-- -- FOREIGN KEY -- -- MATCH FULL -- -- First test, check and cascade -- CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- Insert test data into PKTABLE INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 'Test1'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 'Test2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (3, 'Test3'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (4, 'Test4'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (5, 'Test5'); -- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 3); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (3, 4); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 1); -- Insert a failed row into FK TABLE INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (100, 2); ERROR: $1 referential integrity violation - key (ftest1)=(100) referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- Check FKTABLE SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 --------+-------- 1 | 2 2 | 3 3 | 4 | 1 (4 rows) -- Delete a row from PK TABLE DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=1; -- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 --------+-------- 2 | 3 3 | 4 | 1 (3 rows) -- Update a row from PK TABLE UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=1 WHERE ptest1=2; -- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 --------+-------- 3 | 4 | 1 1 | 3 (3 rows) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- -- check set NULL and table constraint on multiple columns -- CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2) ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, CONSTRAINT constrname FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- Insert test data into PKTABLE INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 'Test1'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 'Test1-2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 'Test2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (3, 6, 'Test3'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (4, 8, 'Test4'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (5, 10, 'Test5'); -- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 4); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 5); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 8); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (3, 6, 12); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, NULL, 0); -- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (100, 2, 4); ERROR: constrname referential integrity violation - key (ftest1,ftest2)=(100,2) referenced from fktable not found in pktable INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 2, 4); ERROR: constrname referential integrity violation - key (ftest1,ftest2)=(2,2) referenced from fktable not found in pktable INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 4); ERROR: constrname referential integrity violation - MATCH FULL doesn't allow mixing of NULL and NON-NULL key values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, NULL, 4); ERROR: constrname referential integrity violation - MATCH FULL doesn't allow mixing of NULL and NON-NULL key values -- Check FKTABLE SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 --------+--------+-------- 1 | 2 | 4 1 | 3 | 5 2 | 4 | 8 3 | 6 | 12 | | 0 (5 rows) -- Delete a row from PK TABLE DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=1 and ptest2=2; -- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 --------+--------+-------- 1 | 3 | 5 2 | 4 | 8 3 | 6 | 12 | | 0 | | 4 (5 rows) -- Delete another row from PK TABLE DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=5 and ptest2=10; -- Check FKTABLE (should be no change) SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 --------+--------+-------- 1 | 3 | 5 2 | 4 | 8 3 | 6 | 12 | | 0 | | 4 (5 rows) -- Update a row from PK TABLE UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=1 WHERE ptest1=2; -- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 --------+--------+-------- 1 | 3 | 5 3 | 6 | 12 | | 0 | | 4 | | 8 (5 rows) DROP TABLE PKTABLE CASCADE; NOTICE: Drop cascades to constraint constrname on table fktable DROP TABLE FKTABLE; -- -- check set default and table constraint on multiple columns -- CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2) ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int DEFAULT -1, ftest2 int DEFAULT -2, ftest3 int, CONSTRAINT constrname2 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- Insert a value in PKTABLE for default INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (-1, -2, 'The Default!'); -- Insert test data into PKTABLE INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 'Test1'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 'Test1-2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 'Test2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (3, 6, 'Test3'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (4, 8, 'Test4'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (5, 10, 'Test5'); -- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 4); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 5); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 8); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (3, 6, 12); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, NULL, 0); -- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (100, 2, 4); ERROR: constrname2 referential integrity violation - key (ftest1,ftest2)=(100,2) referenced from fktable not found in pktable INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 2, 4); ERROR: constrname2 referential integrity violation - key (ftest1,ftest2)=(2,2) referenced from fktable not found in pktable INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 4); ERROR: constrname2 referential integrity violation - MATCH FULL doesn't allow mixing of NULL and NON-NULL key values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, NULL, 4); ERROR: constrname2 referential integrity violation - MATCH FULL doesn't allow mixing of NULL and NON-NULL key values -- Check FKTABLE SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 --------+--------+-------- 1 | 2 | 4 1 | 3 | 5 2 | 4 | 8 3 | 6 | 12 | | 0 (5 rows) -- Delete a row from PK TABLE DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=1 and ptest2=2; -- Check FKTABLE to check for removal SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 --------+--------+-------- 1 | 3 | 5 2 | 4 | 8 3 | 6 | 12 | | 0 -1 | -2 | 4 (5 rows) -- Delete another row from PK TABLE DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=5 and ptest2=10; -- Check FKTABLE (should be no change) SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 --------+--------+-------- 1 | 3 | 5 2 | 4 | 8 3 | 6 | 12 | | 0 -1 | -2 | 4 (5 rows) -- Update a row from PK TABLE UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=1 