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postgresql/doc/src/sgml/release-9.5.sgml

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<!-- doc/src/sgml/release-9.5.sgml -->
<!-- See header comment in release.sgml about typical markup -->
<sect1 id="release-9-5-1">
<title>Release 9.5.1</title>
<note>
<title>Release Date</title>
<simpara>2016-02-11</simpara>
</note>
<para>
This release contains a variety of fixes from 9.5.0.
For information about new features in the 9.5 major release, see
<xref linkend="release-9-5">.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Migration to Version 9.5.1</title>
<para>
A dump/restore is not required for those running 9.5.X.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Changes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [f867ce551] 2016-02-07 12:29:32 -0500
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [129db3cbe] 2016-02-07 12:29:17 -0500
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Fix an oversight that caused hash joins to miss joining to some tuples
of the inner relation in rare cases (Tomas Vondra, Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [b8682a715] 2016-01-26 15:38:33 -0500
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [2acb682f6] 2016-01-26 15:38:33 -0500
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [2b3983158] 2016-01-26 15:38:33 -0500
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [9bbfca8fd] 2016-01-26 15:38:33 -0500
Branch: REL9_2_STABLE [3a7af9d73] 2016-01-26 15:38:33 -0500
Branch: REL9_1_STABLE [b043df093] 2016-01-26 15:38:33 -0500
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Make <literal>%h</> and <literal>%r</> escapes
in <varname>log_line_prefix</> work for messages emitted due
to <varname>log_connections</> (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
Previously, <literal>%h</>/<literal>%r</> started to work just after a
new session had emitted the <quote>connection received</> log message;
now they work for that message too.
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Magnus Hagander <magnus@hagander.net>
Branch: master [6a61d1ff9] 2016-01-14 13:06:03 +0100
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [3276ca303] 2016-01-14 13:07:20 +0100
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [ab49f87d5] 2016-01-14 13:07:35 +0100
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [77d8edcf5] 2016-01-14 13:07:45 +0100
Branch: REL9_2_STABLE [df0bd5a0f] 2016-01-14 13:07:55 +0100
Branch: REL9_1_STABLE [b1c0f92eb] 2016-01-14 13:08:10 +0100
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Avoid leaking a token handle during SSPI authentication
(Christian Ullrich)
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [7e2247047] 2016-01-29 10:28:02 +0100
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [56251f396] 2016-01-29 10:28:02 +0100
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [5849b6e32] 2016-01-29 10:28:02 +0100
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [db678ca16] 2016-01-29 10:28:03 +0100
Branch: REL9_2_STABLE [a362cc2e3] 2016-01-29 10:28:03 +0100
Branch: REL9_1_STABLE [ed5f57218] 2016-01-29 10:28:03 +0100
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Fix <application>psql</>'s <literal>\det</> command to interpret its
pattern argument the same way as other <literal>\d</> commands with
potentially schema-qualified patterns do (Reece Hart)
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Branch: master [a96761391] 2016-01-07 11:59:08 -0300
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [744d01c9a] 2016-01-07 11:59:08 -0300
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [c7aca3d45] 2016-01-07 11:59:08 -0300
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [74d4009b8] 2016-01-07 11:59:08 -0300
Branch: REL9_2_STABLE [5c4cbd5d1] 2016-01-07 11:59:08 -0300
Branch: REL9_1_STABLE [b96f6f444] 2016-01-07 11:59:08 -0300
-->
<listitem>
<para>
In <application>pg_ctl</> on Windows, check service status to decide
where to send output, rather than checking if standard output is a
terminal (Michael Paquier)
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [e72d7d853] 2016-01-13 18:55:27 -0500
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [c42df2d46] 2016-01-13 18:55:27 -0500
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [7393208b5] 2016-01-13 18:55:27 -0500
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [b87403f70] 2016-01-13 18:55:27 -0500
Branch: REL9_2_STABLE [be2b27651] 2016-01-13 18:55:27 -0500
Branch: REL9_1_STABLE [5108013db] 2016-01-13 18:55:27 -0500
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Fix assorted corner-case bugs in <application>pg_dump</>'s processing
of extension member objects (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Branch: master [df43fcf45] 2016-01-22 20:04:35 -0300
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [1e910cf5b] 2016-01-22 20:04:35 -0300
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Fix improper quoting of domain constraint names
in <application>pg_dump</> (Elvis Pranskevichus)
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [0ed707e9b] 2016-02-04 00:26:10 -0500
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [b99dd7170] 2016-02-04 00:26:10 -0500
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [411e2b0d5] 2016-02-04 00:26:10 -0500
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [aefbc208b] 2016-02-04 00:26:10 -0500
Branch: REL9_2_STABLE [4f58a7003] 2016-02-04 00:26:10 -0500
Branch: REL9_1_STABLE [9c704632c] 2016-02-04 00:26:10 -0500
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Make <application>pg_dump</> mark a view's triggers as needing to be
processed after its rule, to prevent possible failure during
parallel <application>pg_restore</> (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Robert Haas <rhaas@postgresql.org>
Branch: master [64f5edca2] 2016-02-01 08:23:41 -0500
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [829757c8a] 2016-02-01 08:26:07 -0500
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [c33d1a8d5] 2016-02-03 09:15:29 -0500
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [014796aa3] 2016-02-03 09:19:58 -0500
Branch: REL9_2_STABLE [b63a4f418] 2016-02-03 09:21:44 -0500
Branch: REL9_1_STABLE [4c8b07d3c] 2016-02-03 09:25:34 -0500
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Install guards in <application>pgbench</> against corner-case overflow
conditions during evaluation of script-specified division or modulo
operators (Fabien Coelho, Michael Paquier)
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Branch: master [4aecd22d3] 2016-01-05 17:25:12 -0300
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [7ef311eb4] 2016-01-05 17:25:12 -0300
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Suppress useless warning message when <application>pg_receivexlog</>
connects to a pre-9.4 server (Marco Nenciarini)
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [866566a69] 2016-01-11 19:55:39 -0500
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [db8fa56d6] 2016-01-11 19:55:39 -0500
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [22815752e] 2016-01-11 19:55:40 -0500
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [0ddeaba7e] 2016-01-11 19:55:40 -0500
Branch: REL9_2_STABLE [3843ba510] 2016-01-11 19:55:40 -0500
Branch: master [fb6fcbd33] 2016-01-11 20:06:36 -0500
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [5ef26b8de] 2016-01-11 20:06:47 -0500
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Avoid dump/reload problems when using both <application>plpython2</>
and <application>plpython3</> (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
In principle, both versions of <application>PL/Python</> can be used in
the same database, though not in the same session (because the two
versions of <application>libpython</> cannot safely be used concurrently).
However, <application>pg_restore</> and <application>pg_upgrade</> both
do things that can fall foul of the same-session restriction. Work
around that by changing the timing of the check.
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [f1b898759] 2015-11-14 13:43:43 -0500
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [a37ab812c] 2015-11-14 13:44:09 -0500
Branch: REL9_2_STABLE [82076c1e4] 2015-11-14 13:53:26 -0500
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [a66c1fcdd] 2016-01-08 11:39:28 -0500
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Fix <application>PL/Python</> regression tests to pass with Python 3.5
(Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
Branch: master [f4aa3a18a] 2016-02-05 20:22:51 -0500
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [0089dd34a] 2016-02-05 20:23:04 -0500
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [ed6deeb7a] 2016-02-05 20:23:07 -0500
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [34e91736b] 2016-02-05 20:23:11 -0500
Branch: REL9_2_STABLE [de9766d39] 2016-02-05 20:23:14 -0500
Branch: REL9_1_STABLE [b1f591c50] 2016-02-05 20:23:19 -0500
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Prevent certain <application>PL/Java</> parameters from being set by
non-superusers (Noah Misch)
</para>
<para>
This change mitigates a <application>PL/Java</> security bug
(CVE-2016-0766), which was fixed in <application>PL/Java</> by marking
these parameters as superuser-only. To fix the security hazard for
sites that update <productname>PostgreSQL</> more frequently
than <application>PL/Java</>, make the core code aware of them also.
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Michael Meskes <meskes@postgresql.org>
Branch: master [7a58d19b0] 2016-02-01 13:21:00 +0100
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [40482e606] 2016-02-01 13:20:37 +0100
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [0b55fef39] 2016-02-01 13:19:10 +0100
Branch: REL9_2_STABLE [d9ce5d201] 2016-02-01 13:19:34 +0100
Branch: REL9_1_STABLE [79782b407] 2016-02-01 13:19:43 +0100
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Fix <application>ecpg</>-supplied header files to not contain comments
continued from a preprocessor directive line onto the next line
(Michael Meskes)
</para>
<para>
Such a comment is rejected by <application>ecpg</>. It's not yet clear
whether <application>ecpg</> itself should be changed.
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [e6ecc93a1] 2016-02-03 01:39:48 -0500
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [1c291624b] 2016-02-03 01:39:08 -0500
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [aa223a037] 2016-02-03 01:39:08 -0500
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [1f2b195eb] 2016-02-03 01:39:08 -0500
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Fix <function>hstore_to_json_loose()</>'s test for whether
an <type>hstore</> value can be converted to a JSON number (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
Previously this function could be fooled by non-alphanumeric trailing
characters, leading to emitting syntactically-invalid JSON.
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Robert Haas <rhaas@postgresql.org>
Branch: master [9418d79a7] 2016-02-04 21:17:53 -0500
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [453d40817] 2016-02-04 21:17:46 -0500
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [1f3294c22] 2016-02-04 21:15:57 -0500
Branch: master [37c84570b] 2016-02-04 22:27:13 -0500
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [d160e2a34] 2016-02-04 22:27:38 -0500
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [2099b911d] 2016-02-04 22:27:47 -0500
-->
<listitem>
<para>
In <filename>contrib/postgres_fdw</>, fix bugs triggered by use
of <literal>tableoid</> in data-modifying commands (Etsuro Fujita,
Robert Haas)
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [a396144ac] 2016-01-22 11:53:06 -0500
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [47acf3add] 2016-01-22 11:53:06 -0500
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Fix ill-advised restriction of <literal>NAMEDATALEN</> to be less
than 256 (Robert Haas, Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [3343ea9e8] 2016-01-05 15:47:05 -0500
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [8805af088] 2016-01-05 15:47:05 -0500
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [8c558b2e9] 2016-01-05 15:47:05 -0500
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [6d899f098] 2016-01-05 15:47:05 -0500
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Improve reproducibility of build output by ensuring filenames are given
to the linker in a fixed order (Christoph Berg)
</para>
<para>
This avoids possible bitwise differences in the produced executable
files from one build to the next.
