CREATE TEMP TABLE x ( a serial, b int, c text not null default 'stuff', d text, e text ) ; CREATE FUNCTION fn_x_before () RETURNS TRIGGER AS ' BEGIN NEW.e := ''before trigger fired''::text; return NEW; END; ' LANGUAGE plpgsql; CREATE FUNCTION fn_x_after () RETURNS TRIGGER AS ' BEGIN UPDATE x set e=''after trigger fired'' where c=''stuff''; return NULL; END; ' LANGUAGE plpgsql; CREATE TRIGGER trg_x_after AFTER INSERT ON x FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE fn_x_after(); CREATE TRIGGER trg_x_before BEFORE INSERT ON x FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE fn_x_before(); COPY x (a, b, c, d, e) from stdin; COPY x (b, d) from stdin; COPY x (b, d) from stdin; COPY x (a, b, c, d, e) from stdin; -- non-existent column in column list: should fail COPY x (xyz) from stdin; ERROR: column "xyz" of relation "x" does not exist -- redundant options COPY x from stdin (format CSV, FORMAT CSV); ERROR: conflicting or redundant options LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (format CSV, FORMAT CSV); ^ COPY x from stdin (freeze off, freeze on); ERROR: conflicting or redundant options LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (freeze off, freeze on); ^ COPY x from stdin (delimiter ',', delimiter ','); ERROR: conflicting or redundant options LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (delimiter ',', delimiter ','); ^ COPY x from stdin (null ' ', null ' '); ERROR: conflicting or redundant options LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (null ' ', null ' '); ^ COPY x from stdin (header off, header on); ERROR: conflicting or redundant options LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (header off, header on); ^ COPY x from stdin (quote ':', quote ':'); ERROR: conflicting or redundant options LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (quote ':', quote ':'); ^ COPY x from stdin (escape ':', escape ':'); ERROR: conflicting or redundant options LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (escape ':', escape ':'); ^ COPY x from stdin (force_quote (a), force_quote *); ERROR: conflicting or redundant options LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (force_quote (a), force_quote *); ^ COPY x from stdin (force_not_null (a), force_not_null (b)); ERROR: conflicting or redundant options LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (force_not_null (a), force_not_null (b)); ^ COPY x from stdin (force_null (a), force_null (b)); ERROR: conflicting or redundant options COPY x from stdin (convert_selectively (a), convert_selectively (b)); ERROR: conflicting or redundant options LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (convert_selectively (a), convert_selectiv... ^ COPY x from stdin (encoding 'sql_ascii', encoding 'sql_ascii'); ERROR: conflicting or redundant options LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (encoding 'sql_ascii', encoding 'sql_ascii... ^ -- too many columns in column list: should fail COPY x (a, b, c, d, e, d, c) from stdin; ERROR: column "d" specified more than once -- missing data: should fail COPY x from stdin; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type integer: "" CONTEXT: COPY x, line 1, column a: "" COPY x from stdin; ERROR: missing data for column "e" CONTEXT: COPY x, line 1: "2000 230 23 23" COPY x from stdin; ERROR: missing data for column "e" CONTEXT: COPY x, line 1: "2001 231 \N \N" -- extra data: should fail COPY x from stdin; ERROR: extra data after last expected column CONTEXT: COPY x, line 1: "2002 232 40 50 60 70 80" -- various COPY options: delimiters, oids, NULL string, encoding COPY x (b, c, d, e) from stdin delimiter ',' null 'x'; COPY x from stdin WITH DELIMITER AS ';' NULL AS ''; COPY x from stdin WITH DELIMITER AS ':' NULL AS E'\\X' ENCODING 