SELECT name, setting FROM pg_settings WHERE name LIKE 'enable%'; name | setting -------------------+--------- enable_bitmapscan | on enable_hashagg | on enable_hashjoin | on enable_indexscan | on enable_mergejoin | on enable_nestloop | on enable_seqscan | on enable_sort | on enable_tidscan | on (9 rows) CREATE TABLE foo2(fooid int, f2 int); INSERT INTO foo2 VALUES(1, 11); INSERT INTO foo2 VALUES(2, 22); INSERT INTO foo2 VALUES(1, 111); CREATE FUNCTION foot(int) returns setof foo2 as 'SELECT * FROM foo2 WHERE fooid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL; -- supposed to fail with ERROR select * from foo2, foot(foo2.fooid) z where foo2.f2 = z.f2; ERROR: function expression in FROM may not refer to other relations of same query level -- function in subselect select * from foo2 where f2 in (select f2 from foot(foo2.fooid) z where z.fooid = foo2.fooid) ORDER BY 1,2; fooid | f2 -------+----- 1 | 11 1 | 111 2 | 22 (3 rows) -- function in subselect select * from foo2 where f2 in (select f2 from foot(1) z where z.fooid = foo2.fooid) ORDER BY 1,2; fooid | f2 -------+----- 1 | 11 1 | 111 (2 rows) -- function in subselect select * from foo2 where f2 in (select f2 from foot(foo2.fooid) z where z.fooid = 1) ORDER BY 1,2; fooid | f2 -------+----- 1 | 11 1 | 111 (2 rows) -- nested functions select foot.fooid, foot.f2 from foot(sin(pi()/2)::int) ORDER BY 1,2; fooid | f2 -------+----- 1 | 11 1 | 111 (2 rows) CREATE TABLE foo (fooid int, foosubid int, fooname text, primary key(fooid,foosubid)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "foo_pkey" for table "foo" INSERT INTO foo VALUES(1,1,'Joe'); INSERT INTO foo VALUES(1,2,'Ed'); INSERT INTO foo VALUES(2,1,'Mary'); -- sql, proretset = f, prorettype = b CREATE FUNCTION getfoo(int) RETURNS int AS 'SELECT $1;' LANGUAGE SQL; SELECT * FROM getfoo(1) AS t1; t1 ---- 1 (1 row) CREATE VIEW vw_getfoo AS SELECT * FROM getfoo(1); SELECT * FROM vw_getfoo; getfoo -------- 1 (1 row) -- sql, proretset = t, prorettype = b DROP VIEW vw_getfoo; DROP FUNCTION getfoo(int); CREATE FUNCTION getfoo(int) RETURNS setof int AS 'SELECT fooid FROM foo WHERE fooid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL; SELECT * FROM getfoo(1) AS t1; t1 ---- 1 1 (2 rows) CREATE VIEW vw_getfoo AS SELECT * FROM getfoo(1); SELECT * FROM vw_getfoo; getfoo -------- 1 1 (2 rows) -- sql, proretset = t, prorettype = b DROP VIEW vw_getfoo; DROP FUNCTION getfoo(int); CREATE FUNCTION getfoo(int) RETURNS setof text AS 'SELECT fooname FROM foo WHERE fooid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL; SELECT * FROM getfoo(1) AS t1; t1 ----- Joe Ed (2 rows) CREATE VIEW vw_getfoo AS SELECT * FROM getfoo(1); SELECT * FROM vw_getfoo; getfoo -------- Joe Ed (2 rows) -- sql, proretset = f, prorettype = c DROP VIEW vw_getfoo; DROP FUNCTION getfoo(int); CREATE FUNCTION getfoo(int) RETURNS foo AS 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE fooid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL; SELECT * FROM getfoo(1) AS t1; fooid | foosubid | fooname -------+----------+--------- 1 | 1 | Joe (1 row) CREATE VIEW vw_getfoo AS SELECT * FROM getfoo(1); SELECT * FROM vw_getfoo; fooid | foosubid | fooname -------+----------+--------- 1 | 1 | Joe (1 row) -- sql, proretset = t, prorettype = c DROP VIEW vw_getfoo; DROP FUNCTION getfoo(int); CREATE FUNCTION getfoo(int) RETURNS setof foo AS 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE fooid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL; SELECT * FROM getfoo(1) AS t1; fooid | foosubid | fooname -------+----------+--------- 1 | 1 | Joe 1 | 2 | Ed (2 rows) CREATE VIEW vw_getfoo AS SELECT * FROM getfoo(1); SELECT * FROM vw_getfoo; fooid | foosubid | fooname -------+----------+--------- 1 | 1 | Joe 1 | 2 | Ed (2 rows) -- sql, proretset = f, prorettype = record DROP VIEW vw_getfoo; DROP FUNCTION getfoo(int); CREATE FUNCTION getfoo(int) RETURNS RECORD AS 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE fooid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL; SELECT * FROM getfoo(1) AS t1(fooid int, foosubid int, fooname text); fooid | foosubid | fooname -------+----------+--------- 1 | 1 | Joe (1 row) CREATE VIEW vw_getfoo AS SELECT * FROM getfoo(1) AS (fooid