714 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
714 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
<!--
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doc/src/sgml/ref/vacuumdb.sgml
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PostgreSQL documentation
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-->
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<refentry id="app-vacuumdb">
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<indexterm zone="app-vacuumdb">
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<primary>vacuumdb</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle><application>vacuumdb</application></refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo>Application</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>vacuumdb</refname>
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<refpurpose>garbage-collect and analyze a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>vacuumdb</command>
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<arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>connection-option</replaceable></arg>
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<arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>option</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice="plain" rep="repeat">
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<arg choice="opt">
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<group choice="plain">
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<arg choice="plain"><option>-t</option></arg>
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<arg choice="plain"><option>--table</option></arg>
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</group>
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<replaceable>table</replaceable>
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<arg choice="opt">( <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> [,...] )</arg>
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</arg>
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</arg>
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<arg choice="opt"><replaceable>dbname</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>vacuumdb</command>
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<arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>connection-option</replaceable></arg>
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<arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>option</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice="plain" rep="repeat">
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<arg choice="opt">
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<group choice="plain">
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<arg choice="plain">
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<arg choice="opt">
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<group choice="plain">
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<arg choice="plain"><option>-n</option></arg>
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<arg choice="plain"><option>--schema</option></arg>
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</group>
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<replaceable>schema</replaceable>
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</arg>
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</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">
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<arg choice="opt">
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<group choice="plain">
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<arg choice="plain"><option>-N</option></arg>
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<arg choice="plain"><option>--exclude-schema</option></arg>
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</group>
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<replaceable>schema</replaceable>
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</arg>
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</arg>
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</group>
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</arg>
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</arg>
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<arg choice="opt"><replaceable>dbname</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>vacuumdb</command>
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<arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>connection-option</replaceable></arg>
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<arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>option</replaceable></arg>
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<group choice="plain">
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<arg choice="plain"><option>-a</option></arg>
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<arg choice="plain"><option>--all</option></arg>
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</group>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>
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<application>vacuumdb</application> is a utility for cleaning a
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database.
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<application>vacuumdb</application> will also generate internal statistics
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used by the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> query optimizer.
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</para>
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<para>
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<application>vacuumdb</application> is a wrapper around the SQL
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command <link linkend="sql-vacuum"><command>VACUUM</command></link>.
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There is no effective difference between vacuuming and analyzing
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databases via this utility and via other methods for accessing the
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server.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>
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<application>vacuumdb</application> accepts the following command-line arguments:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-a</option></term>
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<term><option>--all</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Vacuum all databases.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option><optional>-d</optional> <replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option><optional>--dbname=</optional><replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies the name of the database to be cleaned or analyzed,
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when <option>-a</option>/<option>--all</option> is not used.
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If this is not specified, the database name is read
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from the environment variable <envar>PGDATABASE</envar>. If
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that is not set, the user name specified for the connection is
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used. The <replaceable>dbname</replaceable> can be a <link
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linkend="libpq-connstring">connection string</link>. If so,
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connection string parameters will override any conflicting command
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line options.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--disable-page-skipping</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Disable skipping pages based on the contents of the visibility map.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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This option is only available for servers running
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 9.6 and later.
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</para>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-e</option></term>
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<term><option>--echo</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Echo the commands that <application>vacuumdb</application> generates
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and sends to the server.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-f</option></term>
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<term><option>--full</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Perform <quote>full</quote> vacuuming.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-F</option></term>
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<term><option>--freeze</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Aggressively <quote>freeze</quote> tuples.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--force-index-cleanup</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Always remove index entries pointing to dead tuples.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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This option is only available for servers running
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 12 and later.
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</para>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-j <replaceable class="parameter">njobs</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--jobs=<replaceable class="parameter">njobs</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Execute the vacuum or analyze commands in parallel by running
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<replaceable class="parameter">njobs</replaceable>
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commands simultaneously. This option may reduce the processing time
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but it also increases the load on the database server.
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</para>
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<para>
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<application>vacuumdb</application> will open
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<replaceable class="parameter">njobs</replaceable> connections to the
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database, so make sure your <xref linkend="guc-max-connections"/>
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setting is high enough to accommodate all connections.
