439 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
439 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
--
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-- TEXT
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--
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SELECT text 'this is a text string' = text 'this is a text string' AS true;
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true
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------
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t
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(1 row)
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SELECT text 'this is a text string' = text 'this is a text strin' AS false;
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false
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-------
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f
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(1 row)
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-- text_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
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SELECT * FROM TEXT_TBL;
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f1
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-------------------
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doh!
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hi de ho neighbor
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(2 rows)
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-- As of 8.3 we have removed most implicit casts to text, so that for example
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-- this no longer works:
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select length(42);
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ERROR: function length(integer) does not exist
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LINE 1: select length(42);
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^
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HINT: No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
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-- But as a special exception for usability's sake, we still allow implicit
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-- casting to text in concatenations, so long as the other input is text or
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-- an unknown literal. So these work:
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select 'four: '::text || 2+2;
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?column?
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----------
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four: 4
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(1 row)
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select 'four: ' || 2+2;
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?column?
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----------
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four: 4
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(1 row)
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-- but not this:
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select 3 || 4.0;
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ERROR: operator does not exist: integer || numeric
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LINE 1: select 3 || 4.0;
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^
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HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
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/*
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* various string functions
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*/
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select concat('one');
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concat
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--------
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one
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(1 row)
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select concat(1,2,3,'hello',true, false, to_date('20100309','YYYYMMDD'));
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concat
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----------------------
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123hellotf03-09-2010
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(1 row)
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select concat_ws('#','one');
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concat_ws
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-----------
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one
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(1 row)
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select concat_ws('#',1,2,3,'hello',true, false, to_date('20100309','YYYYMMDD'));
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concat_ws
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----------------------------
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1#2#3#hello#t#f#03-09-2010
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(1 row)
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select concat_ws(',',10,20,null,30);
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concat_ws
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-----------
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10,20,30
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(1 row)
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select concat_ws('',10,20,null,30);
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concat_ws
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-----------
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102030
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(1 row)
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select concat_ws(NULL,10,20,null,30) is null;
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?column?
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----------
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t
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(1 row)
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select reverse('abcde');
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reverse
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---------
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edcba
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(1 row)
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select i, left('ahoj', i), right('ahoj', i) from generate_series(-5, 5) t(i) order by i;
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i | left | right
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----+------+-------
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-5 | |
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-4 | |
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-3 | a | j
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-2 | ah | oj
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-1 | aho | hoj
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0 | |
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1 | a | j
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2 | ah | oj
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3 | aho | hoj
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4 | ahoj | ahoj
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5 | ahoj | ahoj
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(11 rows)
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select quote_literal('');
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quote_literal
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---------------
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''
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(1 row)
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select quote_literal('abc''');
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quote_literal
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---------------
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'abc'''
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(1 row)
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select quote_literal(e'\\');
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quote_literal
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---------------
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E'\\'
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(1 row)
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-- check variadic labeled argument
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select concat(variadic array[1,2,3]);
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concat
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--------
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123
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(1 row)
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select concat_ws(',', variadic array[1,2,3]);
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concat_ws
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-----------
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1,2,3
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(1 row)
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select concat_ws(',', variadic NULL::int[]);
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concat_ws
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-----------
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(1 row)
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select concat(variadic NULL::int[]) is NULL;
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?column?
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----------
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t
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(1 row)
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select concat(variadic '{}'::int[]) = '';
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?column?
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----------
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t
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(1 row)
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--should fail
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select concat_ws(',', variadic 10);
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ERROR: VARIADIC argument must be an array
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LINE 1: select concat_ws(',', variadic 10);
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^
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/*
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* format
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*/
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select format(NULL);
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format
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--------
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(1 row)
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select format('Hello');
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format
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--------
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Hello
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(1 row)
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select format('Hello %s', 'World');
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format
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-------------
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Hello World
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(1 row)
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select format('Hello %%');
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format
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---------
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Hello %
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(1 row)
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select format('Hello %%%%');
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format
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----------
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Hello %%
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(1 row)
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-- should fail
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select format('Hello %s %s', 'World');
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ERROR: too few arguments for format()
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select format('Hello %s');
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ERROR: too few arguments for format()
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select format('Hello %x', 20);
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ERROR: unrecognized format() type specifier "x"
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HINT: For a single "%" use "%%".
