable_hashagg = true;
-- failure cases
select count(*) from gstest4 group by rollup(unhashable_col,unsortable_col);
ERROR:  could not implement GROUP BY
DETAIL:  Some of the datatypes only support hashing, while others only support sorting.
select array_agg(v order by v) from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((id,unsortable_col),(id));
ERROR:  could not implement GROUP BY
DETAIL:  Some of the datatypes only support hashing, while others only support sorting.
-- simple cases
select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
  from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a),(b)) order by 3,1,2;
 a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
   | 1 |        2 |  58 |     4 |  19
   | 2 |        2 |  25 |     2 |  13
   | 3 |        2 |  45 |     3 |  16
   | 4 |        2 |  17 |     1 |  17
(8 rows)

explain (costs off) select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
  from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a),(b)) order by 3,1,2;
                                               QUERY PLAN                                               
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Sort Key: (GROUPING("*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2)), "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
   ->  HashAggregate
         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column1
         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column2
         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
(6 rows)

select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
  from gstest1 group by cube(a,b) order by 3,1,2;
 a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
   | 1 |        2 |  58 |     4 |  19
   | 2 |        2 |  25 |     2 |  13
   | 3 |        2 |  45 |     3 |  16
   | 4 |        2 |  17 |     1 |  17
   |   |        3 | 145 |    10 |  19
(16 rows)

explain (costs off) select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
  from gstest1 group by cube(a,b) order by 3,1,2;
                                               QUERY PLAN                                               
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Sort Key: (GROUPING("*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2)), "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
   ->  MixedAggregate
         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column1
         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column2
         Group Key: ()
         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
(8 rows)

-- shouldn't try and hash
explain (costs off)
  select a, b, grouping(a,b), array_agg(v order by v)
    from gstest1 group by cube(a,b);
                        QUERY PLAN                        
----------------------------------------------------------
 GroupAggregate
   Group Key: "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
   Group Key: "*VALUES*".column1
   Group Key: ()
   Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column2
     Group Key: "*VALUES*".column2
   ->  Sort
         Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
(9 rows)

-- unsortable cases
select unsortable_col, count(*)
  from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((unsortable_col),(unsortable_col))
  order by unsortable_col::text;
 unsortable_col | count 
----------------+-------
              1 |     4
              1 |     4
              2 |     4
              2 |     4
(4 rows)

-- mixed hashable/sortable cases
select unhashable_col, unsortable_col,
       grouping(unhashable_col, unsortable_col),
       count(*), sum(v)
  from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((unhashable_col),(unsortable_col))
 order by 3, 5;
 unhashable_col | unsortable_col | grouping | count | sum 
----------------+----------------+----------+-------+-----
 0000           |                |        1 |     2 |  17
 0001           |                |        1 |     2 |  34
 0010           |                |        1 |     2 |  68
 0011           |                |        1 |     2 | 136
                |              2 |        2 |     4 |  60
                |              1 |        2 |     4 | 195
(6 rows)

explain (costs off)
  select unhashable_col, unsortable_col,
         grouping(unhashable_col, unsortable_col),
         count(*), sum(v)
    from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((unhashable_col),(unsortable_col))
   order by 3,5;
                            QUERY PLAN                            
------------------------------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Sort Key: (GROUPING(unhashable_col, unsortable_col)), (sum(v))
   ->  MixedAggregate
         Hash Key: unsortable_col
         Group Key: unhashable_col
         ->  Sort
               Sort Key: unhashable_col
               ->  Seq Scan on gstest4
(8 rows)

select unhashable_col, unsortable_col,
       grouping(unhashable_col, unsortable_col),
       count(*), sum(v)
  from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((v,unhashable_col),(v,unsortable_col))
 order by 3,5;
 unhashable_col | unsortable_col | grouping | count | sum 
----------------+----------------+----------+-------+-----
 0000           |                |        1 |     1 |   1
 0001           |                |        1 |     1 |   2
 0010           |                |        1 |     1 |   4
 0011           |                |        1 |     1 |   8
 0000           |                |        1 |     1 |  16
 0001           |                |        1 |     1 |  32
 0010           |                |        1 |     1 |  64
 0011           |                |        1 |     1 | 128
                |              1 |        2 |     1 |   1
                |              1 |        2 |     1 |   2
                |              2 |        2 |     1 |   4
                |              2 |        2 |     1 |   8
                |              2 |        2 |     1 |  16
                |              2 |        2 |     1 |  32
                |              1 |        2 |     1 |  64
                |              1 |        2 |     1 | 128
(16 rows)