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</para>
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<para>
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Note that using this mode together with the <option>-f</option>
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(<literal>FULL</literal>) option might cause deadlock failures if
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certain system catalogs are processed in parallel.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--min-mxid-age <replaceable class="parameter">mxid_age</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Only execute the vacuum or analyze commands on tables with a multixact
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ID age of at least <replaceable class="parameter">mxid_age</replaceable>.
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This setting is useful for prioritizing tables to process to prevent
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multixact ID wraparound (see
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<xref linkend="vacuum-for-multixact-wraparound"/>).
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</para>
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<para>
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For the purposes of this option, the multixact ID age of a relation is
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the greatest of the ages of the main relation and its associated
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<acronym>TOAST</acronym> table, if one exists. Since the commands
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issued by <application>vacuumdb</application> will also process the
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<acronym>TOAST</acronym> table for the relation if necessary, it does
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not need to be considered separately.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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This option is only available for servers running
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 9.6 and later.
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</para>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--min-xid-age <replaceable class="parameter">xid_age</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Only execute the vacuum or analyze commands on tables with a
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transaction ID age of at least
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<replaceable class="parameter">xid_age</replaceable>. This setting
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is useful for prioritizing tables to process to prevent transaction
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ID wraparound (see <xref linkend="vacuum-for-wraparound"/>).
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</para>
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<para>
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For the purposes of this option, the transaction ID age of a relation
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is the greatest of the ages of the main relation and its associated
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<acronym>TOAST</acronym> table, if one exists. Since the commands
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issued by <application>vacuumdb</application> will also process the
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<acronym>TOAST</acronym> table for the relation if necessary, it does
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not need to be considered separately.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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This option is only available for servers running
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 9.6 and later.
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</para>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-n <replaceable class="parameter">schema</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--schema=<replaceable class="parameter">schema</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Clean or analyze all tables in
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<replaceable class="parameter">schema</replaceable> only. Multiple
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schemas can be vacuumed by writing multiple <option>-n</option> switches.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-N <replaceable class="parameter">schema</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--exclude-schema=<replaceable class="parameter">schema</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Do not clean or analyze any tables in
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<replaceable class="parameter">schema</replaceable>. Multiple schemas
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can be excluded by writing multiple <option>-N</option> switches.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-index-cleanup</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Do not remove index entries pointing to dead tuples.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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This option is only available for servers running
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 12 and later.
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</para>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-process-main</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Skip the main relation.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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This option is only available for servers running
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 16 and later.
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</para>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-process-toast</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Skip the TOAST table associated with the table to vacuum, if any.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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This option is only available for servers running
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 14 and later.
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</para>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-truncate</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Do not truncate empty pages at the end of the table.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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This option is only available for servers running
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 12 and later.
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</para>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-P <replaceable class="parameter">parallel_workers</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--parallel=<replaceable class="parameter">parallel_workers</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specify the number of parallel workers for <firstterm>parallel vacuum</firstterm>.
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This allows the vacuum to leverage multiple CPUs to process indexes.
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See <xref linkend="sql-vacuum"/>.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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This option is only available for servers running
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 13 and later.
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</para>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-q</option></term>
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<term><option>--quiet</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Do not display progress messages.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--skip-locked</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Skip relations that cannot be immediately locked for processing.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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This option is only available for servers running
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 12 and later.
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</para>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable> [ (<replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> [,...]) ]</option></term>
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<term><option>--table=<replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable> [ (<replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> [,...]) ]</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Clean or analyze <replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable> only.
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Column names can be specified only in conjunction with
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the <option>--analyze</option> or <option>--analyze-only</option> options.
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Multiple tables can be vacuumed by writing multiple
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<option>-t</option> switches.
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</para>
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<tip>
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<para>
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If you specify columns, you probably have to escape the parentheses
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from the shell. (See examples below.)
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</para>
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</tip>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-v</option></term>
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<term><option>--verbose</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Print detailed information during processing.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-V</option></term>
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<term><option>--version</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Print the <application>vacuumdb</application> version and exit.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-z</option></term>
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<term><option>--analyze</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Also calculate statistics for use by the optimizer.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-Z</option></term>
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<term><option>--analyze-only</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Only calculate statistics for use by the optimizer (no vacuum).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--analyze-in-stages</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Only calculate statistics for use by the optimizer (no vacuum),
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like <option>--analyze-only</option>. Run three
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stages of analyze; the first stage uses the lowest possible statistics
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target (see <xref linkend="guc-default-statistics-target"/>)
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to produce usable statistics faster, and subsequent stages build the
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full statistics.