WHERE ptest1=2; -- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 --------+--------+-------- 1 | 3 | 5 3 | 6 | 12 | | 0 -1 | -2 | 4 -1 | -2 | 8 (5 rows) -- this should fail for lack of CASCADE DROP TABLE PKTABLE; NOTICE: constraint constrname2 on table fktable depends on table pktable ERROR: Cannot drop table pktable because other objects depend on it Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too DROP TABLE PKTABLE CASCADE; NOTICE: Drop cascades to constraint constrname2 on table fktable DROP TABLE FKTABLE; -- -- First test, check with no on delete or on update -- CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL, ftest2 int ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- Insert test data into PKTABLE INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 'Test1'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 'Test2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (3, 'Test3'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (4, 'Test4'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (5, 'Test5'); -- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 3); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (3, 4); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 1); -- Insert a failed row into FK TABLE INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (100, 2); ERROR: $1 referential integrity violation - key (ftest1)=(100) referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- Check FKTABLE SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 --------+-------- 1 | 2 2 | 3 3 | 4 | 1 (4 rows) -- Check PKTABLE SELECT * FROM PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 --------+-------- 1 | Test1 2 | Test2 3 | Test3 4 | Test4 5 | Test5 (5 rows) -- Delete a row from PK TABLE (should fail) DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=1; ERROR: $1 referential integrity violation - key (ptest1)=(1) in pktable still referenced from fktable -- Delete a row from PK TABLE (should succeed) DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=5; -- Check PKTABLE for deletes SELECT * FROM PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 --------+-------- 1 | Test1 2 | Test2 3 | Test3 4 | Test4 (4 rows) -- Update a row from PK TABLE (should fail) UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=0 WHERE ptest1=2; ERROR: $1 referential integrity violation - key (ptest1)=(2) in pktable still referenced from fktable -- Update a row from PK TABLE (should succeed) UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=0 WHERE ptest1=4; -- Check PKTABLE for updates SELECT * FROM PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 --------+-------- 1 | Test1 2 | Test2 3 | Test3 0 | Test4 (4 rows) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- MATCH unspecified -- Base test restricting update/delete CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, ftest4 int, CONSTRAINT constrname3 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- Insert Primary Key values INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 3, 'test2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 'test3'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 'test4'); -- Insert Foreign Key values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 3, 2); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 3, 3); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 7, 4); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 3, 4, 5); -- Insert a failed values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 7, 6); ERROR: constrname3 referential integrity violation - key (ftest1,ftest2,ftest3)=(1,2,7) referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- Show FKTABLE SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 (5 rows) -- Try to update something that should fail UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=5 where ptest2=2; ERROR: constrname3 referential integrity violation - key (ptest1,ptest2,ptest3)=(1,2,3) in pktable still referenced from fktable -- Try to update something that should succeed UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest1=1 WHERE ptest2=3; -- Try to delete something that should fail DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=1 and ptest2=2 and ptest3=3; ERROR: constrname3 referential integrity violation - key (ptest1,ptest2,ptest3)=(1,2,3) in pktable still referenced from fktable -- Try to delete something that should work DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=2; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 1 | 2 | 3 | test1 1 | 3 | 3 | test2 1 | 3 | 4 | test3 (3 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 (5 rows) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- cascade update/delete CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, ftest4 int, CONSTRAINT constrname3 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- Insert Primary Key values INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 3, 'test2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 'test3'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 'test4'); -- Insert Foreign Key values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 3, 2); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 3, 3); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 7, 4); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 3, 4, 5); -- Insert a failed values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 7, 6); ERROR: constrname3 referential integrity violation - key (ftest1,ftest2,ftest3)=(1,2,7) referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- Show FKTABLE SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 (5 rows) -- Try to update something that will cascade UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=5 where ptest2=2; -- Try to update something that should not cascade UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest1=1 WHERE ptest2=3; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | 4 | 5 | test4 1 | 5 | 3 | test1 1 | 3 | 3 | test2 1 | 3 | 4 | test3 (4 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 (5 rows) -- Try to delete something that should cascade DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=1 and ptest2=5 and ptest3=3; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | 4 | 5 | test4 1 | 3 | 3 | test2 1 | 3 | 4 | test3 (3 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 (4 rows) -- Try to delete something that should not have a cascade DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=2; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 1 | 3 | 3 | test2 1 | 3 | 4 | test3 (2 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 (4 rows) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- set null update / set default delete CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int