explain (costs off)
  select unhashable_col, unsortable_col,
         grouping(unhashable_col, unsortable_col),
         count(*), sum(v)
    from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((v,unhashable_col),(v,unsortable_col))
   order by 3,5;
                            QUERY PLAN                            
------------------------------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Sort Key: (GROUPING(unhashable_col, unsortable_col)), (sum(v))
   ->  MixedAggregate
         Hash Key: v, unsortable_col
         Group Key: v, unhashable_col
         ->  Sort
               Sort Key: v, unhashable_col
               ->  Seq Scan on gstest4
(8 rows)

-- empty input: first is 0 rows, second 1, third 3 etc.
select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),a);
 a | b | sum | count 
---+---+-----+-------
(0 rows)

explain (costs off)
  select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),a);
           QUERY PLAN           
--------------------------------
 HashAggregate
   Hash Key: a, b
   Hash Key: a
   ->  Seq Scan on gstest_empty
(4 rows)

select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),());
 a | b | sum | count 
---+---+-----+-------
   |   |     |     0
(1 row)

select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),(),(),());
 a | b | sum | count 
---+---+-----+-------
   |   |     |     0
   |   |     |     0
   |   |     |     0
(3 rows)

explain (costs off)
  select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),(),(),());
           QUERY PLAN           
--------------------------------
 MixedAggregate
   Hash Key: a, b
   Group Key: ()
   Group Key: ()
   Group Key: ()
   ->  Seq Scan on gstest_empty
(6 rows)

select sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((),(),());
 sum | count 
-----+-------
     |     0
     |     0
     |     0
(3 rows)

explain (costs off)
  select sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((),(),());
           QUERY PLAN           
--------------------------------
 Aggregate
   Group Key: ()
   Group Key: ()
   Group Key: ()
   ->  Seq Scan on gstest_empty
(5 rows)

-- check that functionally dependent cols are not nulled
select a, d, grouping(a,b,c)
  from gstest3
 group by grouping sets ((a,b), (a,c));
 a | d | grouping 
---+---+----------
 1 | 1 |        1
 2 | 2 |        1
 1 | 1 |        2
 2 | 2 |        2
(4 rows)

explain (costs off)
  select a, d, grouping(a,b,c)
    from gstest3
   group by grouping sets ((a,b), (a,c));
        QUERY PLAN         
---------------------------
 HashAggregate
   Hash Key: a, b
   Hash Key: a, c
   ->  Seq Scan on gstest3
(4 rows)

-- simple rescan tests
select a, b, sum(v.x)
  from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
 group by grouping sets (a,b)
 order by 1, 2, 3;
 a | b | sum 
---+---+-----
 1 |   |   3
 2 |   |   6
   | 1 |   3
   | 2 |   3
   | 3 |   3
(5 rows)

explain (costs off)
  select a, b, sum(v.x)
    from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
   group by grouping sets (a,b)
   order by 3, 1, 2;
                             QUERY PLAN                              
---------------------------------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Sort Key: (sum("*VALUES*".column1)), gstest_data.a, gstest_data.b
   ->  HashAggregate
         Hash Key: gstest_data.a
         Hash Key: gstest_data.b
         ->  Nested Loop
               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
               ->  Function Scan on gstest_data
(8 rows)

