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PostgreSQL Installation Guide
by The PostgreSQL Development Team
Edited by Thomas Lockhart
PostgreSQL is copyright (C) 1998
by the Postgres Global Development Group.
Table of Contents
Summary
1. Introduction
2. Ports
Currently Supported Platforms
Unsupported Platforms
3. Installation
Requirements to Run Postgres
Installation Procedure
Playing with Postgres
The Next Step
Porting Notes
Ultrix4.x
Linux
Linux ELF
Linux a.out
BSD/OS
NeXT
4. Configuration Options
Parameters for Configuration (configure)
Parameters for Building (make)
Locale Support
What are the Benefits?
What are the Drawbacks?
Kerberos Authentication
Availability
Installation
Operation
5. Release Notes
Release 6.4.2
Migration to v6.4.2
Detailed Change List
List of Tables
2-1. Supported Platforms
2-2. Possibly Incompatible Platforms
4-1. Kerberos Parameter Examples
Summary
Postgres, developed originally in the UC Berkeley
Computer Science Department, pioneered many of the
object-relational concepts now becoming available in
some commercial databases. It provides SQL92/SQL3
language support, transaction integrity, and type
extensibility. PostgreSQL is a public-domain, open
source descendant of this original Berkeley code.
Chapter 1. Introduction
This installation procedure makes some assumptions
about the desired configuration and runtime
environment for your system. This may be adequate for
many installations, and is almost certainly adequate
for a first installation. But you may want to do an
initial installation up to the point of unpacking the
source tree and installing documentation, and then
print or browse the Administrator's Guide.
Chapter 2. Ports
This manual describes version 6.4.2 of Postgres. The
Postgres developer community has compiled and tested
Postgres on a number of platforms. Check the web site
for the latest information.
Currently Supported Platforms
At the time of publication, the following platforms
have been tested:
Table 2-1. Supported Platforms
OS Processor Version Reported Remarks
AIX 4.2.1 RS6000 v6.4.2 1998-10-27 (Andreas Zeugswetter)
BSDI x86 v6.4.2 1998-10-25 (Bruce Momjian
FreeBSD x86 v6.4.2 1998-10-26 (Tatsuo Ishii, Marc
2.2.x-3.x Fournier)
DGUX 5.4R4.11 m88k v6.3 1998-03-01 v6.4.2 probably OK. Needs
new maintainer. (Brian E
Gallew)
Digital Unix Alpha v6.4.2 1998-10-29 Minor patchable problems
4.0 (Pedro J. Lobo)
HPUX PA-RISC v6.4.2 1998-10-25 Both 9.0x and 10.20
(Tom Lane, Stan Brown)
IRIX 6.x MIPS v6.3 1998-03-01 5.x is different (Andrew
Martin)
linux 2.0.x Alpha v6.3.2 1998-04-16 Mostly successful. Needs
work for v6.4.2. (Ryan
Kirkpatrick)
linux 2.0.x x86 v6.4.2 1998-10-27 (Thomas Lockhart)
linux x86 v6.4.2 1998-10-25 (Oliver Elphick, Taral)
2.0.x/glibc2
linux 2.0.x Sparc v6.4.2 1998-10-25 (Tom Szybist)
linuxPPC PPC603e v6.4.2 1998-10-26 Powerbook 2400c (Tatsuo
2.1.24 Ishii)
mklinux DR3 PPC750 v6.4.2 1998-09-16 PowerMac 7600 (Tatsuo
Ishii)
NetBSD/i386 x86 v6.4.2 1998-10-25 (Brook Milligan)
1.3.2
NetBSD- NS32532 v6.4.2 1998-10-27 (small problems in
current date/time math
(Jon Buller)
NetBSD/sparc Sparc v6.4.2 1998-10-27 (Tom I Helbekkmo)
1.3H
NetBSD 1.3 VAX v6.3 1998-03-01 (Tom I Helbekkmo)
SCO UnixWare x86 v6.3 1998-03-01 aka UNIVEL (Billy G.
2.x Allie)
SCO UnixWare x86 v6.4.2 1998-10-04 (Billy G. Allie)
7
Solaris x86 v6.4.2 1998-10-28 (Marc Fournier)
Solaris Sparc v6.4.2 1998-10-28 (Tom Szybist, Frank
2.6-2.7 Ridderbusch)
SunOS 4.1.4 Sparc v6.3 1998-03-01 patches submitted (Tatsuo
Ishii)
SVR4 MIPS v6.4.2 1998-10-28 no 64-bit int support
(Frank Ridderbusch)
SVR4 4.4 m88k v6.2.1 1998-03-01 confirmed with patching
(Doug Winterburn)
Windows NT x86 v6.4.2 1998-10-08 Mostly working with the
Cygwin library. No DLLs
yet. (Horak Daniel)
Platforms listed for v6.3.x should also work with
v6.4.2, but we did not receive confirmation of such at
the time this list was compiled.
Note: For Windows NT, the server-side port of
Postgres has recently been accomplished. Check the
Askesis Postgres Home Page for up to date
information. You may also want to look for
possible patches on the Postgres web site.
Unsupported Platforms
There are a few platforms which have been attempted
and which have been reported to not work with the
standard distribution. Others listed here do not
provide sufficient library support for an attempt.
Table 2-2. Possibly Incompatible Platforms
OS Processor Version Reported Remarks
MacOS all v6.3 1998-03-01 not library compatible;
use ODBC/JDBC
NetBSD arm32 v6.3 1998-03-01 not yet working (Dave
Millen)
NetBSD m68k v6.3 1998-03-01 Amiga, HP300, Mac; not
yet working (Henry Hotz)
NextStep x86 v6.x 1998-03-01 client-only support;
v1.0.9 worked with
patches (David Wetzel)
Ultrix MIPS,VAX? v6.x 1998-03-01 no recent reports;
obsolete?
Windows x86 v6.3 1998-03-01 not library compatible;
client side maybe; use
ODBC/JDBC
Note that Windows ports of the frontend are
apparently possible using third-party Posix porting
tools and libraries.
Chapter 3. Installation
Complete installation instructions for Postgres v6.4.2.
Before installing Postgres, you may wish to visit
www.postgresql.org for up to date information,
patches, etc.
These installation instructions assume:
o Commands are Unix-compatible. See note below.
o Defaults are used except where noted.
o User postgres is the Postgres superuser.
o The source path is /usr/src/pgsql (other paths are possible).
o The runtime path is /usr/local/pgsql (other paths are possible).
