mirror of
https://git.postgresql.org/git/postgresql.git
synced 2024-10-03 05:26:50 +02:00
c05f29e895
capabilities of specifying time zones as intervals per SQL9x. Put refentrytitle contents on the same line as the tag. Otherwise, leading whitespace is propagated into the product, which (at least) messes up the ToC layout. Remove (some) docinfo tags containing dates. Best to omit if the dates are not accurate; maybe use CVS dates instead or leave them out.
369 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
369 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
<!--
|
|
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_database.sgml,v 1.27 2002/04/21 19:02:39 thomas Exp $
|
|
PostgreSQL documentation
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<refentry id="SQL-CREATEDATABASE">
|
|
<refmeta>
|
|
<refentrytitle id="sql-createdatabase-title">CREATE DATABASE</refentrytitle>
|
|
<refmiscinfo>SQL - Language Statements</refmiscinfo>
|
|
</refmeta>
|
|
<refnamediv>
|
|
<refname>
|
|
CREATE DATABASE
|
|
</refname>
|
|
<refpurpose>
|
|
create a new database
|
|
</refpurpose>
|
|
</refnamediv>
|
|
<refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
<refsynopsisdivinfo>
|
|
<date>1999-12-11</date>
|
|
</refsynopsisdivinfo>
|
|
<synopsis>
|
|
CREATE DATABASE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable>
|
|
[ WITH [ OWNER [=] <replaceable class="parameter">dbowner</replaceable> ]
|
|
[ LOCATION [=] '<replaceable class="parameter">dbpath</replaceable>' ]
|
|
[ TEMPLATE [=] <replaceable class="parameter">template</replaceable> ]
|
|
[ ENCODING [=] <replaceable class="parameter">encoding</replaceable> ] ]
|
|
</synopsis>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2 id="R2-SQL-CREATEDATABASE-1">
|
|
<refsect2info>
|
|
<date>1999-12-11</date>
|
|
</refsect2info>
|
|
<title>
|
|
Inputs
|
|
</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The name of a database to create.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable class="parameter">dbowner</replaceable></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Name of the database user who will own the new database,
|
|
or <literal>DEFAULT</literal> to use the default (namely, the
|
|
user executing the command).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable class="parameter">dbpath</replaceable></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
An alternate file-system location in which to store the new database,
|
|
specified as a string literal;
|
|
or <literal>DEFAULT</literal> to use the default location.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable class="parameter">template</replaceable></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Name of template from which to create the new database,
|
|
or <literal>DEFAULT</literal> to use the default template
|
|
(<literal>template1</literal>).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable class="parameter">encoding</replaceable></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Multibyte encoding method to use in the new database. Specify
|
|
a string literal name (e.g., <literal>'SQL_ASCII'</literal>),
|
|
or an integer encoding number, or <literal>DEFAULT</literal>
|
|
to use the default encoding.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2 id="R2-SQL-CREATEDATABASE-2">
|
|
<refsect2info>
|
|
<date>1999-12-11</date>
|
|
</refsect2info>
|
|
<title>
|
|
Outputs
|
|
</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><computeroutput>CREATE DATABASE</computeroutput></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Message returned if the command completes successfully.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><computeroutput>ERROR: user '<replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable>' is not allowed to create/drop databases</computeroutput></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You must have the special CREATEDB privilege to create databases.
|
|
See <xref linkend="SQL-CREATEUSER" endterm="SQL-CREATEUSER-title">.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><computeroutput>ERROR: createdb: database "<replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>" already exists</computeroutput></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This occurs if a database with the <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
|
|
specified already exists.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><computeroutput>ERROR: database path may not contain single quotes</computeroutput></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The database location
|
|
<replaceable class="parameter">dbpath</replaceable> cannot contain
|
|
single quotes. This is required so that the shell commands that
|
|
create the database directory can execute safely.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><computeroutput>ERROR: CREATE DATABASE: may not be called in a transaction block</computeroutput></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you have an explicit transaction block in progress you cannot call
|
|
<command>CREATE DATABASE</command>. You must finish the transaction first.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><computeroutput>ERROR: Unable to create database directory '<replaceable>path</replaceable>'.</computeroutput></term>
|
|
<term><computeroutput>ERROR: Could not initialize database directory.</computeroutput></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
These are most likely related to insufficient permissions on the data
|
|
directory, a full disk, or other file system problems. The user under
|
|
which the database server is running must have access to the location.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
</refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id="R1-SQL-CREATEDATABASE-1">
|
|
<refsect1info>
|
|
<date>1999-12-11</date>
|
|
</refsect1info>
|
|
<title>
|
|
Description
|
|
</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<command>CREATE DATABASE</command> creates a new
|
|
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Normally, the creator becomes the owner of the new database.
|
|
Superusers can create databases owned by other users using the
|
|
<option>OWNER</> clause. They can even create databases owned by
|
|
users with no special privileges. Non-superusers with CREATEDB
|
|
privilege can only create databases owned by themselves.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
An alternate location can be specified in order to,
|
|
for example, store the database on a different disk.
