-- JSON() SELECT JSON(); ERROR: syntax error at or near ")" LINE 1: SELECT JSON(); ^ SELECT JSON(NULL); json ------ (1 row) SELECT JSON('{ "a" : 1 } '); json -------------- { "a" : 1 } (1 row) SELECT JSON('{ "a" : 1 } ' FORMAT JSON); json -------------- { "a" : 1 } (1 row) SELECT JSON('{ "a" : 1 } ' FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF8); ERROR: JSON ENCODING clause is only allowed for bytea input type LINE 1: SELECT JSON('{ "a" : 1 } ' FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF8); ^ SELECT JSON('{ "a" : 1 } '::bytea FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF8); json -------------- { "a" : 1 } (1 row) SELECT pg_typeof(JSON('{ "a" : 1 } ')); pg_typeof ----------- json (1 row) SELECT JSON(' 1 '::json); json --------- 1 (1 row) SELECT JSON(' 1 '::jsonb); json ------ 1 (1 row) SELECT JSON(' 1 '::json WITH UNIQUE KEYS); ERROR: cannot use non-string types with WITH UNIQUE KEYS clause LINE 1: SELECT JSON(' 1 '::json WITH UNIQUE KEYS); ^ SELECT JSON(123); ERROR: cannot cast type integer to json LINE 1: SELECT JSON(123); ^ SELECT JSON('{"a": 1, "a": 2}'); json ------------------ {"a": 1, "a": 2} (1 row) SELECT JSON('{"a": 1, "a": 2}' WITH UNIQUE KEYS); ERROR: duplicate JSON object key value SELECT JSON('{"a": 1, "a": 2}' WITHOUT UNIQUE KEYS); json ------------------ {"a": 1, "a": 2} (1 row) EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON('123'); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------- Result Output: JSON('123'::json) (2 rows) EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON('123' FORMAT JSON); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------- Result Output: JSON('123'::json) (2 rows) EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON('123'::bytea FORMAT JSON); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------- Result Output: JSON('\x313233'::bytea FORMAT JSON) (2 rows) EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON('123'::bytea FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF8); QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------- Result Output: JSON('\x313233'::bytea FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF8) (2 rows) EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON('123' WITH UNIQUE KEYS); QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------- Result Output: JSON('123'::text WITH UNIQUE KEYS) (2 rows) EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON('123' WITHOUT UNIQUE KEYS); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------- Result Output: JSON('123'::json) (2 rows) EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON('123'); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------- Result Output: JSON('123'::json) (2 rows) SELECT pg_typeof(JSON('123')); pg_typeof ----------- json (1 row) -- JSON_SCALAR() SELECT JSON_SCALAR(); ERROR: syntax error at or near ")" LINE 1: SELECT JSON_SCALAR(); ^ SELECT JSON_SCALAR(NULL); json_scalar ------------- (1 row) SELECT JSON_SCALAR(NULL::int); json_scalar ------------- (1 row) SELECT JSON_SCALAR(123); json_scalar ------------- 123 (1 row) SELECT JSON_SCALAR(123.45); json_scalar ------------- 123.45 (1 row) SELECT JSON_SCALAR(123.45::numeric); json_scalar ------------- 123.45 (1 row) SELECT JSON_SCALAR(true); json_scalar ------------- true (1 row) SELECT JSON_SCALAR(false); json_scalar ------------- false (1 row) SELECT JSON_SCALAR(' 123.45'); json_scalar ------------- " 123.45" (1 row) SELECT JSON_SCALAR('2020-06-07'::date); json_scalar -------------- "2020-06-07" (1 row) SELECT JSON_SCALAR('2020-06-07 01:02:03'::timestamp); json_scalar ----------------------- "2020-06-07T01:02:03" (1 row) SELECT JSON_SCALAR('{}'::json); json_scalar ------------- {} (1 row) SELECT JSON_SCALAR('{}'::jsonb); json_scalar ------------- {} (1 row) EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON_SCALAR(123); QUERY PLAN ---------------------------- Result Output: JSON_SCALAR(123) (2 rows) EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON_SCALAR('123'); QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------ Result Output: JSON_SCALAR('123'::text) (2 rows) -- JSON_SERIALIZE() SELECT JSON_SERIALIZE(); ERROR: syntax error at or near ")" LINE 1: SELECT JSON_SERIALIZE(); ^ SELECT JSON_SERIALIZE(NULL); json_serialize ---------------- (1 row) SELECT JSON_SERIALIZE(JSON('{ "a" : 1 } ')); json_serialize ---------------- { "a" : 1 } (1 row) SELECT JSON_SERIALIZE('{ "a" : 1 } '); json_serialize ---------------- { "a" : 1 } (1 row) SELECT JSON_SERIALIZE('1'); json_serialize ---------------- 1 (1 row) SELECT JSON_SERIALIZE('1' FORMAT JSON); json_serialize ---------------- 1 (1 row) SELECT JSON_SERIALIZE('{ "a" : 1 } ' RETURNING bytea); json_serialize ---------------------------- \x7b20226122203a2031207d20 (1 row) SELECT JSON_SERIALIZE('{ "a" : 1 } ' RETURNING varchar); json_serialize ---------------- { "a" : 1 } (1 row) SELECT pg_typeof(JSON_SERIALIZE(NULL)); pg_typeof ----------- text (1 row) -- only string types or bytea allowed SELECT JSON_SERIALIZE('{ "a" : 1 } ' RETURNING jsonb); ERROR: cannot use RETURNING type jsonb in JSON_SERIALIZE() HINT: Try returning a string type or bytea. EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON_SERIALIZE('{}'); QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------- Result Output: JSON_SERIALIZE('{}'::json RETURNING text) (2 rows) EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON_SERIALIZE('{}' RETURNING bytea); QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------ Result Output: JSON_SERIALIZE('{}'::json RETURNING bytea) (2 rows) -- JSON_OBJECT() SELECT JSON_OBJECT(); json_object ------------- {} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT(RETURNING json); json_object ------------- {} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT(RETURNING json FORMAT JSON); json_object ------------- {} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT(RETURNING jsonb); json_object ------------- {} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT(RETURNING jsonb FORMAT JSON); json_object ------------- {} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT(RETURNING text); json_object ------------- {} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT(RETURNING text FORMAT JSON); json_object ------------- {} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT(RETURNING text FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF8); ERROR: cannot set JSON encoding for non-bytea output types LINE 1: SELECT JSON_OBJECT(RETURNING text FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF8)... ^ SELECT JSON_OBJECT(RETURNING text FORMAT JSON ENCODING INVALID_ENCODING); ERROR: unrecognized JSON encoding: invalid_encoding SELECT JSON_OBJECT(RETURNING bytea); json_object ------------- \x7b7d (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT(RETURNING bytea FORMAT JSON); json_object ------------- \x7b7d (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT(RETURNING bytea FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF8); json_object ------------- \x7b7d (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT(RETURNING bytea FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF16); ERROR: unsupported JSON encoding LINE 1: SELECT JSON_OBJECT(RETURNING bytea FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF1... ^ HINT: Only UTF8 JSON encoding is supported. SELECT JSON_OBJECT(RETURNING bytea FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF32); ERROR: unsupported JSON encoding LINE 1: SELECT JSON_OBJECT(RETURNING bytea FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF3... ^ HINT: Only UTF8 JSON encoding is supported. SELECT JSON_OBJECT('foo': NULL::int FORMAT JSON); ERROR: cannot use non-string types with explicit FORMAT JSON clause LINE 1: SELECT JSON_OBJECT('foo': NULL::int FORMAT JSON); ^ SELECT JSON_OBJECT('foo': NULL::int FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF8); ERROR: JSON ENCODING clause is only allowed for bytea input type LINE 1: SELECT JSON_OBJECT('foo': NULL::int FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF... ^ SELECT JSON_OBJECT('foo': NULL::json FORMAT JSON); json_object ---------------- {"foo" : null} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT('foo': NULL::json FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF8); ERROR: JSON ENCODING clause is only allowed for bytea input type LINE 1: SELECT JSON_OBJECT('foo': NULL::json FORMAT JSON ENCODING UT... ^ SELECT JSON_OBJECT('foo': NULL::jsonb FORMAT JSON); json_object --------------- {"foo": null} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT('foo': NULL::jsonb FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF8); ERROR: JSON ENCODING clause is only allowed for bytea input type LINE 1: SELECT JSON_OBJECT('foo': NULL::jsonb FORMAT JSON ENCODING U... ^ SELECT JSON_OBJECT(NULL: 1); ERROR: null value not allowed for object key SELECT JSON_OBJECT('a': 2 + 3); json_object ------------- {"a" : 5} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT('a' VALUE 2 + 3); json_object ------------- {"a" : 5} (1 row) --SELECT JSON_OBJECT(KEY 'a' VALUE 2 + 3); SELECT JSON_OBJECT('a' || 2: 1); json_object ------------- {"a2" : 1} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT(('a' || 2) VALUE 1); json_object ------------- {"a2" : 1} (1 row) --SELECT JSON_OBJECT('a' || 2 VALUE 1); --SELECT JSON_OBJECT(KEY 'a' || 2 VALUE 1); SELECT JSON_OBJECT('a': 2::text); json_object ------------- {"a" : "2"} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT('a' VALUE 