Commands were tested on RedHat Linux version 4.2
using the tcsh shell. Except where noted, they will
probably work on most systems. Commands like ps and
tar may vary wildly between platforms on what options
you should use. Use common sense before typing in
these commands.
Our Makefiles require GNU make (called ?gmake? in this
document). They will not work with non-GNU make
programs. If you have GNU make installed under the
name ?make? instead of ?gmake?, then you will use the
command make instead. That's OK, but you need to have
the GNU form of make to succeed with an installation.
Requirements to Run Postgres
Up to date information on supported platforms is at
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/admin/install.htm. In
general, most Unix-compatible platforms with modern
libraries should be able to run Postgres.
Although the minimum required memory for running
Postgres is as little as 8MB, there are noticable
improvements in runtimes for the regression tests
when expanding memory up to 96MB on a relatively fast
dual-processor system running X-Windows. The rule is
you can never have too much memory.
Check that you have sufficient disk space. You will
need about 30 Mbytes for /usr/src/pgsql, about 5
Mbytes for /usr/local/pgsql (excluding your database)
and 1 Mbyte for an empty database. The database will
temporarily grow to about 20 Mbytes during the
regression tests. You will also need about 3 Mbytes
for the distribution tar file.
We therefore recommend that during installation and
testing you have well over 20 Mbytes free under
/usr/local and another 25 Mbytes free on the disk
partition containing your database. Once you delete
the source files, tar file and regression database,
you will need 2 Mbytes for /usr/local/pgsql, 1 Mbyte
for the empty database, plus about five times the
space you would require to store your database data
in a flat file.
To check for disk space, use
$ df -k
Installation Procedure
Procedure 3.1. Postgres Installation
For a fresh install or upgrading from previous
releases of Postgres:
1. Read any last minute information and platform
specific porting notes. There are some platform
specific notes at the end of this file for
Ultrix4.x, Linux, BSD/OS and NeXT. There are other
files in directory /usr/src/pgsql/doc, including
files FAQ-Irix and FAQ-Linux. Also look in
directory ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub. If there
is a file called INSTALL in this directory then
this file will contain the latest installation
information.
Please note that a "tested" platform in the list
given earlier simply means that someone went to
the effort at some point of making sure that a
Postgres distribution would compile and run on
this platform without modifying the code. Since
the current developers will not have access to all
of these platforms, some of them may not compile
cleanly and pass the regression tests in the
current release due to minor problems. Any such
known problems and their solutions will be posted
in ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/INSTALL.
2. Create the Postgres superuser account (postgres is
commonly used) if it does not already exist.
The owner of the Postgres files can be any
unprivileged user account. It must not be root,
bin, or any other account with special access
rights, as that would create a security risk.
3. Log in to the Postgres superuser account. Most of
the remaining steps in the installation will
happen in this account.
4. Ftp file
ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/postgresql-v6.4.2.tar.gz
from the Internet. Store it in your home directory.
5. Some platforms use flex. If your system uses flex
then make sure you have a good version. To check,
type
$ flex --version
If the flex command is not found then you probably
do not need it. If the version is 2.5.2 or 2.5.4
or greater then you are okay. If it is 2.5.3 or
before 2.5.2 then you will have to upgrade flex.
You may get it at
ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/flex-2.5.4.tar.gz.
If you need flex and don't have it or have the
wrong version, then you will be told so when you
attempt to compile the program. Feel free to skip
this step if you aren't sure you need it. If you
do need it then you will be told to
install/upgrade flex when you try to compile
Postgres.
You may want to do the entire flex installation
from the root account, though that is not
absolutely necessary. Assuming that you want the
installation to place files in the usual default
areas, type the following:
$ su -
$ cd /usr/local/src
ftp prep.ai.mit.edu
ftp> cd /pub/gnu/
ftp> binary
ftp> get flex-2.5.4.tar.gz
ftp> quit
$ gunzip -c flex-2.5.4.tar.gz | tar xvf -
$ cd flex-2.5.4
$ configure --prefix=/usr
$ gmake
$ gmake check
# You must be root when typing the next line:
$ gmake install
$ cd /usr/local/src
$ rm -rf flex-2.5.4
This will update files /usr/man/man1/flex.1,
/usr/bin/flex, /usr/lib/libfl.a,
/usr/include/FlexLexer.h and will add a link
/usr/bin/flex++ which points to flex.
6. If you are not upgrading an existing system then
skip to step 9. If you are upgrading an existing
system then back up your database. For alpha- and
beta-level releases, the database format is liable
to change, often every few weeks, with no notice
besides a quick comment in the HACKERS mailing
list. Full releases always require a dump/reload
from previous releases. It is therefore a bad idea
to skip this step.
Tip: Do not use the pg_dumpall script from v6.0 or
everything will be owned by the Postgres super
user.
To dump your fairly recent post-v6.0 database
installation, type
$ pg_dumpall -z > db.out
To use the latest pg_dumpall script on your
existing older database before upgrading Postgres,
pull the most recent version of pg_dumpall from
the new distribution:
$ cd
$ gunzip -c postgresql-v6.4.2.tar.gz \
| tar xvf - src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dumpall
$ chmod a+x src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dumpall
$ src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dumpall -z > db.out
$ rm -rf src
If you wish to preserve object id's (oids), then
use the -o option when running pg_dumpall.
However, unless you have a special reason for
doing this (such as using OIDs as keys in tables),
don't do it.
If the pg_dumpall command seems to take a long
time and you think it might have died, then, from
another terminal, type
$ ls -l db.out
several times to see if the size of the file is
growing.
Please note that if you are upgrading from a
version prior to Postgres95 v1.09 then you must
back up your database, install Postgres95 v1.09,
restore your database, then back it up again. You
should also read the release notes which should
cover any release-specific issues.
Caution
You must make sure that your database is not
updated in the middle of your backup. If
necessary, bring down postmaster, edit the
permissions in file
/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf to allow
only you on, then bring postmaster back up.
7. If you are upgrading an existing system then kill
the postmaster. Type
$ ps -ax | grep postmaster
This should list the process numbers for a number
of processes. Type the following line, with pid
replaced by the process id for process postmaster.
(Do not use the id for process "grep postmaster".)
Type
$ kill pid
to actually stop the process.
Tip: On systems which have Postgres started at
boot time, there is probably a startup file
which will accomplish the same thing. For
example, on my Linux system I can type
$ /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgres.init stop
to halt Postgres.