select *
  from (values (1),(2)) v(x),
       lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) group by grouping sets (a,b)) s;
ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in FROM clause of their own query level
LINE 3:        lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) ...
                                     ^
explain (costs off)
  select *
    from (values (1),(2)) v(x),
         lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) group by grouping sets (a,b)) s;
ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in FROM clause of their own query level
LINE 4:          lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x...
                                       ^
-- Tests for chained aggregates
select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
  from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a,b),(a+1,b+1),(a+2,b+2)) order by 3,6;
 a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
   |   |        3 |  21 |     2 |  11
   |   |        3 |  21 |     2 |  11
   |   |        3 |  25 |     2 |  13
   |   |        3 |  25 |     2 |  13
   |   |        3 |  14 |     1 |  14
   |   |        3 |  14 |     1 |  14
   |   |        3 |  15 |     1 |  15
   |   |        3 |  15 |     1 |  15
   |   |        3 |  16 |     1 |  16
   |   |        3 |  16 |     1 |  16
   |   |        3 |  17 |     1 |  17
   |   |        3 |  17 |     1 |  17
   |   |        3 |  37 |     2 |  19
   |   |        3 |  37 |     2 |  19
(21 rows)

explain (costs off)
  select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
    from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a,b),(a+1,b+1),(a+2,b+2)) order by 3,6;
                                        QUERY PLAN                                         
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Sort Key: (GROUPING("*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2)), (max("*VALUES*".column3))
   ->  HashAggregate
         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
         Hash Key: ("*VALUES*".column1 + 1), ("*VALUES*".column2 + 1)
         Hash Key: ("*VALUES*".column1 + 2), ("*VALUES*".column2 + 2)
         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
(7 rows)

select a, b, sum(c), sum(sum(c)) over (order by a,b) as rsum
  from gstest2 group by cube (a,b) order by rsum, a, b;
 a | b | sum | rsum 
---+---+-----+------
 1 | 1 |   8 |    8
 1 | 2 |   2 |   10
 1 |   |  10 |   20
 2 | 2 |   2 |   22
 2 |   |   2 |   24
   | 1 |   8 |   32
   | 2 |   4 |   36
   |   |  12 |   48
(8 rows)

explain (costs off)
  select a, b, sum(c), sum(sum(c)) over (order by a,b) as rsum
    from gstest2 group by cube (a,b) order by rsum, a, b;
                 QUERY PLAN                  
---------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Sort Key: (sum((sum(c))) OVER (?)), a, b
   ->  WindowAgg
         ->  Sort
               Sort Key: a, b
               ->  MixedAggregate
                     Hash Key: a, b
                     Hash Key: a
                     Hash Key: b
                     Group Key: ()
                     ->  Seq Scan on gstest2
(11 rows)

select a, b, sum(v.x)
  from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
 group by cube (a,b) order by a,b;
 a | b | sum 
---+---+-----
 1 | 1 |   1
 1 | 2 |   1
 1 | 3 |   1
 1 |   |   3
 2 | 1 |   2
 2 | 2 |   2
 2 | 3 |   2
 2 |   |   6
   | 1 |   3
   | 2 |   3
   | 3 |   3
   |   |   9
(12 rows)

explain (costs off)
  select a, b, sum(v.x)
    from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
   group by cube (a,b) order by a,b;
                   QUERY PLAN                   
------------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Sort Key: gstest_data.a, gstest_data.b
   ->  MixedAggregate
         Hash Key: gstest_data.a, gstest_data.b
         Hash Key: gstest_data.a
         Hash Key: gstest_data.b
         Group Key: ()
         ->  Nested Loop
               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
               ->  Function Scan on gstest_data
(10 rows)

-- Verify that we correctly handle the child node returning a
-- non-minimal slot, which happens if the input is pre-sorted,
-- e.g. due to an index scan.
BEGIN;
SET LOCAL enable_hashagg = false;
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
              QUERY PLAN               
---------------------------------------
 Sort
   Sort Key: a, b
   ->  GroupAggregate
         Group Key: a
         Group Key: ()
         Sort Key: b
           Group Key: b
         ->  Sort
               Sort Key: a
               ->  Seq Scan on gstest3
(10 rows)

SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
 a | b | count | max | max 
---+---+-------+-----+-----
 1 |   |     1 |   1 |   1
 2 |   |     1 |   2 |   2
   | 1 |     1 |   1 |   1
   | 2 |     1 |   2 |   2
   |   |     2 |   2 |   2
(5 rows)

SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = false;
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
                      QUERY PLAN                      
------------------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Sort Key: a, b
   ->  GroupAggregate
         Group Key: a
         Group Key: ()
         Sort Key: b
           Group Key: b
         ->  Index Scan using gstest3_pkey on gstest3
(8 rows)

SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
 a | b | count | max | max 
---+---+-------+-----+-----
 1 |   |     1 |   1 |   1
 2 |   |     1 |   2 |   2
   | 1 |     1 |   1 |   1
   | 2 |     1 |   2 |   2
   |   |     2 |   2 |   2
(5 rows)

COMMIT;
-- More rescan tests
select * from (values (1),(2)) v(a) left join lateral (select v.a, four, ten, count(*) from onek group by cube(four,ten)) s on true order by v.a,four,ten;
 a | a | four | ten | count 
---+---+------+-----+-------
 1 | 1 |    0 |   0 |    50
 1 | 1 |    0 |   2 |    50
 1 | 1 |    0 |   4 |    50
 1 | 1 |    0 |   6 |    50
 1 | 1 |    0 |   8 |    50
 1 | 1 |    0 |     |   250
 1 | 1 |    1 |   1 |    50
 1 | 1 |    1 |   3 |    50
 1 | 1 |    1 |   5 |    50
 1 | 1 |    1 |   7 |    50
 1 | 1 |    1 |   9 |    50
 1 | 1 |    1 |     |   250
 1 | 1 |    2 |   0 |    50
 1 | 1 |    2 |   2 |    50
 1 | 1 |    2 |   4 |    50
 1 | 1 |    2 |   6 |    50
 1 | 1 |    2 |   8 |    50
 1 | 1 |    2 |     |   250
 1 | 1 |    3 |   1 |    50
 1 | 1 |    3 |   3 |    50
 1 | 1 |    3 |   5 |    50
 1 | 1 |    3 |   7 |    50
 1 | 1 |    3 |   9 |    50
 1 | 1 |    3 |     |   250
 1 | 1 |      |   0 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   1 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   2 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   3 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   4 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   5 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   6 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   7 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   8 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   9 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |     |  1000
 2 | 2 |    0 |   0 |    50
 2 | 2 |    0 |   2 |    50
 2 | 2 |    0 |   4 |    50
 2 | 2 |    0 |   6 |    50
 2 | 2 |    0 |   8 |    50
 2 | 2 |    0 |     |   250
 2 | 2 |    1 |   1 |    50
 2 | 2 |    1 |   3 |    50
 2 | 2 |    1 |   5 |    50
 2 | 2 |    1 |   7 |    50
 2 | 2 |    1 |   9 |    50
 2 | 2 |    1 |     |   250
 2 | 2 |    2 |   0 |    50
 2 | 2 |    2 |   2 |    50
 2 | 2 |    2 |   4 |    50
 2 | 2 |    2 |   6 |    50
 2 | 2 |    2 |   8 |    50
 2 | 2 |    2 |     |   250
 2 | 2 |    3 |   1 |    50
 2 | 2 |    3 |   3 |    50
 2 | 2 |    3 |   5 |    50
 2 | 2 |    3 |   7 |    50
 2 | 2 |    3 |   9 |    50
 2 | 2 |    3 |     |   250
 2 | 2 |      |   0 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   1 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   2 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   3 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   4 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   5 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   6 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   7 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   8 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   9 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |     |  1000
(70 rows)

select array(select row(v.a,s1.*) from (select two,four, count(*) from onek group by cube(two,four) order by two,four) s1) from (values (1),(2)) v(a);
                                                                        array                                                                         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 {"(1,0,0,250)","(1,0,2,250)","(1,0,,500)","(1,1,1,250)","(1,1,3,250)","(1,1,,500)","(1,,0,250)","(1,,1,250)","(1,,2,250)","(1,,3,250)","(1,,,1000)"}
 {"(2,0,0,250)","(2,0,2,250)","(2,0,,500)","(2,1,1,250)","(2,1,3,250)","(2,1,,500)","(2,,0,250)","(2,,1,250)","(2,,2,250)","(2,,3,250)","(2,,,1000)"}
(2 rows)