2::text); json_object ------------- {"a" : "2"} (1 row) --SELECT JSON_OBJECT(KEY 'a' VALUE 2::text); SELECT JSON_OBJECT(1::text: 2); json_object ------------- {"1" : 2} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT((1::text) VALUE 2); json_object ------------- {"1" : 2} (1 row) --SELECT JSON_OBJECT(1::text VALUE 2); --SELECT JSON_OBJECT(KEY 1::text VALUE 2); SELECT JSON_OBJECT(json '[1]': 123); ERROR: key value must be scalar, not array, composite, or json SELECT JSON_OBJECT(ARRAY[1,2,3]: 'aaa'); ERROR: key value must be scalar, not array, composite, or json SELECT JSON_OBJECT( 'a': '123', 1.23: 123, 'c': json '[ 1,true,{ } ]', 'd': jsonb '{ "x" : 123.45 }' ); json_object ------------------------------------------------------------------- {"a": "123", "c": [1, true, {}], "d": {"x": 123.45}, "1.23": 123} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT( 'a': '123', 1.23: 123, 'c': json '[ 1,true,{ } ]', 'd': jsonb '{ "x" : 123.45 }' RETURNING jsonb ); json_object ------------------------------------------------------------------- {"a": "123", "c": [1, true, {}], "d": {"x": 123.45}, "1.23": 123} (1 row) /* SELECT JSON_OBJECT( 'a': '123', KEY 1.23 VALUE 123, 'c' VALUE json '[1, true, {}]' ); */ SELECT JSON_OBJECT('a': '123', 'b': JSON_OBJECT('a': 111, 'b': 'aaa')); json_object ----------------------------------------------- {"a" : "123", "b" : {"a" : 111, "b" : "aaa"}} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT('a': '123', 'b': JSON_OBJECT('a': 111, 'b': 'aaa' RETURNING jsonb)); json_object ------------------------------------------- {"a": "123", "b": {"a": 111, "b": "aaa"}} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT('a': JSON_OBJECT('b': 1 RETURNING text)); json_object ----------------------- {"a" : "{\"b\" : 1}"} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT('a': JSON_OBJECT('b': 1 RETURNING text) FORMAT JSON); json_object ------------------- {"a" : {"b" : 1}} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT('a': JSON_OBJECT('b': 1 RETURNING bytea)); json_object --------------------------------- {"a" : "\\x7b226222203a20317d"} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT('a': JSON_OBJECT('b': 1 RETURNING bytea) FORMAT JSON); json_object ------------------- {"a" : {"b" : 1}} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT('a': '1', 'b': NULL, 'c': 2); json_object ---------------------------------- {"a" : "1", "b" : null, "c" : 2} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT('a': '1', 'b': NULL, 'c': 2 NULL ON NULL); json_object ---------------------------------- {"a" : "1", "b" : null, "c" : 2} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT('a': '1', 'b': NULL, 'c': 2 ABSENT ON NULL); json_object ---------------------- {"a" : "1", "c" : 2} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT(1: 1, '1': NULL WITH UNIQUE); ERROR: duplicate JSON object key value: "1" SELECT JSON_OBJECT(1: 1, '1': NULL ABSENT ON NULL WITH UNIQUE); ERROR: duplicate JSON object key value: "1" SELECT JSON_OBJECT(1: 1, '1': NULL NULL ON NULL WITH UNIQUE RETURNING jsonb); ERROR: duplicate JSON object key value SELECT JSON_OBJECT(1: 1, '1': NULL ABSENT ON NULL WITH UNIQUE RETURNING jsonb); ERROR: duplicate JSON object key value SELECT JSON_OBJECT(1: 1, '2': NULL, '1': 1 NULL ON NULL WITH UNIQUE); ERROR: duplicate JSON object key value: "1" SELECT JSON_OBJECT(1: 1, '2': NULL, '1': 1 ABSENT ON NULL WITH UNIQUE); ERROR: duplicate JSON object key value: "1" SELECT JSON_OBJECT(1: 1, '2': NULL, '1': 1 ABSENT ON NULL WITHOUT UNIQUE); json_object -------------------- {"1" : 1, "1" : 1} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT(1: 1, '2': NULL, '1': 1 ABSENT ON NULL WITH UNIQUE RETURNING jsonb); ERROR: duplicate JSON object key value SELECT JSON_OBJECT(1: 1, '2': NULL, '1': 1 ABSENT ON NULL WITHOUT UNIQUE RETURNING jsonb); json_object ------------- {"1": 1} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECT(1: 1, '2': NULL, '3': 1, 4: NULL, '5': 'a' ABSENT ON NULL WITH UNIQUE RETURNING jsonb); json_object ---------------------------- {"1": 1, "3": 1, "5": "a"} (1 row) -- JSON_ARRAY() SELECT JSON_ARRAY(); json_array ------------ [] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(RETURNING json); json_array ------------ [] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(RETURNING json FORMAT JSON); json_array ------------ [] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(RETURNING jsonb); json_array ------------ [] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(RETURNING jsonb FORMAT JSON); json_array ------------ [] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(RETURNING text); json_array ------------ [] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(RETURNING text FORMAT JSON); json_array ------------ [] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(RETURNING text FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF8); ERROR: cannot set JSON encoding for non-bytea output types LINE 1: SELECT JSON_ARRAY(RETURNING text FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF8); ^ SELECT JSON_ARRAY(RETURNING text FORMAT JSON ENCODING INVALID_ENCODING); ERROR: unrecognized JSON encoding: invalid_encoding SELECT JSON_ARRAY(RETURNING bytea); json_array ------------ \x5b5d (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(RETURNING bytea FORMAT JSON); json_array ------------ \x5b5d (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(RETURNING bytea FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF8); json_array ------------ \x5b5d (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(RETURNING bytea FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF16); ERROR: unsupported JSON encoding LINE 1: SELECT JSON_ARRAY(RETURNING bytea FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF16... ^ HINT: Only UTF8 JSON encoding is supported. SELECT JSON_ARRAY(RETURNING bytea FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF32); ERROR: unsupported JSON encoding LINE 1: SELECT JSON_ARRAY(RETURNING bytea FORMAT JSON ENCODING UTF32... ^ HINT: Only UTF8 JSON encoding is supported. SELECT JSON_ARRAY('aaa', 111, true, array[1,2,3], NULL, json '{"a": [1]}', jsonb '["a",3]'); json_array ----------------------------------------------------- ["aaa", 111, true, [1, 2, 3], {"a": [1]}, ["a", 3]] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY('a', NULL, 'b' NULL ON NULL); json_array ------------------ ["a", null, "b"] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY('a', NULL, 'b' ABSENT ON NULL); json_array ------------ ["a", "b"] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(NULL, NULL, 'b' ABSENT ON NULL); json_array ------------ ["b"] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY('a', NULL, 'b' NULL ON NULL RETURNING jsonb); json_array ------------------ ["a", null, "b"] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY('a', NULL, 'b' ABSENT ON NULL RETURNING jsonb); json_array ------------ ["a", "b"] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(NULL, NULL, 'b' ABSENT ON NULL RETURNING jsonb); json_array ------------ ["b"] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(JSON_ARRAY('{ "a" : 123 }' RETURNING text)); json_array ------------------------------- ["[\"{ \\\"a\\\" : 123 }\"]"] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(JSON_ARRAY('{ "a" : 123 }' FORMAT JSON RETURNING text)); json_array ----------------------- ["[{ \"a\" : 123 }]"] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(JSON_ARRAY('{ "a" : 123 }' FORMAT JSON RETURNING text) FORMAT JSON); json_array ------------------- [[{ "a" : 123 }]] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(SELECT i FROM (VALUES (1), (2), (NULL), (4)) foo(i)); json_array ------------ [1, 2, 4] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(SELECT i FROM (VALUES (NULL::int[]), ('{1,2}'), (NULL), (NULL), ('{3,4}'), (NULL)) foo(i)); json_array ------------ [[1,2], + [3,4]] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(SELECT i FROM (VALUES (NULL::int[]), ('{1,2}'), (NULL), (NULL), ('{3,4}'), (NULL)) foo(i) RETURNING jsonb); json_array ------------------ [[1, 2], [3, 4]] (1 row) --SELECT JSON_ARRAY(SELECT i FROM (VALUES (NULL::int[]), ('{1,2}'), (NULL), (NULL), ('{3,4}'), (NULL)) foo(i) NULL ON NULL); --SELECT JSON_ARRAY(SELECT i FROM (VALUES (NULL::int[]), ('{1,2}'), (NULL), (NULL), ('{3,4}'), (NULL)) foo(i) NULL ON NULL RETURNING jsonb); SELECT JSON_ARRAY(SELECT i FROM (VALUES (3), (1), (NULL), (2)) foo(i) ORDER BY i); json_array ------------ [1, 2, 3] (1 row) -- Should fail SELECT JSON_ARRAY(SELECT FROM (VALUES (1)) foo(i)); ERROR: subquery must return only one column LINE 1: SELECT JSON_ARRAY(SELECT FROM (VALUES (1)) foo(i)); ^ SELECT JSON_ARRAY(SELECT i, i FROM (VALUES (1)) foo(i)); ERROR: subquery must return only one column LINE 1: SELECT JSON_ARRAY(SELECT i, i FROM (VALUES (1)) foo(i)); ^ SELECT JSON_ARRAY(SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1, 2)) foo(i, j)); ERROR: subquery must return only one column LINE 1: SELECT JSON_ARRAY(SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1, 2)) foo(i, j)); ^ -- JSON_ARRAYAGG() SELECT JSON_ARRAYAGG(i) IS NULL, JSON_ARRAYAGG(i RETURNING jsonb) IS NULL FROM generate_series(1, 0) i; ?column? | ?column? ----------+---------- t | t (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAYAGG(i), JSON_ARRAYAGG(i RETURNING jsonb) FROM generate_series(1, 5) i; json_arrayagg | json_arrayagg -----------------+----------------- [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] | [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAYAGG(i