8. If you are upgrading an existing system then move
the old directories out of the way. If you are
short of disk space then you may have to back up
and delete the directories instead. If you do
this, save the old database in the
/usr/local/pgsql/data directory tree. At a
minimum, save file
/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf.
Type the following:
$ su -
$ cd /usr/src
$ mv pgsql pgsql_6_0
$ cd /usr/local
$ mv pgsql pgsql_6_0
$ exit
If you are not using /usr/local/pgsql/data as your
data directory (check to see if environment
variable PGDATA is set to something else) then you
will also want to move this directory in the same
manner.
9. Make new source and install directories. The
actual paths can be different for your
installation but you must be consistant throughout
this procedure.
Note: There are two places in this installation
procedure where you will have an opportunity to
specify installation locations for programs,
libraries, documentation, and other files.
Usually it is sufficient to specify these at the
make install stage of installation.
Type
$ su
$ cd /usr/src
$ mkdir pgsql
$ chown postgres:postgres pgsql
$ cd /usr/local
$ mkdir pgsql
$ chown postgres:postgres pgsql
$ exit
10. Unzip and untar the new source file. Type
$ cd /usr/src/pgsql
$ gunzip -c ~/postgresql-v6.4.2.tar.gz | tar xvf -
11. Configure the source code for your system. It
is this step at which you can specify your actual
installation path for the build process (see the
--prefix option below). Type
$ cd /usr/src/pgsql/src
$ ./configure [ options ]
a. Among other chores, the configure script
selects a system-specific "template" file
from the files provided in the template
subdirectory. If it cannot guess which one to
use for your system, it will say so and exit.
In that case you'll need to figure out which
one to use and run configure again, this time
giving the --with-template=TEMPLATE option to
make the right file be chosen.
Please Report Problems: If your system is not
automatically recognized by configure and
you have to do this, please send email to
scrappy@hub.org with the output of the
program ./config.guess. Indicate what the
template file should be.
b. Choose configuration options. Check
Configuration Options for details. However,
for a plain-vanilla first installation with
no extra options like multi-byte character
support or locale collation support it may be
adequate to have chosen the installation
areas and to run configure without extra
options specified. The configure script
accepts many additional options that you can
use if you don't like the default
configuration. To see them all, type
./configure --help
Some of the more commonly used ones are:
--prefix=BASEDIR Selects a different base directory
The default is /usr/local/pgsql.
--with-template=TEMPLATE
Use template file TEMPLATE - the template
files are assumed to be in the directory
src/template, so look there for proper values.
--with-tcl Build interface libraries and programs requiring
Tcl/Tk, including libpgtcl, pgtclsh, and pgtksh.
--with-perl Build the Perl interface library.
--with-odbc Build the ODBC driver package.
--enable-hba Enables Host Based Authentication (DEFAULT)
--disable-hba Disables Host Based Authentication
--enable-locale Enables USE_LOCALE
--enable-cassert Enables
ASSERT_CHECKING
--with-CC=compiler
Use a specific C compiler that the configure
script cannot find.
--with-CXX=compiler
--without-CXX
Use a specific C++ compiler that the configure
script cannot find, or exclude C++ compilation
altogether. (This only affects libpq++ at
present.)
c. Here is the configure script used on a Sparc Solaris 2.5 system with /opt/postgres
specified as the installation base directory:
$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/postgres \
--with-template=sparc_solaris-gcc
--with-pgport=5432 \
--enable-hba --disable-locale
Tip: Of course, you may type these three
lines all on the same line.
12. Install the man and HTML documentation. Type
$ cd /usr/src/pgsql/doc
$ gmake install
The documentation is also available in Postscript
format. Look for files ending with .ps.gz in the
same directory.
13. <removed>
14. Compile the program. Type
$ cd /usr/src/pgsql/src
$ gmake all >& make.log &
$ tail -f make.log
The last line displayed will hopefully be
All of PostgreSQL is successfully made. Ready to
install.
At this point, or earlier if you wish, type
control-C to get out of tail. (If you have
problems later on you may wish to examine file
make.log for warning and error messages.)
Note: You will probably find a number of warning
messages in make.log. Unless you have problems
later on, these messages may be safely ignored.
If the compiler fails with a message stating that
the flex command cannot be found then install flex
as described earlier. Next, change directory back
to this directory, type
$ make clean
then recompile again.
Compiler options, such as optimization and
debugging, may be specified on the command line
using the COPT variable. For example, typing
$ gmake COPT="-g" all >& make.log &
would invoke your compiler's -g option in all
steps of the build. See src/Makefile.global.in for
further details.
15. Install the program. Type
$ cd /usr/src/pgsql/src
$ gmake install >& make.install.log &
$ tail -f make.install.log
The last line displayed will be
gmake[1]: Leaving directory
`/usr/src/pgsql/src/man'
At this point, or earlier if you wish, type
control-C to get out of tail.
16. If necessary, tell your system how to find
the new shared libraries. You can do one of the
following, preferably the first:
a. As root, edit file /etc/ld.so.conf. Add a
line
/usr/local/pgsql/lib
to the file. Then run command /sbin/ldconfig.
b. In a bash shell, type
export
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib
c. In a csh shell, type
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH
/usr/local/pgsql/lib
Please note that the above commands may vary
wildly for different operating systems. Check the
platform specific notes, such as those for
Ultrix4.x or and for non-ELF Linux.
If, when you create the database, you get the
message
pg_id: can't load library 'libpq.so'
then the above step was necessary. Simply do this
step, then try to create the database again.
17. If you used the --with-perl option to
configure, check the install log to see whether
the Perl module was actually installed. If you've
followed our advice to make the Postgres files be
owned by an unprivileged userid, then the Perl
module won't have been installed, for lack of
write privileges on the Perl library directories.
You can complete its installation, either now or
later, by becoming the user that does own the Perl
library (often root) (via su) and doing
$ cd /usr/src/pgsql/src/interfaces/perl5
$ gmake install
18. If it has not already been done, then prepare
account postgres for using Postgres. Any account
that will use Postgres must be similarly prepared.
There are several ways to influence the runtime
environment of the Postgres server. Refer to the
Administrator's Guide for more information.
Note: The following instructions are for a
bash/sh shell. Adapt accordingly for other
shells.
a. Add the following lines to your login
environment: shell, ~/.bash_profile:
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/pgsql/bin
MANPATH=$MANPATH:/usr/local/pgsql/man
PGLIB=/usr/local/pgsql/lib
PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql/data
export PATH MANPATH PGLIB PGDATA
b. Several regression tests could failed if the
user's locale collation scheme is different
from that of standard C locale.