-- Rescan logic changes when there are no empty grouping sets, so test
-- that too:
select * from (values (1),(2)) v(a) left join lateral (select v.a, four, ten, count(*) from onek group by grouping sets(four,ten)) s on true order by v.a,four,ten;
 a | a | four | ten | count 
---+---+------+-----+-------
 1 | 1 |    0 |     |   250
 1 | 1 |    1 |     |   250
 1 | 1 |    2 |     |   250
 1 | 1 |    3 |     |   250
 1 | 1 |      |   0 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   1 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   2 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   3 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   4 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   5 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   6 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   7 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   8 |   100
 1 | 1 |      |   9 |   100
 2 | 2 |    0 |     |   250
 2 | 2 |    1 |     |   250
 2 | 2 |    2 |     |   250
 2 | 2 |    3 |     |   250
 2 | 2 |      |   0 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   1 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   2 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   3 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   4 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   5 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   6 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   7 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   8 |   100
 2 | 2 |      |   9 |   100
(28 rows)

select array(select row(v.a,s1.*) from (select two,four, count(*) from onek group by grouping sets(two,four) order by two,four) s1) from (values (1),(2)) v(a);
                                      array                                      
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 {"(1,0,,500)","(1,1,,500)","(1,,0,250)","(1,,1,250)","(1,,2,250)","(1,,3,250)"}
 {"(2,0,,500)","(2,1,,500)","(2,,0,250)","(2,,1,250)","(2,,2,250)","(2,,3,250)"}
(2 rows)

-- test the knapsack
set enable_indexscan = false;
set hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
set work_mem = '64kB';
explain (costs off)
  select unique1,
         count(two), count(four), count(ten),
         count(hundred), count(thousand), count(twothousand),
         count(*)
    from tenk1 group by grouping sets (unique1,twothousand,thousand,hundred,ten,four,two);
          QUERY PLAN           
-------------------------------
 MixedAggregate
   Hash Key: two
   Hash Key: four
   Hash Key: ten
   Hash Key: hundred
   Group Key: unique1
   Sort Key: twothousand
     Group Key: twothousand
   Sort Key: thousand
     Group Key: thousand
   ->  Sort
         Sort Key: unique1
         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
(13 rows)

explain (costs off)
  select unique1,
         count(two), count(four), count(ten),
         count(hundred), count(thousand), count(twothousand),
         count(*)
    from tenk1 group by grouping sets (unique1,hundred,ten,four,two);
          QUERY PLAN           
-------------------------------
 MixedAggregate
   Hash Key: two
   Hash Key: four
   Hash Key: ten
   Hash Key: hundred
   Group Key: unique1
   ->  Sort
         Sort Key: unique1
         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
(9 rows)

set work_mem = '384kB';
explain (costs off)
  select unique1,
         count(two), count(four), count(ten),
         count(hundred), count(thousand), count(twothousand),
         count(*)
    from tenk1 group by grouping sets (unique1,twothousand,thousand,hundred,ten,four,two);
          QUERY PLAN           
-------------------------------
 MixedAggregate
   Hash Key: two
   Hash Key: four
   Hash Key: ten
   Hash Key: hundred
   Hash Key: thousand
   Group Key: unique1
   Sort Key: twothousand
     Group Key: twothousand
   ->  Sort
         Sort Key: unique1
         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
(12 rows)

-- check collation-sensitive matching between grouping expressions
-- (similar to a check for aggregates, but there are additional code
-- paths for GROUPING, so check again here)
select v||'a', case grouping(v||'a') when 1 then 1 else 0 end, count(*)
  from unnest(array[1,1], array['a','b']) u(i,v)
 group by rollup(i, v||'a') order by 1,3;
 ?column? | case | count 
----------+------+-------
 aa       |    0 |     1
 ba       |    0 |     1
          |    1 |     2
          |    1 |     2
(4 rows)

select v||'a', case when grouping(v||'a') = 1 then 1 else 0 end, count(*)
  from unnest(array[1,1], array['a','b']) u(i,v)
 group by rollup(i, v||'a') order by 1,3;
 ?column? | case | count 
----------+------+-------
 aa       |    0 |     1
 ba       |    0 |     1
          |    1 |     2
          |    1 |     2
(4 rows)