'sql_ascii'; COPY x TO stdout WHERE a = 1; ERROR: WHERE clause not allowed with COPY TO LINE 1: COPY x TO stdout WHERE a = 1; ^ COPY x from stdin WHERE a = 50004; COPY x from stdin WHERE a > 60003; COPY x from stdin WHERE f > 60003; ERROR: column "f" does not exist LINE 1: COPY x from stdin WHERE f > 60003; ^ COPY x from stdin WHERE a = max(x.b); ERROR: aggregate functions are not allowed in COPY FROM WHERE conditions LINE 1: COPY x from stdin WHERE a = max(x.b); ^ COPY x from stdin WHERE a IN (SELECT 1 FROM x); ERROR: cannot use subquery in COPY FROM WHERE condition LINE 1: COPY x from stdin WHERE a IN (SELECT 1 FROM x); ^ COPY x from stdin WHERE a IN (generate_series(1,5)); ERROR: set-returning functions are not allowed in COPY FROM WHERE conditions LINE 1: COPY x from stdin WHERE a IN (generate_series(1,5)); ^ COPY x from stdin WHERE a = row_number() over(b); ERROR: window functions are not allowed in COPY FROM WHERE conditions LINE 1: COPY x from stdin WHERE a = row_number() over(b); ^ -- check results of copy in SELECT * FROM x; a | b | c | d | e -------+----+------------+--------+---------------------- 9999 | | \N | NN | before trigger fired 10000 | 21 | 31 | 41 | before trigger fired 10001 | 22 | 32 | 42 | before trigger fired 10002 | 23 | 33 | 43 | before trigger fired 10003 | 24 | 34 | 44 | before trigger fired 10004 | 25 | 35 | 45 | before trigger fired 10005 | 26 | 36 | 46 | before trigger fired 6 | | 45 | 80 | before trigger fired 7 | | x | \x | before trigger fired 8 | | , | \, | before trigger fired 3000 | | c | | before trigger fired 4000 | | C | | before trigger fired 4001 | 1 | empty | | before trigger fired 4002 | 2 | null | | before trigger fired 4003 | 3 | Backslash | \ | before trigger fired 4004 | 4 | BackslashX | \X | before trigger fired 4005 | 5 | N | N | before trigger fired 4006 | 6 | BackslashN | \N | before trigger fired 4007 | 7 | XX | XX | before trigger fired 4008 | 8 | Delimiter | : | before trigger fired 50004 | 25 | 35 | 45 | before trigger fired 60004 | 25 | 35 | 45 | before trigger fired 60005 | 26 | 36 | 46 | before trigger fired 1 | 1 | stuff | test_1 | after trigger fired 2 | 2 | stuff | test_2 | after trigger fired 3 | 3 | stuff | test_3 | after trigger fired 4 | 4 | stuff | test_4 | after trigger fired 5 | 5 | stuff | test_5 | after trigger fired (28 rows) -- check copy out COPY x TO stdout; 9999 \N \\N NN before trigger fired 10000 21 31 41 before trigger fired 10001 22 32 42 before trigger fired 10002 23 33 43 before trigger fired 10003 24 34 44 before trigger fired 10004 25 35 45 before trigger fired 10005 26 36 46 before trigger fired 6 \N 45 80 before trigger fired 7 \N x \\x before trigger fired 8 \N , \\, before trigger fired 3000 \N c \N before trigger fired 4000 \N C \N before trigger fired 4001 1 empty before trigger fired 4002 2 null \N before trigger fired 4003 3 Backslash \\ before trigger fired 4004 4 BackslashX \\X before trigger fired 4005 5 N N before trigger fired 4006 6 BackslashN \\N before trigger fired 4007 7 XX XX before trigger fired 4008 8 Delimiter : before trigger fired 50004 25 35 45 before trigger fired 60004 25 35 45 before trigger fired 60005 26 36 46 before trigger fired 1 1 stuff test_1 after trigger fired 2 2 stuff test_2 after trigger fired 3 3 stuff test_3 after trigger fired 4 4 stuff test_4 after trigger fired 5 5 stuff test_5 after trigger fired COPY x (c, e) TO stdout; \\N before trigger fired 31 before trigger fired 32 before trigger fired 33 before trigger fired 34 before trigger fired 35 before trigger fired 36 before trigger fired 45 before trigger fired x before trigger fired , before trigger fired c before trigger fired C before trigger fired empty before trigger fired null before trigger fired Backslash before trigger fired BackslashX before