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us>
Branch: master [216d56843] 2016-01-19 23:30:29 -0500
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [34bda20ae] 2016-01-19 23:30:29 -0500
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [8b3d52801] 2016-01-19 23:30:29 -0500
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [7a47262ce] 2016-01-19 23:30:28 -0500
Branch: REL9_2_STABLE [49d65e857] 2016-01-19 23:30:28 -0500
Branch: REL9_1_STABLE [b1bc38144] 2016-01-19 23:30:28 -0500
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that <filename>dynloader.h</> is included in the installed
header files in MSVC builds (Bruce Momjian, Michael Paquier)
</para>
</listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [a73311e52] 2016-02-05 10:59:09 -0500
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [37e694632] 2016-02-05 10:59:21 -0500
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [31b792f61] 2016-02-05 10:59:26 -0500
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [9a3475b84] 2016-02-05 10:59:31 -0500
Branch: REL9_2_STABLE [32f17a2e7] 2016-02-05 10:59:35 -0500
Branch: REL9_1_STABLE [6887d72d0] 2016-02-05 10:59:39 -0500
-->
<listitem>
<para>
Update time zone data files to <application>tzdata</> release 2016a for
DST law changes in Cayman Islands, Metlakatla, and Trans-Baikal
Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai), plus historical corrections for Pakistan.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="release-9-5">
<title>Release 9.5</title>
<note>
<title>Release Date</title>
<simpara>2016-01-07</simpara>
</note>
<sect2>
<title>Overview</title>
<para>
Major enhancements in <productname>PostgreSQL</> 9.5 include:
</para>
<!-- This list duplicates items below, but without authors or details-->
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow <link linkend="sql-on-conflict"><command>INSERT</></>s
that would generate constraint conflicts to be turned into
<command>UPDATE</>s or ignored
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <literal>GROUP BY</> analysis features <link
linkend="queries-grouping-sets"><literal>GROUPING SETS</></>,
<link linkend="queries-grouping-sets"><literal>CUBE</></> and
<link linkend="queries-grouping-sets"><literal>ROLLUP</></>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <link linkend="ddl-rowsecurity">row-level security control</>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Create mechanisms for tracking
the <link linkend="replication-origins">progress of replication</>,
including methods for identifying the origin of individual changes
during logical replication
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add <link linkend="BRIN">Block Range Indexes</> (<acronym>BRIN</>)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Substantial performance improvements for sorting
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Substantial performance improvements for multi-CPU machines
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
The above items are explained in more detail in the sections below.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Migration to Version 9.5</title>
<para>
A dump/restore using <xref linkend="app-pg-dumpall">, or use
of <xref linkend="pgupgrade">, is required for those wishing to migrate
data from any previous release.
</para>
<para>
Version 9.5 contains a number of changes that may affect compatibility
with previous releases. Observe the following incompatibilities:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-11 [c6b3c93] Tom Lane: Make operator precedence follow the SQL standar..
-->
<para>
Adjust <link linkend="sql-precedence">operator precedence</>
to match the <acronym>SQL</> standard (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
The precedence of <literal>&lt;=</literal>, <literal>&gt;=</literal>
and <literal>&lt;&gt;</literal> has been reduced to match that of
<literal>&lt;</literal>, <literal>&gt;</literal>
and <literal>=</literal>. The precedence of <literal>IS</> tests
(e.g., <replaceable>x</> <literal>IS NULL</>) has been reduced to be
just below these six comparison operators.
Also, multi-keyword operators beginning with <literal>NOT</> now have
the precedence of their base operator (for example, <literal>NOT
BETWEEN</> now has the same precedence as <literal>BETWEEN</>) whereas
before they had inconsistent precedence, behaving like <literal>NOT</>
with respect to their left operand but like their base operator with
respect to their right operand. The new configuration
parameter <xref linkend="guc-operator-precedence-warning"> can be
enabled to warn about queries in which these precedence changes result
in different parsing choices.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-31 [0badb06] Bruce ..: pg_ctl: change default shutdown mode from 'sma..
-->
<para>
Change <xref linkend="app-pg-ctl">'s default shutdown mode from
<literal>smart</> to <literal>fast</> (Bruce Momjian)
</para>
<para>
This means the default behavior will be to forcibly cancel existing
database sessions, not simply wait for them to exit.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-04 [1345cc6] Tom Lane: Use standard casting mechanism to convert type..
-->
<para>
Use assignment cast behavior for data type conversions
in <application>PL/pgSQL</> assignments, rather than converting to and
from text (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This change causes conversions of Booleans to strings to
produce <literal>true</> or <literal>false</>, not <literal>t</>
or <literal>f</>. Other type conversions may succeed in more cases
than before; for example, assigning a numeric value <literal>3.9</> to
an integer variable will now assign 4 rather than failing. If no
assignment-grade cast is defined for the particular source and
destination types, <application>PL/pgSQL</> will fall back to its old
I/O conversion behavior.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-08-28 [11a020e] Andres..: Allow escaping of option values for options pas..
-->
<para>
Allow characters in <link linkend="libpq-connect-options">server
command-line options</> to be escaped with a backslash (Andres Freund)
</para>
<para>
Formerly, spaces in the options string always separated options, so
there was no way to include a space in an option value. Including
a backslash in an option value now requires writing <literal>\\</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-08 [9a08841] Stephe..: Change default for include_realm to 1
-->
<para>
Change the default value of the GSSAPI <link
linkend="gssapi-auth"><varname>include_realm</></> parameter to 1, so
that by default the realm is not removed from a <acronym>GSS</>
or <acronym>SSPI</> principal name (Stephen Frost)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-02-23 [88e9823] Heikki..: Replace checkpoint_segments with min_wal_size a..
2015-03-15 [a0f5954] Andres..: Increase max_wal_size's default from 128MB to 1..
2015-06-29 [d661532] Heikki..: Also trigger restartpoints based on max_wal_siz..
-->
<para>
Replace configuration parameter <varname>checkpoint_segments</>
with <xref linkend="guc-min-wal-size">
and <xref linkend="guc-max-wal-size"> (Heikki Linnakangas)
</para>
<para>
If you previously adjusted <varname>checkpoint_segments</varname>, the
following formula will give you an approximately equivalent setting:
<programlisting>
max_wal_size = (3 * checkpoint_segments) * 16MB
</programlisting>
Note that the default setting for <varname>max_wal_size</varname> is
much higher than the default <varname>checkpoint_segments</varname> used
to be, so adjusting it might no longer be necessary.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-06-18 [df8b7bc] Tom Lane: Improve our mechanism for controlling the Linux..
-->
<para>
Control the Linux <acronym>OOM</> killer via new environment
variables <link
linkend="linux-memory-overcommit"><envar>PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE</></>
and <link
linkend="linux-memory-overcommit"><envar>PG_OOM_ADJUST_VALUE</></>,
instead of compile-time options <literal>LINUX_OOM_SCORE_ADJ</> and
<literal>LINUX_OOM_ADJ</>
(Gurjeet Singh)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-10-20 [b06f1f2] Robert..: Put back ssl_renegotiation_limit parameter, bu..
2015-07-28 [6087d95] Andres..: Remove ssl renegotiation support.
-->
<para>
Decommission server configuration
parameter <varname>ssl_renegotiation_limit</>, which was deprecated
in earlier releases (Andres Freund)
</para>
<para>
While SSL renegotiation is a good idea in theory, it has caused enough
bugs to be considered a net negative in practice, and it is due to be
removed from future versions of the relevant standards. We have
therefore removed support for it from <productname>PostgreSQL</>.
The <varname>ssl_renegotiation_limit</> parameter still exists, but
cannot be set to anything but zero (disabled). It's not documented
anymore, either.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-05 [525a489] Tom Lane: Remove the last vestige of server-side autocomm..
-->
<para>
Remove server configuration parameter <varname>autocommit</>, which
was already deprecated and non-operational (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-06 [bb8582a] Peter ..: Remove rolcatupdate
-->
<para>
Remove the <link linkend="catalog-pg-authid"><structname>pg_authid</></>
catalog's <structfield>rolcatupdate</> field, as it had no usefulness
(Adam Brightwell)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-12-13 [28c3667] Magnus..: Consistently set all fields in pg_stat_replica..
-->
<para>
The <link
linkend="monitoring-stats-views-table"><structname>pg_stat_replication</></link>
system view's <structfield>sent</> field is now NULL, not zero, when
it has no valid value (Magnus Hagander)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-07-17 [89ddd29] Andrew..: Support JSON negative array subscripts everywh..
-->
<para>
Allow <type>json</> and <type>jsonb</> array extraction operators to
accept negative subscripts, which count from the end of JSON arrays
(Peter Geoghegan, Andrew Dunstan)
</para>
<para>
Previously, these operators returned <literal>NULL</> for negative
subscripts.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Changes</title>
<para>
Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 9.5 and the previous major
release.
</para>
<sect3>
<title>Server</title>
<sect4>
<title>Indexes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-07 [7516f52] Alvaro..: BRIN: Block Range Indexes
2015-05-05 [3b6db1f] Alvaro..: Add geometry/range functions to support BRIN in..
2015-05-15 [b0b7be6] Alvaro..: Add BRIN infrastructure for "inclusion" opclasses
-->
<para>
Add <link linkend="BRIN">Block Range Indexes</> (<acronym>BRIN</>)
(&Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
</para>
<para>
<acronym>BRIN</> indexes store only summary data (such as minimum
and maximum values) for ranges of heap blocks. They are therefore
very compact and cheap to update; but if the data is naturally
clustered, they can still provide substantial speedup of searches.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-15 [35fcb1b] Heikki..: Allow GiST distance function to return merely ..
-->
<para>
Allow queries to perform accurate distance filtering of
bounding-box-indexed objects (polygons, circles) using <link
linkend="GiST">GiST</> indexes (Alexander Korotkov, Heikki
Linnakangas)
</para>
<para>
Previously, to exploit such an index a subquery had to be used to
select a large number of rows ordered by bounding-box distance, and
the result then had to be filtered further with a more accurate
distance calculation.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-26 [d04c8ed] Heikki..: Add support for index-only scans in GiST.