-- Bug #16784
create table bug_16784(i int, j int);
analyze bug_16784;
alter table bug_16784 set (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
update pg_class set reltuples = 10 where relname='bug_16784';
insert into bug_16784 select g/10, g from generate_series(1,40) g;
set work_mem='64kB';
set enable_sort = false;
select * from
  (values (1),(2)) v(a),
  lateral (select a, i, j, count(*) from
             bug_16784 group by cube(i,j)) s
  order by v.a, i, j;
 a | a | i | j  | count 
---+---+---+----+-------
 1 | 1 | 0 |  1 |     1
 1 | 1 | 0 |  2 |     1
 1 | 1 | 0 |  3 |     1
 1 | 1 | 0 |  4 |     1
 1 | 1 | 0 |  5 |     1
 1 | 1 | 0 |  6 |     1
 1 | 1 | 0 |  7 |     1
 1 | 1 | 0 |  8 |     1
 1 | 1 | 0 |  9 |     1
 1 | 1 | 0 |    |     9
 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |     1
 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 |     1
 1 | 1 | 1 | 12 |     1
 1 | 1 | 1 | 13 |     1
 1 | 1 | 1 | 14 |     1
 1 | 1 | 1 | 15 |     1
 1 | 1 | 1 | 16 |     1
 1 | 1 | 1 | 17 |     1
 1 | 1 | 1 | 18 |     1
 1 | 1 | 1 | 19 |     1
 1 | 1 | 1 |    |    10
 1 | 1 | 2 | 20 |     1
 1 | 1 | 2 | 21 |     1
 1 | 1 | 2 | 22 |     1
 1 | 1 | 2 | 23 |     1
 1 | 1 | 2 | 24 |     1
 1 | 1 | 2 | 25 |     1
 1 | 1 | 2 | 26 |     1
 1 | 1 | 2 | 27 |     1
 1 | 1 | 2 | 28 |     1
 1 | 1 | 2 | 29 |     1
 1 | 1 | 2 |    |    10
 1 | 1 | 3 | 30 |     1
 1 | 1 | 3 | 31 |     1
 1 | 1 | 3 | 32 |     1
 1 | 1 | 3 | 33 |     1
 1 | 1 | 3 | 34 |     1
 1 | 1 | 3 | 35 |     1
 1 | 1 | 3 | 36 |     1
 1 | 1 | 3 | 37 |     1
 1 | 1 | 3 | 38 |     1
 1 | 1 | 3 | 39 |     1
 1 | 1 | 3 |    |    10
 1 | 1 | 4 | 40 |     1
 1 | 1 | 4 |    |     1
 1 | 1 |   |  1 |     1
 1 | 1 |   |  2 |     1
 1 | 1 |   |  3 |     1
 1 | 1 |   |  4 |     1
 1 | 1 |   |  5 |     1
 1 | 1 |   |  6 |     1
 1 | 1 |   |  7 |     1
 1 | 1 |   |  8 |     1
 1 | 1 |   |  9 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 10 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 11 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 12 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 13 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 14 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 15 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 16 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 17 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 18 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 19 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 20 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 21 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 22 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 23 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 24 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 25 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 26 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 27 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 28 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 29 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 30 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 31 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 32 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 33 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 34 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 35 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 36 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 37 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 38 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 39 |     1
 1 | 1 |   | 40 |     1
 1 | 1 |   |    |    40
 2 | 2 | 0 |  1 |     1
 2 | 2 | 0 |  2 |     1
 2 | 2 | 0 |  3 |     1
 2 | 2 | 0 |  4 |     1
 2 | 2 | 0 |  5 |     1
 2 | 2 | 0 |  6 |     1
 2 | 2 | 0 |  7 |     1
 2 | 2 | 0 |  8 |     1
 2 | 2 | 0 |  9 |     1
 2 | 2 | 0 |    |     9
 2 | 2 | 1 | 10 |     1
 2 | 2 | 1 | 11 |     1
 2 | 2 | 1 | 12 |     1
 2 | 2 | 1 | 13 |     1
 2 | 2 | 1 | 14 |     1
 2 | 2 | 1 | 15 |     1
 2 | 2 | 1 | 16 |     1
 2 | 2 | 1 | 17 |     1
 2 | 2 | 1 | 18 |     1
 2 | 2 | 1 | 19 |     1
 2 | 2 | 1 |    |    10
 2 | 2 | 2 | 20 |     1
 2 | 2 | 2 | 21 |     1
 2 | 2 | 2 | 22 |     1
 2 | 2 | 2 | 23 |     1
 2 | 2 | 2 | 24 |     1
 2 | 2 | 2 | 25 |     1
 2 | 2 | 2 | 26 |     1
 2 | 2 | 2 | 27 |     1
 2 | 2 | 2 | 28 |     1
 2 | 2 | 2 | 29 |     1
 2 | 2 | 2 |    |    10
 2 | 2 | 3 | 30 |     1
 2 | 2 | 3 | 31 |     1
 2 | 2 | 3 | 32 |     1
 2 | 2 | 3 | 33 |     1
 2 | 2 | 3 | 34 |     1
 2 | 2 | 3 | 35 |     1
 2 | 2 | 3 | 36 |     1
 2 | 2 | 3 | 37 |     1
 2 | 2 | 3 | 38 |     1
 2 | 2 | 3 | 39 |     1
 2 | 2 | 3 |    |    10
 2 | 2 | 4 | 40 |     1
 2 | 2 | 4 |    |     1
 2 | 2 |   |  1 |     1
 2 | 2 |   |  2 |     1
 2 | 2 |   |  3 |     1
 2 | 2 |   |  4 |     1
 2 | 2 |   |  5 |     1
 2 | 2 |   |  6 |     1
 2 | 2 |   |  7 |     1
 2 | 2 |   |  8 |     1
 2 | 2 |   |  9 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 10 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 11 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 12 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 13 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 14 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 15 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 16 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 17 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 18 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 19 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 20 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 21 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 22 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 23 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 24 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 25 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 26 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 27 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 28 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 29 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 30 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 31 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 32 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 33 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 34 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 35 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 36 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 37 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 38 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 39 |     1
 2 | 2 |   | 40 |     1
 2 | 2 |   |    |    40
(172 rows)