trigger fired N before trigger fired BackslashN before trigger fired XX before trigger fired Delimiter before trigger fired 35 before trigger fired 35 before trigger fired 36 before trigger fired stuff after trigger fired stuff after trigger fired stuff after trigger fired stuff after trigger fired stuff after trigger fired COPY x (b, e) TO stdout WITH NULL 'I''m null'; I'm null before trigger fired 21 before trigger fired 22 before trigger fired 23 before trigger fired 24 before trigger fired 25 before trigger fired 26 before trigger fired I'm null before trigger fired I'm null before trigger fired I'm null before trigger fired I'm null before trigger fired I'm null before trigger fired 1 before trigger fired 2 before trigger fired 3 before trigger fired 4 before trigger fired 5 before trigger fired 6 before trigger fired 7 before trigger fired 8 before trigger fired 25 before trigger fired 25 before trigger fired 26 before trigger fired 1 after trigger fired 2 after trigger fired 3 after trigger fired 4 after trigger fired 5 after trigger fired CREATE TEMP TABLE y ( col1 text, col2 text ); INSERT INTO y VALUES ('Jackson, Sam', E'\\h'); INSERT INTO y VALUES ('It is "perfect".',E'\t'); INSERT INTO y VALUES ('', NULL); COPY y TO stdout WITH CSV; "Jackson, Sam",\h "It is ""perfect"".", "", COPY y TO stdout WITH CSV QUOTE '''' DELIMITER '|'; Jackson, Sam|\h It is "perfect".| ''| COPY y TO stdout WITH CSV FORCE QUOTE col2 ESCAPE E'\\' ENCODING 'sql_ascii'; "Jackson, Sam","\\h" "It is \"perfect\"."," " "", COPY y TO stdout WITH CSV FORCE QUOTE *; "Jackson, Sam","\h" "It is ""perfect""."," " "", -- Repeat above tests with new 9.0 option syntax COPY y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV); "Jackson, Sam",\h "It is ""perfect"".", "", COPY y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, QUOTE '''', DELIMITER '|'); Jackson, Sam|\h It is "perfect".| ''| COPY y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, FORCE_QUOTE (col2), ESCAPE E'\\'); "Jackson, Sam","\\h" "It is \"perfect\"."," " "", COPY y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, FORCE_QUOTE *); "Jackson, Sam","\h" "It is ""perfect""."," " "", \copy y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV) "Jackson, Sam",\h "It is ""perfect"".", "", \copy y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, QUOTE '''', DELIMITER '|') Jackson, Sam|\h It is "perfect".| ''| \copy y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, FORCE_QUOTE (col2), ESCAPE E'\\') "Jackson, Sam","\\h" "It is \"perfect\"."," " "", \copy y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, FORCE_QUOTE *) "Jackson, Sam","\h" "It is ""perfect""."," " "", --test that we read consecutive LFs properly CREATE TEMP TABLE testnl (a int, b text, c int); COPY testnl FROM stdin CSV; -- test end of copy marker CREATE TEMP TABLE testeoc (a text); COPY testeoc FROM stdin CSV; COPY testeoc TO stdout CSV; a\. \.b c\.d "\." -- test handling of nonstandard null marker that violates escaping rules CREATE TEMP TABLE testnull(a int, b text); INSERT INTO testnull VALUES (1, E'\\0'), (NULL, NULL); COPY testnull TO stdout WITH NULL AS E'\\0'; 1 \\0 \0 \0 COPY testnull FROM stdin WITH NULL AS E'\\0'; SELECT * FROM testnull; a | b ----+---- 1 | \0 | 42 | \0 | (4 rows) BEGIN; CREATE TABLE vistest (LIKE testeoc); COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV; COMMIT; SELECT * FROM vistest; a ---- a0 b (2 rows) BEGIN; TRUNCATE vistest; COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV; SELECT * FROM vistest; a ---- a1 b (2 rows) SAVEPOINT s1; TRUNCATE vistest; COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV; SELECT * FROM vistest; a ---- d1 e (2 rows) COMMIT; SELECT * FROM vistest; a ---- d1 e (2 rows) BEGIN; TRUNCATE