DEFAULT 0, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, ftest4 int, CONSTRAINT constrname3 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- Insert Primary Key values INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 3, 'test2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 'test3'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 'test4'); -- Insert Foreign Key values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 1); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 3, 2); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 3, 3); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 7, 4); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 3, 4, 5); -- Insert a failed values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 7, 6); ERROR: constrname3 referential integrity violation - key (ftest1,ftest2,ftest3)=(1,2,7) referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- Show FKTABLE SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 (6 rows) -- Try to update something that will set null UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=5 where ptest2=2; -- Try to update something that should not set null UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=2 WHERE ptest2=3 and ptest1=1; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | 3 | 4 | test3 2 | 4 | 5 | test4 1 | 5 | 3 | test1 1 | 2 | 3 | test2 (4 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 1 | | 3 | 1 (6 rows) -- Try to delete something that should set default DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=2 and ptest2=3 and ptest3=4; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | 4 | 5 | test4 1 | 5 | 3 | test1 1 | 2 | 3 | test2 (3 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 1 | | 3 | 1 0 | | | 1 (6 rows) -- Try to delete something that should not set default DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest2=5; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | 4 | 5 | test4 1 | 2 | 3 | test2 (2 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 1 | | 3 | 1 0 | | | 1 (6 rows) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- set default update / set null delete CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int DEFAULT 0, ftest2 int DEFAULT -1, ftest3 int, ftest4 int, CONSTRAINT constrname3 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- Insert Primary Key values INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 3, 'test2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 'test3'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 'test4'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, -1, 5, 'test5'); -- Insert Foreign Key values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 1); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 1); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 3, 2); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 3, 3); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 7, 4); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 3, 4, 5); -- Insert a failed values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 7, 6); ERROR: constrname3 referential integrity violation - key (ftest1,ftest2,ftest3)=(1,2,7) referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- Show FKTABLE SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 2 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 (7 rows) -- Try to update something that will fail UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=5 where ptest2=2; ERROR: constrname3 referential integrity violation - key (ftest1,ftest2,ftest3)=(1,-1,3) referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- Try to update something that will set default UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest1=0, ptest2=5, ptest3=10 where ptest2=2; UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=10 where ptest2=4; -- Try to update something that should not set default UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=2 WHERE ptest2=3 and ptest1=1; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | 3 | 4 | test3 2 | -1 | 5 | test5 0 | 5 | 10 | test1 2 | 10 | 5 | test4 1 | 2 | 3 | test2 (5 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 0 | -1 | | 1 2 | -1 | 5 | 1 (7 rows) -- Try to delete something that should set null DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=2 and ptest2=3 and ptest3=4; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | -1 | 5 | test5 0 | 5 | 10 | test1 2 | 10 | 5 | test4 1 | 2 | 3 | test2 (4 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 0 | -1 | | 1 2 | -1 | 5 | 1 | | | 1 (7 rows) -- Try to delete something that should not set null DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest2=5; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | -1 | 5 | test5 2 | 10 | 5 | test4 1 | 2 | 3 | test2 (3 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 0 | -1 | | 1 2 | -1 | 5 | 1 | | | 1 (7 rows) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; DROP TABLE PKTABLE; CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" CREATE TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL1 ( ftest1 int, CONSTRAINT fkfail1 FOREIGN KEY (ftest2) REFERENCES PKTABLE); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: column "ftest2" referenced in foreign key constraint does not exist CREATE TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL2 ( ftest1 int, CONSTRAINT fkfail1 FOREIGN KEY (ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLE(ptest2)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: column "ptest2" referenced in foreign key constraint does not exist DROP TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL1; ERROR: table "fktable_fail1" does not exist DROP TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL2; ERROR: table "fktable_fail2" does not exist DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- Test for referencing column number smaller than referenced constraint CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 int, UNIQUE(ptest1, ptest2)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / UNIQUE will create implicit index "pktable_ptest1_key" for table "pktable" CREATE TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL1 (ftest1 int REFERENCES pktable(ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: there is no UNIQUE constraint matching given keys for referenced table "pktable" DROP TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL1; ERROR: table "fktable_fail1" does not exist DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- -- Tests for mismatched types -- -- Basic one column, two table setup CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" -- This next should fail, because inet=int does not exist CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 