|
|
The path must have been prepared with the
|
|
<xref linkend="APP-INITLOCATION" endterm="APP-INITLOCATION-title">
|
|
command.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the path name does not contain a slash, it is interpreted
|
|
as an environment variable name, which must be known to the
|
|
server process. This way the database administrator can
|
|
exercise control over locations in which databases can be created.
|
|
(A customary choice is, e.g., <envar>PGDATA2</envar>.)
|
|
If the server is compiled with <literal>ALLOW_ABSOLUTE_DBPATHS</literal>
|
|
(not so by default), absolute path names, as identified by
|
|
a leading slash
|
|
(e.g., <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/data</filename>),
|
|
are allowed as well.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
By default, the new database will be created by cloning the standard
|
|
system database <literal>template1</>. A different template can be
|
|
specified by writing <literal>TEMPLATE =</>
|
|
<replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>. In particular,
|
|
by writing <literal>TEMPLATE = template0</>, you can create a virgin
|
|
database containing only the standard objects predefined by your
|
|
version of <application>PostgreSQL</application>. This is useful
|
|
if you wish to avoid copying
|
|
any installation-local objects that may have been added to
|
|
<literal>template1</>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The optional encoding parameter allows selection of the database encoding,
|
|
if your server was compiled with multibyte encoding support. When not
|
|
specified, it defaults to the encoding used by the selected template
|
|
database.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Optional parameters can be written in any order, not only the order
|
|
illustrated above.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2 id="R2-SQL-CREATEDATABASE-3">
|
|
<refsect2info>
|
|
<date>1999-12-11</date>
|
|
</refsect2info>
|
|
<title>
|
|
Notes
|
|
</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<command>CREATE DATABASE</command> is a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
|
|
language extension.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use <xref linkend="SQL-DROPDATABASE" endterm="SQL-DROPDATABASE-title"> to remove a database.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The program <xref linkend="APP-CREATEDB" endterm="APP-CREATEDB-title"> is a
|
|
shell script wrapper around this command, provided for convenience.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
There are security and data integrity issues
|
|
involved with using alternate database locations
|
|
specified with absolute path names, and by default
|
|
only an environment variable known to the backend may be
|
|
specified for an alternate location.
|
|
See the Administrator's Guide for more information.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
comment from Olly; response from Thomas...
|
|
<comment>
|
|
initlocation does not create a PG_VERSION file in the specified location.
|
|
How will PostgreSQL handle the situation if it is upgraded to an
|
|
incompatible database version?
|
|
</comment>
|
|
Hmm. This isn't an issue since the upgrade would do
|
|
a dump/reload from the main database area also.
|
|
Not sure if the dump/reload would guarantee that
|
|
the alternate data area gets refreshed though...
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Although it is possible to copy a database other than <literal>template1</>
|
|
by specifying its name as the template, this is not (yet) intended as
|
|
a general-purpose COPY DATABASE facility.
|
|
We recommend that databases used as templates be treated as read-only.
|
|
See the <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</> for more information.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id="R1-SQL-CREATEDATABASE-2">
|
|
<title>
|
|
Usage
|
|
</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To create a new database:
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
<prompt>olly=></prompt> <userinput>create database lusiadas;</userinput>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To create a new database in an alternate area <filename>~/private_db</filename>:
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>mkdir private_db</userinput>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>initlocation ~/private_db</userinput>
|
|
<computeroutput>
|
|
The location will be initialized with username "olly".
|
|
This user will own all the files and must also own the server process.
|
|
Creating directory /home/olly/private_db
|
|
Creating directory /home/olly/private_db/base
|
|
|
|
initlocation is complete.
|
|
</computeroutput>
|
|
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>psql olly</userinput>
|
|
<computeroutput>
|
|
Welcome to psql, the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.
|
|
|
|
Type: \copyright for distribution terms
|
|
\h for help with SQL commands
|
|
\? for help on internal slash commands
|
|
\g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
|
|
\q to quit
|
|
|
|
<prompt>olly=></prompt></computeroutput> <userinput>CREATE DATABASE elsewhere WITH LOCATION = '/home/olly/private_db';</userinput>
|
|
<computeroutput>CREATE DATABASE</computeroutput>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id="R1-SQL-CREATEDATABASE-4">
|
|
<title>
|
|
Compatibility
|
|
</title>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2 id="R2-SQL-CREATEDATABASE-4">
|
|
<refsect2info>
|
|
<date>1998-04-15</date>
|
|
</refsect2info>
|
|
<title>
|
|
SQL92
|
|
</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
There is no <command>CREATE DATABASE</command> statement in SQL92.
|
|
Databases are equivalent to catalogs, whose creation is
|
|
implementation-defined.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
</refentry>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
|
|
Local variables:
|
|
mode: sgml
|
|
sgml-omittag:nil
|
|
sgml-shorttag:t
|
|
sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
|
|
sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
|
|
sgml-indent-step:1
|
|
sgml-indent-data:t
|
|
sgml-parent-document:nil
|
|
sgml-default-dtd-file:"../reference.ced"
|
|
sgml-exposed-tags:nil
|
|
sgml-local-catalogs:"/usr/lib/sgml/catalog"
|
|
sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
|
|
End:
|
|
-->
|