If you configure and compile Postgres with
the --enable-locale option then set locale
environment to C (or unset all LC_*
variables) by putting these additional lines
to your login environment before starting
postmaster:
LC_COLLATE=C
LC_CTYPE=C
LC_COLLATE=C
export LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_COLLATE
c. Make sure that you have defined these
variables before continuing with the
remaining steps. The easiest way to do this
is to type:
$ source ~/.bash_profile
19. Create the database installation from your
Postgres superuser account (typically account
postgres). Do not do the following as root! This
would be a major security hole. Type
$ initdb
20. Set up permissions to access the database
system. Do this by editing file
/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf. The
instructions are included in the file. (If your
database is not located in the default location,
i.e. if PGDATA is set to point elsewhere, then the
location of this file will change accordingly.)
This file should be made read only again once you
are finished. If you are upgrading from v6.0 or
later you can copy file pg_hba.conf from your old
database on top of the one in your new database,
rather than redoing the file from scratch.
21. Briefly test that the backend will start and
run by running it from the command line.
a. Start the postmaster daemon running in the
background by typing
$ cd
$ postmaster -i
b. Create a database by typing
$ createdb
c. Connect to the new database:
$ psql
d. And run a sample query:
postgres=> SELECT datetime 'now';
e. Exit psql:
postgres=> \q
f. Remove the test database (unless you will
want to use it later for other tests):
$ destroydb
22. Run postmaster in the background from your
Postgres superuser account (typically account
postgres). Do not run postmaster from the root
account!
Usually, you will want to modify your computer so
that it will automatically start postmaster
whenever it boots. It is not required; the
Postgres server can be run successfully from
non-privileged accounts without root intervention.
Here are some suggestions on how to do this,
contributed by various users.
Whatever you do, postmaster must be run by the
Postgres superuser (postgres?) and not by root.
This is why all of the examples below start by
switching user (su) to postgres. These commands
also take into account the fact that environment
variables like PATH and PGDATA may not be set
properly. The examples are as follows. Use them
with extreme caution.
o If you are installing from a non-privileged
account and have no root access, then start the
postmaster and send it to the background:
$ cd
$ nohup postmaster > regress.log 2>&1 &
o Edit file rc.local on NetBSD or file rc2.d on
SPARC Solaris 2.5.1 to contain the following
single line:
su postgres -c "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster
-S -D /usr/local/pgsql/data"
o In FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE edit
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/pgsql.sh to contain the
following lines and make it chmod 755 and chown
root:bin.
#!/bin/sh
[ -x /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster ] && {
su -l pgsql -c 'exec
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster
-D/usr/local/pgsql/data
-S -o -F > /usr/local/pgsql/errlog' &
echo -n ' pgsql'
}
You may put the line breaks as shown above. The
shell is smart enough to keep parsing beyond
end-of-line if there is an expression unfinished.
The exec saves one layer of shell under the
postmaster process so the parent is init.
o In RedHat Linux add a file
/etc/rc.d/init.d/postgres.init which is based on
the example in contrib/linux/. Then make a
softlink to this file from
/etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgres.init.
o In RedHat Linux edit file /etc/inittab to add the
following as a single line:
pg:2345:respawn:/bin/su - postgres -c
"/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D/usr/local/pgsql/data
>> /usr/local/pgsql/server.log 2>&1 </dev/null"
(The author of this example says this example
will revive the postmaster if it dies, but he
doesn't know if there are other side effects.)
23. Run the regression tests. The file
/usr/src/pgsql/src/test/regress/README has
detailed instructions for running and interpreting
the regression tests. A short version follows
here:
a. Type
$ cd /usr/src/pgsql/src/test/regress
$ gmake clean
$ gmake all runtest
You do not need to type gmake clean if this
is the first time you are running the tests.
You should get on the screen (and also
written to file ./regress.out) a series of
statements stating which tests passed and
which tests failed. Please note that it can
be normal for some tests to "fail" on some
platforms. The script says a test has failed
if there is any difference at all between the
actual output of the test and the expected
output. Thus, tests may "fail" due to minor
differences in wording of error messages,
small differences in floating-point roundoff,
etc, between your system and the regression
test reference platform. "Failures" of this
type do not indicate a problem with Postgres.
The file ./regression.diffs contains the
textual differences between the actual test
output on your machine and the "expected"
output (which is simply what the reference
system produced). You should carefully
examine each difference listed to see whether
it appears to be a significant issue.
For example,
o For a i686/Linux-ELF platform, no tests
failed since this is the v6.4.2 regression
testing reference platform.
o For the SPARC/Linux-ELF platform, using the
970525 beta version of Postgres v6.2 the
following tests "failed": float8 and
geometry "failed" due to minor precision
differences in floating point numbers.
select_views produces massively different
output, but the differences are due to minor
floating point differences.
Even if a test result clearly indicates a
real failure, it may be a localized problem
that will not affect you. An example is that
the int8 test will fail, producing obviously
incorrect output, if your machine and C
compiler do not provide a 64-bit integer data
type (or if they do but configure didn't
discover it). This is not something to worry
about unless you need to store 64-bit
integers.
Conclusion? If you do see failures, try to
understand the nature of the differences and
then decide if those differences will affect
your intended use of Postgres. The regression
tests are a helpful tool, but they may
require some study to be useful.
After running the regression tests, type
$ destroydb regression
$ cd /usr/src/pgsql/src/test/regress
$ gmake clean
to recover the disk space used for the
tests. (You may want to save the
regression.diffs file in another place before
doing this.)
24. If you haven't already done so, this would be
a good time to modify your computer to do regular
maintainence. The following should be done at
regular intervals:
Procedure 3.2. Minimal Backup Procedure
1. Run the SQL command VACUUM. This will clean
up your database.
2. Back up your system. (You should probably
keep the last few backups on hand.) Preferably,
no one else should be using the system at the
time.
Ideally, the above tasks should be done by a shell
script that is run nightly or weekly by cron. Look
at the man page for crontab for a starting point
on how to do this. (If you do it, please e-mail us
a copy of your shell script. We would like to set
up our own systems to do this too.)