ORDER BY i DESC) FROM generate_series(1, 5) i; json_arrayagg ----------------- [5, 4, 3, 2, 1] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAYAGG(i::text::json) FROM generate_series(1, 5) i; json_arrayagg ----------------- [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAYAGG(JSON_ARRAY(i, i + 1 RETURNING text) FORMAT JSON) FROM generate_series(1, 5) i; json_arrayagg ------------------------------------------ [[1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 4], [4, 5], [5, 6]] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAYAGG(NULL), JSON_ARRAYAGG(NULL RETURNING jsonb) FROM generate_series(1, 5); json_arrayagg | json_arrayagg ---------------+--------------- [] | [] (1 row) SELECT JSON_ARRAYAGG(NULL NULL ON NULL), JSON_ARRAYAGG(NULL NULL ON NULL RETURNING jsonb) FROM generate_series(1, 5); json_arrayagg | json_arrayagg --------------------------------+-------------------------------- [null, null, null, null, null] | [null, null, null, null, null] (1 row) \x SELECT JSON_ARRAYAGG(bar) as no_options, JSON_ARRAYAGG(bar RETURNING jsonb) as returning_jsonb, JSON_ARRAYAGG(bar ABSENT ON NULL) as absent_on_null, JSON_ARRAYAGG(bar ABSENT ON NULL RETURNING jsonb) as absentonnull_returning_jsonb, JSON_ARRAYAGG(bar NULL ON NULL) as null_on_null, JSON_ARRAYAGG(bar NULL ON NULL RETURNING jsonb) as nullonnull_returning_jsonb, JSON_ARRAYAGG(foo) as row_no_options, JSON_ARRAYAGG(foo RETURNING jsonb) as row_returning_jsonb, JSON_ARRAYAGG(foo ORDER BY bar) FILTER (WHERE bar > 2) as row_filtered_agg, JSON_ARRAYAGG(foo ORDER BY bar RETURNING jsonb) FILTER (WHERE bar > 2) as row_filtered_agg_returning_jsonb FROM (VALUES (NULL), (3), (1), (NULL), (NULL), (5), (2), (4), (NULL)) foo(bar); -[ RECORD 1 ]--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- no_options | [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] returning_jsonb | [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] absent_on_null | [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] absentonnull_returning_jsonb | [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] null_on_null | [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, null, null, null, null] nullonnull_returning_jsonb | [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, null, null, null, null] row_no_options | [{"bar":1}, + | {"bar":2}, + | {"bar":3}, + | {"bar":4}, + | {"bar":5}, + | {"bar":null}, + | {"bar":null}, + | {"bar":null}, + | {"bar":null}] row_returning_jsonb | [{"bar": 1}, {"bar": 2}, {"bar": 3}, {"bar": 4}, {"bar": 5}, {"bar": null}, {"bar": null}, {"bar": null}, {"bar": null}] row_filtered_agg | [{"bar":3}, + | {"bar":4}, + | {"bar":5}] row_filtered_agg_returning_jsonb | [{"bar": 3}, {"bar": 4}, {"bar": 5}] \x SELECT bar, JSON_ARRAYAGG(bar) FILTER (WHERE bar > 2) OVER (PARTITION BY foo.bar % 2) FROM (VALUES (NULL), (3), (1), (NULL), (NULL), (5), (2), (4), (NULL), (5), (4)) foo(bar); bar | json_arrayagg -----+--------------- 4 | [4, 4] 4 | [4, 4] 2 | [4, 4] 5 | [5, 3, 5] 3 | [5, 3, 5] 1 | [5, 3, 5] 5 | [5, 3, 5] | | | | (11 rows) -- JSON_OBJECTAGG() SELECT JSON_OBJECTAGG('key': 1) IS NULL, JSON_OBJECTAGG('key': 1 RETURNING jsonb) IS NULL WHERE FALSE; ?column? | ?column? ----------+---------- t | t (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECTAGG(NULL: 1); ERROR: null value not allowed for object key SELECT JSON_OBJECTAGG(NULL: 1 RETURNING jsonb); ERROR: field name must not be null SELECT JSON_OBJECTAGG(i: i), -- JSON_OBJECTAGG(i VALUE i), -- JSON_OBJECTAGG(KEY i VALUE i), JSON_OBJECTAGG(i: i RETURNING jsonb) FROM generate_series(1, 5) i; json_objectagg | json_objectagg -------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------ { "1" : 1, "2" : 2, "3" : 3, "4" : 4, "5" : 5 } | {"1": 1, "2": 2, "3": 3, "4": 4, "5": 5} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECTAGG(k: v), JSON_OBJECTAGG(k: v NULL ON NULL), JSON_OBJECTAGG(k: v ABSENT ON NULL), JSON_OBJECTAGG(k: v RETURNING jsonb), JSON_OBJECTAGG(k: v NULL ON NULL RETURNING jsonb), JSON_OBJECTAGG(k: v ABSENT ON NULL RETURNING jsonb) FROM (VALUES (1, 1), (1, NULL), (2, NULL), (3, 3)) foo(k, v); json_objectagg | json_objectagg | json_objectagg | json_objectagg | json_objectagg | json_objectagg ----------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+------------------ { "1" : 1, "1" : null, "2" : null, "3" : 3 } | { "1" : 1, "1" : null, "2" : null, "3" : 3 } | { "1" : 1, "3" : 3 } | {"1": null, "2": null, "3": 3} | {"1": null, "2": null, "3": 3} | {"1": 1, "3": 3} (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECTAGG(k: v WITH UNIQUE KEYS) FROM (VALUES (1, 1), (1, NULL), (2, 2)) foo(k, v); ERROR: duplicate JSON object key value: "1" SELECT JSON_OBJECTAGG(k: v ABSENT ON NULL WITH UNIQUE KEYS) FROM (VALUES (1, 1), (1, NULL), (2, 2)) foo(k, v); ERROR: duplicate JSON object key value: "1" SELECT JSON_OBJECTAGG(k: v ABSENT ON NULL WITH UNIQUE KEYS) FROM (VALUES (1, 1), (0, NULL), (3, NULL), (2, 2), (4, NULL)) foo(k, v); json_objectagg ---------------------- { "1" : 1, "2" : 2 } (1 row) SELECT JSON_OBJECTAGG(k: v WITH UNIQUE KEYS RETURNING jsonb) FROM (VALUES (1, 1), (1, NULL), (2, 2)) foo(k, v); ERROR: duplicate JSON object key value SELECT JSON_OBJECTAGG(k: v ABSENT ON NULL WITH UNIQUE KEYS RETURNING jsonb) FROM (VALUES (1, 1), (1, NULL), (2, 2)) foo(k, v); ERROR: duplicate JSON object key value SELECT JSON_OBJECTAGG(k: v ABSENT ON NULL WITH UNIQUE KEYS RETURNING jsonb) FROM (VALUES (1, 1), (0, NULL),(4, null), (5, null),(6, null),(2, 2)) foo(k, v); json_objectagg ------------------ {"1": 1, "2": 2} (1 row) -- Test JSON_OBJECT deparsing EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON_OBJECT('foo' : '1' FORMAT JSON, 'bar' : 'baz' RETURNING json); QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Result Output: JSON_OBJECT('foo' : '1'::json, 'bar' : 'baz'::text RETURNING json) (2 rows) CREATE VIEW json_object_view AS SELECT JSON_OBJECT('foo' : '1' FORMAT JSON, 'bar' : 'baz' RETURNING json); \sv json_object_view CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW public.json_object_view AS SELECT JSON_OBJECT('foo' : '1'::text FORMAT JSON, 'bar' : 'baz'::text RETURNING json) AS "json_object" DROP VIEW json_object_view; SELECT to_json(a) AS a, JSON_OBJECTAGG(k : v WITH UNIQUE KEYS) OVER (ORDER BY k) FROM (VALUES (1,1), (2,2)) a(k,v); a | json_objectagg ---------------+---------------------- {"k":1,"v":1} | { "1" : 1 } {"k":2,"v":2} | { "1" : 1, "2" : 2 } (2 rows) SELECT to_json(a) AS a, JSON_OBJECTAGG(k : v WITH UNIQUE KEYS) OVER (ORDER BY k) FROM (VALUES (1,1), (1,2), (2,2)) a(k,v); ERROR: duplicate JSON object key value: "1" SELECT to_json(a) AS a, JSON_OBJECTAGG(k : v ABSENT ON NULL WITH UNIQUE KEYS) OVER (ORDER BY k) FROM (VALUES (1,1), (1,null), (2,2)) a(k,v); ERROR: duplicate JSON object key value: "1" SELECT to_json(a) AS a, JSON_OBJECTAGG(k : v ABSENT ON NULL) OVER (ORDER BY k) FROM (VALUES (1,1), (1,null), (2,2)) a(k,v); a | json_objectagg ------------------+---------------------- {"k":1,"v":1} | { "1" : 1 } {"k":1,"v":null} | { "1" : 1 } {"k":2,"v":2} | { "1" : 1, "2" : 2 } (3 rows) SELECT to_json(a) AS a, JSON_OBJECTAGG(k : v ABSENT ON NULL) OVER (ORDER BY k RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) FROM (VALUES (1,1), (1,null), (2,2)) a(k,v); a | json_objectagg ------------------+---------------------- {"k":1,"v":1} | { "1" : 1, "2" : 2 } {"k":1,"v":null} | { "1" : 1, "2" : 2 } {"k":2,"v":2} | { "1" : 1, "2" : 2 } (3 rows) -- Test JSON_ARRAY deparsing EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON_ARRAY('1' FORMAT JSON, 2 RETURNING json); QUERY PLAN --------------------------------------------------- Result Output: JSON_ARRAY('1'::json, 2 RETURNING json) (2 rows) CREATE VIEW json_array_view AS SELECT JSON_ARRAY('1' FORMAT JSON, 2 RETURNING json); \sv json_array_view CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW public.json_array_view AS SELECT JSON_ARRAY('1'::text FORMAT JSON, 2 RETURNING json) AS "json_array" DROP VIEW json_array_view; -- Test JSON_OBJECTAGG deparsing EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON_OBJECTAGG(i: ('111' || i)::bytea FORMAT JSON WITH UNIQUE RETURNING text) FILTER (WHERE i > 3) FROM generate_series(1,5) i; QUERY PLAN -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Aggregate Output: JSON_OBJECTAGG(i : (('111'::text || (i)::text))::bytea FORMAT JSON WITH UNIQUE KEYS RETURNING text) FILTER (WHERE (i > 3)) -> Function Scan on pg_catalog.generate_series i Output: i Function Call: generate_series(1, 5) (5 rows) EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON_OBJECTAGG(i: ('111' || i)::bytea FORMAT JSON WITH UNIQUE RETURNING text) OVER (PARTITION BY i % 2) FROM generate_series(1,5) i; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- WindowAgg Output: JSON_OBJECTAGG(i : (('111'::text || (i)::text))::bytea FORMAT JSON WITH UNIQUE KEYS RETURNING text) OVER (?), ((i % 2)) -> Sort Output: ((i % 2)), i Sort Key: ((i.i % 2)) -> Function Scan on pg_catalog.generate_series i Output: (i % 2), i Function Call: generate_series(1, 5) (8 rows) CREATE VIEW json_objectagg_view AS SELECT JSON_OBJECTAGG(i: ('111' || i)::bytea FORMAT JSON WITH UNIQUE RETURNING text) FILTER (WHERE i > 3) FROM generate_series(1,5) i; \sv json_objectagg_view CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW public.json_objectagg_view AS SELECT JSON_OBJECTAGG(i : ('111'::text || i)::bytea FORMAT JSON WITH UNIQUE KEYS RETURNING text) FILTER (WHERE i > 3) AS "json_objectagg" FROM generate_series(1, 5) i(i) DROP VIEW