--
-- Compare results between plans using sorting and plans using hash
-- aggregation. Force spilling in both cases by setting work_mem low
-- and altering the statistics.
--
create table gs_data_1 as
select g%1000 as g1000, g%100 as g100, g%10 as g10, g
   from generate_series(0,1999) g;
analyze gs_data_1;
alter table gs_data_1 set (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
update pg_class set reltuples = 10 where relname='gs_data_1';
set work_mem='64kB';
-- Produce results with sorting.
set enable_sort = true;
set enable_hashagg = false;
set jit_above_cost = 0;
explain (costs off)
select g100, g10, sum(g::numeric), count(*), max(g::text)
from gs_data_1 group by cube (g1000, g100,g10);
             QUERY PLAN             
------------------------------------
 GroupAggregate
   Group Key: g1000, g100, g10
   Group Key: g1000, g100
   Group Key: g1000
   Group Key: ()
   Sort Key: g100, g10
     Group Key: g100, g10
     Group Key: g100
   Sort Key: g10, g1000
     Group Key: g10, g1000
     Group Key: g10
   ->  Sort
         Sort Key: g1000, g100, g10
         ->  Seq Scan on gs_data_1
(14 rows)

create table gs_group_1 as
select g100, g10, sum(g::numeric), count(*), max(g::text)
from gs_data_1 group by cube (g1000, g100,g10);
-- Produce results with hash aggregation.
set enable_hashagg = true;
set enable_sort = false;
explain (costs off)
select g100, g10, sum(g::numeric), count(*), max(g::text)
from gs_data_1 group by cube (g1000, g100,g10);
          QUERY PLAN          
------------------------------
 MixedAggregate
   Hash Key: g1000, g100, g10
   Hash Key: g1000, g100
   Hash Key: g1000
   Hash Key: g100, g10
   Hash Key: g100
   Hash Key: g10, g1000
   Hash Key: g10
   Group Key: ()
   ->  Seq Scan on gs_data_1
(10 rows)