25. If you are upgrading an existing system then
reinstall your old database. Type
$ cd
$ psql -e template1 < db.out
If your pre-v6.2 database uses either path or
polygon geometric data types, then you will need
to upgrade any columns containing those types. To
do so, type (from within psql)
UPDATE FirstTable SET PathCol = UpgradePath(PathCol);
UPDATE SecondTable SET PathCol = UpgradePath(PathCol);
...
VACUUM;
UpgradePath() checks to see that a path value is
consistant with the old syntax, and will not
update a column which fails that examination.
UpgradePoly() cannot verify that a polygon is in
fact from an old syntax, but RevertPoly() is
provided to reverse the effects of a mis-applied
upgrade.
26. If you are a new user, you may wish to play
with Postgres as described below.
27. Clean up after yourself. Type
$ rm -rf /usr/src/pgsql_6_0
$ rm -rf /usr/local/pgsql_6_0
# Also delete old database directory tree if it is
not in
# /usr/local/pgsql_6_0/data
$ rm ~/postgresql-v6.2.1.tar.gz
28. You will probably want to print out the
documentation. If you have a Postscript printer,
or have your machine already set up to accept
Postscript files using a print filter, then to
print the User's Guide simply type
$ cd /usr/local/pgsql/doc
$ gunzip user.ps.tz | lpr
Here is how you might do it if you have
Ghostscript on your system and are writing to a
laserjet printer.
$ alias gshp='gs -sDEVICE=laserjet -r300 -dNOPAUSE'
$ export
GS_LIB=/usr/share/ghostscript:/usr/share/ghostscript/fonts
$ gunzip user.ps.gz
$ gshp -sOUTPUTFILE=user.hp user.ps
$ gzip user.ps
$ lpr -l -s -r manpage.hp
29. The Postgres team wants to keep Postgres
working on all of the supported platforms. We
therefore ask you to let us know if you did or did
not get Postgres to work on you system. Please
send a mail message to pgsql-ports@postgresql.org
telling us the following:
o The version of Postgres (v6.4.2, 6.3.2, beta 981014, etc.).
o Your operating system (i.e. RedHat v5.1 Linux v2.0.34).
o Your hardware (SPARC, i486, etc.).
o Did you compile, install and run the regression
tests cleanly? If not, what source code did you
change (i.e. patches you applied, changes you
made, etc.), what tests failed, etc. It is normal
to get many warning when you compile. You do not
need to report these.
30. Now create, access and manipulate databases
as desired. Write client programs to access the
database server. In other words, enjoy!
Playing with Postgres
After Postgres is installed, a database system is
created, a postmaster daemon is running, and the
regression tests have passed, you'll want to see
Postgres do something. That's easy. Invoke the
interactive interface to Postgres, psql:
% psql template1
(psql has to open a particular database, but at this
point the only one that exists is the template1
database, which always exists. We will connect to it
only long enough to create another one and switch to
it.)
The response from psql is:
Welcome to the POSTGRESQL interactive sql monitor:
Please read the file COPYRIGHT for copyright terms
of POSTGRESQL
type \? for help on slash commands
type \q to quit
type \g or terminate with semicolon to execute
query
You are currently connected to the database:
template1
template1=>
Create the database foo:
template1=> create database foo;
CREATEDB
(Get in the habit of including those SQL semicolons.
Psql won't execute anything until it sees the
semicolon or a "\g" and the semicolon is required to
delimit multiple statements.)
Now connect to the new database:
template1=> \c foo
connecting to new database: foo
("slash" commands aren't SQL, so no semicolon. Use \?
to see all the slash commands.)
And create a table:
foo=> create table bar (i int4, c char(16));
CREATE
Then inspect the new table:
foo=> \d bar
Table = bar
+--------------+--------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Length|
+--------------+--------------+-------+
| i | int4 | 4 |
| c | (bp)char | 16 |
+--------------+--------------+-------+
And so on. You get the idea.
The Next Step
Questions? Bugs? Feedback? First, read the files in
directory /usr/src/pgsql/doc/. The FAQ in this
directory may be particularly useful.
If Postgres failed to compile on your computer then
fill out the form in file
/usr/src/pgsql/doc/bug.template and mail it to the
location indicated at the top of the form.
Check on the web site at http://www.postgresql.org
For more information on the various support mailing
lists.
Porting Notes
Note: Check for any platform-specific FAQs in the
doc/ directory of the source distribution. For
some ports, the notes below may be out of date.
Ultrix4.x
Note: There have been no recent reports of Ultrix
usage with Postgres.
You need to install the libdl-1.1 package since
Ultrix 4.x doesn't have a dynamic loader. It's
available in
s2k-ftp.CS.Berkeley.EDU:pub/personal/andrew/libdl-1.-
1.tar.Z
Linux
Linux ELF
The regression test reference machine is a
linux-2.0.30/libc-5.3.12/RedHat-4.2 installation
running on a dual processor i686. The linux-elf port
installs cleanly. See the Linux FAQ for more details.
Linux a.out
For non-ELF Linux, the dld library MUST be obtained
and installed on the system. It enables dynamic link
loading capability to the Postgres port. The dld
library can be obtained from the sunsite linux
distributions. The current name is dld-3.2.5. Jalon
Q. Zimmerman
BSD/OS
For BSD/OS 2.0 and 2.01, you will need to get the GNU
dld library.
NeXT
The NeXT port for v1.09 was supplied by Tom R.
Hageman. It requires a SysV IPC emulation library and
header files for shared libary and semaphore stuff.
Tom just happens to sell such a product so contact
him for information. He has also indicated that
binary releases of Postgres for NEXTSTEP will be made
available to the general public. Contact Info@RnA.nl
for information.
We have no recent reports of successful NeXT
installations (as of v6.2.1). However, the
client-side libraries should work even if the backend
is not supported.