int, foosubid int, fooname text); SELECT * FROM vw_getfoo; fooid | foosubid | fooname -------+----------+--------- 1 | 1 | Joe (1 row) -- sql, proretset = t, prorettype = record DROP VIEW vw_getfoo; DROP FUNCTION getfoo(int); CREATE FUNCTION getfoo(int) RETURNS setof record AS 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE fooid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL; SELECT * FROM getfoo(1) AS t1(fooid int, foosubid int, fooname text); fooid | foosubid | fooname -------+----------+--------- 1 | 1 | Joe 1 | 2 | Ed (2 rows) CREATE VIEW vw_getfoo AS SELECT * FROM getfoo(1) AS (fooid int, foosubid int, fooname text); SELECT * FROM vw_getfoo; fooid | foosubid | fooname -------+----------+--------- 1 | 1 | Joe 1 | 2 | Ed (2 rows) -- plpgsql, proretset = f, prorettype = b DROP VIEW vw_getfoo; DROP FUNCTION getfoo(int); CREATE FUNCTION getfoo(int) RETURNS int AS 'DECLARE fooint int; BEGIN SELECT fooid into fooint FROM foo WHERE fooid = $1; RETURN fooint; END;' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql'; SELECT * FROM getfoo(1) AS t1; t1 ---- 1 (1 row) CREATE VIEW vw_getfoo AS SELECT * FROM getfoo(1); SELECT * FROM vw_getfoo; getfoo -------- 1 (1 row) -- plpgsql, proretset = f, prorettype = c DROP VIEW vw_getfoo; DROP FUNCTION getfoo(int); CREATE FUNCTION getfoo(int) RETURNS foo AS 'DECLARE footup foo%ROWTYPE; BEGIN SELECT * into footup FROM foo WHERE fooid = $1; RETURN footup; END;' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql'; SELECT * FROM getfoo(1) AS t1; fooid | foosubid | fooname -------+----------+--------- 1 | 1 | Joe (1 row) CREATE VIEW vw_getfoo AS SELECT * FROM getfoo(1); SELECT * FROM vw_getfoo; fooid | foosubid | fooname -------+----------+--------- 1 | 1 | Joe (1 row) DROP VIEW vw_getfoo; DROP FUNCTION getfoo(int); DROP FUNCTION foot(int); DROP TABLE foo2; DROP TABLE foo; -- Rescan tests -- CREATE TABLE foorescan (fooid int, foosubid int, fooname text, primary key(fooid,foosubid)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "foorescan_pkey" for table "foorescan" INSERT INTO foorescan values(5000,1,'abc.5000.1'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5001,1,'abc.5001.1'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5002,1,'abc.5002.1'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5003,1,'abc.5003.1'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5004,1,'abc.5004.1'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5005,1,'abc.5005.1'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5006,1,'abc.5006.1'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5007,1,'abc.5007.1'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5008,1,'abc.5008.1'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5009,1,'abc.5009.1'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5000,2,'abc.5000.2'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5001,2,'abc.5001.2'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5002,2,'abc.5002.2'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5003,2,'abc.5003.2'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5004,2,'abc.5004.2'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5005,2,'abc.5005.2'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5006,2,'abc.5006.2'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5007,2,'abc.5007.2'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5008,2,'abc.5008.2'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5009,2,'abc.5009.2'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5000,3,'abc.5000.3'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5001,3,'abc.5001.3'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5002,3,'abc.5002.3'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5003,3,'abc.5003.3'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5004,3,'abc.5004.3'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5005,3,'abc.5005.3'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5006,3,'abc.5006.3'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5007,3,'abc.5007.3'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5008,3,'abc.5008.3'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5009,3,'abc.5009.3'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