create table gs_hash_1 as
select g100, g10, sum(g::numeric), count(*), max(g::text)
from gs_data_1 group by cube (g1000, g100,g10);
set enable_sort = true;
set work_mem to default;
set hash_mem_multiplier to default;
-- Compare results
(select * from gs_hash_1 except select * from gs_group_1)
  union all
(select * from gs_group_1 except select * from gs_hash_1);
 g100 | g10 | sum | count | max 
------+-----+-----+-------+-----
(0 rows)

drop table gs_group_1;
drop table gs_hash_1;
-- GROUP BY DISTINCT
-- "normal" behavior...
select a, b, c
from (values (1, 2, 3), (4, null, 6), (7, 8, 9)) as t (a, b, c)
group by all rollup(a, b), rollup(a, c)
order by a, b, c;
 a | b | c 
---+---+---
 1 | 2 | 3
 1 | 2 |  
 1 | 2 |  
 1 |   | 3
 1 |   | 3
 1 |   |  
 1 |   |  
 1 |   |  
 4 |   | 6
 4 |   | 6
 4 |   | 6
 4 |   |  
 4 |   |  
 4 |   |  
 4 |   |  
 4 |   |  
 7 | 8 | 9
 7 | 8 |  
 7 | 8 |  
 7 |   | 9
 7 |   | 9
 7 |   |  
 7 |   |  
 7 |   |  
   |   |  
(25 rows)

-- ...which is also the default
select a, b, c
from (values (1, 2, 3), (4, null, 6), (7, 8, 9)) as t (a, b, c)
group by rollup(a, b), rollup(a, c)
order by a, b, c;
 a | b | c 
---+---+---
 1 | 2 | 3
 1 | 2 |  
 1 | 2 |  
 1 |   | 3
 1 |   | 3
 1 |   |  
 1 |   |  
 1 |   |  
 4 |   | 6
 4 |   | 6
 4 |   | 6
 4 |   |  
 4 |   |  
 4 |   |  
 4 |   |  
 4 |   |  
 7 | 8 | 9
 7 | 8 |  
 7 | 8 |  
 7 |   | 9
 7 |   | 9
 7 |   |  
 7 |   |  
 7 |   |  
   |   |  
(25 rows)

-- "group by distinct" behavior...
select a, b, c
from (values (1, 2, 3), (4, null, 6), (7, 8, 9)) as t (a, b, c)
group by distinct rollup(a, b), rollup(a, c)
order by a, b, c;
 a | b | c 
---+---+---
 1 | 2 | 3
 1 | 2 |  
 1 |   | 3
 1 |   |  
 4 |   | 6
 4 |   | 6
 4 |   |  
 4 |   |  
 7 | 8 | 9
 7 | 8 |  
 7 |   | 9
 7 |   |  
   |   |  
(13 rows)

-- ...which is not the same as "select distinct"
select distinct a, b, c
from (values (1, 2, 3), (4, null, 6), (7, 8, 9)) as t (a, b, c)
group by rollup(a, b), rollup(a, c)
order by a, b, c;
 a | b | c 
---+---+---
 1 | 2 | 3
 1 | 2 |  
 1 |   | 3
 1 |   |  
 4 |   | 6
 4 |   |  
 7 | 8 | 9
 7 | 8 |  
 7 |   | 9
 7 |   |  
   |   |  
(11 rows)

-- test handling of outer GroupingFunc within subqueries
explain (costs off)
select (select grouping(v1)) from (values ((select 1))) v(v1) group by cube(v1);
          QUERY PLAN           
-------------------------------
 MixedAggregate
   Hash Key: (InitPlan 3).col1
   Group Key: ()
   InitPlan 1
     ->  Result
   InitPlan 3
     ->  Result
   ->  Result
   SubPlan 2
     ->  Result
(10 rows)

select (select grouping(v1)) from (values ((select 1))) v(v1) group by cube(v1);
 grouping 
----------
        1
        0
(2 rows)

explain (costs off)
select (select grouping(v1)) from (values ((select 1))) v(v1) group by v1;
   QUERY PLAN   
----------------
 GroupAggregate
   InitPlan 1
     ->  Result
   InitPlan 3
     ->  Result
   ->  Result
   SubPlan 2
     ->  Result
(8 rows)

select (select grouping(v1)) from (values ((select 1))) v(v1) group by v1;
 grouping 
----------
        0
(1 row)

-- end