Chapter 4. Configuration Options
Parameters for Configuration (configure)
The full set of parameters available in configure can
be obtained by typing
$ ./configure --help
The following parameters may be of interest to
installers:
Directory and file names:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local/pgsql]
--bindir=DIR user executables in DIR [EPREFIX/bin]
--libdir=DIR object code libraries in DIR [EPREFIX/lib]
--includedir=DIR C header files in DIR [PREFIX/include]
--mandir=DIR man documentation in DIR [PREFIX/man]
Features and packages:
--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
--enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
--without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
--enable and --with options recognized:
--with-template=template
use operating system template file
see template directory
--with-includes=incdir site header files for tk/tcl, etc in DIR
--with-libs=incdir also search for libraries in DIR
--with-libraries=libdir also search for libraries in DIR
--enable-locale enable locale support
--enable-recode enable cyrillic recode
support
--with-mb=encoding enable multi-byte support
--with-pgport=portnum change default startup port
--with-tcl use tcl
--with-tclconfig=tcldir tclConfig.sh and tkConfig.sh are in DIR
--with-perl use perl
--with-odbc build ODBC driver package
--with-odbcinst=odbcdir change default directory for odbcinst.ini
--enable-cassert enable assertion checks (debugging)
--with-CC=compiler use specific C compiler
--with-CXX=compiler use specific C++ compiler
--without-CXX do not build libpq++
Some systems may have trouble building a specific
feature of Postgres. For example, systems with a
damaged C++ compiler may need to specify
--without-CXX to encourage the build procedure to
ignore the libpq++ construction.
Parameters for Building (make)
Many installation-related parameters can be set in
the building stage of Postgres installation.
In most cases, these parameters should be place in a
file, Makefile.custom, intended just for that
purpose. The default distribution does not contain
this optional file, so you will create it using a
text editor of your choice. When upgrading
installations, you can simply copy your old
Makefile.custom to the new installation before doing
the build.
make [ variable=value [,...] ]
A few of the many variables which can be specified
are:
POSTGRESDIR
Top of the installation tree.
BINDIR
Location of applications and utilities.
LIBDIR
Location of object libraries, including shared
libraries.
HEADERDIR
Location of include files.
ODBCINST
Location of installation-wide psqlODBC (ODBC)
configuration file.
There are other optional parameters which are not as
commonly used. Many of those listed below are
appropriate when doing Postgres server code
development.
CFLAGS
Set flags for the C compiler. Should be assigned
with "+=" to retain relevant default parameters.
YFLAGS
Set flags for the yacc/bison parser. -v might be
used to help diagnose problems building a new
parser. Should be assigned with "+=" to retain
relevant default parameters.
USE_TCL
Enable Tcl interface building.
HSTYLE
DocBook HTML style sheets for building the
documentation from scratch. Not used unless you
are developing new documentation from the
DocBook-compatible SGML source documents in
doc/src/sgml/.
PSTYLE
DocBook style sheets for building printed
documentation from scratch. Not used unless you
are developing new documentation from the
DocBook-compatible SGML source documents in
doc/src/sgml/.
Here is an example Makefile.custom for a PentiumPro
Linux system:
# Makefile.custom
# Thomas Lockhart 1998-03-01
POSTGRESDIR= /opt/postgres/current
CFLAGS+= -m486 # -g -O0
# documentation
HSTYLE= /home/tgl/SGML/db118.d/docbook/html
PSTYLE= /home/tgl/SGML/db118.d/docbook/print
Locale Support
Note: Written by Oleg Bartunov. See Oleg's web
page for additional information on locale and
Russian language support.
While doing a project for a company in Moscow,
Russia, I encountered the problem that postgresql had
no support of national alphabets. After looking for
possible workarounds I decided to develop support of
locale myself. I'm not a C-programer but already had
some experience with locale programming when I work
with perl (debugging) and glimpse. After several days
of digging through the Postgres source tree I made
very minor corections to
src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c and
src/backend/main/main.c and got what I needed! I did
support only for LC_CTYPE and LC_COLLATE, but later
LC_MONETARY was added by others. I got many messages
from people about this patch so I decided to send it
to developers and (to my surprise) it was
incorporated into the Postgres distribution.
People often complain that locale doesn't work for
them. There are several common mistakes:
o Didn't properly configure postgresql before
compilation. You must run configure with
--enable-locale option to enable locale support.
Didn't setup environment correctly when starting
postmaster. You must define environment variables
LC_CTYPE and LC_COLLATE before running postmaster
because backend gets information about locale from
environment. I use following shell script
(runpostgres):
#!/bin/sh
export LC_CTYPE=koi8-r
export LC_COLLATE=koi8-r
postmaster -B 1024 -S -D/usr/local/pgsql/data/ -o '-Fe'
and run it from rc.local as
/bin/su - postgres -c "/home/postgres/runpostgres"
o Broken locale support in OS (for example, locale
support in libc under Linux several times has
changed and this caused a lot of problems). Latest
perl has also support of locale and if locale is
broken perl -v will complain something like:
8:17[mira]:~/WWW/postgres>setenv LC_CTYPE
not_exist
8:18[mira]:~/WWW/postgres>perl -v
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale
settings:
LC_ALL = (unset),
LC_CTYPE = "not_exist",
LANG = (unset)
are supported and installed on your
system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard
locale ("C").
o Wrong location of locale files! Possible locations
include: /usr/lib/locale (Linux, Solaris),
/usr/share/locale (Linux), /usr/lib/nls/loc (DUX
4.0). Check man locale to find the correct
location. Under Linux I did a symbolic link between
/usr/lib/locale and /usr/share/locale to be sure
that the next libc will not break my locale.
What are the Benefits?
You can use ~* and order by operators for strings
contain characters from national alphabets.
Non-english users definitely need that. If you won't
use locale stuff just undefine the USE_LOCALE
variable.
What are the Drawbacks?
There is one evident drawback of using locale - it's
speed! So, use locale only if you really need it.
Kerberos Authentication
Kerberos is an industry-standard secure
authentication system suitable for distributed
computing over a public network.
Availability
The Kerberos authentication system is not distributed
with Postgres. Versions of Kerberos are typically
available as optional software from operating system
vendors. In addition, a source code distribution may
be obtained through MIT Project Athena.
Note: You may wish to obtain the MIT version even
if your vendor provides a version, since some
vendor ports have been deliberately crippled or
rendered non-interoperable with the MIT version.
Users located outside the United States of America
and Canada are warned that distribution of the actual
encryption code in Kerberos is restricted by U. S.
Government export regulations.
Inquiries regarding your Kerberos should be directed
to your vendor or MIT Project Athena. Note that FAQLs
(Frequently-Asked Questions Lists) are periodically
posted to the Kerberos mailing list (send mail to
subscribe), and USENET news group.
Installation
Installation of Kerberos itself is covered in detail
in the Kerberos Installation Notes . Make sure that
the server key file (the srvtab or keytab) is somehow
readable by the Postgres account.
Postgres and its clients can be compiled to use
either Version 4 or Version 5 of the MIT Kerberos
protocols by setting the KRBVERS variable in the file
src/Makefile.global to the appropriate value. You can
also change the location where Postgres expects to
find the associated libraries, header files and its
own server key file.