5000,4,'abc.5000.4'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5001,4,'abc.5001.4'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5002,4,'abc.5002.4'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5003,4,'abc.5003.4'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5004,4,'abc.5004.4'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5005,4,'abc.5005.4'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5006,4,'abc.5006.4'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5007,4,'abc.5007.4'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5008,4,'abc.5008.4'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5009,4,'abc.5009.4'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5000,5,'abc.5000.5'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5001,5,'abc.5001.5'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5002,5,'abc.5002.5'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5003,5,'abc.5003.5'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5004,5,'abc.5004.5'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5005,5,'abc.5005.5'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5006,5,'abc.5006.5'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5007,5,'abc.5007.5'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5008,5,'abc.5008.5'); INSERT INTO foorescan values(5009,5,'abc.5009.5'); CREATE FUNCTION foorescan(int,int) RETURNS setof foorescan AS 'SELECT * FROM foorescan WHERE fooid >= $1 and fooid < $2 ;' LANGUAGE SQL; --invokes ExecFunctionReScan SELECT * FROM foorescan f WHERE f.fooid IN (SELECT fooid FROM foorescan(5002,5004)) ORDER BY 1,2; fooid | foosubid | fooname -------+----------+------------ 5002 | 1 | abc.5002.1 5002 | 2 | abc.5002.2 5002 | 3 | abc.5002.3 5002 | 4 | abc.5002.4 5002 | 5 | abc.5002.5 5003 | 1 | abc.5003.1 5003 | 2 | abc.5003.2 5003 | 3 | abc.5003.3 5003 | 4 | abc.5003.4 5003 | 5 | abc.5003.5 (10 rows) CREATE VIEW vw_foorescan AS SELECT * FROM foorescan(5002,5004); --invokes ExecFunctionReScan SELECT * FROM foorescan f WHERE f.fooid IN (SELECT fooid FROM vw_foorescan) ORDER BY 1,2; fooid | foosubid | fooname -------+----------+------------ 5002 | 1 | abc.5002.1 5002 | 2 | abc.5002.2 5002 | 3 | abc.5002.3 5002 | 4 | abc.5002.4 5002 | 5 | abc.5002.5 5003 | 1 | abc.5003.1 5003 | 2 | abc.5003.2 5003 | 3 | abc.5003.3 5003 | 4 | abc.5003.4 5003 | 5 | abc.5003.5 (10 rows) CREATE TABLE barrescan (fooid int primary key); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "barrescan_pkey" for table "barrescan" INSERT INTO barrescan values(5003); INSERT INTO barrescan values(5004); INSERT INTO barrescan values(5005); INSERT INTO barrescan values(5006); INSERT INTO barrescan values(5007); INSERT INTO barrescan values(5008); CREATE FUNCTION foorescan(int) RETURNS setof foorescan AS 'SELECT * FROM foorescan WHERE fooid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL; --invokes ExecFunctionReScan with chgParam != NULL SELECT f.* FROM barrescan b, foorescan f WHERE f.fooid = b.fooid AND b.fooid IN (SELECT fooid FROM foorescan(b.fooid)) ORDER BY 1,2; fooid | foosubid | fooname -------+----------+------------ 5003 | 1 | abc.5003.1 5003 | 2 | abc.5003.2 5003 | 3 | abc.5003.3 5003 | 4 | abc.5003.4 5003 | 5 | abc.5003.5 5004 | 1 | abc.5004.1 5004 | 2 | abc.5004.2 5004 | 3 | abc.5004.3 5004 | 4 | abc.5004.4 5004 | 5 | abc.5004.5 5005 | 1 | abc.5005.1 5005 | 2 | abc.5005.2 5005 | 3 | abc.5005.3 5005 | 4 | abc.5005.4 5005 | 5 | abc.5005.5 5006 | 1 | abc.5006.1 5006 | 2 | abc.5006.2 5006 | 3 | abc.5006.3 5006 | 4 | abc.5006.4 5006 | 5 | abc.5006.5 5007 | 1 | abc.5007.1 5007 | 2 | abc.5007.2 5007 | 3 | abc.5007.3 5007 | 4 | abc.5007.4 5007 | 5 | abc.5007.5 5008 | 1 | abc.5008.1 5008 | 2 | abc.5008.2 5008 | 3 | abc.5008.3 5008 | 4 | abc.5008.4 5008 | 5 | abc.5008.5 (30 rows) SELECT b.fooid, max(f.foosubid) FROM barrescan b, foorescan f WHERE f.fooid = b.fooid AND b.fooid IN (SELECT fooid FROM foorescan(b.fooid)) GROUP BY b.fooid ORDER BY 1,2; fooid | max -------+----- 5003 | 5 5004 | 5 5005 | 5 5006 | 5 5007 | 5 5008 | 5 (6 rows) CREATE VIEW fooview1 AS SELECT f.