2015-03-27 [e09b483] Heikki..: Add index-only scan support to btree_gist.
2015-03-28 [3a20b0e] Heikki..: Add index-only scan support to inet GiST opclass.
2015-03-30 [0633a60] Heikki..: Add index-only scan support to range type GiST ..
-->
<para>
Allow <link linkend="GiST">GiST</> indexes to perform index-only
scans (Anastasia Lubennikova, Heikki Linnakangas, Andreas Karlsson)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Add GUC and storage parameter to set the maximum size of GIN pending list.
-->
<para>
Add configuration parameter <xref linkend="guc-gin-pending-list-limit">
to control the size of <acronym>GIN</> pending lists (Fujii Masao)
</para>
<para>
This value can also be set on a per-index basis as an index storage
parameter. Previously the pending-list size was controlled
by <xref linkend="guc-work-mem">, which was awkward because
appropriate values for <varname>work_mem</> are often much too large
for this purpose.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-10 [84aa8ba] Bruce ..: Issue a warning during the creation of hash in..
-->
<para>
Issue a warning during the creation of <link
linkend="indexes-types">hash</> indexes because they are not
crash-safe (Bruce Momjian)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>General Performance</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-01-19 [4ea51cd] Robert..: Use abbreviated keys for faster sorting of text..
2014-09-19 [e246b3d] Robert..: Add a fast pre-check for equality of equal-leng..
2015-05-13 [78efd5c] Robert..: Extend abbreviated key infrastructure to datum ..
-->
<para>
Improve the speed of sorting of <type>varchar</>, <type>text</>,
and <type>numeric</> fields via <quote>abbreviated</> keys
(Peter Geoghegan, Andrew Gierth, Robert Haas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-07 [5ea86e6] Robert..: Use the sortsupport infrastructure in more cas..
-->
<para>
Extend the infrastructure that allows sorting to be performed by
inlined, non-<acronym>SQL</acronym>-callable comparison functions to
cover <command>CREATE INDEX</>, <command>REINDEX</>, and
<command>CLUSTER</> (Peter Geoghegan)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-10 [45f6240] Heikki..: Pack tuples in a hash join batch densely, to sa..
2014-09-12 [8cce08f] Robert..: Change NTUP_PER_BUCKET to 1 to improve hash joi..
2014-10-13 [30d7ae3] Kevin ..: Increase number of hash join buckets for undere..
-->
<para>
Improve performance of hash joins (Tomas Vondra, Robert Haas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-25 [5d7962c] Robert..: Change locking regimen around buffer replacement.
2014-12-25 [d72731a] Andres..: Lockless StrategyGetBuffer clock sweep hot path.
-->
<para>
Improve concurrency of shared buffer replacement
(Robert Haas, Amit Kapila, Andres Freund)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-25 [2ed5b87f] Kevin ..: Reduce pinning and buffer content locking for b..
-->
<para>
Reduce the number of page locks and pins during index scans (Kevin Grittner)
</para>
<para>
The primary benefit of this is to allow index vacuums to be blocked
less often.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-08-30 [4b4b680] Andres..: Make backend local tracking of buffer pins memo..
2015-01-19 [2d115e4] Andres..: Fix various shortcomings of the new PrivateRefC..
-->
<para>
Make per-backend tracking of buffer pins more memory-efficient
(Andres Freund)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-12-25 [ab5194e] Andres..: Improve LWLock scalability.
-->
<para>
Improve lock scalability (Andres Freund)
</para>
<para>
This particularly addresses scalability problems when running on
systems with multiple <acronym>CPU</> sockets.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-07-15 [f15821e] Tom Lane: Allow join removal in some cases involving a le..
-->
<para>
Allow the optimizer to remove unnecessary references to left-joined
subqueries (David Rowley)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-06-27 [d222585] Tom Lane: Allow pushdown of WHERE quals into subqueries w..
-->
<para>
Allow pushdown of query restrictions into subqueries with <link
linkend="tutorial-window">window functions</>, where appropriate
(David Rowley)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-04-27 [dcbf594] Stephe..: Improve qual pushdown for RLS and SB views
-->
<para>
Allow a non-leakproof function to be pushed down into a security
barrier view if the function does not receive any view output
columns (Dean Rasheed)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-09-24 [45d256c] Tom Lane: Allow planner to use expression-index stats fo..
-->
<para>
Teach the planner to use statistics obtained from an expression
index on a boolean-returning function, when a matching function call
appears in <literal>WHERE</> (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-09-23 [cfb2024] Tom Lane: Make ANALYZE compute basic statistics even for..
-->
<para>
Make <command>ANALYZE</> compute basic statistics (null fraction and
average column width) even for columns whose data type lacks an
equality function (Oleksandr Shulgin)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-04 [5028f22] Heikki..: Switch to CRC-32C in WAL and other places.
2015-02-10 [025c024] Heikki..: Speed up CRC calculation using slicing-by-8 alg..
2015-04-14 [3dc2d62] Heikki..: Use Intel SSE 4.2 CRC instructions where availa..
-->
<para>
Speed up <acronym>CRC</> (cyclic redundancy check) computations
and switch to CRC-32C (Abhijit Menon-Sen, Heikki Linnakangas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-01-16 [f5ae3ba] Andres..: Make tbm_add_tuples more efficient by caching t..
2015-01-16 [779fdcd] Tom Lane: Improve new caching logic in tbm_add_tuples().
-->
<para>
Improve bitmap index scan performance (Teodor Sigaev, Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-07-01 [9f03ca9] Robert..: Avoid copying index tuples when building an ind..
-->
<para>
Speed up <command>CREATE INDEX</> by avoiding unnecessary memory
copies (Robert Haas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-10-02 [3acc10c9] Robert..: Increase the number of buffer mapping partitio..
-->
<para>
Increase the number of buffer mapping partitions (Amit Kapila,
Andres Freund, Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
This improves performance for highly concurrent workloads.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Monitoring</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-04-03 [4ff695b1] Alvaro..: Add log_min_autovacuum_duration per-table option
-->
<para>
Add per-table autovacuum logging control via new
<varname>log_min_autovacuum_duration</> storage parameter
(Michael Paquier)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-06-29 [51adcaa] Andres..: Add cluster_name GUC which is included in proce..
-->
<para>
Add new configuration parameter <xref linkend="guc-cluster-name">
(Thomas Munro)
</para>
<para>
This string, typically set in <link
linkend="config-setting-configuration-file"><filename>postgresql.conf</></>,
allows clients to identify the cluster. This name also appears
in the process title of all server processes, allowing for easier
identification of processes belonging to the same cluster.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-13 [fe550b2] Tom Lane: Invent PGC_SU_BACKEND and mark log_connections..
-->
<para>
Prevent non-superusers from changing <xref
linkend="guc-log-disconnections"> on connection startup (Fujii Masao)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><acronym>SSL</></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-12 [acd08d7] Heikki..: Support Subject Alternative Names in SSL server..
-->
<para>
Check <link linkend="libpq-ssl"><quote>Subject Alternative
Names</></> in <acronym>SSL</> server certificates, if present
(Alexey Klyukin)
</para>
<para>
When they are present, this replaces checks against the certificate's
<quote>Common Name</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-04-12 [9029f4b] Magnus..: Add system view pg_stat_ssl
-->
<para>
Add system view <link
linkend="pg-stat-ssl-view"><structname>pg_stat_ssl</></> to report
<acronym>SSL</> connection information (Magnus Hagander)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-02-03 [91fa7b4] Heikki..: Add API functions to libpq to interrogate SSL ..
-->
<para>
Add <application>libpq</> functions to return <acronym>SSL</>
information in an implementation-independent way (Heikki Linnakangas)
</para>
<para>
While <link linkend="libpq-pqgetssl"><function>PQgetssl()</></> can
still be used to call <productname>OpenSSL</> functions, it is now
considered deprecated because future versions
of <application>libpq</> might support other <acronym>SSL</>
implementations. When possible, use the new
functions <link
linkend="libpq-pqsslattribute"><function>PQsslAttribute()</></>, <link
linkend="libpq-pqsslattributenames"><function>PQsslAttributeNames()</></>,
and <link linkend="libpq-pqsslinuse"><function>PQsslInUse()</></>
to obtain <acronym>SSL</> information in
an <acronym>SSL</>-implementation-independent way.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-04-09 [8a0d34e4] Peter ..: libpq: Don't overwrite existing OpenSSL thread..
-->
<para>
Make <application>libpq</> honor any <productname>OpenSSL</>
thread callbacks (Jan Urbanski)
</para>
<para>
Previously they were overwritten.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Server Settings</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-02-23 [88e9823] Heikki..: Replace checkpoint_segments with min_wal_size a..
2015-03-15 [a0f5954] Andres..: Increase max_wal_size's default from 128MB to 1..
2015-06-29 [d661532] Heikki..: Also trigger restartpoints based on max_wal_siz..
-->
<para>
Replace configuration parameter <varname>checkpoint_segments</>
with <xref linkend="guc-min-wal-size">
and <xref linkend="guc-max-wal-size"> (Heikki Linnakangas)
</para>
<para>
This change allows the allocation of a large number of <acronym>WAL</>
files without keeping them after they are no longer needed.
Therefore the default for <varname>max_wal_size</> has been set
to <literal>1GB</>, much larger than the old default
for <varname>checkpoint_segments</>.
Also note that standby servers perform restartpoints to try to limit
their WAL space consumption to <varname>max_wal_size</>; previously
they did not pay any attention to <varname>checkpoint_segments</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-06-18 [df8b7bc] Tom Lane: Improve our mechanism for controlling the Linux..
-->
<para>
Control the Linux <acronym>OOM</> killer via new environment
variables <link
linkend="linux-memory-overcommit"><envar>PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE</></>
and <link
linkend="linux-memory-overcommit"><envar>PG_OOM_ADJUST_VALUE</></>
(Gurjeet Singh)
</para>
<para>
The previous <acronym>OOM</> control infrastructure involved
compile-time options <literal>LINUX_OOM_SCORE_ADJ</> and
<literal>LINUX_OOM_ADJ</>, which are no longer supported.