vistest; COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE; SELECT * FROM vistest; a ---- a2 b (2 rows) SAVEPOINT s1; TRUNCATE vistest; COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE; SELECT * FROM vistest; a ---- d2 e (2 rows) COMMIT; SELECT * FROM vistest; a ---- d2 e (2 rows) BEGIN; TRUNCATE vistest; COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE; SELECT * FROM vistest; a --- x y (2 rows) COMMIT; TRUNCATE vistest; COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE; ERROR: cannot perform COPY FREEZE because the table was not created or truncated in the current subtransaction BEGIN; TRUNCATE vistest; SAVEPOINT s1; COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE; ERROR: cannot perform COPY FREEZE because the table was not created or truncated in the current subtransaction COMMIT; BEGIN; INSERT INTO vistest VALUES ('z'); SAVEPOINT s1; TRUNCATE vistest; ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT s1; COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE; ERROR: cannot perform COPY FREEZE because the table was not created or truncated in the current subtransaction COMMIT; CREATE FUNCTION truncate_in_subxact() RETURNS VOID AS $$ BEGIN TRUNCATE vistest; EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN INSERT INTO vistest VALUES ('subxact failure'); END; $$ language plpgsql; BEGIN; INSERT INTO vistest VALUES ('z'); SELECT truncate_in_subxact(); truncate_in_subxact --------------------- (1 row) COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE; SELECT * FROM vistest; a ---- d4 e (2 rows) COMMIT; SELECT * FROM vistest; a ---- d4 e (2 rows) -- Test FORCE_NOT_NULL and FORCE_NULL options CREATE TEMP TABLE forcetest ( a INT NOT NULL, b TEXT NOT NULL, c TEXT, d TEXT, e TEXT ); \pset null NULL -- should succeed with no effect ("b" remains an empty string, "c" remains NULL) BEGIN; COPY forcetest (a, b, c) FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT csv, FORCE_NOT_NULL(b), FORCE_NULL(c)); COMMIT; SELECT b, c FROM forcetest WHERE a = 1; b | c ---+------ | NULL (1 row) -- should succeed, FORCE_NULL and FORCE_NOT_NULL can be both specified BEGIN; COPY forcetest (a, b, c, d) FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT csv, FORCE_NOT_NULL(c,d), FORCE_NULL(c,d)); COMMIT; SELECT c, d FROM forcetest WHERE a = 2; c | d ---+------ | NULL (1 row) -- should fail with not-null constraint violation BEGIN; COPY forcetest (a, b, c) FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT csv, FORCE_NULL(b), FORCE_NOT_NULL(c)); ERROR: null value in column "b" of relation "forcetest" violates not-null constraint DETAIL: Failing row contains (3, null, , null, null). CONTEXT: COPY forcetest, line 1: "3,,""" ROLLBACK; -- should fail with "not referenced by COPY" error BEGIN; COPY forcetest (d, e) FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT csv, FORCE_NOT_NULL(b)); ERROR: FORCE_NOT_NULL column "b" not referenced by COPY ROLLBACK; -- should fail with "not referenced by COPY" error BEGIN; COPY forcetest (d, e) FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT csv, FORCE_NULL(b)); ERROR: FORCE_NULL column "b" not referenced by COPY ROLLBACK; \pset null '' -- test case with whole-row Var in a check constraint create table check_con_tbl (f1 int); create function check_con_function(check_con_tbl) returns bool as $$ begin raise notice 'input = %', row_to_json($1); return $1.f1 > 0; end $$ language plpgsql immutable; alter table check_con_tbl add check (check_con_function(check_con_tbl.*)); \d+ check_con_tbl Table "public.check_con_tbl" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+------------- f1 | integer | | | | plain | | Check constraints: "check_con_tbl_check" CHECK (check_con_function(check_con_tbl.