* FROM barrescan b, foorescan f WHERE f.fooid = b.fooid AND b.fooid IN (SELECT fooid FROM foorescan(b.fooid)) ORDER BY 1,2; SELECT * FROM fooview1 AS fv WHERE fv.fooid = 5004; fooid | foosubid | fooname -------+----------+------------ 5004 | 1 | abc.5004.1 5004 | 2 | abc.5004.2 5004 | 3 | abc.5004.3 5004 | 4 | abc.5004.4 5004 | 5 | abc.5004.5 (5 rows) CREATE VIEW fooview2 AS SELECT b.fooid, max(f.foosubid) AS maxsubid FROM barrescan b, foorescan f WHERE f.fooid = b.fooid AND b.fooid IN (SELECT fooid FROM foorescan(b.fooid)) GROUP BY b.fooid ORDER BY 1,2; SELECT * FROM fooview2 AS fv WHERE fv.maxsubid = 5; fooid | maxsubid -------+---------- 5003 | 5 5004 | 5 5005 | 5 5006 | 5 5007 | 5 5008 | 5 (6 rows) DROP VIEW vw_foorescan; DROP VIEW fooview1; DROP VIEW fooview2; DROP FUNCTION foorescan(int,int); DROP FUNCTION foorescan(int); DROP TABLE foorescan; DROP TABLE barrescan; -- -- Test cases involving OUT parameters -- CREATE FUNCTION foo(in f1 int, out f2 int) AS 'select $1+1' LANGUAGE sql; SELECT foo(42); foo ----- 43 (1 row) SELECT * FROM foo(42); f2 ---- 43 (1 row) SELECT * FROM foo(42) AS p(x); x ---- 43 (1 row) -- explicit spec of return type is OK CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION foo(in f1 int, out f2 int) RETURNS int AS 'select $1+1' LANGUAGE sql; -- error, wrong result type CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION foo(in f1 int, out f2 int) RETURNS float AS 'select $1+1' LANGUAGE sql; ERROR: function result type must be integer because of OUT parameters -- with multiple OUT params you must get a RECORD result CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION foo(in f1 int, out f2 int, out f3 text) RETURNS int AS 'select $1+1' LANGUAGE sql; ERROR: function result type must be record because of OUT parameters CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION foo(in f1 int, out f2 int, out f3 text) RETURNS record AS 'select $1+1' LANGUAGE sql; ERROR: cannot change return type of existing function HINT: Use DROP FUNCTION first. CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION foor(in f1 int, out f2 int, out text) AS $$select $1-1, $1::text || 'z'$$ LANGUAGE sql; SELECT f1, foor(f1) FROM int4_tbl; f1 | foor -------------+---------------------------- 0 | (-1,0z) 123456 | (123455,123456z) -123456 | (-123457,-123456z) 2147483647 | (2147483646,2147483647z) -2147483647 | (-2147483648,-2147483647z) (5 rows) SELECT * FROM foor(42); f2 | column2 ----+--------- 41 | 42z (1 row) SELECT * FROM foor(42) AS p(a,b); a | b ----+----- 41 | 42z (1 row) CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION foob(in f1 int, inout f2 int, out text) AS $$select $2-1, $1::text || 'z'$$ LANGUAGE sql; SELECT f1, foob(f1, f1/2) FROM int4_tbl; f1 | foob -------------+---------------------------- 0 | (-1,0z) 123456 | (61727,123456z) -123456 | (-61729,-123456z) 2147483647 | (1073741822,2147483647z) -2147483647 | (-1073741824,-2147483647z) (5 rows) SELECT * FROM foob(42, 99); f2 | column2 ----+--------- 98 | 42z (1 row) SELECT * FROM foob(42, 99) AS p(a,b); a | b ----+----- 98 | 42z (1 row) -- Can reference function with or without OUT params for DROP, etc DROP FUNCTION foo(int); DROP FUNCTION foor(in f2 int, out f1 int, out text); DROP FUNCTION foob(in f1 int, inout f2 int); -- -- For my next trick, polymorphic OUT parameters -- CREATE FUNCTION dup (f1 anyelement, f2 out anyelement, f3 out anyarray) AS 'select $1, array[$1,$1]' LANGUAGE sql; SELECT dup(22); dup ---------------- (22,"{22,22}") (1 row) SELECT dup('xyz'); -- fails ERROR: could not determine anyarray/anyelement type because input has type "unknown" SELECT dup('xyz'::text); dup ------------------- (xyz,"{xyz,xyz}") (1 row) SELECT * FROM dup('xyz'::text); f2 | f3 -----+----------- xyz | {xyz,xyz} (1 row) -- equivalent specification CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION dup (inout f2 anyelement, out f3 anyarray) AS 'select $1, array[$1,$1]' LANGUAGE sql; SELECT dup(22); dup ---------------- (22,"{22,22}") (1 row) DROP FUNCTION dup(anyelement); -- fails, no way to deduce outputs CREATE FUNCTION bad (f1 int, out f2 anyelement, out f3 anyarray) AS 'select $1, array[$1,$1]' LANGUAGE sql; ERROR: cannot determine result data type DETAIL: A function returning "anyarray" or "anyelement" must have at least one argument of either type.