The new behavior is available in all builds.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-12-03 [73c986a] Alvaro..: Keep track of transaction commit timestamps
-->
<para>
Allow recording of transaction
commit time stamps when configuration parameter <xref
linkend="guc-track-commit-timestamp">
is enabled (&Aacute;lvaro Herrera, Petr Jel&iacute;nek)
</para>
<para>
Time stamp information can be accessed using functions <link
linkend="functions-commit-timestamp"><function>pg_xact_commit_timestamp()</></>
and <function>pg_last_committed_xact()</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-12-22 [584e35d] Peter ..: Change local_preload_libraries to PGC_USERSET
-->
<para>
Allow <xref linkend="guc-local-preload-libraries"> to be set
by <command>ALTER ROLE SET</> (Peter Eisentraut, Kyotaro Horiguchi)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-04-03 [a75fb9b] Alvaro..: Have autovacuum workers listen to SIGHUP, too
-->
<para>
Allow <link linkend="autovacuum">autovacuum workers</>
to respond to configuration parameter changes during a run
(Michael Paquier)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-06-20 [3bdcf6a] Andres..: Don't allow to disable backend assertions via t..
-->
<para>
Make configuration parameter <xref linkend="guc-debug-assertions">
read-only (Andres Freund)
</para>
<para>
This means that assertions can no longer be turned
off if they were enabled at compile time, allowing for more
efficient code optimization. This change also removes the <link
linkend="app-postgres-options">postgres</> <option>-A</> option.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-10-18 [7feaccc] Peter ..: Allow setting effective_io_concurrency even on..
-->
<para>
Allow setting <xref linkend="guc-effective-io-concurrency"> on
systems where it has no effect (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-08 [a97e0c3] Stephe..: Add pg_file_settings view and function
2015-06-28 [62d16c7] Tom Lane: Improve design and implementation of pg_file_se..
-->
<para>
Add system view <link
linkend="view-pg-file-settings"><structname>pg_file_settings</></>
to show the contents of the server's configuration files
(Sawada Masahiko)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-14 [a486e35] Peter ..: Add pg_settings.pending_restart column
-->
<para>
Add <structname>pending_restart</> to the system view <link
linkend="view-pg-settings"><structname>pg_settings</></> to
indicate a change has been made but will not take effect until a
database restart (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-02 [bd3b7a9] Fujii ..: Support ALTER SYSTEM RESET command.
-->
<para>
Allow <link linkend="SQL-ALTERSYSTEM"><command>ALTER SYSTEM</></>
values to be reset with <command>ALTER SYSTEM RESET</> (Vik
Fearing)
</para>
<para>
This command removes the specified setting
from <filename>postgresql.auto.conf</>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Replication and Recovery</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-04-29 [5aa2350] Andres..: Introduce replication progress tracking infrast..
-->
<para>
Create mechanisms for tracking
the <link linkend="replication-origins">progress of replication</>,
including methods for identifying the origin of individual changes
during logical replication (Andres Freund)
</para>
<para>
This is helpful when implementing replication solutions.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-09-26 [bd7c348] Andres..: Rework the way multixact truncations work.
2015-09-26 [6e8af37] Andres..: Remove legacy multixact truncation support.
-->
<para>
Rework truncation of the multixact commit log to be properly
WAL-logged (Andres Freund)
</para>
<para>
This makes things substantially simpler and more robust.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-25 [aedccb1] Simon ..: action_at_recovery_target recovery config option
2014-12-07 [b8e33a8] Simon ..: Tweaks for recovery_target_action
2015-03-15 [51c11a7] Andres..: Remove pause_at_recovery_target recovery.conf s..
-->
<para>
Add <link linkend="recovery-config"><filename>recovery.conf</></>
parameter <link
linkend="recovery-target-action"><varname>recovery_target_action</></>
to control post-recovery activity (Petr Jel&iacute;nek)
</para>
<para>
This replaces the old parameter <varname>pause_at_recovery_target</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-15 [ffd3774] Heikki..: Add archive_mode='always' option.
-->
<para>
Add new <xref linkend="guc-archive-mode"> value
<literal>always</> to allow standbys to always archive received
<acronym>WAL</> files (Fujii Masao)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-02-23 [5d2b45e] Fujii ..: Add GUC to control the time to wait before retr..
-->
<para>
Add configuration
parameter <xref linkend="guc-wal-retrieve-retry-interval"> to
control <acronym>WAL</> read retry after failure
(Alexey Vasiliev, Michael Paquier)
</para>
<para>
This is particularly helpful for warm standbys.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-11 [57aa5b2] Fujii ..: Add GUC to enable compression of full page imag..
-->
<para>
Allow compression of full-page images stored in <acronym>WAL</>
(Rahila Syed, Michael Paquier)
</para>
<para>
This feature reduces WAL volume, at the cost of more CPU time spent
on WAL logging and WAL replay. It is controlled by a new
configuration parameter <xref linkend="guc-wal-compression">, which
currently is off by default.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-08 [de76884] Heikki..: At promotion, archive last segment from old tim..
-->
<para>
Archive <acronym>WAL</> files with suffix <literal>.partial</>
during standby promotion (Heikki Linnakangas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-13 [4ad2a54] Fujii ..: Add GUC to enable logging of replication comman..
-->
<para>
Add configuration parameter <xref
linkend="guc-log-replication-commands">
to log replication commands (Fujii Masao)
</para>
<para>
By default, replication commands, e.g. <link
linkend="protocol-replication"><literal>IDENTIFY_SYSTEM</></>,
are not logged, even when <xref linkend="guc-log-statement"> is set
to <literal>all</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-04-21 [d811c03] Andres..: Add 'active_in' column to pg_replication_slots.
-->
<para>
Report the processes holding replication slots in <link
linkend="catalog-pg-replication-slots"><structname>pg_replication_slots</></>
(Craig Ringer)
</para>
<para>
The new output column is <structname>active_pid</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-25 [b3fc672] Heikki..: Allow using connection URI in primary_conninfo.
-->
<para>
Allow <filename>recovery.conf</>'s <link
linkend="primary-conninfo"><varname>primary_conninfo</></> setting to
use connection <acronym>URI</>s, e.g. <literal>postgres://</>
(Alexander Shulgin)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Queries</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-08 [168d580] Andres..: Add support for INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO NOTHI..
2015-05-08 [2c8f483] Andres..: Represent columns requiring insert and update p..
-->
<para>
Allow <link linkend="sql-on-conflict"><command>INSERT</></>s
that would generate constraint conflicts to be turned into
<command>UPDATE</>s or ignored (Peter Geoghegan, Heikki
Linnakangas, Andres Freund)
</para>
<para>
The syntax is <command>INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING/UPDATE</>.
This is the Postgres implementation of the popular
<command>UPSERT</> command.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-16 [f3d3118] Andres..: Support GROUPING SETS, CUBE and ROLLUP.
-->
<para>
Add <literal>GROUP BY</> analysis features <link
linkend="queries-grouping-sets"><literal>GROUPING SETS</></>,
<link linkend="queries-grouping-sets"><literal>CUBE</></> and
<link linkend="queries-grouping-sets"><literal>ROLLUP</></>
(Andrew Gierth, Atri Sharma)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-06-18 [8f889b1] Tom Lane: Implement UPDATE tab SET (col1,col2,...) = (SEL..
-->
<para>
Allow setting multiple target columns in
an <link linkend="SQL-UPDATE"><command>UPDATE</></> from the result of
a single sub-SELECT (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This is accomplished using the syntax <command>UPDATE tab SET
(col1, col2, ...) = (SELECT ...)</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-10-07 [df630b0] Alvaro..: Implement SKIP LOCKED for row-level locks
-->
<para>
Add <link linkend="SQL-SELECT"><command>SELECT</></> option
<literal>SKIP LOCKED</> to skip locked rows (Thomas Munro)
</para>
<para>
This does not throw an error for locked rows like
<literal>NOWAIT</> does.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-15 [f6d208d] Simon ..: TABLESAMPLE, SQL Standard and extensible
-->
<para>
Add <link linkend="SQL-SELECT"><command>SELECT</></> option
<literal>TABLESAMPLE</> to return a subset of a table (Petr
Jel&iacute;nek)
</para>
<para>
This feature supports the SQL-standard table sampling methods.
In addition, there are provisions
for <link linkend="tablesample-method">user-defined
table sampling methods</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-11 [e529cd4] Robert..: Suggest to the user the column they may have m..
-->
<para>
Suggest possible matches for mistyped column names (Peter
Geoghegan, Robert Haas)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Utility Commands</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-01-16 [20af53d] Tom Lane: Show sort ordering options in EXPLAIN output.
-->
<para>
Add more details about sort ordering in <link
linkend="SQL-EXPLAIN"><command>EXPLAIN</></> output (Marius Timmer,
Lukas Kreft, Arne Scheffer)
</para>
<para>
Details include <literal>COLLATE</>, <literal>DESC</>,
<literal>USING</>, and <literal>NULLS FIRST</><literal>/LAST</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-12-18 [35192f0] Alvaro..: Have VACUUM log number of skipped pages due to ..
-->
<para>
Make <link linkend="SQL-VACUUM"><command>VACUUM</></> log the
number of pages skipped due to pins (Jim Nasby)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-02-20 [d42358e] Alvaro..: Have TRUNCATE update pgstat tuple counters
-->
<para>
Make <link linkend="SQL-TRUNCATE"><command>TRUNCATE</></> properly
update the <literal>pg_stat</>* tuple counters (Alexander Shulgin)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title><xref linkend="SQL-REINDEX"></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-12-09 [fe263d1] Simon ..: REINDEX SCHEMA
-->
<para>
Allow <command>REINDEX</> to reindex an entire schema using the
<literal>SCHEMA</> option (Sawada Masahiko)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-15 [ecd222e] Fujii ..: Support VERBOSE option in REINDEX command.
-->
<para>
Add <literal>VERBOSE</> option to <command>REINDEX</> (Sawada
Masahiko)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-12-09 [ae4e688] Simon ..: Silence REINDEX
-->
<para>
Prevent <command>REINDEX DATABASE</> and <command>SCHEMA</>
from outputting object names, unless <literal>VERBOSE</> is used
(Simon Riggs)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-04-09 [17d436d] Fujii ..: Remove obsolete FORCE option from REINDEX.