*)) copy check_con_tbl from stdin; NOTICE: input = {"f1":1} NOTICE: input = {"f1":null} copy check_con_tbl from stdin; NOTICE: input = {"f1":0} ERROR: new row for relation "check_con_tbl" violates check constraint "check_con_tbl_check" DETAIL: Failing row contains (0). CONTEXT: COPY check_con_tbl, line 1: "0" select * from check_con_tbl; f1 ---- 1 (2 rows) -- test with RLS enabled. CREATE ROLE regress_rls_copy_user; CREATE ROLE regress_rls_copy_user_colperms; CREATE TABLE rls_t1 (a int, b int, c int); COPY rls_t1 (a, b, c) from stdin; CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_t1 FOR SELECT USING (a % 2 = 0); ALTER TABLE rls_t1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; ALTER TABLE rls_t1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY; GRANT SELECT ON TABLE rls_t1 TO regress_rls_copy_user; GRANT SELECT (a, b) ON TABLE rls_t1 TO regress_rls_copy_user_colperms; -- all columns COPY rls_t1 TO stdout; 1 4 1 2 3 2 3 2 3 4 1 4 COPY rls_t1 (a, b, c) TO stdout; 1 4 1 2 3 2 3 2 3 4 1 4 -- subset of columns COPY rls_t1 (a) TO stdout; 1 2 3 4 COPY rls_t1 (a, b) TO stdout; 1 4 2 3 3 2 4 1 -- column reordering COPY rls_t1 (b, a) TO stdout; 4 1 3 2 2 3 1 4 SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_copy_user; -- all columns COPY rls_t1 TO stdout; 2 3 2 4 1 4 COPY rls_t1 (a, b, c) TO stdout; 2 3 2 4 1 4 -- subset of columns COPY rls_t1 (a) TO stdout; 2 4 COPY rls_t1 (a, b) TO stdout; 2 3 4 1 -- column reordering COPY rls_t1 (b, a) TO stdout; 3 2 1 4 RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_copy_user_colperms; -- attempt all columns (should fail) COPY rls_t1 TO stdout; ERROR: permission denied for table rls_t1 COPY rls_t1 (a, b, c) TO stdout; ERROR: permission denied for table rls_t1 -- try to copy column with no privileges (should fail) COPY rls_t1 (c) TO stdout; ERROR: permission denied for table rls_t1 -- subset of columns (should succeed) COPY rls_t1 (a) TO stdout; 2 4 COPY rls_t1 (a, b) TO stdout; 2 3 4 1 RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION; -- test with INSTEAD OF INSERT trigger on a view CREATE TABLE instead_of_insert_tbl(id serial, name text); CREATE VIEW instead_of_insert_tbl_view AS SELECT ''::text AS str; COPY instead_of_insert_tbl_view FROM stdin; -- fail ERROR: cannot copy to view "instead_of_insert_tbl_view" HINT: To enable copying to a view, provide an INSTEAD OF INSERT trigger. CREATE FUNCTION fun_instead_of_insert_tbl() RETURNS trigger AS $$ BEGIN INSERT INTO instead_of_insert_tbl (name) VALUES (NEW.str); RETURN NULL; END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; CREATE TRIGGER trig_instead_of_insert_tbl_view INSTEAD OF INSERT ON instead_of_insert_tbl_view FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE fun_instead_of_insert_tbl(); COPY instead_of_insert_tbl_view FROM stdin; SELECT * FROM instead_of_insert_tbl; id | name ----+------- 1 | test1 (1 row) -- Test of COPY optimization with view using INSTEAD OF INSERT -- trigger when relation is created in the same transaction as -- when COPY is executed. BEGIN; CREATE VIEW instead_of_insert_tbl_view_2 as select ''::text as str; CREATE TRIGGER trig_instead_of_insert_tbl_view_2 INSTEAD OF INSERT ON instead_of_insert_tbl_view_2 FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE fun_instead_of_insert_tbl(); COPY instead_of_insert_tbl_view_2 FROM stdin; SELECT * FROM instead_of_insert_tbl; id | name ----+------- 1 | test1 2 | test1 (2 rows) COMMIT; -- clean up DROP TABLE forcetest; DROP TABLE vistest; DROP FUNCTION truncate_in_subxact(); DROP TABLE x, y; DROP TABLE rls_t1 CASCADE; DROP ROLE regress_rls_copy_user; DROP ROLE regress_rls_copy_user_colperms; DROP FUNCTION fn_x_before(); DROP FUNCTION fn_x_after(); DROP TABLE instead_of_insert_tbl; DROP VIEW instead_of_insert_tbl_view; DROP VIEW instead_of_insert_tbl_view_2; DROP FUNCTION fun_instead_of_insert_tbl();