inet REFERENCES pktable); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: inet = integer HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. -- This should also fail for the same reason, but here we -- give the column name CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 inet REFERENCES pktable(ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: inet = integer HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. -- This should succeed, even though they are different types -- because varchar=int does exist CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 varchar REFERENCES pktable); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; -- As should this CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 varchar REFERENCES pktable(ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- Two columns, two tables CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" -- This should fail, because we just chose really odd types CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 cidr, ftest2 timestamp, FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES pktable); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: cidr = integer HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. -- Again, so should this... CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 cidr, ftest2 timestamp, FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: cidr = integer HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. -- This fails because we mixed up the column ordering CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest2, ftest1) REFERENCES pktable); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: inet = integer HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. -- As does this... CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest2, ftest1) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: inet = integer HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. -- And again.. CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES pktable(ptest2, ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: integer = inet HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. -- This works... CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest2, ftest1) REFERENCES pktable(ptest2, ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; -- As does this CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- Two columns, same table -- Make sure this still works... CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest3, ptest4) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- And this, CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest3, ptest4) REFERENCES pktable); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- This shouldn't (mixed up columns) CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest3, ptest4) REFERENCES pktable(ptest2, ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: integer = inet HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. -- Nor should this... (same reason, we have 4,3 referencing 1,2 which mismatches types CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest4, ptest3) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: inet = integer HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. -- Not this one either... Same as the last one except we didn't defined the columns being referenced. CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest4, ptest3) REFERENCES pktable); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: inet = integer HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. -- -- Now some cases with inheritance -- Basic 2 table case: 1 column of matching types. create table pktable_base (base1 int not null); create table pktable (ptest1 int, primary key(base1), unique(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / UNIQUE will create implicit index "pktable_base1_key" for table "pktable" create table fktable (ftest1 int references pktable(base1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- now some ins, upd, del insert into pktable(base1) values (1); insert into pktable(base1) values (2); -- let's insert a non-existant fktable value insert into fktable(ftest1) values (3); ERROR: $1 referential integrity violation - key (ftest1)=(3) referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- let's make a valid row for that insert into pktable(base1) values (3); insert into fktable(ftest1) values (3); -- let's try removing a row that should fail from pktable delete from pktable where base1>2; ERROR: $1 referential integrity violation - key (base1)=(3) in pktable still referenced from fktable -- okay, let's try updating all of the base1 values to *4 -- which should fail. update pktable set base1=base1*4; ERROR: $1 referential integrity violation - key (base1)=(3) in pktable still referenced from fktable -- okay, let's try an update that should work. update pktable set base1=base1*4 where base1<3; -- and a delete that should work delete from pktable where base1>3; -- cleanup drop table fktable; delete from pktable; -- Now 2 columns 2 tables, matching types create table fktable (ftest1 int, ftest2 int, foreign key(ftest1, ftest2) references pktable(base1, ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- now some ins, upd, del insert into pktable(base1, ptest1) values (1, 1); insert into pktable(base1, ptest1) values (2, 2); -- let's insert a non-existant fktable value insert into fktable(ftest1, ftest2) values (3, 1); ERROR: $1 referential integrity violation - key (ftest1,ftest2)=(3,1) referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- let's make a valid row for that insert into pktable(base1,ptest1) values (3, 1); insert into fktable(ftest1, ftest2) values (3, 1); -- let's try removing a row that should fail from pktable delete from pktable where base1>2; ERROR: $1 referential integrity violation - key (base1,ptest1)=(3,1) in pktable still referenced from fktable -- okay, let's try updating all of the base1 values to *4 -- which should fail. update pktable set base1=base1*4; ERROR: $1 referential integrity violation - key (base1,ptest1)=(3,1) in pktable still referenced from fktable -- okay, let's try an update that should work. update pktable set base1=base1*4 where base1<3; -- and a delete that should work delete from pktable where base1>3; -- cleanup drop table fktable; drop table pktable; drop table pktable_base; -- Now we'll do one all in 1 table with 2 columns of matching types create table pktable_base(base1 int not null, base2 int); create table pktable(ptest1 int, ptest2 int, primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(base2, ptest2) references pktable(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (1, 1, 1, 1); insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (2, 1, 1, 1); insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (2, 