-->
<para>
Remove obsolete <literal>FORCE</> option from <command>REINDEX</>
(Fujii Masao)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Object Manipulation</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-19 [491c029] Stephe..: Row-Level Security Policies (RLS)
-->
<para>
Add <link linkend="ddl-rowsecurity">row-level security control</>
(Craig Ringer, KaiGai Kohei, Adam Brightwell, Dean Rasheed,
Stephen Frost)
</para>
<para>
This feature allows row-by-row control over which users can add,
modify, or even see rows in a table. This is controlled by new
commands <link linkend="SQL-CREATEPOLICY"><command>CREATE</></>/<link
linkend="SQL-ALTERPOLICY"><command>ALTER</></>/<link
linkend="SQL-DROPPOLICY"><command>DROP POLICY</></> and <link
linkend="SQL-ALTERTABLE"><command>ALTER TABLE ... ENABLE/DISABLE
ROW SECURITY</></>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-08-22 [f41872d] Alvaro..: Implement ALTER TABLE .. SET LOGGED / UNLOGGED
-->
<para>
Allow changing of the <acronym>WAL</acronym>
logging status of a table after creation with <link
linkend="SQL-ALTERTABLE"><command>ALTER TABLE ... SET LOGGED /
UNLOGGED</></> (Fabr&iacute;zio de Royes Mello)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-08-26 [0076f26] Heikki..: Implement IF NOT EXISTS for CREATE SEQUENCE.
2014-11-06 [08309aa] Fujii ..: Implement IF NOT EXIST for CREATE INDEX.
2014-12-13 [e39b6f9] Andrew..: Add CINE option for CREATE TABLE AS and CREATE ..
-->
<para>
Add <literal>IF NOT EXISTS</> clause to <link
linkend="SQL-CREATETABLEAS"><command>CREATE TABLE AS</></>,
<link linkend="SQL-CREATEINDEX"><command>CREATE INDEX</></>,
<link linkend="SQL-CREATESEQUENCE"><command>CREATE SEQUENCE</></>,
and <link linkend="SQL-CREATEMATERIALIZEDVIEW"><command>CREATE
MATERIALIZED VIEW</></> (Fabr&iacute;zio de Royes Mello)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-24 [1d8198b] Bruce ..: Add support for ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS ... RENAM..
-->
<para>
Add support for <literal>IF EXISTS</> to <link
linkend="SQL-ALTERTABLE"><command>ALTER TABLE ... RENAME
CONSTRAINT</></> (Bruce Momjian)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-09 [31eae60] Alvaro..: Allow CURRENT/SESSION_USER to be used in certai..
-->
<para>
Allow some DDL commands to accept <literal>CURRENT_USER</>
or <literal>SESSION_USER</>, meaning the current user or session
user, in place of a specific user name (Kyotaro Horiguchi,
&Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
</para>
<para>
This feature is now supported in
<xref linkend="SQL-ALTERUSER">, <xref linkend="SQL-ALTERGROUP">,
<xref linkend="SQL-ALTERROLE">, <xref linkend="SQL-GRANT">,
and <command>ALTER <replaceable>object</> OWNER TO</> commands.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-06-21 [ad89a5d] Alvaro..: Add transforms to pg_get_object_address and fr..
-->
<para>
Support comments on <link linkend="SQL-CREATEDOMAIN">domain
constraints</> (&Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-04-05 [0ef0396] Simon ..: Reduce lock levels of some trigger DDL and add ..
-->
<para>
Reduce lock levels of some create and alter trigger and foreign
key commands (Simon Riggs, Andreas Karlsson)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-11 [fa26424] Stephe..: Allow LOCK TABLE .. ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE with IN..
-->
<para>
Allow <link linkend="SQL-LOCK"><command>LOCK TABLE ... ROW EXCLUSIVE
MODE</></> for those with <command>INSERT</> privileges on the
target table (Stephen Frost)
</para>
<para>
Previously this command required <command>UPDATE</>, <command>DELETE</>,
or <command>TRUNCATE</> privileges.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-23 [e5f455f] Tom Lane: Apply table and domain CHECK constraints in nam.
-->
<para>
Apply table and domain <literal>CHECK</> constraints in order by name
(Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
The previous ordering was indeterminate.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-07-01 [15c82ef] Tom Lane: Refactor CREATE/ALTER DATABASE syntax so option..
2014-07-01 [fbb1d7d] Tom Lane: Allow CREATE/ALTER DATABASE to manipulate datis..
-->
<para>
Allow <link
linkend="SQL-CREATEDATABASE"><command>CREATE</></>/<link
linkend="SQL-ALTERDATABASE"><command>ALTER DATABASE</></>
to manipulate <structname>datistemplate</> and
<structname>datallowconn</> (Vik Fearing)
</para>
<para>
This allows these per-database settings to be
changed without manually modifying the <link
linkend="catalog-pg-database"><structname>pg_database</></>
system catalog.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="ddl-foreign-data">Foreign Tables</link></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-07-10 [59efda3] Tom Lane: Implement IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA.
-->
<para>
Add support for <xref linkend="SQL-IMPORTFOREIGNSCHEMA">
(Ronan Dunklau, Michael Paquier, Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This command allows automatic creation of local foreign tables
that match the structure of existing tables on a remote server.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-12-17 [fc2ac1f] Tom Lane: Allow CHECK constraints to be placed on foreign..
-->
<para>
Allow <literal>CHECK</> constraints to be placed on foreign tables
(Shigeru Hanada, Etsuro Fujita)
</para>
<para>
Such constraints are assumed to be enforced on the remote server,
and are not enforced locally. However, they are assumed to hold for
purposes of query optimization, such
as <link linkend="ddl-partitioning-constraint-exclusion">constraint
exclusion</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-22 [cb1ca4d] Tom Lane: Allow foreign tables to participate in inherita..
-->
<para>
Allow foreign tables to participate in inheritance (Shigeru Hanada,
Etsuro Fujita)
</para>
<para>
To let this work naturally, foreign tables are now allowed to have
check constraints marked as not valid, and to set storage
and <type>OID</> characteristics, even though these operations are
effectively no-ops for a foreign table.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-01 [e7cb7ee] Robert..: Allow FDWs and custom scan providers to replace..
2015-05-10 [1a8a4e5] Tom Lane: Code review for foreign/custom join pushdown pa..
-->
<para>
Allow foreign data wrappers and custom scans to implement join
pushdown (KaiGai Kohei)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="event-triggers">Event Triggers</link></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-11 [b488c58] Alvaro..: Allow on-the-fly capture of DDL event details
-->
<para>
Whenever a <literal>ddl_command_end</> event trigger is installed,
capture details of <acronym>DDL</> activity for it to inspect
(&Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
</para>
<para>
This information is available through a set-returning function <link
linkend="pg-event-trigger-ddl-command-end-functions"><function>pg_event_trigger_ddl_commands()</></link>,
or by inspection of C data structures if that function doesn't
provide enough detail.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-12-08 [618c943] Simon ..: Event Trigger for table_rewrite
-->
<para>
Allow event triggers on table rewrites caused by <link
linkend="SQL-ALTERTABLE"><command>ALTER TABLE</></> (Dimitri
Fontaine)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-02-23 [296f3a6] Alvaro..: Support more commands in event triggers
-->
<para>
Add event trigger support for database-level <link
linkend="SQL-COMMENT"><command>COMMENT</></>, <link
linkend="SQL-SECURITY-LABEL"><command>SECURITY LABEL</></>,
and <link linkend="SQL-GRANT"><command>GRANT</></>/<link
linkend="SQL-REVOKE"><command>REVOKE</></> (&Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-12-30 [72dd233] Alvaro..: pg_event_trigger_dropped_objects: Add name/args..
2015-04-06 [e9a077c] Alvaro..: pg_event_trigger_dropped_objects: add is_temp c..
-->
<para>
Add columns to the output of <link
linkend="pg-event-trigger-sql-drop-functions"><function>pg_event_trigger_dropped_objects</></>
(&Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
</para>
<para>
This allows simpler processing of delete operations.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Data Types</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-09 [57b1085] Peter ..: Allow empty content in xml type
-->
<para>
Allow the <link linkend="datatype-xml"><type>xml</></> data type
to accept empty or all-whitespace content values (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
This is required by the <acronym>SQL</>/<acronym>XML</>
specification.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-10-21 [6f04368] Peter ..: Allow input format xxxx-xxxx-xxxx for macaddr ..
-->
<para>
Allow <link linkend="datatype-macaddr"><type>macaddr</></> input
using the format <literal>xxxx-xxxx-xxxx</> (Herwin Weststrate)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-10-18 [417f924] Bruce ..: interval: tighten precision specification
-->
<para>
Disallow non-SQL-standard syntax for <link
linkend="datatype-interval-input"><type>interval</></link> with
both precision and field specifications (Bruce Momjian)
</para>
<para>
Per the standard, such type specifications should be written as,
for example, <literal>INTERVAL MINUTE TO SECOND(2)</>.
<productname>PostgreSQL</> formerly allowed this to be written as
<literal>INTERVAL(2) MINUTE TO SECOND</>, but it must now be
written in the standard way.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-04-01 [89840d7] Tom Lane: Provide real selectivity estimators for inet/ci..
-->
<para>
Add selectivity estimators for <link
linkend="datatype-inet"><type>inet</></>/<link
linkend="datatype-cidr"><type>cidr</></> operators and improve
estimators for text search functions (Emre Hasegeli, Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-09 [0c90f67] Andrew..: Add new OID alias type regrole
2015-05-09 [cb9fa80] Andrew..: Add new OID alias type regnamespace
-->
<para>
Add data
types <link linkend="datatype-oid-table"><type>regrole</></link>
and <link linkend="datatype-oid-table"><type>regnamespace</></link>
to simplify entering and pretty-printing the <type>OID</> of a role
or namespace (Kyotaro Horiguchi)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="datatype-json"><acronym>JSON</></link></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-12 [c694701] Andrew..: Additional functions and operators for jsonb
2015-05-31 [37def42] Andrew..: Rename jsonb_replace to jsonb_set and allow it ..
-->
<para>
Add <type>jsonb</> functions <link
linkend="functions-json-processing-table"><function>jsonb_set()</></>
and <link
linkend="functions-json-processing-table"><function>jsonb_pretty()</></>
(Dmitry Dolgov, Andrew Dunstan, Petr Jel&iacute;nek)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-12-12 [7e354ab] Andrew..: Add several generator functions for jsonb that ..