json_objectagg_view; -- Test JSON_ARRAYAGG deparsing EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON_ARRAYAGG(('111' || i)::bytea FORMAT JSON NULL ON NULL RETURNING text) FILTER (WHERE i > 3) FROM generate_series(1,5) i; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Aggregate Output: JSON_ARRAYAGG((('111'::text || (i)::text))::bytea FORMAT JSON NULL ON NULL RETURNING text) FILTER (WHERE (i > 3)) -> Function Scan on pg_catalog.generate_series i Output: i Function Call: generate_series(1, 5) (5 rows) EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON_ARRAYAGG(('111' || i)::bytea FORMAT JSON NULL ON NULL RETURNING text) OVER (PARTITION BY i % 2) FROM generate_series(1,5) i; QUERY PLAN -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- WindowAgg Output: JSON_ARRAYAGG((('111'::text || (i)::text))::bytea FORMAT JSON NULL ON NULL RETURNING text) OVER (?), ((i % 2)) -> Sort Output: ((i % 2)), i Sort Key: ((i.i % 2)) -> Function Scan on pg_catalog.generate_series i Output: (i % 2), i Function Call: generate_series(1, 5) (8 rows) CREATE VIEW json_arrayagg_view AS SELECT JSON_ARRAYAGG(('111' || i)::bytea FORMAT JSON NULL ON NULL RETURNING text) FILTER (WHERE i > 3) FROM generate_series(1,5) i; \sv json_arrayagg_view CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW public.json_arrayagg_view AS SELECT JSON_ARRAYAGG(('111'::text || i)::bytea FORMAT JSON NULL ON NULL RETURNING text) FILTER (WHERE i > 3) AS "json_arrayagg" FROM generate_series(1, 5) i(i) DROP VIEW json_arrayagg_view; -- Test JSON_ARRAY(subquery) deparsing EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT JSON_ARRAY(SELECT i FROM (VALUES (1), (2), (NULL), (4)) foo(i) RETURNING jsonb); QUERY PLAN --------------------------------------------------------------------- Result Output: (InitPlan 1).col1 InitPlan 1 -> Aggregate Output: JSON_ARRAYAGG("*VALUES*".column1 RETURNING jsonb) -> Values Scan on "*VALUES*" Output: "*VALUES*".column1 (7 rows) CREATE VIEW json_array_subquery_view AS SELECT JSON_ARRAY(SELECT i FROM (VALUES (1), (2), (NULL), (4)) foo(i) RETURNING jsonb); \sv json_array_subquery_view CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW public.json_array_subquery_view AS SELECT ( SELECT JSON_ARRAYAGG(q.a RETURNING jsonb) AS "json_arrayagg" FROM ( SELECT foo.i FROM ( VALUES (1), (2), (NULL::integer), (4)) foo(i)) q(a)) AS "json_array" DROP VIEW json_array_subquery_view; -- IS JSON predicate SELECT NULL IS JSON; ?column? ---------- (1 row) SELECT NULL IS NOT JSON; ?column? ---------- (1 row) SELECT NULL::json IS JSON; ?column? ---------- (1 row) SELECT NULL::jsonb IS JSON; ?column? ---------- (1 row) SELECT NULL::text IS JSON; ?column? ---------- (1 row) SELECT NULL::bytea IS JSON; ?column? ---------- (1 row) SELECT NULL::int IS JSON; ERROR: cannot use type integer in IS JSON predicate SELECT '' IS JSON; ?column? ---------- f (1 row) SELECT bytea '\x00' IS JSON; ERROR: invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0x00 CREATE TABLE test_is_json (js text); INSERT INTO test_is_json VALUES (NULL), (''), ('123'), ('"aaa "'), ('true'), ('null'), ('[]'), ('[1, "2", {}]'), ('{}'), ('{ "a": 1, "b": null }'), ('{ "a": 1, "a": null }'), ('{ "a": 1, "b": [{ "a": 1 }, { "a": 2 }] }'), ('{ "a": 1, "b": [{ "a": 1, "b": 0, "a": 2 }] }'), ('aaa'), ('{a:1}'), ('["a",]'); SELECT js, js IS JSON "IS JSON", js IS NOT JSON "IS NOT JSON", js IS JSON VALUE "IS VALUE", js IS JSON OBJECT "IS OBJECT", js IS JSON ARRAY "IS ARRAY", js IS JSON SCALAR "IS SCALAR", js IS JSON WITHOUT UNIQUE KEYS "WITHOUT UNIQUE", js IS JSON WITH UNIQUE KEYS "WITH UNIQUE" FROM test_is_json; js | IS JSON | IS NOT JSON | IS VALUE | IS OBJECT | IS ARRAY | IS SCALAR | WITHOUT UNIQUE | WITH UNIQUE -----------------------------------------------+---------+-------------+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+----------------+------------- | | | | | | | | | f | t | f | f | f | f | f | f 123 | t | f | t | f | f | t | t | t "aaa " | t | f | t | f | f | t | t | t true | t | f | t | f | f | t | t | t null | t | f | t | f | f | t | t | t [] | t | f | t | f | t | f | t | t [1, "2", {}] | t | f | t | f | t | f | t | t {} | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | t { "a": 1, "b": null } | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | t { "a": 1, "a": null } | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | f { "a": 1, "b": [{ "a": 1 }, { "a": 2 }] } | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | t { "a": 1, "b": [{ "a": 1, "b": 0, "a": 2 }] } | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | f aaa | f | t | f | f | f | f | f | f {a:1} | f | t | f | f | f | f | f | f ["a",] | f | t | f | f | f | f | f | f (16 rows) SELECT js, js IS JSON "IS JSON", js IS NOT JSON "IS NOT JSON", js IS JSON VALUE "IS VALUE", js IS JSON OBJECT "IS OBJECT", js IS JSON ARRAY "IS ARRAY", js IS JSON SCALAR "IS SCALAR", js IS JSON WITHOUT UNIQUE KEYS "WITHOUT UNIQUE", js IS JSON WITH UNIQUE KEYS "WITH UNIQUE" FROM (SELECT js::json FROM test_is_json WHERE js IS JSON) foo(js); js | IS JSON | IS NOT JSON | IS VALUE | IS OBJECT | IS ARRAY | IS SCALAR | WITHOUT UNIQUE | WITH UNIQUE -----------------------------------------------+---------+-------------+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+----------------+------------- 123 | t | f | t | f | f | t | t | t "aaa " | t | f | t | f | f | t | t | t true | t | f | t | f | f | t | t | t null | t | f | t | f | f | t | t | t [] | t | f | t | f | t | f | t | t [1, "2", {}] | t | f | t | f | t | f | t | t {} | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | t { "a": 1, "b": null } | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | t { "a": 1, "a": null } | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | f { "a": 1, "b": [{ "a": 1 }, { "a": 2 }] } | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | t { "a": 1, "b": [{ "a": 1, "b": 0, "a": 2 }] } | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | f (11 rows) SELECT js0, js IS JSON "IS JSON", js IS NOT JSON "IS NOT JSON", js IS JSON VALUE "IS VALUE", js IS JSON OBJECT "IS OBJECT", js IS JSON ARRAY "IS ARRAY", js IS JSON SCALAR "IS SCALAR", js IS JSON WITHOUT UNIQUE KEYS "WITHOUT UNIQUE", js IS JSON WITH UNIQUE KEYS "WITH UNIQUE" FROM (SELECT js, js::bytea FROM test_is_json WHERE js IS JSON) foo(js0, js); js0 | IS JSON | IS NOT JSON | IS VALUE | IS OBJECT | IS ARRAY | IS SCALAR | WITHOUT UNIQUE | WITH UNIQUE -----------------------------------------------+---------+-------------+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+----------------+------------- 123 | t | f | t | f | f | t | t | t "aaa " | t | f | t | f | f | t | t | t true | t | f | t | f | f | t | t | t null | t | f | t | f | f | t | t | t [] | t | f | t | f | t | f | t | t [1, "2", {}] | t | f | t | f | t | f | t | t {} | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | t { "a": 1, "b": null } | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | t { "a": 1, "a": null } | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | f { "a": 1, "b": [{ "a": 1 }, { "a": 2 }] } | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | t { "a": 1, "b": [{ "a": 1, "b": 0, "a": 2 }] } | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | f (11 rows) SELECT js, js IS JSON "IS JSON", js IS NOT JSON "IS NOT JSON", js IS JSON VALUE "IS VALUE", js IS JSON OBJECT "IS OBJECT", js IS JSON ARRAY "IS ARRAY", js IS JSON SCALAR "IS SCALAR", js IS JSON WITHOUT UNIQUE KEYS "WITHOUT UNIQUE", js IS JSON WITH UNIQUE KEYS "WITH UNIQUE" FROM (SELECT js::jsonb FROM test_is_json WHERE js IS JSON) foo(js); js | IS JSON | IS NOT JSON | IS VALUE | IS OBJECT | IS ARRAY | IS SCALAR | WITHOUT UNIQUE | WITH UNIQUE -------------------------------------+---------+-------------+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+----------------+------------- 123 | t | f | t | f | f | t | t | t "aaa " | t | f | t | f | f | t | t | t true | t | f | t | f | f | t | t | t null | t | f | t | f | f | t | t | t [] | t | f | t | f | t | f | t | t [1, "2", {}] | t | f | t | f | t | f | t | t {} | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | t {"a": 1, "b": null} | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | t {"a": null} | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | t {"a": 1, "b": [{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]} | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | t {"a": 1, "b": [{"a": 2, "b": 0}]} | t | f | t | t | f | f | t | t (11 rows) -- Test IS JSON deparsing EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT '1' IS JSON AS "any", ('1' || i) IS JSON SCALAR AS "scalar", '[]' IS NOT JSON ARRAY AS "array", '{}' IS JSON OBJECT WITH UNIQUE AS "object" FROM generate_series(1, 3) i; QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Function Scan on pg_catalog.generate_series i Output: ('1'::text IS JSON), (('1'::text || (i)::text) IS JSON SCALAR), (NOT ('[]'::text IS JSON ARRAY)), ('{}'::text IS JSON OBJECT WITH UNIQUE KEYS) Function Call: generate_series(1, 3) (3 rows) CREATE VIEW is_json_view AS SELECT '1' IS JSON AS "any", ('1' || i) IS JSON SCALAR AS "scalar", '[]' IS NOT JSON ARRAY AS "array", '{}' IS JSON OBJECT WITH UNIQUE AS "object" FROM generate_series(1, 3) i; \sv is_json_view CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW public.is_json_view AS SELECT '1'::text IS JSON AS "any", ('1'::text || i) IS JSON SCALAR AS scalar, NOT '[]'::text IS JSON ARRAY AS "array", '{}'::text IS JSON OBJECT WITH UNIQUE KEYS AS object FROM generate_series(1, 3) i(i) DROP VIEW is_json_view;