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</para>
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<para>
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This option is only useful to analyze a database that currently has
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no statistics or has wholly incorrect ones, such as if it is newly
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populated from a restored dump or by <command>pg_upgrade</command>.
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Be aware that running with this option in a database with existing
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statistics may cause the query optimizer choices to become
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transiently worse due to the low statistics targets of the early
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stages.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-?</option></term>
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<term><option>--help</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Show help about <application>vacuumdb</application> command line
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arguments, and exit.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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<para>
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<application>vacuumdb</application> also accepts
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the following command-line arguments for connection parameters:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--host=<replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable></option></term>
|
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server
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is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used
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as the directory for the Unix domain socket.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--port=<replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file
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extension on which the server
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is listening for connections.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-U <replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--username=<replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
User name to connect as.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-w</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--no-password</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires
|
|
password authentication and a password is not available by
|
|
other means such as a <filename>.pgpass</filename> file, the
|
|
connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in
|
|
batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a
|
|
password.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-W</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--password</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Force <application>vacuumdb</application> to prompt for a
|
|
password before connecting to a database.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option is never essential, since
|
|
<application>vacuumdb</application> will automatically prompt
|
|
for a password if the server demands password authentication.
|
|
However, <application>vacuumdb</application> will waste a
|
|
connection attempt finding out that the server wants a password.
|
|
In some cases it is worth typing <option>-W</option> to avoid the extra
|
|
connection attempt.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--maintenance-db=<replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specifies the name of the database to connect to to discover which
|
|
databases should be vacuumed,
|
|
when <option>-a</option>/<option>--all</option> is used.
|
|
If not specified, the <literal>postgres</literal> database will be used,
|
|
or if that does not exist, <literal>template1</literal> will be used.
|
|
This can be a <link linkend="libpq-connstring">connection
|
|
string</link>. If so, connection string parameters will override any
|
|
conflicting command line options. Also, connection string parameters
|
|
other than the database name itself will be re-used when connecting
|
|
to other databases.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Environment</title>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><envar>PGDATABASE</envar></term>
|
|
<term><envar>PGHOST</envar></term>
|
|
<term><envar>PGPORT</envar></term>
|
|
<term><envar>PGUSER</envar></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Default connection parameters
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><envar>PG_COLOR</envar></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values
|
|
are <literal>always</literal>, <literal>auto</literal> and
|
|
<literal>never</literal>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
This utility, like most other <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> utilities,
|
|
also uses the environment variables supported by <application>libpq</application>
|
|
(see <xref linkend="libpq-envars"/>).
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Diagnostics</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
In case of difficulty, see <xref linkend="sql-vacuum"/>
|
|
and <xref linkend="app-psql"/> for
|
|
discussions of potential problems and error messages.
|
|
The database server must be running at the
|
|
targeted host. Also, any default connection settings and environment
|
|
variables used by the <application>libpq</application> front-end
|
|
library will apply.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Notes</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<application>vacuumdb</application> might need to connect several
|
|
times to the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server, asking
|
|
for a password each time. It is convenient to have a
|
|
<filename>~/.pgpass</filename> file in such cases. See <xref
|
|
linkend="libpq-pgpass"/> for more information.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Examples</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To clean the database <literal>test</literal>:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>vacuumdb test</userinput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To clean and analyze for the optimizer a database named
|
|
<literal>bigdb</literal>:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>vacuumdb --analyze bigdb</userinput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To clean a single table
|
|
<literal>foo</literal> in a database named
|
|
<literal>xyzzy</literal>, and analyze a single column
|
|
<literal>bar</literal> of the table for the optimizer:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>vacuumdb --analyze --verbose --table='foo(bar)' xyzzy</userinput>
|
|
</screen></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To clean all tables in the <literal>foo</literal> and <literal>bar</literal> schemas
|
|
in a database named <literal>xyzzy</literal>:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>vacuumdb --schema='foo' --schema='bar' xyzzy</userinput>
|
|
</screen></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
|
|
<simplelist type="inline">
|
|
<member><xref linkend="sql-vacuum"/></member>
|
|
</simplelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|