-->
<para>
Add <type>jsonb</> generator functions <link
linkend="functions-json-creation-table"><function>to_jsonb()</></>,
<link
linkend="functions-json-creation-table"><function>jsonb_object()</></>,
<link
linkend="functions-json-creation-table"><function>jsonb_build_object()</></>,
<link
linkend="functions-json-creation-table"><function>jsonb_build_array()</></>,
<link
linkend="functions-aggregate-table"><function>jsonb_agg()</></>,
and <link
linkend="functions-aggregate-table"><function>jsonb_object_agg()</></>
(Andrew Dunstan)
</para>
<para>
Equivalent functions already existed for type <type>json</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-03 [b67f1ce] Tom Lane: Reduce json <=> jsonb casts from explicit-only..
-->
<para>
Reduce casting requirements to/from <link
linkend="datatype-json"><type>json</></> and <link
linkend="datatype-json"><type>jsonb</></> (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-06-11 [908e234] Andrew..: Rename jsonb - text[] operator to #- to avoid a..
-->
<para>
Allow <type>text</>, <type>text</> array, and <type>integer</>
values to be <link linkend="functions-jsonb-op-table">subtracted</>
from <type>jsonb</> documents (Dmitry Dolgov, Andrew Dunstan)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-12 [c694701] Andrew..: Additional functions and operators for jsonb
-->
<para>
Add <type>jsonb</> <link
linkend="functions-jsonb-op-table"><literal>||</></> operator
(Dmitry Dolgov, Andrew Dunstan)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-12-12 [237a882] Andrew..: Add json_strip_nulls and jsonb_strip_nulls fun..
-->
<para>
Add <link
linkend="functions-json-processing-table"><function>json_strip_nulls()</></>
and <link
linkend="functions-json-processing-table"><function>jsonb_strip_nulls()</></>
functions to remove JSON null values from documents
(Andrew Dunstan)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Functions</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-11 [1871c89] Fujii ..: Add generate_series(numeric, numeric).
-->
<para>
Add <link linkend="functions-srf"><function>generate_series()</></>
for <type>numeric</> values (Plato Malugin)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-25 [bac2739] Tom Lane: Support arrays as input to array_agg() and ARRA..
-->
<para>
Allow <link
linkend="functions-aggregate-table"><function>array_agg()</></> and
<function>ARRAY()</> to take arrays as inputs (Ali Akbar, Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-18 [13dbc7a] Alvaro..: array_offset() and array_offsets()
2015-03-30 [97690ea] Alvaro..: Change array_offset to return subscripts, not o..
-->
<para>
Add functions <link
linkend="array-functions-table"><function>array_position()</></>
and <link
linkend="array-functions-table"><function>array_positions()</></>
to return subscripts of array values (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-12-15 [4520ba6] Heikki..: Add point <-> polygon distance operator.
-->
<para>
Add a <type>point</>-to-<type>polygon</> distance operator
<link linkend="functions-geometry-op-table">&lt;-&gt;</>
(Alexander Korotkov)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-08-27 [8167a38] Jeff D..: Allow multibyte characters as escape in SIMILA..
-->
<para>
Allow multibyte characters as escapes in <link
linkend="functions-similarto-regexp"><literal>SIMILAR TO</></>
and <link linkend="functions-string-sql"><literal>SUBSTRING</></>
(Jeff Davis)
</para>
<para>
Previously, only a single-byte character was allowed as an escape.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-09 [e80252d] Tom Lane: Add width_bucket(anyelement, anyarray).
-->
<para>
Add a <link
linkend="functions-math-func-table"><function>width_bucket()</></>
variant that supports any sortable data type and non-uniform bucket
widths (Petr Jel&iacute;nek)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-06-28 [cb2acb1] Heikki..: Add missing_ok option to the SQL functions for..
-->
<para>
Add an optional <replaceable>missing_ok</> argument to <link
linkend="functions-admin-genfile-table"><function>pg_read_file()</></>
and related functions (Michael Paquier, Heikki Linnakangas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-10 [865f14a] Robert..: Allow named parameters to be specified using =>..
-->
<para>
Allow <link linkend="sql-syntax-calling-funcs"><literal>=&gt;</></>
to specify named parameters in function calls (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
<para>
Previously only <literal>:=</> could be used. This requires removing
the possibility for <literal>=&gt;</> to be a user-defined operator.
Creation of user-defined <literal>=&gt;</> operators has been issuing
warnings since PostgreSQL 9.0.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-25 [06bf0dd] Tom Lane: Upgrade src/port/rint.c to be POSIX-compliant.
-->
<para>
Add <acronym>POSIX</>-compliant rounding for platforms that use
PostgreSQL-supplied rounding functions (Pedro Gimeno Fortea)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title>System Information Functions and Views</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-12-23 [d7ee82e] Alvaro..: Add SQL-callable pg_get_object_address
2014-12-30 [a676201] Alvaro..: Add pg_identify_object_as_address
-->
<para>
Add function <link
linkend="functions-info-object-table"><function>pg_get_object_address()</></>
to return <type>OID</>s that uniquely
identify an object, and function <link
linkend="functions-info-object-table"><function>pg_identify_object_as_address()</></>
to return object information based on <type>OID</>s (&Aacute;lvaro
Herrera)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-19 [bf03889] Stephe..: GetUserId() changes to has_privs_of_role()
-->
<para>
Loosen security checks for viewing queries in <link
linkend="pg-stat-activity-view"><structname>pg_stat_activity</></>,
executing <link
linkend="functions-admin-signal-table"><function>pg_cancel_backend()</></>,
and executing <link
linkend="functions-admin-signal-table"><function>pg_terminate_backend()</></>
(Stephen Frost)
</para>
<para>
Previously, only the specific role owning the target session could
perform these operations; now membership in that role is sufficient.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-02-19 [2fb7a75] Tom Lane: Add pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp() to show s..
-->
<para>
Add <link
linkend="monitoring-stats-funcs-table"><function>pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp()</></>
to output the time stamp of the statistics snapshot (Matt Kelly)
</para>
<para>
This represents the last time the snapshot file was written to
the file system.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-10 [36ad1a8] Bruce ..: Implement mxid_age() to compute multi-xid age
-->
<para>
Add <link
linkend="vacuum-for-multixact-wraparound"><function>mxid_age()</></>
to compute multi-xid age (Bruce Momjian)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Aggregates</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-08-28 [6c40f83] Tom Lane: Add min and max aggregates for inet/cidr data t..
-->
<para>
Add <function>min()</>/<function>max()</> aggregates
for <link linkend="datatype-inet"><type>inet</></>/<link
linkend="datatype-cidr"><type>cidr</></> data types (Haribabu
Kommi)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-20 [8122e14] Andres..: Add, optional, support for 128bit integers.
2015-03-20 [959277a] Andres..: Use 128-bit math to accelerate some aggregation..
-->
<para>
Use 128-bit integers, where supported, as accumulators for some
aggregate functions (Andreas Karlsson)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Server-Side Languages</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-07-03 [8b6010b] Tom Lane: Improve support for composite types in PL/Python.
-->
<para>
Improve support for composite types in <link
linkend="plpython"><application>PL/Python</></> (Ed Behn, Ronan
Dunklau)
</para>
<para>
This allows <application>PL/Python</> functions to return arrays
of composite types.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-11 [1ce7a57] Peter ..: PL/Python: Avoid lossiness in float conversion
-->
<para>
Reduce lossiness of <link
linkend="plpython"><application>PL/Python</></> floating-point value
conversions (Marko Kreen)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-04-26 [cac7658] Peter ..: Add transforms feature
-->
<para>
Allow specification of conversion routines between <acronym>SQL</>
data types and data types of procedural languages (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
This change adds new commands <link
linkend="SQL-CREATETRANSFORM"><command>CREATE</></>/<link
linkend="SQL-DROPTRANSFORM"><command>DROP TRANSFORM</></>.
This also adds optional transformations between the <link
linkend="hstore"><application>hstore</></> and <link
linkend="ltree"><application>ltree</></> types to/from <link
linkend="plperl"><application>PL/Perl</></> and <link
linkend="plpython"><application>PL/Python</></>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="plpgsql">PL/pgSQL</link> Server-Side Language</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-14 [1dc5ebc] Tom Lane: Support "expanded" objects, particularly arrays..
2015-02-16 [e983c4d] Tom Lane: Rationalize the APIs of array element/slice acc..
2015-02-18 [56a79a8] Tom Lane: Split array_push into separate array_append and..
2015-02-16 [9e3ad1a] Tom Lane: Use fast path in plpgsql's RETURN/RETURN NEXT i..
-->
<para>
Improve <link linkend="plpgsql"><application>PL/pgSQL</></> array
performance (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-25 [a4847fc] Tom Lane: Add an ASSERT statement in plpgsql.
-->
<para>
Add an <link linkend="plpgsql-statements-assert"><command>ASSERT</></>
statement in <application>PL/pgSQL</> (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-25 [bb1b8f6] Tom Lane: De-reserve most statement-introducing keywords ..
-->
<para>
Allow more <link linkend="plpgsql"><application>PL/pgSQL</></>
keywords to be used as identifiers (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Client Applications</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-04-11 [83aca89] Peter ..: Move pg_archivecleanup from contrib/ to src/bin/
2015-04-19 [00882d9] Peter ..: Move pg_test_fsync from contrib/ to src/bin/
2015-04-20 [528c2e4] Peter ..: Move pg_test_timing from contrib/ to src/bin/
2015-04-21 [b0a738f] Peter ..: Move pg_xlogdump from contrib/ to src/bin/
-->
<para>
Move <link
linkend="pgarchivecleanup"><application>pg_archivecleanup</></>,
<link linkend="pgtestfsync"><application>pg_test_fsync</></>,
<link linkend="pgtesttiming"><application>pg_test_timing</></>,
and <link linkend="pgxlogdump"><application>pg_xlogdump</></>
from <filename>contrib</> to <filename>src/bin</> (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
This should result in these programs being installed by default in
most installations.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-23 [61081e7] Heikki..: Add pg_rewind, for re-synchronizing a master se..