2, 2, 1); insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (1, 3, 2, 2); -- fails (3,2) isn't in base1, ptest1 insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (2, 3, 3, 2); ERROR: $1 referential integrity violation - key (base2,ptest2)=(3,2) referenced from pktable not found in pktable -- fails (2,2) is being referenced delete from pktable where base1=2; ERROR: $1 referential integrity violation - key (base1,ptest1)=(2,2) in pktable still referenced from pktable -- fails (1,1) is being referenced (twice) update pktable set base1=3 where base1=1; ERROR: $1 referential integrity violation - key (base1,ptest1)=(1,1) in pktable still referenced from pktable -- this sequence of two deletes will work, since after the first there will be no (2,*) references delete from pktable where base2=2; delete from pktable where base1=2; drop table pktable; drop table pktable_base; -- 2 columns (2 tables), mismatched types create table pktable_base(base1 int not null); create table pktable(ptest1 inet, primary key(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" -- just generally bad types (with and without column references on the referenced table) create table fktable(ftest1 cidr, ftest2 int[], foreign key (ftest1, ftest2) references pktable); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: cidr = integer HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. create table fktable(ftest1 cidr, ftest2 int[], foreign key (ftest1, ftest2) references pktable(base1, ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: cidr = integer HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. -- let's mix up which columns reference which create table fktable(ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, foreign key(ftest2, ftest1) references pktable); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: inet = integer HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. create table fktable(ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, foreign key(ftest2, ftest1) references pktable(base1, ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: inet = integer HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. create table fktable(ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, foreign key(ftest1, ftest2) references pktable(ptest1, base1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: integer = inet HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. drop table pktable; drop table pktable_base; -- 2 columns (1 table), mismatched types create table pktable_base(base1 int not null, base2 int); create table pktable(ptest1 inet, ptest2 inet[], primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(base2, ptest2) references pktable(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: inet[] = inet HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. create table pktable(ptest1 inet, ptest2 inet, primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(base2, ptest2) references pktable(ptest1, base1)) inherits (pktable_base); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: integer = inet HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. create table pktable(ptest1 inet, ptest2 inet, primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(ptest2, base2) references pktable(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: inet = integer HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. create table pktable(ptest1 inet, ptest2 inet, primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(ptest2, base2) references pktable(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: operator does not exist: inet = integer HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You may need to add explicit typecasts. drop table pktable; ERROR: table "pktable" does not exist drop table pktable_base; -- -- Deferrable constraints -- (right now, only FOREIGN KEY constraints can be deferred) -- -- deferrable, explicitely deferred CREATE TABLE pktable ( id INT4 PRIMARY KEY, other INT4 ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" CREATE TABLE fktable ( id INT4 PRIMARY KEY, fk INT4 REFERENCES pktable DEFERRABLE ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "fktable_pkey" for table "fktable" NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- default to immediate: should fail INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (5, 10); ERROR: $1 referential integrity violation - key (fk)=(10) referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- explicitely defer the constraint BEGIN; SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED; INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (10, 15); INSERT INTO pktable VALUES (15, 0); -- make the FK insert valid COMMIT; DROP TABLE fktable, pktable; -- deferrable, initially deferred CREATE TABLE pktable ( id INT4 PRIMARY KEY, other INT4 ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" CREATE TABLE fktable ( id INT4 PRIMARY KEY, fk INT4 REFERENCES pktable DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "fktable_pkey" for table "fktable" NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- default to deferred, should succeed BEGIN; INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (100, 200); INSERT INTO pktable VALUES (200, 500); -- make the FK insert valid COMMIT; -- default to deferred, explicitely make immediate BEGIN; SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE; -- should fail INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (500, 1000); ERROR: $1 referential integrity violation - key (fk)=(1000) referenced from fktable not found in pktable COMMIT; DROP TABLE fktable, pktable; -- tricky behavior: according to SQL99, if a deferred constraint is set -- to 'immediate' mode, it should be checked for validity *immediately*, -- not when the current transaction commits (i.e. the mode change applies -- retroactively) CREATE TABLE pktable ( id INT4 PRIMARY KEY, other INT4 ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pktable_pkey" for table "pktable" CREATE TABLE fktable ( id INT4 PRIMARY KEY, fk INT4 REFERENCES pktable DEFERRABLE ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "fktable_pkey" for table "fktable" NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) BEGIN; SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED; -- should succeed, for now INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (1000, 2000); -- should cause transaction abort, due to preceding error SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE; ERROR: $1 referential integrity violation - key (fk)=(2000) referenced from fktable not found in pktable INSERT INTO pktable VALUES (2000, 3); -- too late ERROR: current transaction is aborted, queries ignored until end of transaction block COMMIT; DROP TABLE fktable, pktable;