/* * 1.1. test CREATE INDEX with buffered build */ -- Regular index with included columns CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box); -- size is chosen to exceed page size and trigger actual truncation INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,8000) AS x; CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c2,c3); SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid) FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_gist'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname; pg_get_indexdef ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON public.tbl_gist USING gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1, c2, c3) (1 row) SELECT * FROM tbl_gist where c4 <@ box(point(1,1),point(10,10)); c1 | c2 | c3 | c4 ----+----+----+------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | (2,3),(1,2) 2 | 4 | 6 | (4,5),(2,3) 3 | 6 | 9 | (6,7),(3,4) 4 | 8 | 12 | (8,9),(4,5) (4 rows) SET enable_bitmapscan TO off; EXPLAIN (costs off) SELECT * FROM tbl_gist where c4 <@ box(point(1,1),point(10,10)); QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------ Index Only Scan using tbl_gist_idx on tbl_gist Index Cond: (c4 <@ '(10,10),(1,1)'::box) (2 rows) SET enable_bitmapscan TO default; DROP TABLE tbl_gist; /* * 1.2. test CREATE INDEX with inserts */ -- Regular index with included columns CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box); -- size is chosen to exceed page size and trigger actual truncation CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c2,c3); INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,8000) AS x; SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid) FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_gist'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname; pg_get_indexdef ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON public.tbl_gist USING gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1, c2, c3) (1 row) SELECT * FROM tbl_gist where c4 <@ box(point(1,1),point(10,10)); c1 | c2 | c3 | c4 ----+----+----+------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | (2,3),(1,2) 2 | 4 | 6 | (4,5),(2,3) 3 | 6 | 9 | (6,7),(3,4) 4 | 8 | 12 | (8,9),(4,5) (4 rows) SET enable_bitmapscan TO off; EXPLAIN (costs off) SELECT * FROM tbl_gist where c4 <@ box(point(1,1),point(10,10)); QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------ Index Only Scan using tbl_gist_idx on tbl_gist Index Cond: (c4 <@ '(10,10),(1,1)'::box) (2 rows) SET enable_bitmapscan TO default; DROP TABLE tbl_gist; /* * 2. CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY */ CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box); INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x; CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c2,c3); SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl_gist' ORDER BY indexname; indexdef ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON public.tbl_gist USING gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1, c2, c3) (1 row) DROP TABLE tbl_gist; /* * 3. REINDEX */ CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box); INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x; CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c3); SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl_gist' ORDER BY indexname; indexdef ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON public.tbl_gist USING gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1, c3) (1 row) REINDEX INDEX tbl_gist_idx; SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl_gist' ORDER BY indexname; indexdef ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON public.tbl_gist USING gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1, c3) (1 row) ALTER TABLE tbl_gist DROP COLUMN c1; SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl_gist' ORDER BY indexname; indexdef ---------- (0 rows) DROP TABLE tbl_gist; /* * 4. Update, delete values in indexed table. */ CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box); INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x; CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c3); UPDATE tbl_gist SET c1 = 100 WHERE c1 = 2; UPDATE tbl_gist SET c1 = 1 WHERE c1 = 3; DELETE FROM tbl_gist WHERE c1 = 5 OR c3 = 12; DROP TABLE tbl_gist; /* * 5. Alter column type. */ CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box); INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x; CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c3); ALTER TABLE tbl_gist ALTER c1 TYPE bigint; ALTER TABLE tbl_gist ALTER c3 TYPE bigint; \d tbl_gist Table "public.tbl_gist" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+---------+-----------+----------+--------- c1 | bigint | | | c2 | integer | | | c3 | bigint | | | c4 | box | | | Indexes: "tbl_gist_idx" gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1, c3) DROP TABLE tbl_gist; /* * 6. EXCLUDE constraint. */ CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box, EXCLUDE USING gist (c4 WITH &&) INCLUDE (c1, c2, c3)); INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x; ERROR: conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "tbl_gist_c4_c1_c2_c3_excl" DETAIL: Key (c4)=((4,5),(2,3)) conflicts with existing key (c4)=((2,3),(1,2)). INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(3*x,2*x),point(3*x+1,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x; EXPLAIN (costs off) SELECT * FROM tbl_gist where c4 <@ box(point(1,1),point(10,10)); QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan using tbl_gist_c4_c1_c2_c3_excl on tbl_gist Index Cond: (c4 <@ '(10,10),(1,1)'::box) (2 rows) \d tbl_gist Table "public.tbl_gist" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+---------+-----------+----------+--------- c1 | integer | | | c2 | integer | | | c3 | integer | | | c4 | box | | | Indexes: "tbl_gist_c4_c1_c2_c3_excl" EXCLUDE USING gist (c4 WITH &&) INCLUDE (c1, c2, c3) DROP TABLE tbl_gist;