-->
<para>
Add <link linkend="app-pgrewind"><application>pg_rewind</></>,
which allows re-synchronizing a master server after failback
(Heikki Linnakangas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-10-06 [d9f38c7] Andres..: Add support for managing physical replication s..
-->
<para>
Allow <link
linkend="app-pgreceivexlog"><application>pg_receivexlog</></>
to manage physical replication slots (Michael Paquier)
</para>
<para>
This is controlled via new <option>--create-slot</> and
<option>--drop-slot</> options.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-18 [c4f99d2] Fujii ..: Add &#8211;&#8211;synchronous option to pg_receivexlog, for..
-->
<para>
Allow <link
linkend="app-pgreceivexlog"><application>pg_receivexlog</></>
to synchronously flush <acronym>WAL</> to storage using new
<option>--synchronous</> option (Furuya Osamu, Fujii Masao)
</para>
<para>
Without this, <acronym>WAL</> files are fsync'ed only on close.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-01-23 [a179232] Alvaro..: vacuumdb: enable parallel mode
-->
<para>
Allow <link linkend="APP-VACUUMDB"><application>vacuumdb</></> to
vacuum in parallel using new <option>--jobs</> option (Dilip Kumar)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-11-12 [5094da9] Alvaro..: vacuumdb: don't prompt for passwords over and ..
-->
<para>
In <link linkend="APP-VACUUMDB"><application>vacuumdb</></>, do not
prompt for the same password repeatedly when multiple connections
are necessary (Haribabu Kommi, Michael Paquier)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-15 [458a077] Fujii ..: Support &#8211;&#8211;verbose option in reindexdb.
-->
<para>
Add <option>--verbose</> option to <link
linkend="APP-REINDEXDB"><application>reindexdb</></> (Sawada
Masahiko)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-12 [72d422a] Andrew..: Map basebackup tablespaces using a tablespace_..
-->
<para>
Make <link linkend="app-pgbasebackup"><application>pg_basebackup</></>
use a tablespace mapping file when using <application>tar</> format,
to support symbolic links and file paths of 100+ characters in length
on <systemitem class="osname">MS Windows</> (Amit Kapila)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-19 [728f152] Andres..: Add rmgr callback to name xlog record types for..
2014-09-19 [bdd5726] Andres..: Add the capability to display summary statistic..
-->
<para>
Add <link linkend="pgxlogdump"><application>pg_xlogdump</></> option
<option>--stats</> to display summary statistics (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title><xref linkend="APP-PSQL"></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-31 [9d9991c] Bruce ..: psql: add asciidoc output format
-->
<para>
Allow <application>psql</> to produce AsciiDoc output (Szymon Guz)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-07-10 [5b214c5] Fujii ..: Add new ECHO mode 'errors' that displays only ..
-->
<para>
Add an <literal>errors</> mode that displays only failed commands
to <application>psql</>'s <varname>ECHO</> variable
(Pavel Stehule)
</para>
<para>
This behavior can also be selected with <application>psql</>'s
<option>-b</> option.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-12 [a2dabf0] Stephe..: Add unicode_{column|header|border}_style to psql
-->
<para>
Provide separate column, header, and border linestyle control
in <application>psql</>'s unicode linestyle (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
<para>
Single or double lines are supported; the default is
<literal>single</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-02 [51bb795] Andres..: Add psql PROMPT variable showing which line of ..
-->
<para>
Add new option <literal>%l</> in <application>psql</>'s <link
linkend="APP-PSQL-variables"><envar>PROMPT</></> variables
to display the current multiline statement line number
(Sawada Masahiko)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-28 [7655f4c] Andrew..: Add a pager_min_lines setting to psql
-->
<para>
Add <literal>\pset</> option <link
linkend="APP-PSQL-meta-commands"><varname>pager_min_lines</></>
to control pager invocation (Andrew Dunstan)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-21 [4077fb4] Andrew..: Fix an error in psql that overcounted output l..
-->
<para>
Improve <application>psql</> line counting used when deciding
to invoke the pager (Andrew Dunstan)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-12-03 [07338cb] Tom Lane: Clean up some psql issues around handling of t..
2015-12-08 [e90371d] Tom Lane: Make failure to open psql log-file fatal.
-->
<para>
<application>psql</> now fails if the file specified by
an <option>--output</> or <option>--log-file</> switch cannot be
written (Tom Lane, Daniel Verite)
</para>
<para>
Previously, it effectively ignored the switch in such cases.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-07-12 [bd40951] Andres..: Minimal psql tab completion support for SET se..
-->
<para>
Add <application>psql</> tab completion when setting the
<xref linkend="guc-search-path"> variable (Jeff Janes)
</para>
<para>
Currently only the first schema can be tab-completed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-06-23 [631e7f6] Heikki..: Improve tab-completion of DROP and ALTER ENABLE..
-->
<para>
Improve <application>psql</>'s tab completion for triggers and rules
(Andreas Karlsson)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect5>
<title><link linkend="APP-PSQL-meta-commands">Backslash Commands</link></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-10 [07c8651] Andres..: Add new psql help topics, accessible to both..
-->
<para>
Add <application>psql</> <command>\?</> help sections
<literal>variables</> and <literal>options</> (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
<para>
<literal>\? variables</> shows <application>psql</>'s special
variables and <literal>\? options</> shows the command-line options.
<command>\? commands</> shows the meta-commands, which is the
traditional output and remains the default. These help displays
can also be obtained with the command-line
option <literal>--help=<replaceable>section</></literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-07-14 [ee80f04] Alvaro..: psql: Show tablespace size in \db+
-->
<para>
Show tablespace size in <application>psql</>'s <literal>\db+</>
(Fabr&iacute;zio de Royes Mello)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-04-09 [a6f3c1f] Magnus..: Show owner of types in psql \dT+
-->
<para>
Show data type owners in <application>psql</>'s <literal>\dT+</>
(Magnus Hagander)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-04 [f6f654f] Fujii ..: Allow \watch to display query execution time if..
-->
<para>
Allow <application>psql</>'s <command>\watch</> to output
<command>\timing</> information (Fujii Masao)
</para>
<para>
Also prevent <option>--echo-hidden</> from echoing
<command>\watch</> queries, since that is generally unwanted.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-22 [eca2b9b] Andrew..: Rework echo_hidden for \sf and \ef from commit ..
-->
<para>
Make <application>psql</>'s <literal>\sf</> and <literal>\ef</>
commands honor <envar>ECHO_HIDDEN</> (Andrew Dunstan)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-08-12 [e15c4ab] Fujii ..: Add tab-completion for \unset and valid setting..
-->
<para>
Improve <application>psql</> tab completion for <command>\set</>,
<command>\unset</>, and <literal>:variable</> names (Pavel
Stehule)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-10 [095d401] Robert..: Tab complete second argument to \c with role n..
-->
<para>
Allow tab completion of role names
in <application>psql</> <literal>\c</> commands (Ian Barwick)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect5>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><xref linkend="APP-PGDUMP"></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-17 [be1cc8f] Simon ..: Add pg_dump &#8211;&#8211;snapshot option
-->
<para>
Allow <application>pg_dump</> to share a snapshot taken by another
session using <option>--snapshot</> (Simon Riggs, Michael Paquier)
</para>
<para>
The remote snapshot must have been exported by
<function>pg_export_snapshot()</> or logical replication slot
creation. This can be used to share a consistent snapshot
across multiple <application>pg_dump</> processes.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-11-21 [5f5e68b] Tom Lane: Adopt the GNU convention for handling tar-arch..
-->
<para>
Support table sizes exceeding 8GB in tar archive format (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
The POSIX standard for tar format does not allow elements of a tar
archive to exceed 8GB, but most modern implementations of tar
support an extension that does allow it. Use the extension format
when necessary, rather than failing.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-07-07 [7700597] Tom Lane: In pg_dump, show server and pg_dump versions w..
-->
<para>
Make <application>pg_dump</> always print the server and
<application>pg_dump</> versions (Jing Wang)
</para>
<para>
Previously, version information was only printed in
<option>--verbose</> mode.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-06-04 [232cd63] Fujii ..: Remove -i/-ignore-version option from pg_dump..
-->
<para>
Remove the long-ignored <option>-i</>/<option>--ignore-version</>
option from <application>pg_dump</>, <application>pg_dumpall</>,
and <application>pg_restore</> (Fujii Masao)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><xref linkend="app-pg-ctl"></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-08-25 [ebe30ad] Bruce ..: pg_ctl, pg_upgrade: allow multiple -o/-O opti..
-->
<para>
Support multiple <application>pg_ctl</> <option>-o</> options,
concatenating their values (Bruce Momjian)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-07-17 [c0e4520] Magnus..: Add option to pg_ctl to choose event source for..
-->
<para>
Allow control of <application>pg_ctl</>'s event source logging
on <systemitem class="osname">MS Windows</> (MauMau)
</para>
<para>
This only controls <application>pg_ctl</>, not the server, which
has separate settings in <filename>postgresql.conf</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-11-08 [bdb42ba] Noah M..: Don't connect() to a wildcard address in test_..
-->
<para>
If the server's listen address is set to a wildcard value
(<literal>0.0.0.0</> in IPv4 or <literal>::</> in IPv6), connect via
the loopback address rather than trying to use the wildcard address
literally (Kondo Yuta)
</para>
<para>
This fix primarily affects Windows, since on other platforms
<application>pg_ctl</> will prefer to use a Unix-domain socket.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><xref linkend="pgupgrade"></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-04-14 [9fa8b0e] Peter ..: Move pg_upgrade from contrib/ to src/bin/
-->
<para>
Move <application>pg_upgrade</> from <filename>contrib</> to
<filename>src/bin</> (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
In connection with this change, the functionality previously
provided by the <application>pg_upgrade_support</> module has been
moved into the core server.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-08-25 [ebe30ad] Bruce ..: pg_ctl, pg_upgrade: allow multiple -o/-O optio..
-->
<para>
Support multiple <application>pg_upgrade</>
<option>-o</>/<option>-O</> options,
concatenating their values (Bruce Momjian)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-10-10 [33755e8] Heikki..: Change the way encoding and locale checks are d..