After compilation is complete, Postgres must be
registered as a Kerberos service. See the Kerberos
Operations Notes and related manual pages for more
details on registering services.
Operation
After initial installation, Postgres should operate
in all ways as a normal Kerberos service. For details
on the use of authentication, see the PostgreSQL
User's Guide reference sections for postmaster and
psql.
In the Kerberos Version 5 hooks, the following
assumptions are made about user and service naming:
o User principal names (anames) are assumed to
contain the actual Unix/Postgres user name in the
first component.
o The Postgres service is assumed to be have two
components, the service name and a hostname,
canonicalized as in Version 4 (i.e., with all
domain suffixes removed).
Table 4-1. Kerberos Parameter Examples
Param- Example
eter
user frew@S2K.ORG
user aoki/HOST=miyu.S2K.Berkeley-
.EDU@S2K.ORG
host postgres_dbms/ucbvax@S2K.ORG
Support for Version 4 will disappear sometime after
the production release of Version 5 by MIT.
Chapter 5. Release Notes
Release 6.4.2
There are many new features and improvements in this
release. Thanks to our developers and maintainers,
nearly every aspect of the system has received some
attention since the previous release. Here is a
brief, incomplete summary:
o Views and rules are now functional thanks to
extensive new code in the rewrite rules system from
Jan Wieck. He also wrote a chapter on it for the
Programmer's Guide.
o Jan also contributed a second procedural language,
PL/pgSQL, to go with the original PL/pgTCL
procedural language he contributed last release.
o We have optional multiple-byte character set
support from Tatsuo Iishi to complement our
existing locale support.
o Client/server communications has been cleaned up,
with better support for asynchronous messages and
interrupts thanks to Tom Lane.
o The parser will now perform automatic type coersion
to match arguments to available operators and
functions, and to match columns and expressions
with target columns. This uses a generic mechanism
which supports the type extensibility features of
Postgres. There is a new chapter in the User's
Guide which covers this topic.
o Three new data types have been added. Two types,
inet and cidr, support various forms of IP network,
subnet, and machine addressing. There is now an
8-byte integer type available on some platforms.
See the chapter on data types in the User's Guide
for details. A fourth type, serial, is now
supported by the parser as an amalgam of the int4
type, a sequence, and a unique index.
o Several more SQL92-compatible syntax features have
been added, including INSERT DEFAULT VALUES
o The automatic configuration and installation system
has received some attention, and should be more
robust for more platforms than it has ever been.
Migration to v6.4.2
A dump/restore is not required for those upgrading from 6.4.
A dump/restore using pg_dump or pg_dumpall is
required for those wishing to migrate data from pre-6.4
releases of Postgres. pg_upgrade may be helpful for those
upgrading from 6.3.*.
Detailed Change List
Bug Fixes
---------
Fix for a tiny memory leak in PQsetdb/PQfinish(Bryan)
Remove char2-16 data types, use char/varchar(Darren)
Pqfn not handles a NOTICE message(Anders)
Reduced busywaiting overhead for spinlocks with many
backends (dg)
Stuck spinlock detection (dg)
Fix up "ISO-style" timespan decoding and
encoding(Thomas)
Fix problem with table drop after rollback of
transaction(Vadim)
Change error message and remove non-functional update
message(Vadim)
Fix for COPY array checking
Fix for SELECT 1 UNION SELECT NULL
Fix for buffer leaks in large object calls(Pascal)
Change owner from oid to int4 type(Bruce)
Fix a bug in the oracle compatibility functions
btrim() ltrim() and rtrim()
Fix for shared invalidation cache overflow(Massimo)
Prevent file descriptor leaks in failed COPY's(Bruce)
Fix memory leak in libpgtcl's pg_select(Constantin)
Fix problems with username/passwords over 8
characters(Tom)
Fix problems with handling of asynchronous NOTIFY in
backend(Tom)
Fix of many bad system table entries(Tom)
Enhancements
------------
Upgrade ecpg and ecpglib,see
src/interfaces/ecpc/ChangeLog(Michael)
Show the index used in an EXPLAIN(Zeugswetter)
EXPLAIN invokes rule system and shows plan(s) for rewritten queries(Jan)
Multi-byte awareness of many data types and functions, via configure(Tatsuo)
New configure --with-mb option(Tatsuo)
New initdb --pgencoding option(Tatsuo)
New createdb -E multibyte option(Tatsuo)
Select version(); now returns PostgreSQL version(Jeroen)
Libpq now allows asynchronous clients(Tom)
Allow cancel from client of backend query(Tom)
Psql now cancels query with Control-C(Tom)
Libpq users need not issue dummy queries to get NOTIFY messages(Tom)
NOTIFY now sends sender's PID, so you can tell whether it was your own(Tom)
PGresult struct now includes associated error message, if any(Tom)
Define "tz_hour" and "tz_minute" arguments to date_part()(Thomas)
Add routines to convert between varchar and bpchar(Thomas)
Add routines to allow sizing of varchar and bpchar into target columns(Thomas)
Add bit flags to support timezonehour and minute in data retrieval(Thomas)
Allow more variations on valid floating point numbers (e.g. ".1", "1e6")(Thomas)
Fixes for unary minus parsing with leading spaces(Thomas)
Implement TIMEZONE_HOUR, TIMEZONE_MINUTE per SQL92 specs(Thomas)
Check for and properly ignore FOREIGN KEY column constraints(Thomas)
Define USER as synonym for CURRENT_USER per SQL92 specs(Thomas)
Enable HAVING clause but no fixes elsewhere yet.