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-- check literal and sql identifiers
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select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', 'mytab', 10, 'Hello');
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format
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----------------------------------------
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INSERT INTO mytab VALUES('10','Hello')
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(1 row)
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select format('%s%s%s','Hello', NULL,'World');
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format
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------------
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HelloWorld
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(1 row)
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select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', 'mytab', 10, NULL);
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format
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-------------------------------------
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INSERT INTO mytab VALUES('10',NULL)
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(1 row)
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select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', 'mytab', NULL, 'Hello');
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format
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----------------------------------------
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INSERT INTO mytab VALUES(NULL,'Hello')
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(1 row)
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-- should fail, sql identifier cannot be NULL
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select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', NULL, 10, 'Hello');
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ERROR: null values cannot be formatted as an SQL identifier
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-- check positional placeholders
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select format('%1$s %3$s', 1, 2, 3);
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format
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--------
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1 3
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(1 row)
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select format('%1$s %12$s', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12);
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format
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--------
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1 12
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(1 row)
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-- should fail
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select format('%1$s %4$s', 1, 2, 3);
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ERROR: too few arguments for format()
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select format('%1$s %13$s', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12);
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ERROR: too few arguments for format()
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select format('%0$s', 'Hello');
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ERROR: format specifies argument 0, but arguments are numbered from 1
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select format('%*0$s', 'Hello');
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ERROR: format specifies argument 0, but arguments are numbered from 1
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select format('%1$', 1);
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ERROR: unterminated format() type specifier
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HINT: For a single "%" use "%%".
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select format('%1$1', 1);
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ERROR: unterminated format() type specifier
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HINT: For a single "%" use "%%".
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-- check mix of positional and ordered placeholders
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select format('Hello %s %1$s %s', 'World', 'Hello again');
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format
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-------------------------------
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Hello World World Hello again
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(1 row)
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select format('Hello %s %s, %2$s %2$s', 'World', 'Hello again');
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format
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--------------------------------------------------
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Hello World Hello again, Hello again Hello again
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(1 row)
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-- check variadic labeled arguments
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select format('%s, %s', variadic array['Hello','World']);
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format
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--------------
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Hello, World
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(1 row)
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select format('%s, %s', variadic array[1, 2]);
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format
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--------
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1, 2
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(1 row)
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select format('%s, %s', variadic array[true, false]);
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format
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--------
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t, f
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(1 row)
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select format('%s, %s', variadic array[true, false]::text[]);
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format
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-------------
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true, false
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(1 row)
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-- check variadic with positional placeholders
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select format('%2$s, %1$s', variadic array['first', 'second']);
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format
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---------------
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second, first
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(1 row)
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select format('%2$s, %1$s', variadic array[1, 2]);
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format
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--------
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2, 1
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(1 row)
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-- variadic argument can be array type NULL, but should not be referenced
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select format('Hello', variadic NULL::int[]);
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format
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--------
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Hello
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(1 row)
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-- variadic argument allows simulating more than FUNC_MAX_ARGS parameters
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select format(string_agg('%s',','), variadic array_agg(i))
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from generate_series(1,200) g(i);
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format
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200
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(1 row)
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-- check field widths and left, right alignment
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select format('>>%10s<<', 'Hello');
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format
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----------------
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>> Hello<<
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(1 row)
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select format('>>%10s<<', NULL);
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format
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----------------
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>> <<
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(1 row)
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select format('>>%10s<<', '');
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format
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----------------
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>> <<
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(1 row)
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select format('>>%-10s<<', '');
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format
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----------------
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>> <<
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(1 row)
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select format('>>%-10s<<', 'Hello');
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format
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----------------
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>>Hello <<
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(1 row)
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select format('>>%-10s<<', NULL);
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format
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----------------
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>> <<
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(1 row)
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select format('>>%1$10s<<', 'Hello');
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format
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----------------
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>> Hello<<
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(1 row)
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select format('>>%1$-10I<<', 'Hello');
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format
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----------------
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>>"Hello" <<
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(1 row)
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select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', 10, 'Hello');
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format
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----------------
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>> 'Hello'<<
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(1 row)
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select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', 10, NULL);
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format
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----------------
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>> NULL<<
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(1 row)
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select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', -10, NULL);
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format
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----------------
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>>NULL <<
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(1 row)
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select format('>>%*s<<', 10, 'Hello');
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format
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----------------
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>> Hello<<
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(1 row)
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select format('>>%*1$s<<', 10, 'Hello');
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format
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----------------
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>> Hello<<
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(1 row)
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select format('>>%-s<<', 'Hello');
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format
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-----------
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>>Hello<<
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(1 row)
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select format('>>%10L<<', NULL);
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format
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----------------
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>> NULL<<
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(1 row)
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select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', NULL, 'Hello');
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format
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-------------
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>>'Hello'<<
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(1 row)
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select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', 0, 'Hello');
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format
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-------------
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>>'Hello'<<
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(1 row)
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