-->
<para>
Improve database collation comparisons in
<application>pg_upgrade</> (Heikki Linnakangas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-08-25 [2209b39] Bruce ..: pg_upgrade: remove support for 8.3 old clusters
-->
<para>
Remove support for upgrading from 8.3 clusters (Bruce Momjian)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><xref linkend="pgbench"></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-04-13 [81134af] Peter ..: Move pgbench from contrib/ to src/bin/
-->
<para>
Move pgbench from <filename>contrib</> to <filename>src/bin</>
(Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-09-30 [3c4c5ac] Tatsuo..: Fix incorrect tps number calculation in "exclu..
-->
<para>
Fix calculation of TPS number <quote>excluding connections
establishing</> (Tatsuo Ishii, Fabien Coelho)
</para>
<para>
The overhead for connection establishment was miscalculated whenever
the number of pgbench threads was less than the number of client
connections. Although this is clearly a bug, we won't back-patch it
into pre-9.5 branches since it makes TPS numbers not comparable to
previous results.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-10-13 [98aed6c] Heikki..: Add &#8211;&#8211;latency-limit option to pgbench.
-->
<para>
Allow counting of pgbench transactions that take over a specified
amount of time (Fabien Coelho)
</para>
<para>
This is controlled by a new <option>--latency-limit</> option.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-07-30 [ed802e7] Robert..: pgbench: Allow \setrandom to generate Gaussian..
-->
<para>
Allow pgbench to generate Gaussian/exponential distributions
using <command>\setrandom</> (Kondo Mitsumasa, Fabien Coelho)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-02 [878fdcb] Robert..: pgbench: Add a real expression syntax to \set
-->
<para>
Allow <application>pgbench</>'s <command>\set</> command to handle
arithmetic expressions containing more than one operator, and add
<literal>%</> (modulo) to the set of operators it supports
(Robert Haas, Fabien Coelho)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Source Code</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-20 [2c03216] Heikki..: Revamp the WAL record format.
-->
<para>
Simplify <link linkend="wal"><acronym>WAL</></> record format
(Heikki Linnakangas)
</para>
<para>
This allows external tools to more easily track what blocks
are modified.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-15 [4f1b890] Andres..: Merge the various forms of transaction commit &..
-->
<para>
Improve the representation of transaction commit and abort WAL
records (Andres Freund)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-25 [b64d92f] Andres..: Add a basic atomic ops API abstracting away pla..
-->
<para>
Add atomic memory operations <acronym>API</> (Andres Freund)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-07 [0b03e59] Robert..: Introduce custom path and scan providers.
2014-11-20 [a34fa8e] Tom Lane: Initial code review for CustomScan patch.
2014-11-21 [c2ea228] Tom Lane: Simplify API for initially hooking custom-path ..
2014-11-21 [4477704] Tom Lane: Rearrange CustomScan API.
-->
<para>
Allow custom path and scan methods (KaiGai Kohei, Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This allows extensions greater control over the optimizer and
executor.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-12 [afb9249] Tom Lane: Add support for doing late row locking in FDWs.
-->
<para>
Allow foreign data wrappers to do post-filter locking (Etsuro
Fujita)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-08 [168d580] Andres..: Add support for INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO NOTHI..
2015-05-08 [2c8f483] Andres..: Represent columns requiring insert and update p..
-->
<para>
Foreign tables can now take part in <command>INSERT ... ON CONFLICT
DO NOTHING</> queries (Peter Geoghegan, Heikki Linnakangas,
Andres Freund)
</para>
<para>
Foreign data wrappers must be modified to handle this.
<command>INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE</> is not supported on
foreign tables.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-12-18 [4a14f13] Tom Lane: Improve hash_create's API for selecting simple-..
-->
<para>
Improve <function>hash_create()</>'s API for selecting
simple-binary-key hash functions (Teodor Sigaev, Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-04-30 [924bcf4] Robert..: Create an infrastructure for parallel computati..
2014-10-31 [2bd9e41] Robert..: Support frontend-backend protocol communication..
-->
<para>
Improve parallel execution infrastructure (Robert Haas, Amit
Kapila, Noah Misch, Rushabh Lathia, Jeevan Chalke)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-06-28 [a6d488c] Andres..: Remove Alpha and Tru64 support.
-->
<para>
Remove <productname>Alpha</> (<acronym>CPU</>) and <systemitem
class="osname">Tru64</> (OS) ports (Andres Freund)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-07-06 [4893ccd] Robert..: Remove swpb-based spinlock implementation for A..
-->
<para>
Remove swap-byte-based spinlock implementation for
<acronym>ARM</>v5 and earlier <acronym>CPU</>s (Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
<acronym>ARM</>v5's weak memory ordering made this locking
implementation unsafe. Spinlock support is still possible on
newer gcc implementations with atomics support.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-02-24 [23a7835] Peter ..: Error when creating names too long for tar for..
-->
<para>
Generate an error when excessively long (100+ character) file
paths are written to tar files (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
Tar does not support such overly-long paths.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-19 [0b28ea7] Tom Lane: Avoid collation dependence in indexes of syste..
-->
<para>
Change index operator class for columns <link
linkend="catalog-pg-seclabel"><structname>pg_seclabel</></>.<structname>provider</>
and <link
linkend="catalog-pg-shseclabel"><structname>pg_shseclabel</></>.<structname>provider</>
to be <literal>text_pattern_ops</> (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This avoids possible problems with these indexes when different
databases of a cluster have different default collations.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-09 [0709b7e] Robert..: Change the spinlock primitives to function as c..
-->
<para>
Change the spinlock primitives to function as compiler barriers
(Robert Haas)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title>MS Windows</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-12-08 [519b075] Simon ..: Use GetSystemTimeAsFileTime directly in win32
2014-12-08 [8001fe6] Simon ..: Windows: use GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime if ..
-->
<para>
Allow higher-precision time stamp resolution on <systemitem
class="osname">Windows 8</>, <systemitem class="osname">Windows
Server 2012</>, and later Windows systems (Craig Ringer)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-18 [f9dead5] Alvaro..: Install shared libraries to bin/ in Windows un..
-->
<para>
Install shared libraries to <filename>bin</> in <systemitem
class="osname">MS Windows</> (Peter Eisentraut, Michael Paquier)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-04-16 [22d0053] Alvaro..: MSVC: install src/test/modules together with c..
-->
<para>
Install <filename>src/test/modules</> together with
<filename>contrib</> on <productname>MSVC</> builds (Michael
Paquier)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-07-12 [8d9a0e8] Magnus..: Support &#8211;&#8211;with-extra-version equivalent functi..
-->
<para>
Allow <link linkend="install-procedure">configure</>'s
<option>--with-extra-version</> option to be honored by the
<productname>MSVC</> build (Michael Paquier)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-07-14 [91f03ba] Noah M..: MSVC: Recognize PGFILEDESC in contrib and conv..
-->
<para>
Pass <envar>PGFILEDESC</> into <productname>MSVC</> contrib builds
(Michael Paquier)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-07-14 [c4a448e] Noah M..: MSVC: Apply icons to all binaries having them ..
-->
<para>
Add icons to all <productname>MSVC</>-built binaries and version
information to all <systemitem class="osname">MS Windows</>
binaries (Noah Misch)
</para>
<para>
MinGW already had such icons.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-09-10 [311da16] Andres..: Add support for optional_argument to our own ge..
-->
<para>
Add optional-argument support to the internal
<function>getopt_long()</> implementation (Michael Paquier,
Andres Freund)
</para>
<para>
This is used by the <productname>MSVC</> build.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Additional Modules</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-03-27 [717f709] Andrew..: Add stats for min, max, mean, stddev times to p..
-->
<para>
Add statistics for minimum, maximum,
mean, and standard deviation times to <link
linkend="pgstatstatements-columns"><application>pg_stat_statements</></>
(Mitsumasa Kondo, Andrew Dunstan)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-10-01 [32984d8] Heikki..: Add functions for dealing with PGP armor heade..
-->
<para>
Add <link linkend="pgcrypto"><application>pgcrypto</></> function
<function>pgp_armor_headers()</> to extract <productname>PGP</>
armor headers (Marko Tiikkaja, Heikki Linnakangas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-06-30 [97c40ce] Tom Lane: Allow empty replacement strings in contrib/unac..
-->
<para>
Allow empty replacement strings in <link
linkend="unaccent"><application>unaccent</></> (Mohammad Alhashash)
</para>
<para>
This is useful in languages where diacritic signs are represented
as separate characters.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-06-30 [1b24887] Tom Lane: Allow multi-character source strings in contrib..
-->
<para>
Allow multicharacter source strings in <link
linkend="unaccent"><application>unaccent</></> (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This could be useful in languages where diacritic signs are
represented as separate characters. It also allows more complex
unaccent dictionaries.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-15 [9689290] Simon ..: TABLESAMPLE system_rows(limit)
2015-05-15 [149f6f1] Simon ..: TABLESAMPLE system_time(limit)
-->
<para>
Add <filename>contrib</> modules <link
linkend="tsm-system-rows"><application>tsm_system_rows</></> and
<link linkend="tsm-system-time"><application>tsm_system_time</></>
to allow additional table sampling methods (Petr Jel&iacute;nek)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-21 [3a82bc6] Heikki..: Add pageinspect functions for inspecting GIN in..
-->
<para>
Add <link linkend="GIN"><acronym>GIN</></>
index inspection functions to <link
linkend="pageinspect"><application>pageinspect</></> (Heikki
Linnakangas, Peter Geoghegan, Michael Paquier)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-08-22 [f577919] Andres..: Add pinning_backends column to the pg_buffercac..
-->
<para>
Add information about buffer pins to <link
linkend="pgbuffercache"><application>pg_buffercache</></> display
(Andres Freund)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2015-05-13 [5850b20] Andres..: Add pgstattuple_approx() to the pgstattuple ext..
-->
<para>
Allow <link linkend="pgstattuple"><application>pgstattuple</></>
to report approximate answers with less overhead using
<function>pgstattuple_approx()</> (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2014-11-29 [22dfd11] Alvaro..: Move test modules from contrib to src/test/modu..
2014-12-01 [df761e3] Alvaro..: Move security_label test
-->
<para>
Move <application>dummy_seclabel</>, <application>test_shm_mq</>,
<application>test_parser</>, and <application>worker_spi</>
from <filename>contrib</> to <filename>src/test/modules</>
(&Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
</para>
<para>
These modules are only meant for server testing, so they do not need
to be built or installed when packaging <productname>PostgreSQL</>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
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