Make "char" type a synonym for "char(1)" (actually implemented as bpchar)(Thomas)
Save string type if specified for DEFAULT clause handling(Thomas)
Coerce operations involving different data types(Thomas)
Allow some index use for columns of different types(Thomas)
Add capabilities for automatic type conversion(Thomas)
Cleanups for large objects, so file is truncated on open(Peter)
Readline cleanups(Tom)
Allow psql \f \ to make spaces as delimiter(Bruce)
Pass pg_attribute.atttypmod to the frontend for column field lengths(Tom,Bruce)
Msql compatibility library in /contrib(Aldrin)
Remove the requirement that ORDER/GROUP BY clause identifiers be
included in the target list(David)
Convert columns to match columns in UNION clauses(Thomas)
Remove fork()/exec() and only do fork()(Bruce)
Jdbc cleanups(Peter)
Show backend status on ps command line(only works on some platforms)(Bruce)
Pg_hba.conf now has a sameuser option in the database field
Make lo_unlink take oid param, not int4
New DISABLE_COMPLEX_MACRO for compilers that can't handle our macros(Bruce)
Libpgtcl now handles NOTIFY as a Tcl event, need not send dummy queries(Tom)
libpgtcl cleanups(Tom)
Add -error option to libpgtcl's pg_result command(Tom)
New locale patch, see docs/README/locale(Oleg)
Fix for pg_dump so CONSTRAINT and CHECK syntax is correct(ccb)
New contrib/lo code for large object orphan removal(Peter)
New psql command "SET CLIENT_ENCODING TO 'encoding'" for multi-bytes
feature, see /doc/README.mb(Tatsuo)
/contrib/noupdate code to revoke update permission on a column
Libpq can now be compiled on win32(Magnus)
Add PQsetdbLogin() in libpq
New 8-byte integer type, checked by configure for OS support(Thomas)
Better support for quoted table/column names(Thomas)
Surround table and column names with double-quotes in pg_dump(Thomas)
PQreset() now works with passwords(Tom)
Handle case of GROUP BY target list column number out of range(David)
Allow UNION in subselects
Add auto-size to screen to \d? commands(Bruce)
Use UNION to show all \d? results in one query(Bruce)
Add \d? field search feature(Bruce)
Pg_dump issues fewer \connect requests(Tom)
Make pg_dump -z flag work better, document it in manual page(Tom)
Add HAVING clause with full support for subselects
and unions(Stephan)
Full text indexing routines in contrib/fulltextindex(Maarten)
Transaction ids now stored in shared memory(Vadim)
New PGCLIENTENCODING when issuing COPY command(Tatsuo)
Support for SQL92 syntax "SET NAMES"(Tatsuo)
Support for LATIN2-5(Tatsuo)
Add UNICODE regression test case(Tatsuo)
Lock manager cleanup, new locking modes for LLL(Vadim)
Allow index use with OR clauses(Bruce)
Allows "SELECT NULL ORDER BY 1;"
Explain VERBOSE prints the plan, and now pretty-prints the plan to
the postmaster log file(Bruce)
Add Indices display to \d command(Bruce)
Allow GROUP BY on functions(David)
New pg_class.relkind for large objects(Bruce)
New way to send libpq NOTICE messages to a different location(Tom)
New \w write command to psql(Bruce)
New /contrib/findoidjoins scans oid columns to find join relationships(Bruce)
Allow binary-compatible indices to be considered when checking for valid
indices for restriction clauses containing a constant(Thomas)
New ISBN/ISSN code in /contrib/isbn_issn
Allow NOT LIKE, IN, NOT IN, BETWEEN, and NOT BETWEEN constraint(Thomas)
New rewrite system fixes many problems with rules and views(Jan)
* Rules on relations work
* Event qualifications on insert/update/delete work
* New OLD variable to reference CURRENT, CURRENT will be remove in future
* Update rules can reference NEW and OLD in rule qualifications/actions
* Insert/update/delete rules on views work
* Multiple rule actions are now supported, surrounded by parentheses
* Regular users can create views/rules on tables they have RULE permits
* Rules and views inherit the permissions on the creator
* No rules at the column level
* No UPDATE NEW/OLD rules
* New pg_tables, pg_indexes, pg_rules and pg_views system views
* Only a single action on SELECT rules
* Total rewrite overhaul, perhaps for 6.5
* handle subselects
* handle aggregates on views
* handle insert into select from view works
System indexes are now multi-key(Bruce)
Oidint2, oidint4, and oidname types are removed(Bruce)
Use system cache for more system table lookups(Bruce)
New backend programming language PL/pgSQL in backend/pl(Jan)
New SERIAL data type, auto-creates sequence/index(Thomas)
Enable assert checking without a recompile(Massimo)
User lock enhancements(Massimo)
New setval() command to set sequence value(Massimo)
Auto-remove unix socket file on startup if no postmaster running(Massimo)
Conditional trace package(Massimo)
New UNLISTEN command(Massimo)
Psql and libpq now compile under win32 using win32.mak(Magnus)
Lo_read no longer stores trailing NULL(Bruce)
Identifiers are now truncated to 31 characters internally(Bruce)
Createuser options now availble on the command line
Code for 64-bit integer supported added, configure tested, int8 type(Thomas)
Prevent file descriptor leaf from failed COPY(Bruce)
New pg_upgrade command(Bruce)
Updated /contrib directories(Massimo)
New CREATE TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
New INSERT INTO TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
New DECLARE and FETCH feature(Thomas)
libpq's internal structures now not exported(Tom)
Allow up to 8 key indexes(Bruce)
Remove ARCHIVE keyword, that is no longer used(Thomas)
pg_dump -n flag to supress quotes around indentifiers
disable system columns for views(Jan)
new INET and CIDR types for network addresses(TomH, Paul)
no more double quotes in psql output pg_dump now dumps views(Terry)
new SET QUERY_LIMIT(Tatsuo,Jan)
Source Tree Changes
-------------------
/contrib cleanup(Jun)
Inline some small functions called for every row(Bruce)
Alpha/linux fixes
Hp/UX cleanups(Tom)
Multi-byte regression tests(Soonmyung.)
Remove --disabled options from configure
Define PGDOC to use POSTGRESDIR by default
Make regression optional
Remove extra braces code to pgindent(Bruce)
Add bsdi shared library support(Bruce)
New --without-CXX support configure option(Brook)
New FAQ_CVS
Update backend flowchart in tools/backend(Bruce)
Change atttypmod from int16 to int32(Bruce, Tom)
Getrusage() fix for platforms that do not have it(Tom)
Add PQconnectdb, PGUSER, PGPASSWORD to libpq man page
NS32K platform fixes(Phil Nelson, John Buller)
Sco 7/UnixWare 2.x fixes(Billy,others)
Sparc/Solaris 2.5 fixes(Ryan)
Pgbuiltin.3 is obsolete, move to doc files(Thomas)
Even more documention(Thomas)
Nextstep support(Jacek)
Aix support(David)
pginterface manual page(Bruce)
shared libraries all have version numbers
merged all OS-specific shared library defines into one file
smarter TCL/TK configuration checking(Billy)
smarter perl configuration(Brook)
configure uses supplied install-sh if no install script found(Tom)
new Makefile.shlib for shared library configuration(Tom)
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